Can probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics improve functional outcomes for older people: a systematic review

Aim

To review current evidence on whether probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics improve functional outcomes for older people.

Findings

There is limited evidence that probiotics might improve cognition in older people with pre-existing cognitive impairment. There is little evidence for benefit of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on physical function, frailty, mood, mortality or length of hospital admission among older people, although the 18 studies identified for the review were heterogeneous and these functional outcomes were largely secondary outcomes.

Message

More robust research with larger studies, consistency of interventions and clear assessment of confounding variables (such as diet, co-morbidities and medications) is needed to evaluate the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on functional outcomes in an older population.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1007/s41999-020-00396-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Purpose

Research evaluating the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics (PPS) on laboratory markers of health (such as immunomodulatory and microbiota changes) is growing but it is unclear whether these markers translate to improved functional outcomes in the older population. This systematic review evaluates the effect of PPS on functional outcomes in older people.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the effect of PPS in older adults on functional outcomes (physical strength, frailty, mood and cognition, mortality and receipt of care). Four electronic databases were searched for studies published since year 2000.

Results

Eighteen studies (including 15 RCTs) were identified. One of five studies evaluating physical function reported benefit (improved grip strength). Two analyses of one prebiotic RCT assessed frailty by different methods with mixed results. Four studies evaluated mood with no benefit reported. Six studies evaluated cognition: four reported cognitive improvement in participants with pre-existing cognitive impairment receiving probiotics. Seven studies reported mortality as a secondary outcome with a trend to reduction in only one. Five studies reported length of hospital stay but only two peri-operative studies reported shorter stays.

Conclusion

There is limited evidence that probiotics may improve cognition in older people with pre-existing cognitive impairment but no clear evidence of benefit of PPS on physical function, frailty, mood, length of hospitalisation and mortality. Larger studies with more homogenous interventions, accounting for confounding factors, such as diet, co-morbidities and medications, are required. There is currently inadequate evidence to recommend PPS use to older people in general.

PROSPERO registration number

PROSPERO registration number is CRD42020173417. Date of PROSPERO registration: 01/05/20.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1007/s41999-020-00396-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Performance of metakaolin based geopolymer concrete at elevated temperature

Due to the carbon dioxide emission arising from the production of cement, alternative concrete that is environmentally friendly such as metakaolin geopolymer concrete have been developed. However, the performance of metakaolin based geopolymer concrete (MKGC) when exposed to aggressive environment particularly elevated temperature has not been investigated. Therefore, this paper assessed the performance of MKGC exposed to elevated temperatures. MKGC cube specimens of grade 25 were produced using a mix ratio of 1:1.58:3.71.After preparing the specimens, they were placed in an electric oven at a temperature of 60oC for 24 hours. Thereafter, the specimens were stored in the laboratory at ambient temperature for 28 days. The specimens were then exposed to elevated temperatures of 200, 400, 600 and 800oC. After exposure to elevated temperatures, the MKGC specimens were subjected to compressive strength, water absorption and abrasion resistance tests. Results show that at 600 and 800oC, the MKGC lost a compressive strength of 59.69% and 71.71% respectively. Higher water absorption and lower abrasion resistance were also observed. Keywords: Cement, Compressive Strength, Metakaolin Concrete, Elevated Temperature.

Population-based prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among adults in Benue State, Nigeria

Background

The increasing prevalence of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Aim

To determine the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in Benin state, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1265 adults selected by multistage sampling technique. The World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, version 23.0 (IBM). We estimated prevalence and odds of hypertension at 5% level of significance.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension was 35.6%. The odds of hypertension was higher among age 30-39 (aOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.3-3.1) compared to age 18-29 years, males (aOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-2.0) compared to females, overweight (aOR: 2.3; 95%CI: 1.6-3.2), and obesity (aOR: 4.9; 95%CI: 3.2-7.7) compared to normal weight, and high cholesterol (aOR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3) compared to normal cholesterol.

Conclusion

The prevalence of hypertension was high among young adults in Benue State. The associated risk factors for hypertension were age, sex, overweight, obesity, and high total cholesterol.

CD11b expression on monocytes and data of inflammatory parameters after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in dependence of early mortality

An inflammatory systemic reaction is common after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). We recently reported about an involvement of Mon2-monocytes, the CD11b expression on monocytes and parameters of systemic inflammation before TAVI correlating with early mortality after TAVI. Here, we provide data of monocyte subpopulations, CD11b expression and parameters of a systemic inflammation in dependence of three-month mortality after TAVI. With this, we provide further insights into inflammatory mechanism after TAVI. The data were collected by flow-cytometric quantification analyses of peripheral blood in 120 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI (on day 1 and 7 after TAVI). Monocyte-subsets were identified by their CD14 and CD16 expression and monocyte-platelet-aggregates (MPA) by CD14/CD41 co-expression. The extent of monocyte activation was determined by quantification of CD11b-expression (activate epitope). Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin were measured using the cytometric bead array method or standard laboratory tests. Additionally, we report procedural outcomes in dependence of three-month mortality. Furthermore, correlations of CD11b-expression on monocytes with parameters of platelet activation or further inflammatory parameters are presented. For further interpretation of the presented data, please see the research article “Mon2-Monocytes and Increased CD-11b Expression Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation are Associated with Earlier Death” by Pfluecke et al.[1]

92 Relocation in Care Homes (RICH) Study: The Experience of Different Stakeholders

Introduction

In the UK, care homes in unsuitable older buildings are closing. Involuntary relocation is associated with increased mortality and negative emotions among residents. Extensive planning can mitigate this. The aim was to understand the experience of a planned relocation between two care homes.

Methods

In the UK, care homes in unsuitable older buildings are closing. Involuntary relocation is associated with increased mortality and negative emotions among residents. Extensive planning can mitigate this. The aim was to understand the experience of a planned relocation between two care homes.

Results

Seven themes were identified and organised under three stages: pre-move (communication and involvement; preparation for the move; and attitudes towards the move), day-of-the-move (organisation of the move), and post-move (environmental change and impact; staff organisation and management; and settling in). Family and staff members reported that the pre-move information provided was inconsistent and staff did not feel involved in the planning and design process. Pre-move visits and staff and family support were beneficial for residents’ preparation for the move. All participants expressed sadness about the closure, and reported apprehension about moving. The moving day felt disorganised and stressful to staff who had to spread between the two homes. Post-move, the new care home was perceived by many participants as a ‘hotel’ rather than a home. Its larger size and confusing layout impacted negatively on residents and staff. New staff and changes in management structure were perceived by the different stakeholders to cause increased staff workload. Residents adjusted variably to the new home, with family support and staff continuity of care proving to be facilitators.

Conclusions

Despite extensive planning, relocation and adjustment was challenging. Recommendations for future relocations include: increasing involvement of staff in the planning and design of the home; ensuring consistent communication and organising staff rotas to maintain continuity of care.

110 Participants and Volunteer Host Experiences of First Steps Course for Those Newly Diagnosed with Parkinson’s: A Qualitative Study

Introduction

People with Parkinson’s (PwP) and their caregivers often report poor diagnosis experiences and a lack of information, support and control over Parkinson’s. First Steps is a two-day course delivered by volunteers with Parkinson’s, which aims to help those newly diagnosed and their caregivers face the future positively and take control of Parkinson’s. This study aimed to capture the views and experiences of participants and volunteer hosts of First Steps, and evaluate if it meets those aims.

Methods

Using purposive sampling, twelve participants comprising four PwP, five caregivers and three volunteer hosts were recruited. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Results

Course participants found First Steps informative, supportive, and helpful in feeling more positive about Parkinson’s. Participants were reassured by the hosts having Parkinson’s, despite prior concerns regarding seeing people who might have more advanced Parkinson’s. Some found First Steps more relatable than other support services and reported that the course complemented clinician-led courses as the content was aimed at caregivers as well as PwP, with variation in information delivery techniques. Among the PwP and caregivers, two thirds reported a lack of control over Parkinson’s and some felt First Steps had improved their control. Hosts felt they had control over Parkinson’s and perceived their role to be both challenging and rewarding.

Conclusions

First Steps was perceived as a helpful course, offering information and support for those newly diagnosed and their caregivers in a positive and non-clinical environment. Volunteer hosts felt more control over Parkinson’s than other participants, but there was evidence that the course helped some experience more control. Suggested course improvements included: additions to the presentation content with more emphasis on taking control, and offering group follow up sessions. This will inform current expansion across the UK.

Treatment of colorectal cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: Results from a prospective Nigerian hospital registry

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Mortality for CRC is improving in high income countries, but in low and middle income countries, rates of disease and death from disease are rising. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the ratio of CRC mortality to incidence is the highest in the world. This study investigated the nature of CRC treatment currently being offered and received in Nigeria.

METHODS

Between April 2013 and October 2017, a prospective study of consecutively diagnosed cases of CRC was conducted. Patient demographics, clinical features, and treatment recommended and received was recorded for each case. Patients were followed during the study period every 3 months or until death.

RESULTS

Three hundred patients were included in our analysis. Seventy-one percent of patients received a recommended surgical operation. Of those that didn't undergo surgery as recommended, 37% cited cost as the main reason, 30% declined due to personal reasons, and less than 5% absconded or were lost to follow up. Approximately half of patients (50.5%) received a chemotherapy regimen when it was recommended, and 4.1% received radiotherapy when this was advised as optimal treatment. With therapy, the median overall survival for patients diagnosed with stage III and stage IV CRC was 24 and 10.5 months respectively. Overall, we found significantly better median survival for patients that received the recommended treatment (25 vs 7 months; P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS

A number of patients were unable to receive the recommended treatment, reflecting some of the burden of untreated CRC in the region. Receiving the recommended treatment was associated with a significant difference in outcome. Improved healthcare financing, literacy, training, access, and a better understanding of tumor biology will be necessary to address this discrepancy.

Poor Appetite Is Associated with Six Month Mortality in Hospitalised Older Men and Women

OBJECTIVES

Appetite loss is common in hospitalised older individuals but not routinely assessed. Poor appetite in hospital has previously been identified as predictive of greater mortality in the six months following discharge in a single study of female patients. The present study aimed to assess this association in a larger sample including both hospitalised men and women.

DESIGN

Longitudinal observational study with six month follow up.

SETTING

Acute hospital wards in a single large hospital in England.

PARTICIPANTS

Older inpatients aged over 70 years.

MEASUREMENTS

Appetite was assessed using the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) during hospital stay. Deaths during six month follow-up period were recorded. Association between SNAQ score during hospital admission and death 6 months post-discharge was assessed using binary logistic regression in unadjusted and adjusted analysis.

RESULTS

296 participants (43% female, mean age 83 years (SD 6.9)) were included in this study. Prevalence of poor appetite (SNAQ score <14) was 41%. In unadjusted analysis a SNAQ score of <14 was associated with a 2.47 increase in odds of mortality at six months (OR 2.47 (95% CI 1.27,4.82)). This association remained after adjusting for number of comorbidities (Charlson index), length of stay and gender (OR 2.62 (95% CI 1.30, 5.27)). In unadjusted continuous analysis, every one point decrease in SNAQ score led to a 1.20 fold increase in odds of mortality at six months (OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.06-1.36)). This association remained in adjusted analysis (OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.07-1.39)).

CONCLUSION

Poor appetite is common in hospitalised older people. We have confirmed the association, previously reported in older women, between poor appetite during hospital stay and greater mortality at six months post-discharge but in a larger study including older men and women. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of poor appetite, which lead to increased mortality.

4314Cardiac involvement of Wilsons disease

Background

Wilson's disease (WD) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder resulting from abnormal copper metabolism. Relatively little is known about the effects of copper accumulation on the heart.

Objective

We aimed to determine if patients with Wilson's disease show signs of cardiac involvement and structural heart disease.

Methods

In this prospective trial, we studied 61 patients with Wilson's disease and compared them to 61 age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Results

While left ventricular function assessed by global longitudinal and global radial strain did not differ significantly between the groups, Wilson's disease patients had significantly reduced global radial strain (table 1).

Wilson's disease patients demonstrated significantly more late gadolinium enhancement than the control patients (4.9±1.4 vs. 1.1±0.2% p<0.001).

The severity of Wilson's disease, based on the Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale, was significantly correlated with the extent of late gadolinium enhancement (r=0.53, P=0.001), cardiac troponin (r=0.56, P=0.001), the number of premature ventricular contraction (r=0.66, P=0.001).

Table 1. Myocardial strain and CMR characteristics of patients and controls Parameter Patients (n=61) Controls (n=61) p value Left ventricular parameters   GLS, % −22.8 (4.8) −21.8 (5.1) 0.124   GRS, % 43.2 (13.2) 51.6 (13.8) 0.002   GCS, % −29.2 (5.2) −28.6 (4.7) 0.534 Late gadolinium enhancement   LGE, %* 4.9 (1.4) 1.1 (0.2) 0.003   LGE at RVIP, n (%) 58 (95) 3 (5) <0.001   Midwall LGE, n (%) 11 (18) 0 <0.001 Right ventricular parameters   GLS, % −23.6 (4.9) −26.1 (5) 0.01 Data are presented as mean (SD), median (IQR)*, or n (%) unless otherwise stated. GLS, global longitudinal strain; GRS, global radial strain; GCS, global circular strain; LGE: late gadolinium enhancement; RIVP, right ventricular insertion point.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that cardiac involvement in Wilson's disease is possible and those patients who are severely affected by the disease carry a higher risk of developing structural heart disease.

P3711Impact of peri-device leakage after interventional occlusion of the left atrial appendage: Results from the ORIGINAL registry (saxOnian RegIstry analyzinG and followINg left atrial Appendage cLosure)

Background

Oral anticoagulation for prophylaxis of central and peripheral embolisation is limited in its use in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and bleeding events. As an alternative to anticoagulation, the interventional closure of the left atrial appendage (LAAO) is available. A common clinical dilemma is the treatment of patients with potential peri-device leakage following LAA occlusion. The specific definition of the severity of the leak and the long-term clinical implications have not yet been sufficiently investigated.

Methods

The multi-centre ORIGINAL registry was initiated 2014. The aim of this registry is to analyze the safety and efficacy of the procedure in patients with a high risk of bleeding in everyday clinical practice and to evaluate hemorrhagic and thromboemb. events in the long term follow-up. Patients with an indication for LAA occl. were included in the registry after informed consent. The impl., follow-up and anticoagulation regimens are performed according to the standard of the participating centers. 521 patients with AF underwent an implantation of an LAA closure device between Jul. 2014 and Nov. 2018. A mean follow-up of 463 days could be reached in 386 patients.

Results

The periprocedural complication rate was 3.8% of which 5 patients experienced pericardial effusion (successful treatment with pericardial puncture or surgical), 2 patients had periprocedural stroke and 1 patient suffered from air embolism. In 27 patients a peri-device flow due to incomplete occlusion was detected by TEE (5.4% of the implantations). The size ranged between 1 and 8 mm (mean 2.28 mm (SD=2.11)). The eccentricity index (EI) of the LAA in these patients was 1.22 (SD 0.17), and thus the LAA rather oval, while those LAA without leakage tend to be more circular (EI 1.08 with SD=0.17). 2 of the patients with leakage (7.4%) experienced stroke or peripheral embolism, respectively. The annual risk for stroke/TIA/peripheral embolism of these patients was 5.84%, the annual risk of the patients without leakage was 2.04%. Patients with a leakage >6 mm were treated with rivaroxaban in full therapeutic dosage. One patient underwent an additional procedure.

Conclusion

The evaluation and management of para-device leakage after an interventional LAA occlusion represents a challenge. Currently, limited data are available on the optimal strategy. Those data indicate that residual peri-device flow into the LAA after percutaneous closure with the Watchman device represents no cause for alarm. However, our data suggest, that patients with peridevice leak might be at a higher risk of thromboembolic events. Furthermore, it could be shown, that these patients had rather oval ostium of the LAA, while those LAA without leakage tend to be more circular. This implicates the importance of advanced imaging methods, such as 3D-TEE, which are capable to precisely determine the size of the LAA and the degree of its circularity.

Acknowledgement/Funding

None

284Outcomes after left atrial appendage occlusion with AMPLATZER Amulet and WATCHMAN device: Results from the ORIGINAL registry (saxOnian RegIstry analyzinG and followINg left atrial Appendage cLosure)

Aims

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is a therapeutic option for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and high risk of bleeding. This study reports outcomes of patients enrolled in the prospective multicentre, investigator initiated real life registry in the Free State of Saxony (saxOnian RegIstry analyzinG and followINg left atrial Appendage cLosure).

Methods and results

Data of all consecutive 521 patients (64.7% adult males, 35.3% adult females, mean age: 75.1 (SD 7.9) years with non-valvular atrial fibrillation undergoing interventional left atrial appendage occlusion procedure in the ORIGINAL prospective registry were analysed. The CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were 4.3 (SD 1.5) and 3.7 (SD 1.1), respectively. 78.9% of the patients had a history of bleeding. 89.3% of the patients were considered as non-eligible for long term oral anticoagulation. A left atrial appendage occlusion device was successfully implanted in 97.5% of cases. A mean follow-up of 463 days could be reached in 386 patients. Among these, the distribution of the follow-up length reached was as follows: 1 year 205, 2 years 118, 3 years 65 and 4 years 17 patients. In the follow-up the annual frequency of stroke was very low (0.4%), which resulted in the 4.98% absolute risk reduction in the amount of thromboembolic strokes, which would have been expected according to the calculated CHA2DS2-VASc score in the hypothetic group not receiving any anticoagulant therapy. The occurrence of major and minor bleeding in the follow-up was 1.55% and 3.37% respectively.

Conclusions

In this prospective multicentre study we included the patients who are at high risk of stroke and bleeding. The annual ischemic stroke rate was 0.4%, the LAA could be sealed in 97.5%. Six months after the LAA closure only 3.63% of all patients were further on treated using oral anticoagulation. Considering the stroke reduction rates, the implantation of an LAAO device proves to be effective and safe in the clinical routine in the studied population.

Acknowledgement/Funding

None

P6357Left ventricular unloading leads to heart rhythm stabilization in cardiogenic shock - Results from the Dresden Impella Registry

Background

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is often associated with severe heart rhythm disturbances (SHRD). Percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (pLVAD) can actively unload the left ventricle (LV) using a micro-axial pump and resulting in a decreased end-diastolic pressure and wall tension. These parameters are suspected to induce and maintain rhythmological instability.

Purpose

In the current study, we firstly describe the termination of SHRD immediately (less than 5 minutes) after LV-unloading in CS patients with previous unsuccessful antiarrhythmic treatment.

Methods

The Dresden Impella Registry is an ongoing single center registry. Since 2014, a total of 97 patients were included. Each of whom had received a micro-axial heart pump in refractory CS supplying a circulatory support of 3.5 l/min. We investigated the subgroup of patients which initially exhibited SHRD like ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, and showed an immediately stabilization of heart rhythm directly after insertion of pLVAD (HRS). This subgroup was compared with the other patients of the registry (NHRS). Therefore, clinical laboratory and hemodynamic parameters were measured and analyzed.

Results

In 19 patients of the registry a HRS was observed. Among these patients, a CPR before pLVAD was performed in 89.5% with a mean duration of 30.7min, whereby 52.6% sustained an in-hospital cardiac arrest and 36.9% an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest respectively. In the NHRS subgroup (n=78), a CPR was performed less frequently (39.7%; p<0.001) with shorter mean duration (19.5min; p=0.016) and a lower out-of-hospital ratio (12.8%; p=0.014). The comparison of hemodynamic parameters between the HRS and NHRS cohort showed no difference in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and serum lactate.

The mortality showed no differences between the HRS and NHRS cohort at 30 days (68.4% vs. 58.1%; p=0.413) and 90 days (78.9% vs. 66.7%; p=0.306), despite a more frequent and longer CPR with a higher ratio of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests among the HRS patients. There was also no difference in mortality between patients, who received an in-hospital CPR. However, HRS patients with in-hospital CPR showed a significantly lower serum lactate and NA dosage compared to the NHRS cohort (Figure A & B). Furthermore, NA recovery, defined as 50% decrease as compared to the initial NA dosage, occurred more frequently in the HRS group (HRS 42.9% vs. NHRS 7.1%; p=0.049). The LVEF nearly double in the HRS subgroup after LV-unloading, whereas it did not change in the NHRS subgroup (relative LVEF increase: HRS 95% vs. NHRS 15%).

Figure A & B

Conclusion

The termination of SHRD due to LV-unloading occurred in around 20% of CS patients in Dresden Impella Registry and was associated with a lower serum lactate and NA dosage as well as an improved LVEF among patients with in-hospital CPR.

Acknowledgement/Funding

None

A-12 Neuroticism and Extraversion are Related to Dual Task Postural Stability in Healthy Young Adults

Objective

The relation between personality and postural stability has received little attention. This study addressed whether neuroticism and extraversion are related to changes in postural stability and cognitive functioning during a standing balance task.

Method

Thirty-two healthy young adults completed a personality measure and two cognitive tasks, a 2-back task and a weather prediction task (WPT), both while seated and in tandem stance on a foam mat. Sway was quantified via normalized path lengths, and correlation coefficients were calculated between neuroticism, extraversion and dual task changes in postural stability and cognitive functioning.

Results

Consistent with predictions, higher neuroticism was related to increased dual task sway during the 2-back task, r = 0.40, p = 0.023, and lower extraversion was related to increased dual task sway during the WPT, r = -0.43, p = 0.013.

Conclusions

The results suggest that personality is related to postural stability in healthy young adults and that personality should be considered in the prediction of individuals at risk for falling or in the treatment of individuals with balance difficulties. The task-specific nature of the relation is discussed and may be due to differences in anxiety or underlying brain mechanisms between high neuroticism and low extraversion.

Some haematological parameters, manganese and zinc levels among diabetic patients of African descent attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria

BACKGROUND

World Health Organization statistics identifies that there are about 150 million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide and suggest that this figure may double by 2025.

OBJECTIVE

This research was conducted to determine the status of full blood count, zinc and manganese levels among Diabetic patients attending Specialist Hospital, Sokoto.

METHODS

The participants were divided into two groups; 58 diabetic subjects and 29 non-diabetic controls. Five milliliters of blood were collected into EDTA and plain containers for full blood count, serum zinc and manganese analysis. The FBC investigation was carried out using automated Mythic Haematology analyzer (Orphee, Switzerland) while Zn and Mn investigations were carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The FBC, Zn and Mn status of both control and subjects were compared statistically.

RESULTS

The results obtained in this study showed a significant increase in RBC, PCV, Hb, Basophils, Eosinophil, Lymphocyte count and Manganese levels of diabetic subjects (p⩽ 0.05) when compared with controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the other FBC parameters and Zinc levels between diabetic subjects and non-diabetic controls (p> 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the Hb, PCV and lymphocyte of diabetic patients based on gender (p< 0.05). FBC, Manganese and Zinc have no effect based on age group, while other socio-demographic factors also have no effect on the FBC, Manganese and Zinc parameters of diabetic patients. The study also showed no statistical difference in the FBC, Manganese and Zinc of smokers and non-smokers (p> 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, this research shows that some haematological parameters (RBC count, Basophils, Eosinophil, Lymphocyte, Hb and Manganese) of the diabetic patients are significantly higher compared to non-diabetic controls. Marital status had a significant effect on the Hb, PCV and Lymphocyte of the diabetic patients (p< 0.05). The age group had no significant effect on the Hb, PCV and Lymphocyte of diabetic subjects (p> 0.05).CONCLUSIONS There is need to routinely monitor the full blood count, zinc and manganese levels among diabetic subjects in the area to optimize the care offered to these patients.