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Shepherd SJ, Donadello K, Thiessen S, Aissaoui N, Bollen Pinto B, De Pascale G, Hilty M, Lane K, Mendoza M, Schellongowski P, Weidanz F, Weiss B, Werner J, Wong A, Prisco L. THE FOREIGN SOCRATIC INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE CURRICULA. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798523 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Dixon JJ, Lane K, Fleming-Nouri W, Cheema H, Walker P, MacPhee I, Philips B. Urine microscopy score combined with albumin creatinine ratio score improves prediction of future acute kidney injury (AKI) and worsening AKI. Crit Care 2014. [PMCID: PMC4069455 DOI: 10.1186/cc13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ho SM, Lane K. Sex hormone-induction and dietary modulation of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma (PA) in animal models. Urol Oncol 2013; 2:110-5. [PMID: 21224149 DOI: 10.1016/s1078-1439(97)82841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lane K, Dixon JJ, MacPhee IAM, Philips BJ. Renohepatic crosstalk: does acute kidney injury cause liver dysfunction? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:1634-47. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Dixon JJ, Lane K, Dalton RN, MacPhee IA, Philips BJ. Symmetrical dimethylarginine is a more sensitive biomarker of renal dysfunction than creatinine. Crit Care 2013. [PMCID: PMC3642858 DOI: 10.1186/cc12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jewett M, Finelli A, Kollmannsberger C, Wood L, Legere L, Basiuk J, Canil C, Heng D, Reaume N, Tanguay S, Atkins M, Bjarnason G, Dancey J, Evans M, Fleshner N, Haider M, Kapoor A, Uzzo R, Maskens D, Soulieres D, Yousef G, Basappa N, Bendali N, Black P, Blais N, Cagiannos I, Care M, Chow R, Chung H, Czaykowski P, Derosa D, Durrant K, Ellard S, Farquharson G, Filion-Brulotte C, Gingerich J, Godbout L, Grant R, Hamilton W, Kassouf W, Kurban G, Lane K, Lattouf J, Lau D, Leveridge M, McCarthy J, Moore R, North S, O'brien P, Pituskin E, Racine P, Rendon R, So A, Sridhar S, Stubbs K, Su Z, Taylor L, Udall T, Venner P, Vogel W, Yap S, Yau P, Cooper M, Giroux N, Miron D, Mosher D, Ross K, Willacy J. Management of kidney cancer: canadian kidney cancer forum consensus update 2011. Can Urol Assoc J 2012; 6:16-22. [PMID: 22396361 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.11273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Soghoian DZ, Flanders M, Sierra-Davidson K, Ranasinghe S, Cutler S, Davis I, Lindqvist M, Lane K, Kuhl B, Kranias G, Piechocka-Trocha A, Jessen H, Walker BD, Streeck H. HIV-specific cytolytic CD4 T-cell responses effectively control HIV infection in macrophages. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441804 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Thobakgale C, Fadda L, Lane K, Toth I, Pereyra F, Bazner S, Ndung'u T, Walker BD, Rosenberg E, Alter G, Carrington M, Allen T, Altfeld M. Frequent and strong antibody-mediated NK cell activation to HIV-1 Env in individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441410 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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McBee NA, Hanley DF, Kase CS, Lane K, Carhuapoma JR. The importance of an independent oversight committee to preserve treatment fidelity, ensure protocol compliance, and adjudicate safety endpoints in the ATACH II trial. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL NEUROLOGY 2012; 5:10-13. [PMID: 23230459 PMCID: PMC3517026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In response to growing trends and accepted U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance, the ATACH II trial leadership developed the independent oversight committee (IOC) as a mechanism to adjudicate the trial safety endpoints and to evaluate treatment fidelity and protocol compliance. To accomplish these tasks, the IOC reviews the first three subjects enrolled at each study center and all serious adverse events that occur across all study centers. The IOC makes recommendations to the steering committee regarding the aggregation of, or trend in, adverse events at particular sites and discusses homogeneity, or lack thereof, in the principles and intensity of the overall care. Based on the IOC findings, the steering committee will contact individual sites, as needed, to discuss potential remedial measures.
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Xu B, Basuli F, Wu H, Salima A, Opina A, Lane K, Griffiths GL, Jagoda E, Green M, Seidel J, Choyke P. Abstract LB-420: Long circulating 18F-labeled liposomes for PET imaging. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-lb-420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Liposomes are lipid nanoparticles comprised of phospholipid bilayers with an aqueous interior. They have emerged as promising multi-modality imaging agents and engender significant interest as drug delivery vehicles, e.g. doxorubicin liposomes. Although a number of methods for radiolabeling liposomes with various radionuclides have been developed, 18F is the most useful for PET imaging. In this study, preformed maleimide-PEG functionalized liposomes with a mean diameter of 70 nm were obtained by sonication of a lipid mixture consisting of DPPC, cholesterol, and DSPE-PEG2000-Mal (61:30:9) in acetate buffer (pH 6.5) followed by extrusion. 18F labeled 2-(2-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethanethiol was prepared, followed by conjugation with the maleimide-PEG functionalized liposome in 0.1M acetate buffer (0.1% EDTA), pH 6.5-8.0. Liposome sizes did not differ significantly before and after the 18F labeling. The overall radiochemical yield of the reaction was 10-25% (n= 12, uncorrected) in a 180 minute radiolabeling time. Micro PET imaging of rats was done at various times, up to 4 hrs, following IV injection of the 18F liposomes and their bio-distribution was also investigated. Our imaging studies with 18F liposomes appear comparable to images from previously described labeling methods with 18F liposomes remaining in the blood pool at 4 hrs. Our results indicate that this will allow the ready availability of 18F liposomes for vascular imaging and also potentially for cancer imaging. Research Support: This study was funded by the intramural program of the National Institutes of Health.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-420. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-420
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Lane K, Dixon JJ, McKeown D, Johnston A, MacPhee I, Philips BJ. Using tramadol to monitor hepatic drug metabolism in the critically ill. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363761 DOI: 10.1186/cc10950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Hahn EE, Ganz PA, Melisko ME, Pierce JP, Von Friederichs-Fitzwater MM, Lane K, Hiatt RA. Preliminary results from a comparative effectiveness study of breast cancer survivorship care: A University of California (UC) ATHENA Breast Health Network project. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
212 Background: The ATHENA Breast Health Network collaboration is a large scale, UC system-wide project initiated with the intent to drive innovation in breast cancer prevention, screening and treatment. An IRB approved research protocol was developed to examine survivorship care across Network sites, which includes key informant interviews at each site and patient/survivor surveys. This abstract presents preliminary analyses from the key informant interviews. Methods: Investigators at each site conducted semi-structured interviews with oncology specialists and primary care providers (PCPs). Interviews used case study examples and open and closed-ended questions on the delivery of post-treatment breast cancer care. Informant responses were manually recorded by the interviewer, compiled in a database, then coded and analyzed using NVIVO9 software. Results: There were 39 key informants across five participating UC sites: 14 medical oncologists, 7 radiation oncologists, 11 surgeons, 3 oncology nurses, and 4 PCPs. Care coordination is a major unprompted theme identified in the interviews. 85% of all participants reported using shared care coordination between PCP and oncology for post-treatment follow-up. 49% report the need for greater care coordination in general, and 28% report the need for greater care coordination within oncology, particularly to help avoid duplication of follow-up care and services. The responses demonstrate wide variability among provider types and institutions (Table). Additional analyses from this study will be updated in our presentation. Conclusions: These preliminary results identify the need for focus on care coordination during the post-treatment phase of breast cancer care within the UC system. [Table: see text]
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Hoyt CC, Hagemann IS, Hagemann AR, Wang L, Hung E, Lane K, Coukos G, Feldman MD. Performance characteristics and validation of automated tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte counting. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.10562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gomes P, Abelson M, Lane K, Angjeli E. Development of a Standardized Clinician-Graded Scale for Assessment of Nasal Turbinate Inflammation Induced by Exposure to the Allergen BioCube. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kilbreath S, Ward L, Lane K, McNeely M, Williams E, McKenzie D, Refshauge K, Peddle C, Battersby K. Effect of airplane travel on women treated for breast cancer. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #1119
Background: Many patient materials promulgate lifestyle adaptations purported to minimize risk of lymphedema. One factor often mentioned is development or exacerbation of lymphedema due to airplane travel. The aim of this study was to describe prospectively the effect of airplane travel on women treated for breast cancer, traveling to Caloundra, Qld., Australia to attend a dragon boat regatta.
 Methods: Pre and post data were obtained from 63 women traveling from Canada to Australia, and from 12 women traveling within Australia. 54% were treated for breast cancer on their dominant side, 63% underwent mastectomy with or without reconstruction, 77% underwent axillary node dissection, and 21% wore a compression sleeve during flight; 94% trained at a moderate to vigorous intensity for the regatta. Single frequency bioimpedance analysis (BIA; XCA; Impedimed Inc.®) was used to determine the inter-limb difference in upper limb extracellular fluid. BIA is highly reliable and has high sensitivity and specificity for increased extracellular fluid accumulation. Change in ratio >0.05 for women without lymphoedema is of clinical significance. Women were measured within 2 weeks of their flight to Caloundra, immediately on arrival in Caloundra, and for 46 women, within 6 weeks of return to Canada.
 Results: Airplane travel did not have a significant effect on the upper limb BIA ratio, either between the pre and post flight (t75= -0.355; p=0.72) or between the pre and follow-up measures (t44=.241; p=0.811).
 
 Overall, the BIA post ratio increased from the pre measure by ≤0.02 in 48 women; 0.02 to <0.05 in 12 women; 0.05 to <0.10 in 10 women; and >0.10 in 5 women (Fig 1). In Figure 1, symbols in grey-shaded area represents women who did not have lymphedema prior to flight but presented with it post flight and the dashed lines indicate previously established cut-offs for criteria for detection of lymphedema. Dotted line on each graph is the line of agreement. The 6 symbols in the grey shaded area (Fig 1) represent women from the international group; their change in BIA ranged from 0.05 to 0.28. Follow-up measures were available on 5 of these women, and indicated that 4 were below the cut-offs for lymphedema. All 6 women had undergone mastectomy and axillary clearance of their lymph nodes and for 5, surgery was on their dominant side. Only 3 of the women wore a compressive sleeve on the plane.
 Discussion: For the majority of women who undertake moderate to vigorous upper limb exercise, airplane travel did not have a significant impact on extracellular fluid ratio. Acknowledgment: Impedimed for funding and equipment.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1119.
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Lane K, Penne RB, Bilyk JR. Evaluation and management of pediatric orbital fractures in a primary care setting. Orbit 2008; 26:183-91. [PMID: 17891646 DOI: 10.1080/01676830701519374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and evaluate the management of white-eyed blowout fractures (WEBOF) from Emergency Department (ED) triage through surgical repair. METHODS Retrospective chart review of consecutive cases of pediatric orbital blowout fracture requiring surgical repair at a large ophthalmologic referral center. The characteristics of patients with WEBOF and those with conventional orbital blowout fractures were compared, including: mechanism of injury, clinical presentation, ED management and referral patterns, and time to definitive treatment. RESULTS Sixteen patients comprised the WEBOF study group, and 14 patients with conventional blowout fractures comprised the control group. All WEBOF had pain with eye movement, limited ductions and diplopia, and 75% had nausea and vomiting. These symptoms were present in significantly lower frequencies in control patients (64%, 64%, 7%, 14%, respectively). Compared to controls, WEBOF patients were younger; had injury more often resulting from sports and play; were less likely to undergo orbital imaging in the ED; were more likely to be diagnosed with concussion in the ED; were less likely to be seen urgently by an ophthalmologist; and were told to follow-up with an ophthalmologist 4-5 days later than control patients. CONCLUSIONS WEBOF is a clinical diagnosis consisting of vertical diplopia, gaze restriction and nausea and/or vomiting in the setting of peri-orbital trauma in the pediatric and young-adult age group. The paucity of external signs of trauma may lead to initial misdiagnosis and delay in treatment. All patients who meet WEBOF criteria should undergo dedicated orbital CT as part of the ED evaluation. If WEBOF is suspected, a prompt referral to an ophthalmologist should be made.
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Forman JP, Rifas-Shiman SL, Taylor EN, Lane K, Gillman MW. Association between the serum anion gap and blood pressure among patients at Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates. J Hum Hypertens 2007; 22:122-5. [PMID: 17855799 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Animal and human data suggest a link between endogenous acid production with elevations in blood pressure and the development of hypertension; increases in endogenous organic acid production can lead to a higher anion gap. We studied the cross-sectional association between the serum anion gap and blood pressure among 1057 non-diabetic patients who were not taking antihypertensive drugs, and who received their care at a multisite, multispecialty group practice in eastern Massachusetts. Using linear regression controlling for age, sex, race, BMI, estimated GFR and presence of impaired fasting glucose, every 1 mEq l(-1) higher serum anion gap was associated with a 0.27 mm Hg (P=0.08) higher systolic, 0.20 mm Hg (P=0.05) higher diastolic and 0.22 mm Hg (P=0.04) higher mean arterial pressure; these results suggest that endogenous acid production may raise the risk of hypertension.
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Campbell KL, Lane K, Martin AD, Gelmon KA, McKenzie DC. Resting energy expenditure and body mass changes in women during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Cancer Nurs 2007; 30:95-100. [PMID: 17413774 DOI: 10.1097/01.ncc.0000265004.64440.5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Weight gain is a commonly reported side effect of adjuvant chemotherapy. A change in resting energy expenditure during treatment has been a suggested mechanism for weight gain. We prospectively measured resting energy expenditure, weight change, and body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) in 10 women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. There was no change in resting energy expenditure across cycles of chemotherapy (P =.78) or from baseline to the end of treatment (1,189.68 +/- 80.27 vs 1,205.76 +/- 56.71 kcal/d; P =.74). Overall, participants did not gain weight across treatment. However, there was an overall trend toward weight gain (66.3 +/- 5.1 vs 68.2 +/- 5.0 kg; P =.09), and participants did show an increase in total fat mass (24.2 +/- 3.8 vs 26.5 +/- 3.2 kg; P =.04), whereas muscle mass remained the same. Although no change in resting energy expenditure was seen, the observed increase in total fat mass is consistent with a decrease in physical activity level commonly reported with adjuvant chemotherapy treatment of breast cancer, and these body composition changes may have important health implications for survivors.
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Sturgis L, Boesen E, Lane K, Brands MW. Role of IL‐6 in DOCA salt hypertension. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
A 70-year-old woman presented with a corneal ulcer resulting from aberrant and exuberant eyelash growth. She had recently been diagnosed with recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer for which she had begun a chemotherapeutic regimen that included erlotinib HCl. After several months of treatment, she noted the onset of escalating ocular irritation, which culminated in her presentation. Examination of her ocular adnexa revealed coarse, brittle, irregular aberrant eyelash growth. She has been successfully treated with regular epilation and eyelash trimming and has remained symptom free.
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Lennon G, Cashman O, Lane K, Cryan B, O'Shea H. Prevalence and characterization of enteric adenoviruses in the South of Ireland. J Med Virol 2007; 79:1518-26. [PMID: 17705179 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enteric adenoviruses have been shown to be a substantial cause of pediatric gastroenteritis in various parts of the world, and are considered to be the second most common cause of viral gastroenteritis, next to rotavirus in young children. Genetic characterization of 95 adenovirus isolates obtained from patients with acute gastroenteritis between 2002 and 2007 from the southern regions of Ireland, were characterized by PCR analysis, restriction endonuclease (RE) analysis and sequencing analysis. All isolates were found to be of adenovirus type 41 origin. Genetic analysis of seven hypervariable regions (HVRs) located within the hexon gene has revealed a high level of amino acid sequence homology in samples over the course of this study, with a very close relationship to the D22 genome type. The D22 genome type has been detected in several other countries, thus suggesting Irish isolates have common genome types with other stains worldwide. This is the first such study undertaken in the south of Ireland, to type and genetically characterize adenoviral gastroenteritis isolates, and has revealed a high level of conservation within the isolated analyzed.
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Lee DL, Lane K, Labazi H, Fleming C, Brands MW. IL‐6 Knockout Significantly Attenuates AngII Hypertension, but not its Salt Sensitivity. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ihida-Stansbury K, McKean DM, Gebb SA, Martin JF, Stevens T, Nemenoff R, Vaughn J, Lane K, Loyd J, Wheeler L, Morrell NW, Ivy D, Jones PL. Regulation and functions of the paired-related homeobox gene PRX1 in pulmonary vascular development and disease. Chest 2006; 128:591S. [PMID: 16373852 DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.6_suppl.591s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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50
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Lane K, Jespersen D, McKenzie DC. The effect of a whole body exercise programme and dragon boat training on arm volume and arm circumference in women treated for breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2005; 14:353-8. [PMID: 16098120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2005.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a whole body exercise programme and dragon boat training on changes in arm volume in breast cancer survivors. A total of 16 female breast cancer survivors with no clinical history of lymphoedema volunteered. The 20-week exercise programme consisted of resistance and aerobic exercise with the addition of dragon boat training at week 8. Arm circumference at two sites (CIRC10, CIRC15), arm volume (VOL), and upper body strength (1-RM) were measured at baseline (T1), week 8 (T2), and week 20 (T3). All statistical tests were two-sided (alpha < or = 0.05). No significant differences between the ipsilateral and contralateral upper extremities at any of the three time points were found. All variables significantly increased from T1 to T3 (CIRC10: difference, d = 0.49 cm, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.25-0.73, P = 0.000; CIRC15: d = 1.33 cm, CI = 0.78-1.88, P = 0.000; VOL: d = 100 mL, CI = 69-130, P = 0.000). As well, 1-RM significantly increased from T1 to T3 (d = 10.8 kg, CI = 5.6-16.1; P = 0.000). In summary, participation in a whole body exercise programme and dragon boat training resulted in a significant increase in upper extremity volume over time. However, the changes were consistent for both arms and the significant gain in upper body muscular strength likely accounted for the increase in arm volume.
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