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Dunican I, Eastwood P, Murray K, Caldwell J, Reale R. The effect of water loading for acute weight loss following fluid restriction on sleep quality and quantity in combat sports athletes. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anton G, Badhrees I, Barbeau PS, Beck D, Belov V, Bhatta T, Breidenbach M, Brunner T, Cao GF, Cen WR, Chambers C, Cleveland B, Coon M, Craycraft A, Daniels T, Danilov M, Darroch L, Daugherty SJ, Davis J, Delaquis S, Der Mesrobian-Kabakian A, DeVoe R, Dilling J, Dolgolenko A, Dolinski MJ, Echevers J, Fairbank W, Fairbank D, Farine J, Feyzbakhsh S, Fierlinger P, Fudenberg D, Gautam P, Gornea R, Gratta G, Hall C, Hansen EV, Hoessl J, Hufschmidt P, Hughes M, Iverson A, Jamil A, Jessiman C, Jewell MJ, Johnson A, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Koffas T, Krücken R, Kuchenkov A, Kumar KS, Lan Y, Larson A, Lenardo BG, Leonard DS, Li GS, Li S, Li Z, Licciardi C, Lin YH, MacLellan R, McElroy T, Michel T, Mong B, Moore DC, Murray K, Njoya O, Nusair O, Odian A, Ostrovskiy I, Piepke A, Pocar A, Retière F, Robinson AL, Rowson PC, Ruddell D, Runge J, Schmidt S, Sinclair D, Soma AK, Stekhanov V, Tarka M, Todd J, Tolba T, Totev TI, Veenstra B, Veeraraghavan V, Vogel P, Vuilleumier JL, Wagenpfeil M, Watkins J, Weber M, Wen LJ, Wichoski U, Wrede G, Wu SX, Xia Q, Yahne DR, Yang L, Yen YR, Zeldovich OY, Ziegler T. Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay with the Complete EXO-200 Dataset. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:161802. [PMID: 31702371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.161802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A search for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) in ^{136}Xe is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset using a deep neural network to discriminate between 0νββ and background events. Relative to previous analyses, the signal detection efficiency has been raised from 80.8% to 96.4±3.0%, and the energy resolution of the detector at the Q value of ^{136}Xe 0νββ has been improved from σ/E=1.23% to 1.15±0.02% with the upgraded detector. Accounting for the new data, the median 90% confidence level 0νββ half-life sensitivity for this analysis is 5.0×10^{25} yr with a total ^{136}Xe exposure of 234.1 kg yr. No statistically significant evidence for 0νββ is observed, leading to a lower limit on the 0νββ half-life of 3.5×10^{25} yr at the 90% confidence level.
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Arévalo Camargo J, Murray K, Warriner K, Lubitz W. Characterization of efficacy and flow in a commercial scale forced air ozone reactor for decontamination of apples. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lam W, Nowak A, Chen F, Muruganandan S, Arunachalam S, Chin M, Millward M, Read C, Murray K, Creaney J, Lee Y. MA23.01 Phase II Trial of an Oral FGFR Inhibitor AZD4547 as Second or Third Line Therapy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Final Results of FRAME Study. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bondonno N, Murray K, Bondonno CP, Lewis JR, Croft KD, Kyro C, Gislason G, Tjonneland A, Scalbert A, Cassidy A, Piccini JP, Overvad K, Dalgaard F. P3783A higher habitual flavonoid intake is associated with a lower risk of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Our understanding of how diet affects future risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) is limited. Evidence suggests that higher habitual intakes of flavonoids, bio-active compounds found in plant-based foods and beverages, lower cardiovascular disease risk, attenuate inflammation, and may have anti-arrhythmic properties.
Purpose
To investigate the association between flavonoid intake and clinically apparent AF in a large cohort of Danish men and women.
Methods
Baseline data from 55 634 participants without AF of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study, recruited from 1993 to 1997, were cross-linked with Danish nationwide registries. Flavonoid intake was calculated from validated food frequency questionnaires using the Phenol-Explorer database. Associations between flavonoid intake and AF hospitalisation were examined using restricted cubic splines based on Cox proportional hazards models with adjustments for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol intake, income, and hyperthyroidism.
Results
After a median [IQR] follow-up of 21 [18–22] years, 6 301 participants were hospitalised with AF. Non-linear associations were observed for total flavonoid intake and for all flavonoid sub-classes. For total flavonoid intake, after adjusting for potential lifestyle confounders and compared to participants in quintile 1 (median intake: 173 mg/day), those in quintile 3 (median intake: 320 mg/day) and quintile 4 (median intake: 494 mg/day) had a significantly lower risk of AF, with hazard ratios (95% CI) of 0.93 (0.87, 0.99) and 0.92 (0.86, 0.98), respectively. Compared to median intake in the lowest quintile, a total flavonoid intake of 1000 mg/day was associated with a lower risk of AF in smokers [0.86 (0.77, 0.96)] but not in non-smokers [0.96 (0.88, 1.05)], a lower risk of AF in high alcohol consumers [>20 g/d: 0.84 (0.75, 0.94)] but not in low-to-moderate alcohol consumers [<20 g/d: 0.97 (0.89, 1.06], a trending lower risk of AF in diabetics [0.76 (0.51, 1.14)] but not in non-diabetics [0.95 (0.89, 1.02)], and a trending lower risk of AF in those with ischaemic heart disease [0.84 (0.65, 1.09)] but not in those without [0.96 (0.89, 1.03), Figure 1].
Figure 1
Conclusion
We observed an inverse association between total flavonoid intake and AF, most notably in sub-populations with known lifestyle and disease risk factors for AF. This finding warrants investigation in randomised controlled trials. If confirmed, ensuring the adequate consumption of flavonoid-rich foods, particularly in individuals “at risk”, may be an important strategy to mitigate AF risk.
Acknowledgement/Funding
The Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study was funded by the Danish Cancer Society.
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Weber C, Hung J, Hickling S, Nedkoff L, Murray K, Li I, Briffa T. P3787Incidence, risk predictors, and mortality risk of new heart failure in an incident hospitalised atrial fibrillation cohort: a Western Australia population-based study, 2000–2010. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a risk factor for heart failure (HF) and new HF onset is associated with increased mortality.
Purpose
To determine the incidence, risk predictors and mortality risk of a new HF hospitalisation event in patients after incident AF hospital admission.
Methods
This was a contemporary, population-based retrospective cohort study which included all Western Australian residents, aged 25 to 94 years, who survived an incident hospitalisation for AF, between 2000 and 2010. Patients hospitalised with AF that had no previous AF or HF hospitalisations up to 15 years beforehand were identified. Time to first-ever HF hospitalisation in the three years following incident AF was assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods, accounting for all-cause death as a competing risk. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine independent predictors of HF. The association of first HF with subsequent survival was estimated using a time-dependent HF variable with other risk covariates in a proportional hazards model.
Results
The cohort comprised of 34 999 patients, 56.8% male, with a mean age of 71.0 (SD 13.1) years. Females were on average 6 years older than males (P<0.001). Among the cohort, 20.4% had died from any cause at 3-year follow-up. The cumulative incidence of a first HF hospitalisation event at 3 years (n=4298), after accounting for death as a competing risk, was 12.3% (95% CI 11.9%-12.6%). Most HF hospitalisations (56.2%) occurred within the first year after incident AF admission (median of 279 days; IQR 64–649 days). Of the incident HF hospitalisations, 88.9% were an emergency admission. Independent predictors of an increased risk of HF hospitalisation included older age and a history of hypertension, diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, valvular heart disease, and chronic kidney disease (all P<0.0001). Incident AF patients who were hospitalised for first HF had an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.89 (95% CI; 2.71–3.08) for all-cause mortality (P<0.0001).
Conclusion
Hospitalisation for HF is a frequent and troublesome problem in patients after incident AF admission, and is independently associated with increased risk of mortality. The clinical predictors of new HF occurrence highlight the importance of assessment and comprehensive management of associated risk factors and comorbid diseases in order to prevent HF morbidity and mortality in AF patients.
Acknowledgement/Funding
NHMRC CRECOI Scholarship
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Trentino KM, Leahy MF, Sanfilippo FM, Farmer SL, Hofmann A, Mace H, Murray K. Associations of nadir haemoglobin level and red blood cell transfusion with mortality and length of stay in surgical specialties: a retrospective cohort study. Anaesthesia 2019; 74:726-734. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Tuson M, Yap M, Kok MR, Murray K, Turlach B, Whyatt D. Incorporating geography into a new generalized theoretical and statistical framework addressing the modifiable areal unit problem. Int J Health Geogr 2019; 18:6. [PMID: 30917821 PMCID: PMC6437958 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-019-0170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background All analyses of spatially aggregated data are vulnerable to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), which describes the sensitivity of analytical results to the arbitrary choice of spatial aggregation unit at which data are measured. The MAUP is a serious problem endemic to analyses of spatially aggregated data in all scientific disciplines. However, the impact of the MAUP is rarely considered, perhaps partly because it is still widely considered to be unsolvable. Results It was originally understood that a solution to the MAUP should constitute a comprehensive statistical framework describing the regularities in estimates of association observed at different combinations of spatial scale and zonation. Additionally, it has been debated how such a solution should incorporate the geographical characteristics of areal units (e.g. shape, size, and configuration), and in particular whether this can be achieved in a purely mathematical framework (i.e. independent of areal units). We argue that the consideration of areal units must form part of a solution to the MAUP, since the MAUP only manifests in their presence. Thus, we present a theoretical and statistical framework that incorporates the characteristics of areal units by combining estimates obtained from different scales and zonations. We show that associations estimated at scales larger than a minimal geographical unit of analysis are systematically biased from a true minimal-level effect, with different zonations generating uniquely biased estimates. Therefore, it is fundamentally erroneous to infer conclusions based on data that are spatially aggregated beyond the minimal level. Instead, researchers should measure and display information, estimate effects, and infer conclusions at the smallest possible meaningful geographical scale. The framework we develop facilitates this. Conclusions The proposed framework represents a new minimum standard in the estimation of associations using spatially aggregated data, and a reference point against which previous findings and misconceptions related to the MAUP can be understood. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12942-019-0170-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Jenkinson MD, Watts C, Marson AG, Hill R, Murray K, Vale L, Bulbeck H, Grant R. TM1-1 Seizure prophylaxis in gliomas (SPRING): a phase III randomised controlled trial comparing prophylactic levetiracetam versus no prophylactic anti-epileptic drug in glioma surgery. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesThere is no consensus regarding the need for prophylactic anti-epileptic drug (AED) in seizure-naive newly-diagnosed glioma patients. Data regarding prophylactic AED use are scant and inconclusive from older, small studies that enrolled patients with brain metastases, benign tumours and gliomas. A definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) is needed to determine whether the policy of prophylactic AED therapy reduces the risk of first seizures in this population.DesignMulti-centre RCT.SubjectsInclusion criteria: i. seizure-naive, ii. supratentorial glioma suitable for surgery (biopsy/resection), iii. age ≥16 years; iv. Karnofsky performance status >60.MethodsPatients are randomised 1:1. Levetiracetam 500 mg bd for 2 weeks, increased to 750 mg bd thereafter for 1 year. Non-blinded. No placebo. Primary Outcome: one year risk of first seizure. Secondary outcomes: time to first seizure, time to first tonic-clonic seizure, mood, fatigue, quality of life, progression free survival, overall survival and incremental cost per QALY. Estimate of 1 year seizure rate in glioma after surgery is 20%. Based on a reduction in seizure rate to 10% a total of 806 patients will be recruited.ResultsGrant awarded by NIHR. Feasibility questionnaire demonstrated prophylactic AED rarely used. Neurosurgeons willing to randomise. 15 UK centres have expressed interest in participating.ConclusionsSPRING will establish class I evidence for the use of seizure prophylaxis in glioma surgery. The trial will open to recruitment in January 2019.
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Staben O, Infurna F, Murray K, Hall J. EXAMINING THE CONNECTION AMONG OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT WITH DAILY STRESSORS AND WELL-BEING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy031.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Major G, Murray K, Singh G, Nowak A, Hoad CL, Marciani L, Silos-Santiago A, Kurtz CB, Johnston JM, Gowland P, Spiller R. Demonstration of differences in colonic volumes, transit, chyme consistency, and response to psyllium between healthy and constipated subjects using magnetic resonance imaging. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13400. [PMID: 30062794 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In functional gastrointestinal disorders a lack of objective biomarkers limits evaluation of underlying mechanisms. We aimed to demonstrate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging for this task using psyllium, an effective constipation treatment, in patients and controls. METHODS Two crossover studies: (i) adults without constipation (controls, n = 9) took three treatments in randomized order for 6 days - maltodextrin (placebo), psyllium 3.5 g t.d.s and 7 g t.d.s., (ii) adults with chronic constipation (patients, n = 20) took placebo and psyllium 7 g t.d.s. for 6 days. MRI was performed fasting and postprandially on day 6. Measurements included small bowel and ascending colon water content, colonic volume, transit time, and MR relaxometry (T1, T2) to assess colonic chyme. Stool water percentage was measured. RESULTS 7 g psyllium t.d.s. increased fasting colonic volumes in controls from median 372 mL (IQR 284-601) to 578 mL (IQR 510-882), and in patients from median 831 mL (IQR 745-934) to 1104 mL (847-1316), P < .05. Mean postprandial small bowel water was higher in controls and patients after 7 g psyllium t.d.s. vs placebo. Whole gut transit was slower in patients than controls (P < .05). T1 of the descending colon chyme (fasting) was lower in patients (213 ms, 176-420) than controls (440 ms, 352-884, P < .05) on placebo, but increased by 7 g psyllium t.d.s. (590 ms, 446-1338), P < .001. Descending colon T1 correlated with baseline stool water content and stool frequency on treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES MRI measurements can objectively demonstrate the mode of action of therapy targeting intestinal fluid content in constipation.
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Fragkos K, Murray K, Obbard S, Shepherd T, Barragry J, Nwaogu A, Rogers J, Ajibodu S, Keane N, Patel P, MacRae M, Mehta S, Di Caro S, Rahman F. Risk factors for catheter related bloodstream infections in patients on home parenteral nutrition: An audit from a tertiary center in 2017. Clin Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wang D, Huber A, Dunfield K, Murray K, Wu F, Warriner K. Comparative persistence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in loam or sandy loam soil amended with bovine or swine manure. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:979-991. [PMID: 30148968 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fate of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in swine or dairy manure amended into sandy loam or loam soil under field conditions was studied. Soil was amended with manure inoculated with a Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 cocktail, then transferred to 0.22 μm pore size membrane walled vials. The vials were then placed on the surface or at 15 cm depth in the test plots. Pathogen numbers, soil moisture, rainfall, and temperature were measured throughout the three trials (20-47 weeks duration) representing spring or fall application. Survival curves were characterized by having an initial rapid decline in pathogen numbers followed by a slower inactivation phase with an occasional increase in culturable cells. The CT99.9 values (time to reach a 3 log CFU reduction) varied from 2 to 120 days, with the most rapid decrease being observed on the surface of sandy loam soil. The persistence of pathogens is primarily governed by variations in moisture and temperature, although season of application along with manure and soil type also contribute. To generate more accurate predictive pathogen models, there is a need for laboratory-based trials to mirror the dynamic variation in temperature and soil moisture encountered within the natural environment.
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Chacko B, Murray K, Whitley M, Beckmann U, Rowley M. In reply. Anaesth Intensive Care 2018; 46:425. [PMID: 29966118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Vromans L, Schweitzer RD, Farrell L, Correa-Velez I, Brough M, Murray K, Lenette C. 'Her cry is my cry': resettlement experiences of refugee women at risk recently resettled in Australia. Public Health 2018; 158:149-155. [PMID: 29631727 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Refugee women entering resettlement countries on woman-at-risk visas represent a particularly vulnerable population. While their specific gender-based resettlement will likely differ from the general refugee population, little is known about their experiences of early resettlement, with which to inform resettlement policy and practice. This research aimed to explore lived experiences of recently resettled refugee women at risk in Australia. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative research used focus groups and a framework approach to identify and explicate common themes in participants' experience. METHODS Two focus groups with a purposive sample of African and Afghan refugee women at risk (N = 10), aged 22-53 years, were conducted in South East Queensland, Australia (October 2016), recruited with the assistance of a local resettlement service. Discussions were audiotaped, transcribed, and themes explicated. RESULTS Six superordinate themes emerged: (1) sentiment of gratitude; (2) sense of loneliness and disconnection; (3) feeling incapable; (4) experiencing distress and help-seeking; (5) experiencing financial hardship; and (6) anticipating the future. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that resettlement policy, programs, and practice that explicitly target the needs of women-at-risk refugees are warranted, including a longer period of active service provision with specific attention to strategies that address the women's social connection, self-efficacy, emotional well-being, and financial hardships.
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Shepherd T, Ballal H, Hunt C, Bharat C, Murray K, Kamyab R, Saunders C. P5 Arm morbidity: Is there a difference if completion axillary dissection is undertaken in the same procedure as sentinel node biopsy or as a second operation? Breast 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Schwarz KB, Wirth S, Rosenthal P, Gonzalez-Peralta R, Murray K, Henry L, Hunt S. Quality of life in adolescents with hepatitis C treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:354-362. [PMID: 29193603 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic HCV infection has been associated with impairment of HRQL in both adults and paediatric patients. Our aim was to assess the HRQL of HCV-positive children treated with SOF + RBV. The data for this post hoc analysis were collected in a phase 2 open-label multinational study that evaluated safety and efficacy of SOF (400 mg/day) plus RBV (weight-based up to 1400 mg/day) for 12 or 24 weeks in adolescents with chronic HCV (GS-US-334-1112). Patients and their parents/guardians completed the PedsQL-4.0-SF-15 questionnaire at baseline, at the end of treatment and in post-treatment follow-up. We included 50 adolescents with HCV genotype 2 and 3 without cirrhosis (14.8 ± 1.9 years; male: 58%; treatment-naïve: 82%; vertically transmitted HCV: 70%). After treatment, 100% of patients with HCV genotype 2 and 95% with genotype 3 achieved SVR-12. During treatment with SOF + RBV, there were no significant decrements in any of patients' self-reported or parent-proxy-reported PRO scores regardless of treatment duration (all P > .05). After treatment cessation, we recorded a statistically significant improvement in patients' self-reported Social Functioning score by post-treatment week 12: on average, +4.8 points on a 0-100 scale (P = .02). By post-treatment week 24, parent-proxy-reported School Functioning score increased by, on average, +13.0 points (P = .0065). In multivariate analysis, history of abdominal pain and psychiatric disorders were predictive of impaired HRQL in adolescents with HCV (P < .05). Adolescents with HCV do not seem to experience any HRQL decrement during treatment with SOF + RBV and experience some improvement of their HRQL scores after achieving SVR.
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Pusceddu MM, Murray K, Gareau MG. Targeting the Microbiota, from Irritable Bowel Syndrome to Mood Disorders: Focus on Probiotics and Prebiotics. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 6:1-13. [PMID: 29785336 PMCID: PMC5958897 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The crosstalk between the gut and the brain has revealed a complex communication system responsible for maintaining a proper gastrointestinal homeostasis as well as affect emotional mood and cognitive functions. Recent research has revealed that beneficial manipulation of the microbiota by probiotics and prebiotics represent an emerging and novel strategy for the treatment of a large spectrum of diseases ranging from visceral pain to mood disorders. The review critically evaluates current knowledge of the effects exerted by both probiotics and prebiotics in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. RECENT FINDINGS Relevant literature was identified through a search of MEDLINE via PubMed using the following words, "probiotics", "prebiotics", "microbiota", and "gut-brain axis" in combination with "stress", "depression", "IBS", and "anxiety". A number of trials have shown efficacy of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating both IBS related symptoms and emotional states. However, limitations have been found especially due to the small number of clinical studies, studies design, patient sample size, and placebo effect. SUMMARY Nonetheless, current finding supports the view that beneficial manipulation of the microbiota through both probiotics and prebiotics intake represents a novel attractive strategy to treat gut-brain axis disorders such as IBS and depression.
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Chacko B, Whitley M, Beckmann U, Murray K, Rowley M. Postoperative Euglycaemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated with Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (Gliflozins): A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature. Anaesth Intensive Care 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1804600212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i)-associated euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) is a serious and increasingly recognised complication of treatment with this class of oral hypoglycaemic agents and can present a diagnostic challenge, resulting in delayed recognition, inappropriate treatment and potentially life-threatening acidosis. We present two cases of patients developing SGLT2i-associated euDKA in the early postoperative period. We support ceasing SGLT2i for 72 hours preoperatively and would suggest continuing to withhold the medication until oral intake is restored, and recommend a wider awareness of SGLT2i-associated diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) amongst patients and their healthcare providers with an emphasis on checking ketone levels irrespective of blood glucose levels in the postoperative setting.
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Murray K, Moyer P, Wu F, Goyette JB, Warriner K. Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on and within Apples Destined for Caramel Apple Production by Using Sequential Forced Air Ozone Gas Followed by a Continuous Advanced Oxidative Process Treatment. J Food Prot 2018; 81:357-364. [PMID: 29393682 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of using sequential forced air ozone followed by an advanced oxidative process (AOP) treatment to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes on and within Empire apples. The forced air ozone treatment consisted of a reactor that introduced ozone (6 g/h) into an airstream that flowed through an apple bed (ca. 30 cm in depth). Before treatment, the apples were conditioned at 4°C to ensure that condensate had formed before the apples were transferred to the reactor. The condensate ensured sufficient relative humidity to enhance the antimicrobial action of ozone. Air was passed through the apple bed at 9.3 m/s, and the ozone was introduced after 10 min. The ozone concentration measured after exiting the apple bed reached a steady state of 23 ppm. A 20-min ozone treatment supported a 2.12- to 3.07-log CFU reduction of L. monocytogenes, with no significant effect of apple position within the bed. The AOP-based method was a continuous process whereby hydrogen peroxide was introduced as a vapor into a reactor illuminated by UV-C and ozone-emitting lamps that collectively generated hydroxyl radicals. Operating the AOP reactor with UV-C light (54-mJ cm2 dose), 6% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide, 2 g/h ozone, and a chamber temperature of 48°C resulted in a 3-log CFU reduction of L. monocytogenes on the surface of the apples and internally within the scar tissue. Applying a caramel coating, from a molten solution (at 80°C), resulted in a 0.5-log CFU reduction of L. monocytogenes on the apple surface. In apples treated with the sequential process, L. monocytogenes could only be recovered sporadically by enrichment and did not undergo outgrowth when the caramel apples were stored at 22°C for 19 days. However, growth of L. monocytogenes within the core, but not the surface, was observed from caramel apples prepared from nontreated control fruit.
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Manderson AA, Murray K, Turlach BA. Dynamic Bayesian forecasting of AFL match results using the Skellam distribution. AUST NZ J STAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/anzs.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Seidler PM, Boyer DR, Rodriguez JA, Sawaya MR, Cascio D, Murray K, Gonen T, Eisenberg DS. Structure-based inhibitors of tau aggregation. Nat Chem 2018; 10:170-176. [PMID: 29359764 PMCID: PMC5784779 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aggregated tau protein is associated with over 20 neurological disorders, which include Alzheimer's disease. Previous work has shown that tau's sequence segments VQIINK and VQIVYK drive its aggregation, but inhibitors based on the structure of the VQIVYK segment only partially inhibit full-length tau aggregation and are ineffective at inhibiting seeding by full-length fibrils. Here we show that the VQIINK segment is the more powerful driver of tau aggregation. Two structures of this segment determined by the cryo-electron microscopy method micro-electron diffraction explain its dominant influence on tau aggregation. Of practical significance, the structures lead to the design of inhibitors that not only inhibit tau aggregation but also inhibit the ability of exogenous full-length tau fibrils to seed intracellular tau in HEK293 biosensor cells into amyloid. We also raise the possibility that the two VQIINK structures represent amyloid polymorphs of tau that may account for a subset of prion-like strains of tau.
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Manderson AA, Cripps E, Murray K, Turlach BA. Monotone polynomials using BUGS and Stan. AUST NZ J STAT 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/anzs.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Keane N, Fragkos K, Patel P, Murray K, Obbard S, Ajibodu S, O’callaghan S, Kwok H, Paulon E, Barragry J, Mehta S, Di Caro S, Rahman F. MON-P096: Biochemical Measurements as a Predictor of Survival in Patients with Incurable Cancers Receiving Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN). Clin Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(17)30987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Allen T, Murray K, Zambrana-Torrelio C, Morse S, Rondinini C, di Marco M, Olival K, Daszak P. Corrigendum to “Global correlates of emerging zoonoses: Anthropogenic, environmental, and biodiversity risk factors” [Int. J. Infect. Dis. 53 (Supplement) (December 2016) 21]. Int J Infect Dis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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