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Arunagiri A, Alam M, Haataja L, Draz H, Alasad B, Samy P, Sadique N, Tong Y, Cai Y, Shakeri H, Fantuzzi F, Ibrahim H, Jang I, Sidarala V, Soleimanpour SA, Satin LS, Otonkoski T, Cnop M, Itkin‐Ansari P, Kaufman RJ, Liu M, Arvan P. Proinsulin folding and trafficking defects trigger a common pathological disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4949. [PMID: 38511500 PMCID: PMC10955614 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Primary defects in folding of mutant proinsulin can cause dominant-negative proinsulin accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), impaired anterograde proinsulin trafficking, perturbed ER homeostasis, diminished insulin production, and β-cell dysfunction. Conversely, if primary impairment of ER-to-Golgi trafficking (which also perturbs ER homeostasis) drives misfolding of nonmutant proinsulin-this might suggest bi-directional entry into a common pathological phenotype (proinsulin misfolding, perturbed ER homeostasis, and deficient ER export of proinsulin) that can culminate in diminished insulin storage and diabetes. Here, we've challenged β-cells with conditions that impair ER-to-Golgi trafficking, and devised an accurate means to assess the relative abundance of distinct folded/misfolded forms of proinsulin using a novel nonreducing SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting protocol. We confirm abundant proinsulin misfolding upon introduction of a diabetogenic INS mutation, or in the islets of db/db mice. Whereas blockade of proinsulin trafficking in Golgi/post-Golgi compartments results in intracellular accumulation of properly-folded proinsulin (bearing native disulfide bonds), impairment of ER-to-Golgi trafficking (regardless whether such impairment is achieved by genetic or pharmacologic means) results in decreased native proinsulin with more misfolded proinsulin. Remarkably, reversible ER-to-Golgi transport defects (such as treatment with brefeldin A or cellular energy depletion) upon reversal quickly restore the ER folding environment, resulting in the disappearance of pre-existing misfolded proinsulin while preserving proinsulin bearing native disulfide bonds. Thus, proper homeostatic balance of ER-to-Golgi trafficking is linked to a more favorable proinsulin folding (as well as trafficking) outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Maroof Alam
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Hassan Draz
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Bashiyer Alasad
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Praveen Samy
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Nadeed Sadique
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Yue Tong
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty; and Division of EndocrinologyErasmus Hospital, Universite Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Ying Cai
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty; and Division of EndocrinologyErasmus Hospital, Universite Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Hadis Shakeri
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty; and Division of EndocrinologyErasmus Hospital, Universite Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Federica Fantuzzi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty; and Division of EndocrinologyErasmus Hospital, Universite Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Insook Jang
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramCenter for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vaibhav Sidarala
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Scott A. Soleimanpour
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Leslie S. Satin
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty; and Division of EndocrinologyErasmus Hospital, Universite Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Pamela Itkin‐Ansari
- Development, Aging and Regeneration ProgramCenter for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramCenter for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & DiabetesUniversity of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Menghoum N, Badii MC, Deltombe M, Lejeune S, Roy C, Vancraeynest D, Pasquet A, Gerber BL, Horman S, Gruson D, Beauloye C, Pouleur AC. Carbohydrate antigen 125: a useful marker of congestion, fibrosis, and prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38339764 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, for which it is difficult to identify patients with the poorest prognosis in routine clinical practice. Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125) has been shown to be a potential marker of congestion and prognosis in HF. We sought to better characterize HFpEF patients with high CA 125 levels by using a multimodal approach. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively enrolled 139 HFpEF patients (78 ± 8 years; 60% females) and 25 controls matched for age and sex (77 ± 5 years; 60% females). They underwent two-dimensional echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance with late gadolinium enhancement [including extracellular volume (ECV) measurement], and serum measurements of CA 125 level. The primary endpoint of the study was a composite of all-cause mortality or first HF hospitalization. The prognostic impact of CA 125 was determined using Cox proportional hazard models. Median CA 125 levels were significantly higher in HFpEF patients compared with controls [CA 125: 23.5 (14.5-44.7) vs. 14.6 (10.3-21.0) U/mL, P = 0.004]. CA 125 levels were positively correlated with a congestion marker [N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, Pearson's r = 0.37, P < 0.001] and markers of cardiac fibrosis estimated by both ECV (Pearson's r = 0.26, P = 0.003) and fibroblast growth factor 23 levels (Pearson's r = 0.50, P < 0.001). Over a median follow-up of 49 (22-64) months, 97 HFpEF patients reached the composite endpoint. Even after adjustment for the Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic risk score, a CA 125 level ≥35 U/mL was still a significant predictor of the composite endpoint [hazard ratio (HR): 1.58 (1.04-2.41), P = 0.032] and more particularly of HF hospitalization [HR: 1.81 (1.13-2.92), P = 0.014]. In contrast, NT-proBNP levels were not an independent predictor. CONCLUSIONS CA 125 levels were significantly higher in HFpEF patients compared with controls matched for age and sex and were associated with markers of congestion and cardiac fibrosis. CA 125 levels were a strong and independent predictor of HF hospitalization in HFpEF patients. These data suggest a potential value of CA 125 as a biomarker for staging and risk prediction in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassiba Menghoum
- Cardiovascular Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Chiara Badii
- Cardiovascular Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Deltombe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sibille Lejeune
- Cardiovascular Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clotilde Roy
- Cardiovascular Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Vancraeynest
- Cardiovascular Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agnes Pasquet
- Cardiovascular Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernhard L Gerber
- Cardiovascular Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damien Gruson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Cardiovascular Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Pouleur
- Cardiovascular Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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Najar M, Rahmani S, Faour WH, Alsabri SG, Lombard CA, Fayyad-Kazan H, Sokal EM, Merimi M, Fahmi H. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and Their Interplay with Th-17 Cell Response Pathway. Cells 2024; 13:169. [PMID: 38247860 PMCID: PMC10814115 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
As a form of immunomodulatory therapeutics, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from umbilical cord (UC) tissue were assessed for their dynamic interplay with the Th-17 immune response pathway. UC-MSCs were able to modulate lymphocyte response by promoting a Th-17-like profile. Such modulation depended on the cell ratio of the cocultures as well as the presence of an inflammatory setting underlying their plasticity. UC-MSCs significantly increased the expression of IL-17A and RORγt but differentially modulated T cell expression of IL-23R. In parallel, the secretion profile of the fifteen factors (IL1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-21, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, INF-γ, sCD40, and TNF-α) involved in the Th-17 immune response pathway was substantially altered during these cocultures. The modulation of these factors demonstrates the capacity of UC-MSCs to sense and actively respond to tissue challenges. Protein network and functional enrichment analysis indicated that several biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components linked to distinct Th-17 signaling interactions are involved in several trophic, inflammatory, and immune network responses. These immunological changes and interactions with the Th-17 pathway are likely critical to tissue healing and may help to identify molecular targets that will improve therapeutic strategies involving UC-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saida Rahmani
- LBBES Laboratory, Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Wissam H. Faour
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos 5053, Lebanon
| | - Sami G. Alsabri
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Catherine A. Lombard
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 6573/14, Beirut 1103, Lebanon
| | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Makram Merimi
- LBBES Laboratory, Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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El Moussaoui M, Desmecht S, Lambert N, Maes N, Braghini J, Marechal N, Quintana C, Briquet K, Gofflot S, Toussaint F, Hayette MP, Vermeersch P, Lutteri L, Grégoire C, Beguin Y, Rahmouni S, Moutschen M, Desmecht D, Darcis G. Cluster Analysis Identifies Distinct Patterns of T-Cell and Humoral Immune Responses Evolution Following a Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in People Living with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:1435. [PMID: 37515123 PMCID: PMC10383048 DOI: 10.3390/v15071435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Many vaccines require higher, additional doses or adjuvants to provide adequate protection for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite their potential risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019, immunological data remain sparse, and a clear consensus for the best booster strategy is lacking. (2) Methods: Using the data obtained from our previous study assessing prospective T-cell and humoral immune responses before and after administration of a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we assessed the correlations between immune parameters reflecting humoral and cellular immune responses. We further aimed at identifying distinct clusters of patients with similar patterns of immune response evolution to determine how these relate to demographic and clinical factors. (3) Results: Among 80 PLWH and 51 healthcare workers (HCWs) enrolled in the study, cluster analysis identified four distinct patterns of evolution characterised by specific immune patterns and clinical factors. We observed that immune responses appeared to be less robust in cluster A, whose individuals were mostly PLWH who had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cluster C, whose individuals showed a particularly drastic increase in markers of humoral immune response following the third dose of vaccine, was mainly composed of female participants who experienced SARS-CoV-2. Regarding the correlation study, although we observed a strong positive correlation between markers mirroring humoral immune response, markers of T-cell response following vaccination correlated only in a lesser extent with markers of humoral immunity. This suggests that neutralising antibody titers alone are not always a reliable reflection of the magnitude of the whole immune response. (4) Conclusions: Our findings show heterogeneity in immune responses among SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated PLWH. Specific subgroups could therefore benefit from distinct immunization strategies. Prior or breakthrough natural infection enhances the activity of vaccines and must be taken into account for informing global vaccine strategies among PLWH, even those with a viro-immunologically controlled infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdouline El Moussaoui
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Salomé Desmecht
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Medical Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lambert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Maes
- Biostatistics and Research Method Center (B-STAT), University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Joachim Braghini
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicole Marechal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Quintana
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Karine Briquet
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Gofflot
- Department of Biothèque Hospitalo-Universitaire de Liège (BHUL), University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Françoise Toussaint
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeersch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lutteri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Grégoire
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Department of Biothèque Hospitalo-Universitaire de Liège (BHUL), University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Medical Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Department of Animal Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Darcis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Fernandez M, Shkumatov AV, Liu Y, Stulemeijer C, Derclaye S, Efremov R, Hallet B, Alsteens D. AFM-based force spectroscopy unravels stepwise formation of the DNA transposition complex in the widespread Tn3 family mobile genetic elements. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:4929-4941. [PMID: 37026471 PMCID: PMC10250215 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposon Tn4430 belongs to a widespread family of bacterial transposons, the Tn3 family, which plays a prevalent role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among pathogens. Despite recent data on the structural architecture of the transposition complex, the molecular mechanisms underlying the replicative transposition of these elements are still poorly understood. Here, we use force-distance curve-based atomic force microscopy to probe the binding of the TnpA transposase of Tn4430 to DNA molecules containing one or two transposon ends and to extract the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of transposition complex assembly. Comparing wild-type TnpA with previously isolated deregulated TnpA mutants supports a stepwise pathway for transposition complex formation and activation during which TnpA first binds as a dimer to a single transposon end and then undergoes a structural transition that enables it to bind the second end cooperatively and to become activated for transposition catalysis, the latter step occurring at a much faster rate for the TnpA mutants. Our study thus provides an unprecedented approach to probe the dynamic of a complex DNA processing machinery at the single-particle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricruz Fernandez
- NanoBioPhysics lab, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Biochemistry and Genetics of Microorganisms, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexander V Shkumatov
- Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yun Liu
- Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claire Stulemeijer
- Biochemistry and Genetics of Microorganisms, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Derclaye
- NanoBioPhysics lab, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rouslan G Efremov
- Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Hallet
- Biochemistry and Genetics of Microorganisms, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - David Alsteens
- NanoBioPhysics lab, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Martins C, Araújo M, Malfanti A, Pacheco C, Smith SJ, Ucakar B, Rahman R, Aylott JW, Préat V, Sarmento B. Stimuli-Responsive Multifunctional Nanomedicine for Enhanced Glioblastoma Chemotherapy Augments Multistage Blood-to-Brain Trafficking and Tumor Targeting. Small 2023; 19:e2300029. [PMID: 36852650 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Minimal therapeutic advances have been achieved over the past two decades for glioblastoma (GBM), which remains an unmet clinical need. Here, hypothesis-driven stimuli-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) for docetaxel (DTX) delivery to GBM are reported, with multifunctional features that circumvent insufficient blood-brain barrier (BBB) trafficking and lack of GBM targeting-two major hurdles for anti-GBM therapies. NPs are dual-surface tailored with a i) brain-targeted acid-responsive Angiopep-2 moiety that triggers NP structural rearrangement within BBB endosomal vesicles, and ii) L-Histidine moiety that provides NP preferential accumulation into GBM cells post-BBB crossing. In tumor invasive margin patient cells, the stimuli-responsive multifunctional NPs target GBM cells, enhance cell uptake by 12-fold, and induce three times higher cytotoxicity in 2D and 3D cell models. Moreover, the in vitro BBB permeability is increased by threefold. A biodistribution in vivo trial confirms a threefold enhancement of NP accumulation into the brain. Last, the in vivo antitumor efficacy is validated in GBM orthotopic models following intratumoral and intravenous administration. Median survival and number of long-term survivors are increased by 50%. Altogether, a preclinical proof of concept supports these stimuli-responsive multifunctional NPs as an effective anti-GBM multistage chemotherapeutic strategy, with ability to respond to multiple fronts of the GBM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-393, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-393, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Marco Araújo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-393, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-393, Portugal
| | - Alessio Malfanti
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Catarina Pacheco
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-393, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-393, Portugal
- CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Stuart J Smith
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Ruman Rahman
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Véronique Préat
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-393, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-393, Portugal
- CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
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Cornet L, Durieu B, Baert F, D'hooge E, Colignon D, Meunier L, Lupo V, Cleenwerck I, Daniel HM, Rigouts L, Sirjacobs D, Declerck S, Vandamme P, Wilmotte A, Baurain D, Becker P. The GEN-ERA toolbox: unified and reproducible workflows for research in microbial genomics. Gigascience 2022; 12:7111624. [PMID: 37036103 PMCID: PMC10084500 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial culture collections play a key role in taxonomy by studying the diversity of their strains and providing well-characterized biological material to the scientific community for fundamental and applied research. These microbial resource centers thus need to implement new standards in species delineation, including whole-genome sequencing and phylogenomics. In this context, the genomic needs of the Belgian Coordinated Collections of Microorganisms were studied, resulting in the GEN-ERA toolbox. The latter is a unified cluster of bioinformatic workflows dedicated to both bacteria and small eukaryotes (e.g., yeasts). FINDINGS This public toolbox allows researchers without a specific training in bioinformatics to perform robust phylogenomic analyses. Hence, it facilitates all steps from genome downloading and quality assessment, including genomic contamination estimation, to tree reconstruction. It also offers workflows for average nucleotide identity comparisons and metabolic modeling. TECHNICAL DETAILS Nextflow workflows are launched by a single command and are available on the GEN-ERA GitHub repository (https://github.com/Lcornet/GENERA). All the workflows are based on Singularity containers to increase reproducibility. TESTING The toolbox was developed for a diversity of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. It was further tested on an empirical dataset of 18 (meta)genomes of early branching Cyanobacteria, providing the most up-to-date phylogenomic analysis of the Gloeobacterales order, the first group to diverge in the evolutionary tree of Cyanobacteria. CONCLUSION The GEN-ERA toolbox can be used to infer completely reproducible comparative genomic and metabolic analyses on prokaryotes and small eukaryotes. Although designed for routine bioinformatics of culture collections, it can also be used by all researchers interested in microbial taxonomy, as exemplified by our case study on Gloeobacterales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Cornet
- BCCM/IHEM, Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Durieu
- InBioS, Physiology and Bacterial Genetics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frederik Baert
- BCCM/IHEM, Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elizabet D'hooge
- BCCM/IHEM, Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Colignon
- Applied and Computational Electromagnetics (ACE), University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Loic Meunier
- InBioS-PhytoSYSTEMS, Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Valérian Lupo
- InBioS-PhytoSYSTEMS, Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ilse Cleenwerck
- BCCM/LMG and Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heide-Marie Daniel
- BCCM/MUCL and Laboratory of Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, ELIM 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Leen Rigouts
- BCCM/ITM, Mycobacteriology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Damien Sirjacobs
- InBioS-PhytoSYSTEMS, Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- BCCM/MUCL and Laboratory of Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, ELIM 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandamme
- BCCM/LMG and Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- InBioS, Physiology and Bacterial Genetics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Denis Baurain
- InBioS-PhytoSYSTEMS, Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Becker
- BCCM/IHEM, Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Cirkovic V, Dellicour S, Stamenkovic G, Siljic M, Gligic A, Stanojevic M. Phylogeographic analysis of Tula hantavirus highlights a single introduction to central Europe. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac112. [PMID: 37954511 PMCID: PMC10634634 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses are zoonotic pathogens of humans, unique among the bunyaviruses in not being transmitted by an arthropod vector. Tula orthohantavirus (TULV) is an old-world hantavirus, of yet unclear human pathogenicity, with few reported cases of clinically relevant human infection. So far, phylogeographic studies exploring the global pathways of hantaviral migration are scarce and generally do not focus on a specific hantavirus species. The aim of the present study was to reconstruct the dispersal history of TULV lineages across Eurasia based on S segment sequences sampled from different geographic areas. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference methods were used to perform the phylogenetic analysis and phylogeographic reconstructions. Sampling time and trapping localities were obtained for a total of 735 TULV S segment sequences available in public databases at the time of the study. The estimated substitution rate of the analyzed partial S segment alignment was 2.26 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year (95 per cent highest posterior density interval: 1.79 × 10-3 to 2.75 × 10-3). Continuous phylogeography of TULV S segment sequences placed the potential root and origin of TULV spread in the Black Sea region. In our study, we detect a single-lineage introduction of TULV to Europe, followed by local viral circulation further on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cirkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of
Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université
Libre de Bruxelles, CP160/13, 50, av. FD Roosevelt, Bruxelles 1050,
Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and
Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000,
Belgium
| | - Gorana Stamenkovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša
Stanković’, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade 11108, Serbia
| | - Marina Siljic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of
Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Ana Gligic
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera Torlak, Vojvode
Stepe 458, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Maja Stanojevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of
Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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9
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Chylinski D, Narbutas J, Balteau E, Collette F, Bastin C, Berthomier C, Salmon E, Maquet P, Carrier J, Phillips C, Lina JM, Vandewalle G, Van Egroo M. Frontal grey matter microstructure is associated with sleep slow waves characteristics in late midlife. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac178. [PMID: 35869626 PMCID: PMC9644125 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The ability to generate slow waves (SW) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep decreases as early as the 5th decade of life, predominantly over frontal regions. This decrease may concern prominently SW characterized by a fast switch from hyperpolarized to depolarized, or down-to-up, state. Yet, the relationship between these fast and slow switcher SW and cerebral microstructure in ageing is not established. METHODS We recorded habitual sleep under EEG in 99 healthy late midlife individuals (mean age = 59.3 ± 5.3 years; 68 women) and extracted SW parameters (density, amplitude, frequency) for all SW as well as according to their switcher type (slow vs. fast). We further used neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to assess microstructural integrity over a frontal grey matter region of interest (ROI). RESULTS In statistical models adjusted for age, sex, and sleep duration, we found that a lower SW density, particularly for fast switcher SW, was associated with a reduced orientation dispersion of neurites in the frontal ROI (p = 0.018, R2β* = 0.06). In addition, overall SW frequency was positively associated with neurite density (p = 0.03, R2β* = 0.05). By contrast, we found no significant relationships between SW amplitude and NODDI metrics. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the complexity of neurite organization contributes specifically to the rate of fast switcher SW occurrence in healthy middle-aged individuals, corroborating slow and fast switcher SW as distinct types of SW. They further suggest that the density of frontal neurites plays a key role for neural synchronization during sleep. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER EudraCT 2016-001436-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Chylinski
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Justinas Narbutas
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Balteau
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Collette
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Bastin
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Salmon
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maquet
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Carrier
- CARSM, CIUSSS of Nord-de l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Christophe Phillips
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Lina
- CARSM, CIUSSS of Nord-de l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- Corresponding authors. Gilles Vandewalle, GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, Bâtiment B30, Université de Liège, Allée du Six Août, 8, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Maxime Van Egroo
- Maxime Van Egroo, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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10
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Rusidzé M, Faure MC, Sicard P, Raymond-Letron I, Giton F, Vessieres E, Prevot V, Henrion D, Arnal JF, Cornil CA, Lenfant F. Loss of function of the maternal membrane oestrogen receptor ERα alters expansion of trophoblast cells and impacts mouse fertility. Development 2022; 149:dev200683. [PMID: 36239412 PMCID: PMC9720743 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2024]
Abstract
The binding of 17β-oestradiol to oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) plays a crucial role in the control of reproduction, acting through both nuclear and membrane-initiated signalling. To study the physiological role of membrane ERα in the reproductive system, we used the C451A-ERα mouse model with selective loss of function of membrane ERα. Despite C451A-ERα mice being described as sterile, daily weighing and ultrasound imaging revealed that homozygous females do become pregnant, allowing the investigation of the role of ERα during pregnancy for the first time. All neonatal deaths of the mutant offspring mice resulted from delayed parturition associated with failure in pre-term progesterone withdrawal. Moreover, pregnant C451A-ERα females exhibited partial intrauterine embryo arrest at about E9.5. The observed embryonic lethality resulted from altered expansion of Tpbpa-positive spiral artery-associated trophoblast giant cells into the utero-placental unit, which is associated with an imbalance in expression of angiogenic factors. Together, these processes control the trophoblast-mediated spiral arterial remodelling. Hence, loss of membrane ERα within maternal tissues clearly alters the activity of invasive trophoblast cells during placentogenesis. This previously unreported function of membrane ERα could open new avenues towards a better understanding of human pregnancy-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rusidzé
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC) Equipe 4, Inserm U1297-UPS, CHU, Toulouse 31432, France
| | | | - Pierre Sicard
- IPAM, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34295, France
| | - Isabelle Raymond-Letron
- Institut Restore, Université de Toulouse, CNRS U-5070, EFS, ENVT, Inserm U1031, Toulouse 31076, France
| | - Frank Giton
- APHP H.Mondor - IMRB - INSERM U955, Créteil 94010, France
| | - Emilie Vessieres
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CarMe team, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers 49055, France
| | - Vincent Prevot
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR-S 1172, FHU 1000 Days for Health, Lille 59000, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- Angers University, MITOVASC, CarMe team, CNRS UMR 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers 49055, France
| | | | | | - Françoise Lenfant
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC) Equipe 4, Inserm U1297-UPS, CHU, Toulouse 31432, France
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11
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Abstract
Pancreatic β cells dedicate much of their protein translation capacity to producing insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. In response to increased secretory demand, β cells can compensate by increasing insulin production capability even in the face of protracted peripheral insulin resistance. The ability to amplify insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia is a critical facet of β-cell function, and the exact mechanisms by which this occurs have been studied for decades. To adapt to the constant and fast-changing demands for insulin production, β cells use the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum. Failure of these compensatory mechanisms contributes to both type 1 and 2 diabetes. Additionally, studies in which β cells are "rested" by reducing endogenous insulin demand have shown promise as a therapeutic strategy that could be applied more broadly. Here, we review recent findings in β cells pertaining to the metabolic amplifying pathway, the unfolded protein response, and potential advances in therapeutics based on β-cell rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kalwat
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Donalyn Scheuner
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Decio L Eizirik
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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12
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Van Rinsveld A, Wens V, Guillaume M, Beuel A, Gevers W, De Tiège X, Content A. Automatic Processing of Numerosity in Human Neocortex Evidenced by Occipital and Parietal Neuromagnetic Responses. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab028. [PMID: 34296173 PMCID: PMC8152830 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and other animal species are endowed with the ability to sense, represent, and mentally manipulate the number of items in a set without needing to count them. One central hypothesis is that this ability relies on an automated functional system dedicated to numerosity, the perception of the discrete numerical magnitude of a set of items. This system has classically been associated with intraparietal regions, however accumulating evidence in favor of an early visual number sense calls into question the functional role of parietal regions in numerosity processing. Targeting specifically numerosity among other visual features in the earliest stages of processing requires high temporal and spatial resolution. We used frequency-tagged magnetoencephalography to investigate the early automatic processing of numerical magnitudes and measured the steady-state brain responses specifically evoked by numerical and other visual changes in the visual scene. The neuromagnetic responses showed implicit discrimination of numerosity, total occupied area, and convex hull. The source reconstruction corresponding to the implicit discrimination responses showed common and separate sources along the ventral and dorsal visual pathways. Occipital sources attested the perceptual salience of numerosity similarly to both other implicitly discriminable visual features. Crucially, we found parietal responses uniquely associated with numerosity discrimination, showing automatic processing of numerosity in the parietal cortex, even when not relevant to the task. Taken together, these results provide further insights into the functional roles of parietal and occipital regions in numerosity encoding along the visual hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Van Rinsveld
- Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI – ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), UNI – ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
- Magnetoencephalography Unit, Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB – Hôpital Erasme, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Guillaume
- Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI – ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Anthony Beuel
- Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI – ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Wim Gevers
- Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI – ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), UNI – ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1070, Belgium
- Magnetoencephalography Unit, Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB – Hôpital Erasme, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Alain Content
- Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI – ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium
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13
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De Groote E, Deldicque L. Is Physical Exercise in Hypoxia an Interesting Strategy to Prevent the Development of Type 2 Diabetes? A Narrative Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3603-3616. [PMID: 34413663 PMCID: PMC8370110 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s322249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired metabolism is becoming one of the main causes of mortality and the identification of strategies to cure those diseases is a major public health concern. A number of therapies are being developed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but few of them focus on situations prior to diabetes. Obesity, aging and insulin resistance are all risk factors, which fortunately can be reversed to some extent. Non-drug interventions, such as exercise, are interesting strategies to prevent the onset of diabetes, but it remains to determine the optimal dose and conditions. In the search of optimizing the effects of physical exercise to prevent T2DM, hypoxic training has emerged as an interesting and original strategy. Several recent studies have chosen to look at the effects of hypoxic training in people at risk of developing T2DM. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to give an overview of all original articles having tested the effects of a single exercise or exercise training in hypoxia on glucose metabolism and other health-related parameters in people at risk of developing T2DM. Taken together, the data on the effects of hypoxic training on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and the health status of people at risk of T2DM are inconclusive. Some studies show that hypoxic training can improve glucose metabolism and the health status to a greater extent than normoxic training, while others do not corroborate the latter. When an additional benefit of hypoxic vs normoxic training is found, it still remains to determine which signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle De Groote
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Correspondence: Louise Deldicque Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin, 1 Box L08.10.01, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, BelgiumTel +32 10 47 44 43 Email
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14
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Szymczak F, Colli ML, Mamula MJ, Evans-Molina C, Eizirik DL. Gene expression signatures of target tissues in type 1 diabetes, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/2/eabd7600. [PMID: 33523973 PMCID: PMC7787485 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are typically studied with a focus on the immune system, and less attention is paid to responses of target tissues exposed to the immune assault. We presently evaluated, based on available RNA sequencing data, whether inflammation induces similar molecular signatures at the target tissues in type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. We identified confluent signatures, many related to interferon signaling, indicating pathways that may be targeted for therapy, and observed a high (>80%) expression of candidate genes for the different diseases at the target tissue level. These observations suggest that future research on autoimmune diseases should focus on both the immune system and the target tissues, and on their dialog. Discovering similar disease-specific signatures may allow the identification of key pathways that could be targeted for therapy, including the repurposing of drugs already in clinical use for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Szymczak
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M L Colli
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - M J Mamula
- Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), Indianapolis, IN, USA
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15
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Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe manifestation of SLE, characterised by subendothelial and/or subepithelial immune complex depositions in the afflicted kidney, resulting in extensive injury and nephron loss during the acute phase and eventually chronic irreversible damage and renal function impairment if not treated effectively. The therapeutic management of LN has improved during the last decades, but the imperative need for consensual outcome measures remains. In order to design trials with success potentiality, it is important to define clinically important short-term and long-term targets of therapeutic and non-therapeutic intervention. While it is known that early response to treatment is coupled with favourable renal outcomes, early predictors of renal function impairment are lacking. The information gleaned from kidney biopsies may provide important insights in this direction. Alas, baseline clinical and histopathological information has not been shown to be informative. By contrast, accumulating evidence of pronounced discrepancies between clinical and histopathological outcomes after the initial phase of immunosuppression has prompted investigations of the potential usefulness of per-protocol repeat kidney biopsies as an integral part of treatment evaluation, including patients showing adequate clinical response. This approach appears to have merit. Hopefully, clinical, molecular or genetic markers that reliably reflect kidney histopathology and portend the long-term prognosis will be identified. Novel non-invasive imaging methods and employment of the evolving artificial intelligence in pattern recognition may also be helpful towards these goals. The molecular and cellular characterisation of SLE and LN will hopefully result in novel therapeutic modalities, maybe new taxonomy perspectives, and ultimately personalised management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Parodis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Farah Tamirou
- Pôle de Pathologies Rhumatismales Inflammatoires et Systémiques, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Rheumatology Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric A Houssiau
- Pôle de Pathologies Rhumatismales Inflammatoires et Systémiques, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Rheumatology Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Bonneville S, Delpomdor F, Préat A, Chevalier C, Araki T, Kazemian M, Steele A, Schreiber A, Wirth R, Benning LG. Molecular identification of fungi microfossils in a Neoproterozoic shale rock. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax7599. [PMID: 32010783 PMCID: PMC6976295 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax7599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Precambrian fossils of fungi are sparse, and the knowledge of their early evolution and the role they played in the colonization of land surface are limited. Here, we report the discovery of fungi fossils in a 810 to 715 million year old dolomitic shale from the Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syngenetically preserved in a transitional, subaerially exposed paleoenvironment, these carbonaceous filaments of ~5 μm in width exhibit low-frequency septation (pseudosepta) and high-angle branching that can form dense interconnected mycelium-like structures. Using an array of microscopic (SEM, TEM, and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy) and spectroscopic techniques (Raman, FTIR, and XANES), we demonstrated the presence of vestigial chitin in these fossil filaments and document the eukaryotic nature of their precursor. Based on those combined evidences, these fossil filaments and mycelium-like structures are identified as remnants of fungal networks and represent the oldest, molecularly identified remains of Fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bonneville
- Biogéochimie et Modélisation du Système Terre, Département Géosciences, Environnement et Société, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Av. F. D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - F. Delpomdor
- Illinois State Geological Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 615 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - A. Préat
- Biogéochimie et Modélisation du Système Terre, Département Géosciences, Environnement et Société, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Av. F. D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - C. Chevalier
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 12 rue des professeurs Jeener et Brachet, Charleroi 6041, Belgium
| | - T. Araki
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - M. Kazemian
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - A. Steele
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1530 P St NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - A. Schreiber
- German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R. Wirth
- German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - L. G. Benning
- German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, Free University of Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Oprea A, Bonnet NCG, Pollé O, Lysy PA. Novel insights into glucocorticoid replacement therapy for pediatric and adult adrenal insufficiency. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2019; 10:2042018818821294. [PMID: 30746120 PMCID: PMC6360643 DOI: 10.1177/2042018818821294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenal insufficiency is defined as impaired adrenocortical hormone synthesis. According to its source, the deficit is classified as primary (adrenal steroidogenesis impairment), secondary (pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone deficit) or tertiary (hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone deficit). The management of adrenal insufficiency resides primarily in physiological replacement of glucocorticoid secretion. Standard glucocorticoid therapy is shrouded in several controversies. Along the difficulties arising from the inability to accurately replicate the pulsatile circadian cortisol rhythm, come the uncertainties of dose adjustment and treatment monitoring (absence of reliable biomarkers). Furthermore, side effects of inadequate replacement significantly hinder the quality of life of patients. Therefore, transition to circadian hydrocortisone therapy gains prominence. Recent therapeutic advancements consist of oral hydrocortisone modified-release compounds (immediate, delayed and sustained absorption formulations) or continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion. In addition to illustrating the current knowledge on conventional glucocorticoid regimens, this review outlines the latest research outcomes. We also describe the management of pediatric patients and suggest a novel strategy for glucocorticoid replacement therapy in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Oprea
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas C. G. Bonnet
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Pollé
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe A. Lysy
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Pôle PEDI, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Av. Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Tlidi M, Clerc MG, Escaff D, Couteron P, Messaoudi M, Khaffou M, Makhoute A. Observation and modelling of vegetation spirals and arcs in isotropic environmental conditions: dissipative structures in arid landscapes. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 376:rsta.2018.0026. [PMID: 30420548 PMCID: PMC6232604 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time on the formation of spirals like vegetation patterns in isotropic and uniform environmental conditions. The vegetation spirals are not waves and they do not rotate. They belong to the class of dissipative structures found out of equilibrium. Isolated or interacting spirals and arcs observed in South America (Bolivia) and North Africa (Morocco) are interpreted as a result of curvature instability that affects the circular shape of localized patches. The biomass exhibits a dynamical behaviour with arcs that transform into spirals. Interpretation of observations and of the predictions provided by the theory is illustrated by recent measurements of peculiar plant morphology (the alfa plant, or Stipa tenacissima L.) originated from northwestern Africa and the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula.This article is part of the theme issue 'Dissipative structures in matter out of equilibrium: from chemistry, photonics and biology (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tlidi
- Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), CP. 231, Campus Plaine, Bruxelles, 1050 Belgium
| | - M G Clerc
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 487-3, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Escaff
- Complex Systems Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Alvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Couteron
- AMAP, IRD, CIRADm CNRS INRA, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M Messaoudi
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Moulay Ismail, Dynamique des Systemes Complexes et Simulation Numérique, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknès, Morocco
| | - M Khaffou
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Moulay Ismail, Dynamique des Systemes Complexes et Simulation Numérique, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknès, Morocco
| | - A Makhoute
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Moulay Ismail, Dynamique des Systemes Complexes et Simulation Numérique, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknès, Morocco
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19
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Grieco FA, Sebastiani G, Juan-Mateu J, Villate O, Marroqui L, Ladrière L, Tugay K, Regazzi R, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Dotta F, Eizirik DL. MicroRNAs miR-23a-3p, miR-23b-3p, and miR-149-5p Regulate the Expression of Proapoptotic BH3-Only Proteins DP5 and PUMA in Human Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes 2017; 66:100-112. [PMID: 27737950 PMCID: PMC5204315 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease leading to β-cell destruction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression and organ formation. They participate in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, but the nature of miRNAs contributing to β-cell death in T1D and their target genes remain to be clarified. We performed an miRNA expression profile on human islet preparations exposed to the cytokines IL-1β plus IFN-γ. Confirmation of miRNA and target gene modification in human β-cells was performed by real-time quantitative PCR. Single-stranded miRNAs inhibitors were used to block selected endogenous miRNAs. Cell death was measured by Hoechst/propidium iodide staining and activation of caspase-3. Fifty-seven miRNAs were detected as modulated by cytokines. Three of them, namely miR-23a-3p, miR-23b-3p, and miR-149-5p, were downregulated by cytokines and selected for further studies. These miRNAs were found to regulate the expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins DP5 and PUMA and consequent human β-cell apoptosis. These results identify a novel cross talk between a key family of miRNAs and proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in human pancreatic β-cells, broadening our understanding of cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis in early T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Arturo Grieco
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Umberto Di Mario ONLUS Foundation-Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Jonas Juan-Mateu
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olatz Villate
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Marroqui
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Ladrière
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ksenya Tugay
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Umberto Di Mario ONLUS Foundation-Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Décio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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