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Kopp R, Stratton K, Glogowski E, Schrader K, Rau-Murthy R, Russo P, Coleman J, Offit K. MP36-06 UTILITY OF PROSPECTIVE PATHOLOGIC EVALUATION TO INFORM CLINICAL GENETIC TESTING FOR HEREDITARY LEIOMYOMATOSIS AND RENAL CELL CARCINOMA. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Southey MC, Park DJ, Nguyen-Dumont T, Campbell I, Thompson E, Trainer AH, Chenevix-Trench G, Simard J, Dumont M, Soucy P, Thomassen M, Jønson L, Pedersen IS, Hansen TVO, Nevanlinna H, Khan S, Sinilnikova O, Mazoyer S, Lesueur F, Damiola F, Schmutzler R, Meindl A, Hahnen E, Dufault MR, Chris Chan TL, Kwong A, Barkardóttir R, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Devilee P, Hilbers F, Benitez J, Kvist A, Törngren T, Easton D, Hunter D, Lindstrom S, Kraft P, Zheng W, Gao YT, Long J, Ramus S, Feng BJ, Weitzel JN, Nathanson K, Offit K, Joseph V, Robson M, Schrader K, Wang SM, Kim YC, Lynch H, Snyder C, Tavtigian S, Neuhausen S, Couch FJ, Goldgar DE. COMPLEXO: identifying the missing heritability of breast cancer via next generation collaboration. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:402. [PMID: 23809231 PMCID: PMC3706918 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Linkage analysis, positional cloning, candidate gene mutation scanning and genome-wide association study approaches have all contributed significantly to our understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of breast cancer. Taken together, these approaches have identified genetic variation that explains approximately 30% of the overall familial risk of breast cancer, implying that more, and likely rarer, genetic susceptibility alleles remain to be discovered.
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Schrader K, Offit K, Stadler ZK. Genetic testing in gastrointestinal cancers: a case-based approach. ONCOLOGY (WILLISTON PARK, N.Y.) 2012; 26:433-6, 438, 444-6 passim. [PMID: 22730601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High-risk genetic mutations that predispose individuals to various gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for only about 5% of the population burden of these diseases. However, because early identification of at-risk individuals can so dramatically affect primary disease prevention, it is imperative that families who harbor susceptibility to these cancers be identified. The benefits of determining an underlying genetic susceptibility are important both for an individual patient's ongoing management and for his or her family, where early identification of at-risk persons, along with the adoption of frequent cancer screenings and/or prophylactic risk-reduction surgeries, can have dramatic life-prolonging benefits. In this article, we use a case-based approach to focus on the hereditary aspects of the most common GI cancers, including pancreatic, gastric, and colon cancer.
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Richert S, Schrader A, Schrader K. Transdermal delivery of two antioxidants from different cosmetic formulations. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 25:5-13. [PMID: 18494876 DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2003.00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of any cosmetic product containing a functional ingredient is determined by the skin delivery of the active molecule, which is influenced by the type of the vehicle and the molecule itself. This study was designed to compare the percutaneous absorption habits of the antioxidants carcinine and lipoic acid out of various formulations by means of the porcine skin model. Initial evaluation of the in vitro porcine skin model has demonstrated its feasibility for various substances and formulations [1, 2]. Increasing legal requirements for risk assessment in the cosmetic industry have led to the development of this alternative test method. The penetration properties are determined by the OECD Guideline TG 428: Skin Absorption: in vitro Method [3, 4], which allows the use of porcine skin for penetration studies. Porcine skin is used because of its similarity to human skin in terms of its morphology and the essential permeation characteristics [5]. The mass balances for each tested formulation type of the antioxidants show individual penetration behaviours with significant differences. The presented data plainly demonstrate that the lipophilic lipoic acid has a distinct higher penetration potential than the hydrophilic carcinine. The chosen vehicle can enhance or reduce the transdermal delivery of both tested antioxidants. Modern effective cosmetic formulations will work only, if the active ingredients penetrate into the epidermis. In conclusion, the correct selection of a suitable formulation plays an important role during product development.
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the world's leading causes of cancer mortality. A small percentage of cases can be attributed to heritable mutations in highly penetrant cancer susceptibility genes. In this chapter we will focus on the genetic cause of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Until 10 years ago, individuals from these families lived with the uncertainty of developing lethal gastric cancer. Today, HDGC families can be identified, tested for causative mutations in CDH1, and for those families where a pathogenic mutation can be identified, prophylactic total gastrectomy can be implemented in asymptomatic mutation carriers who elect to virtually eliminate their risk of developing this lethal disease.
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Borcherding K, Hoffmann W, Lorenzen P, Schrader K. Effect of milk homogenisation and foaming temperature on properties and microstructure of foams from pasteurised whole milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gramdorf S, Schrader K, Hermann S, Kraume M. Einsatz der Emulgiertechnik zur Erzeugung fester Lipidnanopartikel. CHEM-ING-TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200750635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schrader K, Masciari S, Boyd N, Senz J, Kaurah P, Terry MB, John E, Andrulis IL, Knight J, O'Malley FP, Daly M, Bender P, Southey MC, Hopper JL, Garber J, Huntsman DG. THE ASSOCIATION OF LOBULAR BREAST CANCER WITH GERMLINE MUTATIONS OF CDH1. CLIN INVEST MED 2008. [DOI: 10.25011/cim.v31i4.4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: CDH1 encodes the cell-cell adhesion molecule, E-cadherin, for which loss of expression facilitates the infiltrative and metastatic potential of cancers. Germline mutations in CDH1 are associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), and in this setting female carriers have been estimated to have a 39-50% risk of lobular breast cancer (LBC) by age 80 years.
Aim: To determine the frequency of CDH1 germline mutations inindividuals with early-onset LBC or those with LBC and a family history of multiple breast cancers but no gastric cancers.
Methods: Germline DNA analysis of CDH1 in women with LBC, for whom germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have been excluded, who have been (1) diagnosed before the age of 45 years or (2) diagnosed at any age and have a family history of breast cancer.
Results: Analysis of 194 LBC cases has thus far revealed two novel missense mutations predicted to affect protein function. Functional assays to assess their pathogenicity along with germline analyses of the remaining 200 cases are currently underway. Several unreported silent changes have also been identified and will be measured in a case- control sample to assess whether they are associated with LBC risk.
Conclusion: Germline CDH1 mutations may cause a small proportion of familial and early onset LBC.
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Borcherding K, Lorenzen P, Hoffmann W, Schrader K. Effect of foaming temperature and varying time/temperature-conditions of pre-heating on the foaming properties of skimmed milk. Int Dairy J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Grolle B, von der Wense A, Schrader K, Henne T, Riedel F, Kunkel P, Stücker R. Atemregulationsstörung bei Achondroplasie – ein interdisziplinäres Problem. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-983230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Manoharan A, Kiefer T, Leist S, Schrader K, Urban C, Walter D, Maurer U, Borner C. Identification of a 'genuine' mammalian homolog of nematodal CED-4: is the hunt over or do we need better guns? Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:1310-7. [PMID: 16691212 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Karlsson AO, Ipsen R, Schrader K, Ardö Y. Relationship Between Physical Properties of Casein Micelles and Rheology of Skim Milk Concentrate. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88:3784-97. [PMID: 16230684 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)73064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The properties of casein micelles in milk concentrates are of interest for the use of ultrafiltered (UF) skim milk concentrates in dairy products, and for the general understanding of colloidal stability and behavior of the casein micelle. The rheological behavior of UF skim milk concentrate with a casein concentration of 19.5% (wt/wt) was investigated at different pH and NaCl concentrations by analyzing flow viscometry and small amplitude oscillatory shear measurements. Viscometric flow curves were fitted to the Carreau-Yasuda model with the aim of determining values for the viscosity at infinite high shear rates and thereby estimate the voluminosity of the casein micelles (nu(casein)) in the UF concentrate. The voluminosity of the casein micelles increased with addition of NaCl and decreased when pH was decreased from 6.5 to 5.5. At pH 5.2, nu(casein) increased because of acid-induced aggregation of the casein micelles. The changes in nu(casein) could be interpreted from transmission electron microscopy of freeze-fractured samples of the UF concentrate and partly from dynamic light scattering measurements. Altered interactions between casein micelles due to different pH and NaCl concentrations are proposed to occur due to collapse of the kappa-casein layer, changed ionic strength, and altered distance between casein micelles.
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Breitbach-Faller N, Schrader K, Rating D, Wunsch R. Ultrasound findings in follow-up investigations in a case of aspartoacylase deficiency (canavan disease). Neuropediatrics 2003; 34:96-9. [PMID: 12776232 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-39601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aspartoacylase deficiency is a neurodegenerative disease which typically starts in the first months of life with muscular hypotonia and developmental standstill. One of the first diagnostic procedures in this situation is an ultrasound of the brain. There is little information available about sonographic changes in Canavan disease. We present for the first time an ultrasound follow-up in a proven case of aspartoacylase deficiency from 3 weeks to 22 months. High echogenicity of the white matter was present in the neonatal period. Additional sonographic phenomena resulting in a characteristic pattern were shown in further investigations. The distinctive sonomorphology is compared to a few other cases in the literature. The correlation to the neuropathological course of the white matter changes is discussed. Recognition of the sonographic features in addition to the clinical presentation may contribute to an effective biochemical work-up.
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Tellez M, Estell R, Fredrickson E, Powell J, Wedge D, Schrader K, Kobaisy M. Extracts of Flourensia cernua (L): volatile constituents and antifungal, antialgal, and antitermite bioactivities. J Chem Ecol 2001; 27:2263-73. [PMID: 11817080 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012283005014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemical components of tarbush (Flourensia cernua) leaves were fractionated by extracting successively with hexanes, diethyl ether, and ethanol. Volatile profiles of each fraction were identified by using GC-MS. The hexanes fraction contained mostly monoterpenoids, while the ethanol fraction volatiles were primarily sesquiterpenoids. Crude fractions were tested for activity against fungi, algae, and termites. Application of as little as 1 microg of the essential oil from the hexanes fraction was sufficient to provide visible antifungal activity in bioautography assays. The diethyl ether fraction showed selective activity against the cyanobacterium responsible for the 2-methylisoborneol-induced off-flavor sometimes associated with catfish farming operations. All three fractions exhibited a high degree of antitermite activity.
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Schrader K. Instilling medication into chest tubes. Crit Care Nurse 2001. [DOI: 10.4037/ccn2001.21.3.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Schrader K. Instilling medication into chest tubes. Crit Care Nurse 2001; 21:77-8. [PMID: 11858680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Bohlander SK, Muschinsky V, Schrader K, Siebert R, Schlegelberger B, Harder L, Schemmel V, Fonatsch C, Ludwig WD, Hiddemann W, Dreyling MH. Molecular analysis of the CALM/AF10 fusion: identical rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma patients. Leukemia 2000; 14:93-9. [PMID: 10637482 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The recurring translocation t(10;11)(p13;q14) which is found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) results in the fusion of the putative transcription factor AF10 to CALM encoding a clathrin assembly protein. Previous studies using mainly fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis have shown that the CALM/AF10 rearrangement is found in immature acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of subtype M0 and M1 and in T cell ALL. In this study we analyzed the CALM/AF10 and AF10/CALM fusion mRNAs in a series of three patients with AML, one patient with T-ALL and two patients with precusor T lymphoblastic lymphoma. In all six patients the breakpoint in CALM is at the 3' end of the coding region (nt1926/1927 or nt 2091/2092). Three breakpoints could be identified in AF10 (nt 588/589, nt 882/883 and nt 978/979). These data demonstrate that the CALM/AF10 fusions found in patients differ only slightly with respect to the portion of AF10 present and that there is no obvious difference between the fusions found in AML patients compared to those found in patients with lymphoid malignancies. Leukemia (2000) 14, 93-99.
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Dreyling MH, Schrader K, Fonatsch C, Schlegelberger B, Haase D, Schoch C, Ludwig W, Löffler H, Büchner T, Wörmann B, Hiddemann W, Bohlander SK. MLL and CALM are fused to AF10 in morphologically distinct subsets of acute leukemia with translocation t(10;11): both rearrangements are associated with a poor prognosis. Blood 1998; 91:4662-7. [PMID: 9616163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The translocation t(10;11)(p13;q14) has been observed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as well as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A recent study showed a MLL/AF10 fusion in all cases of AML with t(10;11) and various breakpoints on chromosome 11 ranging from q13 to q23. We recently cloned CALM (Clathrin Assembly Lymphoid Myeloid leukemia gene), the fusion partner of AF10 at 11q14 in the monocytic cell line U937. To further define the role of these genes in acute leukemias, 10 cases (9 AML and 1 ALL) with cytogenetically proven t(10;11)(p12-14;q13-21) and well-characterized morphology, immunophenotype, and clinical course were analyzed. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed with 2 YACs flanking the CALM region, a YAC contig of the MLL region, and a YAC spanning the AF10 breakpoint. Rearrangement of at least one of these genes was detected in all cases with balanced t(10;11). In 4 cases, including 3 AML with immature morphology (1 AML-M0 and 2 AML-M1) and 1 ALL, the signals of the CALM YACS were separated in interphase cells, indicating a translocation breakpoint within the CALM region. MLL was rearranged in 3 AML with myelomonocytic differentiation (2 AML-M2 and 1 AML-M5), including 1 secondary AML. In all 3 cases, a characteristic immunophenotype was identified (CD4+, CD13-, CD33+, CD65s+). AF-10 was involved in 5 of 6 evaluable cases, including 1 case without detectable CALM or MLL rearrangement. In 2 complex translocations, none of the three genes was rearranged. All cases had a remarkably poor prognosis, with a mean survival of 9.6 +/- 6.6 months. For the 7 AML cases that were uniformly treated according to the AMLCG86/92 protocols, disease-free and overall survival was significantly worse than for the overall study group (P = .03 and P = .01, respectively). We conclude that the t(10;11)(p13;q14) indicates CALM and MLL rearrangements in morphologically distinct subsets of acute leukemia and may be associated with a poor prognosis.
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Parent A, Schrader K, Munger SD, Reed RR, Linden DJ, Ronnett GV. Synaptic transmission and hippocampal long-term potentiation in olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel type 1 null mouse. J Neurophysiol 1998; 79:3295-301. [PMID: 9636130 DOI: 10.1152/jn.1998.79.6.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Field potential recording was used to investigate properties of synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in both hippocampal slices of mutant mice in which the alpha-subunit of the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (alpha3/OCNC)1 was rendered null and also in slices prepared from their wild-type (Wt) littermates. Several measures of basal synaptic transmission were unaltered in the OCNC1 knockout (KO), including maximum field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slope, maximum fEPSP and fiber volley amplitude, and the function relating fiber volley amplitude to fEPSP slope and paired-pulse facilitation. When a high-frequency stimulation protocol was used to induce LTP, similar responses were seen in both groups [KO: 1 min, 299 +/- 50% (mean +/- SE), 60 min, 123 +/- 10%; Wt: 1 min, 287 +/- 63%; 60 min, 132 +/- 19%). However, on theta-burst stimulation, the initial amplitude of LTP was smaller (1 min after induction, 147 +/- 16% of baseline) and the response decayed faster in the OCNC1 KO (60 min, 127 +/- 18%) than in Wt (1 min, 200 +/- 14%; 60 min, 169 +/- 19%). Analysis of waveforms evoked by LTP-inducing tetanic stimuli revealed a similar difference between groups. The development of potentiation throughout the tetanic stimulus was similar in OCNC1 KO and Wt mice when high-frequency stimulation was used, but OCNC1 KO mice showed a significant decrease when compared with Wt mice receiving theta-burst stimulation. These results suggest that activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels may contribute to the induction of LTP by weaker, more physiological stimuli, possibly via Ca2+ influx.
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Rohr M, Schrader K. Climatic influence on cosmetic skin parameters. CURRENT PROBLEMS IN DERMATOLOGY 1998; 26:151-64. [PMID: 9597325 DOI: 10.1159/000060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Prasad BC, Ye B, Zackhary R, Schrader K, Seydoux G, Reed RR. unc-3, a gene required for axonal guidance in Caenorhabditis elegans, encodes a member of the O/E family of transcription factors. Development 1998; 125:1561-8. [PMID: 9502737 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125.8.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The expression of specialized signal transduction components in mammalian olfactory neurons is thought to be regulated by the O/E (Olf-1/EBF) family of transcription factors. The O/E proteins are expressed in cells of the olfactory neuronal lineage throughout development and are also expressed transiently in neurons in the developing nervous system during embryogenesis. We have identified a C. elegans homologue of the mammalian O/E proteins, which displays greater than 80% similarity over 350 amino acids. Like its mammalian homologues, CeO/E is expressed in certain chemosensory neurons (ASI amphid neurons) throughout development and is also expressed transiently in developing motor neurons when these cells undergo axonal outgrowth. We demonstrate that CeO/E is the product of the unc-3 gene, mutations in which cause defects in the axonal outgrowth of motor neurons, as well as defects in dauer formation, a process requiring chemosensory inputs. These observations suggest that the O/E family of transcription factors play a central and evolutionarily conserved role in the expression of proteins essential for axonal pathfinding and/or neuronal differentiation in both sensory and motor neurons.
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Schrader K, Buchheim W, Morr CV. High pressure effects on the colloidal calcium phosphate and the structural integrity of micellar casein milk. Part 1. High pressure dissolution of colloidal calcium phosphate in heated milk systems. DIE NAHRUNG 1997; 41:133-8. [PMID: 9232847 DOI: 10.1002/food.19970410303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Results of this study confirm that high temperature (118 degrees C/15 min) and high pressure (400 MPa/5 min) processing of skim milk, skim milk ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation fractions, and model milk salt solutions cause dramatic shifts in their colloidal and soluble Ca phosphate equilibrium that affect their pH, dissolved Ca content, turbidity, and casein micelle microstructure. The relations between high temperature and high pressure processing-induced changes in the colloidal and soluble Ca phosphate equilibrium were evaluated in raw, pasteurized, and high temperature treated skim milk, ultrafiltration retentate and permeate of pasteurized skim milk, clear ultracentrifugation infranatant of pasteurized skim milk, and synthetic milk ultrafiltrates with and without lactose or Ca. The magnitude of the pH and dissolved Ca shifts caused by high temperature and high pressure processing was a function of casein micelle concentration. Ultrafiltration permeate exhibited the most drastic shits in pH and dissolved Ca contents due to high temperature and high pressure processing. Although high temperature processing reduced the pH of ultrafiltration permeate from 6.59 to 6.03 and the dissolved Ca from 100% to 58%, high pressure processing reversed both of these changes. These changes in high temperature and high pressure processed milk, milk fractions, and model milk salt solutions were related to microstructural changes in the casein micelles as revealed by electron microscopy.
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Lee SK, Klostermeyer H, Schrader K, Buchheim W. Rheological properties and microstructure of model processed cheese containing low molecular weight emulsifiers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/food.19960400406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schrader K, Rohr M. Methods for measuring the skin-cleansing effect of surfactants in comparison with skin roughness and compatibility. Clin Dermatol 1996; 14:57-65. [PMID: 8901400 DOI: 10.1016/0738-081x(95)00109-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Laham S, Broxup B, Robinet M, Potvin M, Schrader K. Subacute inhalation toxicity of benzaldehyde in the Sprague-Dawley rat. AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1991; 52:503-10. [PMID: 1781429 DOI: 10.1080/15298669191365126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzaldehyde was administered by inhalation to female and male Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 consecutive days (low level: 500 ppm; medium level: 750 ppm; high level: 1000 ppm). Effects of this chemical were investigated during and at the end of the exposure period. Throughout the experiment, significant hypothermia and a reduction of motor activity were observed in all rats exposed to benzaldehyde and were accompanied in high-level rats by a severe impairment of the central nervous system, as evidenced by abnormal gait, tremors, and a positive Straub sign. Histopathologic examination of tissues from exposed rats showed a goblet cell metaplasia that was largely confined to the respiratory epithelium lining the nasal septum in male rats. No other abnormal microscopic changes were observed. A no effect level was not observed in these studies.
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