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Ellanti P, Mohan K, Moriarity A, Hogan N, McCarthy T. Canal to diaphysis ratio as a risk factor for hip fractures and hip fracture pattern. SICOT J 2017; 3:64. [PMID: 29125120 PMCID: PMC5680670 DOI: 10.1051/sicotj/2017051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoporosis and related fractures constitute a significant burden on modern healthcare. The standard method of diagnosing osteoporosis with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan is limited by accessibility and expense. The thickness of the cortex of the proximal femur on plain radiographs has been suggested to be a method for indicating osteoporosis and as a risk factor of hip fractures in the elderly. Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken to assess the usefulness of the canal-diaphysis ratio (CDR) as a risk factor for developing a hip fracture, excluding patients presenting under 50 years old, following high-energy trauma or pathological fractures. The CDR was measured in 84 neck of femur (NOF) fracture patients and 84 intertrochanteric hip fracture patients, and these were subsequently compared to the CDR of 84 patients without a hip fracture. Measurements were taken on two occasions by two members of the orthopaedic team, so as to assess the test’s inter- and intraobserver reliability. Results: In comparison to those without a fracture, there was a significant difference in the CDR of patients with a NOF fracture (P < 0.0001) and intertrochanteric fracture (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the odds of having a CDR above 60.67 and 64.41 were significantly higher in the NOF (OR = 2.214, P = 0.0129) and intertrochanteric fracture (OR = 32.27, P < 0.0001) groups respectively, when compared to the non-fractured group. The analysis of the test’s inter- and intraobserver reliability showed strong levels of reproducibility. Discussion: We concluded that a raised CDR was associated with an increased incidence of NOF and intertrochanteric hip fracture. Measuring the CDR can thus be considered as a reproducible and inexpensive method of identifying elderly patients at risk of hip fractures.
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Erinjery JJ, Kumar S, Kumara HN, Mohan K, Dhananjaya T, Sundararaj P, Kent R, Singh M. Losing its ground: A case study of fast declining populations of a 'least-concern' species, the bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182140. [PMID: 28832584 PMCID: PMC5568106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The populations of many species that are widespread and commensal with humans have been drastically declining during the past few decades, but little attention has been paid to their conservation. Here, we report the status of the bonnet macaque, a species that is considered ‘least-concern’ for conservation. We show that the widely ranging rhesus macaque is expanding its range into the distributional range of the bonnet macaque, a species endemic only to southern India. Bonnet macaques have very low abundance in forests of all types indicating that it is not a typically forest dwelling species. The traditionally preferred habitats of bonnet macaques have been Hindu temples/ tourist spots but our data reveal that nearly 50% population of bonnet macaques has disappeared from such previously occupied spots. Another preferred habitat of bonnet macaques has been roadsides with abundant Ficus trees adjoining croplands. We found that between 2003 and 2015, the roadsides have drastically changed where vegetation has been replaced with barren lands and urbanization. Consequently, the populations of bonnet macaques have declined by more than 65% over the past 25 years, and by more than 50% between 2003 and 2015 alone. We, therefore, conclude that this ‘least-concern’ species is actually facing serious conservation challenges. We also identify a few places such as small hillocks with natural vegetation and a few temples/tourist spots which are likely to remain stable and thus can serve as ‘bonnet macaque conservation reserves’. Since the bonnet macaque shares many traits with several other commensal and ‘low-risk’ species, it can serve as a model for the development of long-term conservation strategies for most such species.
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Erinjery JJ, Kumara HN, Mohan K, Singh M. Interactions of Lion-Tailed Macaque (<i>Macaca silenus</i>) with Non-Primates in the Western Ghats, India. CURR SCI INDIA 2017. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v112/i10/2129-2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mohan K, Padmanaban AM, Uthayakumar V, Chandirasekar R, Muralisankar T, Chithra E. Anti-cancer effect of the polysaccharide extract from the <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> against HeLa cell lines. BANGL J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v12i1.30252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Srikanthan K, Drouot C, Sukumaran B, Johnson V, Walshaw M, Mohan K. P16 Radial ebus biopsy with guide sheath for peripheral pulmonary lesions. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Srikanthan K, Drouot C, Smyth C, Giles T, Walshaw M, Mohan K. P18 Do bronchial washings improve diagnostic yield in patients undergoing ebus-tbna. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Brockbank L, Hilal E, Holemans J, Greenwood J, Walshaw M, Mohan K. P164 Changing patterns of the use of lung biopsy in interstitial lung disease. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Brockbank L, Hilal E, Johns L, Walshaw M, Mohan K. P165 Surgical lung biopsy in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease – where are we now? Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mohan K, Weiss GA. Engineering chemically modified viruses for prostate cancer cell recognition. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:3264-72. [PMID: 26463253 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00511f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Specific detection of circulating tumor cells and characterization of their aggressiveness could improve cancer diagnostics and treatment. Metastasis results from such tumor cells, and causes the majority of cancer deaths. Chemically modified viruses could provide an inexpensive and efficient approach to detect tumor cells and quantitate their cell surface biomarkers. However, non-specific adhesion between the cell surface receptors and the virus surface presents a challenge. This report describes wrapping the virus surface with different PEG architectures, including as fusions to oligolysine, linkers, spacers and scaffolded ligands. The reported PEG wrappers can reduce by >75% the non-specific adhesion of phage to cell surfaces. Dynamic light scattering verified the non-covalent attachment by the reported wrappers as increased sizes of the virus particles. Further modifications resulted in specific detection of prostate cancer cells expressing PSMA, a key prostate cancer biomarker. The approach allowed quantification of PSMA levels on the cell surface, and could distinguish more aggressive forms of the disease.
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Ramgattie R, Siew N, Suepaul S, Diptee M, Mohan K, Stoute V, Knights M. Effect of season on semen characteristics in water buffalo. Anim Reprod Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Prasanna K, Ghosh P, Bhattacharya SK, Mohan K, Anilkumar N. Isotopic disequilibrium in Globigerina bulloides and carbon isotope response to productivity increase in Southern Ocean. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21533. [PMID: 26903274 PMCID: PMC4763226 DOI: 10.1038/srep21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios in planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides collected from tow samples along a transect from the equatorial Indian ocean to the Southern Ocean (45°E and 80°E and 10°N to 53°S) were analysed and compared with the equilibrium δ18O and δ13C values of calcite calculated using the temperature and isotopic composition of the water column. The results agree within ~0.25‰ for the region between 10°N and 40°S and 75–200 m water depth which is considered to be the habitat of Globigerina bulloides. Further south (from 40°S to 55°S), however, the measured δ18O and δ13C values are higher than the expected values by ~2‰ and ~1‰ respectively. These enrichments can be attributed to either a ‘vital effect’ or a higher calcification rate. An interesting pattern of increase in the δ13C(DIC) value of the surface water with latitude is observed between 35°S and~ 60°S, with a peak at~ 42°S. This can be caused by increased organic matter production and associated removal. A simple model accounting for the increase in the δ13C(DIC) values is proposed which fits well with the observed chlorophyll abundance as a function of latitude.
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Johnson V, Stables W, Binu S, Smyth C, Walshaw M, Mohan K. P172 Training nurses in sampling and acquisition of specimen during EBUS guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Nithin K, Mohan K, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Agarwal D. Compliance with iron-folic acid (IFA) therapy among pregnant women in an urban area of south India. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:255-60. [PMID: 26060488 PMCID: PMC4449048 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is highly prevalent among pregnant women and iron deficiency is the most important cause. Like many other countries, India has policies to give pregnant women iron supplements. Non-compliance is one important challenging factor in combating anaemia. OBJECTIVE To estimate the compliance for IFA tablets among pregnant women and to study the social factors influencing it. METHODOLOGY This study included 190 pregnant women seeking ante-natal care in tertiary health Centres in the Mangalore city in South India. After Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval, data was collected by personal interview. Missing ≥2 doses consecutively was considered non-compliance. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 11.5. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 25.8 years (SD: 4.1). Majority of the subjects consumed mixed diet and 72.1% belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Overall, compliance with IFA tablets was 64.7%. Compliance increased with the increase in age, birth order and single daily dose. Forgetfulness and both perceived as well as experienced side effects of IFA therapy were the important factors for non-compliance. CONCLUSION There was a moderate level of Compliance towards IFA tablets with key social and demographic factors playing important role.
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Mukherjee A, Trivedi RG, Singh R, Rajnish K, Machchhar H, Ajesh P, Suthar G, Soni D, Patel M, Mohan K, Hari JVS, Kazarian F, Beaumont B, Lamalle P, Gassmann T. Ion Cyclotron Power Source System For ITER. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.13182/fst13-640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Singh BP, Mohan K, Singh CK. Facies-Dependent Occurrence of Shrinkage Cracks in the Glauconitic Sandstone, Semri Group, Vindhyan Supergroup. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-013-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Nithin K, Mohan K, Kulkarni V, Kulkarni V, Agarwal D. Compliance with iron-folic acid (IFA) therapy among pregnant women in an urban area of south India. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:880-5. [PMID: 24940307 PMCID: PMC4056486 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is highly prevalent among pregnant women and iron deficiency is the most important cause. Like many other countries, India has policies to give pregnant women iron supplements. Non-compliance is one important challenging factor in combating anaemia. OBJECTIVE To estimate the compliance for IFA tablets among pregnant women and to study the social factors influencing it. METHODOLOGY This study included 190 pregnant women seeking ante-natal care in tertiary health centres in the Mangalore city in south India. After Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval, data was collected by personal interview. Missing >2 doses consecutively was considered non-compliance. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 11.5. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 25.8 years (SD: 4.1). Most of the subjects consumed mixed diet and 72.1% belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Overall, compliance with IFA tablets was 64.7%. Compliance increased with the increase in age, birth order and single daily dose. Forgetfulness and both perceived as well as experienced side effects of IFA therapy were the important factors for non-compliance. CONCLUSION There was a moderate level of compliance towards IFA tablets with key social and demographic factors playing an important role.
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Lamalle P, Beaumont B, Kazarian F, Gassmann T, Agarici G, Ajesh P, Alonzo T, Arambhadiya B, Argouarch A, Bamber R, Berger-By G, Bernard JM, Brun C, Carpentier S, Clairet F, Colas L, Courtois X, Davis A, Dechelle C, Doceul L, Dumortier P, Durodié F, Ferlay F, Firdaouss M, Fredd E, Giacalone JC, Goulding R, Greenough N, Grine D, Hancock D, Hari J, Hillairet J, Hosea J, Huygen S, Jacquinot J, Jacquot J, Kaye A, Keller D, Kyrytsya V, Lockley D, Louche F, Machchhar H, Manon E, Mantel N, Martin R, McCarthy M, Messiaen A, Meunier L, Milanesio D, Missirlian M, Mohan K, Mukherjee A, Nightingale M, Patadia D, Patel A, Perrollaz G, Peters B, Pitts R, Porton M, Rajnish K, Rasmussen D, Rathi D, Sanabria R, Sartori R, Shannon M, Simonetto A, Singh R, Suthar G, Swain D, Thomas P, Tigwell P, Trivedi R, Vervier M, Vrancken M, Wilson D, Winkler K. Status of the ITER Ion Cyclotron H&CD system. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yadav R, Mohan K, Kumar V, Sarkar M, Nitu K, Meyer HHD, Prakash BS. Development and validation of a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for blood plasma cortisol in female cattle, buffaloes, and goats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 45:72-8. [PMID: 23816261 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that used the second antibody coating technique and the cortisol-horseradish peroxidase conjugate as a label for determination of free and total cortisol in blood plasma of dairy animals (cows, buffaloes, and goats) was developed. For biological validation of the EIA, blood samples were collected from the animals at 48 and 24 h before and 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, and 132 h after dexamethasone administration. The EIA was performed directly with 20 μL of fresh plasma (for free cortisol) and also with 20 μL of heat-treated plasma (for total cortisol) after 1:5 dilutions with PBS. Cortisol standards ranging from 0.39 to 200 pg/well/20 μL were used, and the sensitivity of the EIA procedure was found to be 0.39 pg/well/20 μL, which corresponded to 0.02 ng/mL. In comparison with RIA the EIA was at least 4 times more sensitive and required 5 times less cortisol antiserum. In female cattle, buffaloes, and goats, the total, free, and bound plasma cortisol before dexamethasone administration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the total, free, and bound cortisol after dexamethasone administration. It can be concluded from these studies that the direct, sensitive EIA validated for estimating the free and total cortisol concentrations was sufficiently reliable and quick for studying the dynamics of cortisol distribution in blood plasma of dairy animals.
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Nazareth D, Dyce P, Mohan K, Walshaw M. WS16.2 Glucose handling in CF – Implications for the diagnosis and screening of CFRD. J Cyst Fibros 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(13)60096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Walker D, Knuchel-Takano A, McCutchan A, Chang YM, Downes C, Miller S, Stevens K, Verheyen K, Phillips A, Miah S, Turmaine M, Hibbert A, Steiner J, Suchodolski J, Mohan K, Eastwood J, Allenspach K, Smith K, Garden O. A Comprehensive Pathological Survey of Duodenal Biopsies from Dogs with Diet-Responsive Chronic Enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:862-74. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Mohan K, Jayakumar K, Narayanaswamy H, Pavithra B, Bayer-Darmel M. Study of potential toxic effects of acetylsalicylic acid upon short-term repeated oral administration in chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2012.692328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Nazareth D, Mohan K, Walshaw M. S124 The Role of Pancreatic Beta-Cells in the Diurnal Variation of Glucose Handling in Cystic Fibrosis: Abstract S124 Table 1. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Krishnaraj C, Ramachandran R, Mohan K, Kalaichelvan PT. Optimization for rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its effect on phytopathogenic fungi. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 93:95-99. [PMID: 22465774 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by green chemistry approach using Acalypha indica leaf extract as reducing agents. The reaction medium employed in the synthesis process was optimized to attain better yield, controlled size and stability. Further, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were conformed through UV-vis spectrum, XRD and HR-TEM analyses. Different concentration of silver nanoparticles were tested to know the inhibitory effect of fungal plant pathogens namely Alternaria alternata, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea and Curvularia lunata. Interestingly, 15 mg concentration of silver nanoparticles showed excellent inhibitory activity against all the tested pathogens. Thus, the obtained results clearly suggest that silver nanoparticles may have important applications in controlling various plant diseases caused by fungi.
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Mohan K, Brager N, Rabin H, Leong J, Meloff L, Nyberg L. 332 The prevalence of eating disordered attitudes and behaviour in the cystic fibrosis lung transplant population. J Cyst Fibros 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(12)60500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gallagher J, Nazareth D, Kazmi S, Mohan K, Greenwood J, Ledson M, Walshaw M. 177 Management and outcomes following pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(12)60347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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