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Sagadevan A, Hwang KC, Su MD. Singlet oxygen-mediated selective C-H bond hydroperoxidation of ethereal hydrocarbons. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1812. [PMID: 29180784 PMCID: PMC5703888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet O2 is a key reactive oxygen species responsible for photodynamic therapy and is generally recognized to be chemically reactive towards C=C double bonds. Herein, we report the hydroperoxidation/lactonization of α-ethereal C-H bonds by singlet O2 (1Δg) under exceptionally mild conditions, i.e., room temperature and ambient pressure, with modest to high yields (38~90%) and excellent site selectivity. Singlet O2 has been known for > 90 years, but was never reported to be able to react with weakly activated C-H bonds in saturated hydrocarbons. Theoretical calculations indicate that singlet O2 directly inserts into the α-ethereal C-H bond in one step with conservation of steric configuration in products. The current discovery of chemical reaction of singlet oxygen with weakly activated solvent C-H bonds, in addition to physical relaxation pathway, provides an important clue to a 35-year-old unresolved mystery regarding huge variations of solvent dependent lifetime of singlet O2.
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Hwu JR, Chandrasekhar DB, Hwang KC, Lin C, Horng J, Shieh F. Reductive Deamination by Benzyne for Deoxy Sugar Synthesis Through a Domino Reaction. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:331-335. [PMID: 28638762 PMCID: PMC5474666 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzyne was developed as a reducing agent in the key step of converting amino sugars and ketoses into deoxy sugars, which occur widely in natural products. Many deoxy sugars exhibit antibiotic and anticancer activities, and furthermore, they play essential biological roles. By treatment with CS2 and then Ac2O, amino sugars and ketoses were converted into the corresponding 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thiones. In the key step, these intermediates were treated with 2-trimethylsilylphenyl triflate (2.0 equiv.) and CsF (3.0 equiv.) in MeCN at 25 °C to produce acyclic enol acetates in 60-63 % yields. Saponification of the enol acetates with NaOMe/MeOH followed by intramolecular cyclization afforded the target 2-deoxy sugars. The key step of the reductive deamination involved a domino 1,2-elimination/[3+2]-cycloaddition/retro [3+2]-ring-opening sequence. The generality of this new method was proven by the use of various substrates, including pentoses, hexoses, monosaccharides, disaccharides, aldoses, and ketoses.
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Sagadevan A, Charpe VP, Ragupathi A, Hwang KC. Visible Light Copper Photoredox-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Phenols and Terminal Alkynes: Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Ketones via C≡C Triple Bond Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2896-2899. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ragupathi A, Charpe VP, Sagadevan A, Hwang KC. Visible Light-Mediated Copper(I)-Catalysed Aerobic Oxidation of Ynamides/Ynamines at Room Temperature: A Sustainable Approach to the Synthesis of α-Ketoimides/α-Ketoamides. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wu CH, Wang WH, Hong CC, Hwang KC. A disposable breath sensing tube with on-tube single-nanowire sensor array for on-site detection of exhaled breath biomarkers. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4395-4405. [PMID: 27738678 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01157h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel disposable breath-sensing tube with an on-tube single-nanowire (NW) sensor array for noninvasive, simple, and on-site detection of exhaled breath biomarkers. Although various noninvasive detection methods for lung cancer biomarkers in breath samples exist, they are unsuitable for self-diagnostics and immediate detection because they entail complicated handling procedures and are time intensive. In this study, we simulated, fabricated, and characterized disposable nanosensors by using single TiO2 and Ag NWs in flexible plastic tubes. The proposed sensors simultaneously detect 2-propyl-1-pentanol (2-PP) lung cancer biomarkers and changes in the humidity, flow rate, and temperature of the flowing gas. The optimal dimension of the tubes was determined and verified through dynamic simulations and experiments. The current tube design decreases sensing variation and moisture interference by 43.28% and 78.77%, respectively, compared with previous designs. In the future, the proposed breath sensor, which has a response time of less than 10 s, can be used in a tube for simple and quick screening of lung cancer patients with the 2-PP concentration exceeding 100 ppb. The developed breath-sensing platform can be applied in noninvasive on-site disease screening.
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Vijayaraghavan P, Liu CH, Hwang KC. Synthesis of Multibranched Gold Nanoechinus Using a Gemini Cationic Surfactant and Its Application for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:23909-19. [PMID: 27556284 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
High-yield multibranched Au nanoechinus possessing lengthy and dense branched nanorods on the surface were synthesized using a seed-mediated surfactant-directed approach in the presence of gemini cationic surfactant N,N,N'N'-tetramethyl-N,N'-ditetradecylethane-1,2-diaminium bromide (C14C2C14Br2), HAuCl4, AgNO3, and ascorbic acid. C14C2C14Br2 surfactant provides a versatile template in designing the unique morphology of Au nanoechinus with the assistance of AgNO3. UV-vis spectroscopic analysis proves that Au nanoechinus possess a unique intense broad localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak, which extends from 400 to 1700 nm in the NIR region making a highly potential platform for biomedical applications. Systematic time-dependent TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XRD analysis were performed to monitor the morphological evolution of multibranched Au nanoechinus. It was found that the surface of branched nanorods of Au NE preferentially grew along (111) crystal planes. Furthermore, as-synthesized Au nanoechinus shows excellent SERS enhancement ability for dopamine inside HeLa cells.
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Kalluru P, Vankayala R, Chiang CS, Hwang KC. Nano-graphene oxide-mediated In vivo fluorescence imaging and bimodal photodynamic and photothermal destruction of tumors. Biomaterials 2016; 95:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Tsay SC, Lin SY, Huang WC, Hsu MH, Hwang KC, Lin CC, Horng JC, Chen IC, Hwu JR, Shieh FK, Leyssen P, Neyts J. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Imidazole-Coumarin Conjugates against Hepatitis C Virus. Molecules 2016; 21:E228. [PMID: 26901180 PMCID: PMC6273635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new conjugated compounds with a -SCH₂- linkage were synthesized by chemical methods from imidazole and coumarin derivatives. The experimental results indicate that of the twenty newly synthesized imidazole-coumarin conjugates, three of them exhibited appealing EC50 values (5.1-8.4 μM) and selective indices >20 against hepatitis C virus. Their potency and selectivity were increased substantially by modification of their structure with two factors: imidazole nucleus with a hydrogen atom at the N(1) position and coumarin nucleus with a substituent, such as Cl, F, Br, Me, and OMe. These guidelines provide valuable information for further development of conjugated compounds as anti-viral agents.
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Ragupathi A, Sagadevan A, Lin CC, Hwu JR, Hwang KC. Copper(i)-catalysed oxidative C–N coupling of 2-aminopyridine with terminal alkynes featuring a CC bond cleavage promoted by visible light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11756-11759. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05506k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and eco-friendly approach to aerobic oxidative C–N coupling of 2-aminopyridine with terminal alkynes for preparation of biologically important pyridyl-amides via CC triple bond cleavage at room temperature.
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Sagadevan A, Charpe VP, Hwang KC. Copper(i) chloride catalysed room temperature Csp–Csp homocoupling of terminal alkynes mediated by visible light. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01400c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An eco-friendly approach to the Csp–Csp homocoupling of terminal alkynes (including electron-withdrawing groups) was achieved at room temperature via a copper(i) chloride catalysed process mediated by visible light.
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Sagadevan A, Ragupathi A, Hwang KC. Frontispiece: Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Indoles: Three-Component Coupling of Arylamines, Terminal Alkynes, and Quinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201584761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sagadevan A, Ragupathi A, Hwang KC. Frontispiz: Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Indoles: Three‐Component Coupling of Arylamines, Terminal Alkynes, and Quinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201584761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sagadevan A, Ragupathi A, Hwang KC. Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Indoles: Three‐Component Coupling of Arylamines, Terminal Alkynes, and Quinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Sagadevan A, Ragupathi A, Hwang KC. Photoinduced Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Indoles: Three-Component Coupling of Arylamines, Terminal Alkynes, and Quinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13896-901. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Swain SP, Shih YC, Tsay SC, Jacob J, Lin CC, Hwang KC, Horng JC, Hwu JR. Aryne-Induced Novel Tandem 1,2-Addition/(3+2) Cycloaddition to Generate Imidazolidines and Pyrrolidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Swain SP, Shih Y, Tsay S, Jacob J, Lin C, Hwang KC, Horng J, Hwu JR. Aryne‐Induced Novel Tandem 1,2‐Addition/(3+2) Cycloaddition to Generate Imidazolidines and Pyrrolidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9926-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Fan JW, Vankayala R, Chang CL, Chang CH, Chiang CS, Hwang KC. Preparation, cytotoxicity and in vivo bioimaging of highly luminescent water-soluble silicon quantum dots. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:215703. [PMID: 25943071 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/21/215703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Designing various inorganic nanomaterials that are cost effective, water soluble, optically photostable, highly fluorescent and biocompatible for bioimaging applications is a challenging task. Similar to semiconducting quantum dots (QDs), silicon QDs are another alternative and are highly fluorescent, but non-water soluble. Several surface modification strategies were adopted to make them water soluble. However, the photoluminescence of Si QDs was seriously quenched in the aqueous environment. In this report, highly luminescent, water-dispersible, blue- and green-emitting Si QDs were prepared with good photostability. In vitro studies in monocytes reveal that Si QDs exhibit good biocompatibility and excellent distribution throughout the cytoplasm region, along with the significant fraction translocated into the nucleus. The in vivo zebrafish studies also reveal that Si QDs can be evenly distributed in the yolk-sac region. Overall, our results demonstrate the applicability of water-soluble and highly fluorescent Si QDs as excellent in vitro and in vivo bioimaging probes.
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Hwu JR, Kapoor M, Tsay SC, Lin CC, Hwang KC, Horng JC, Chen IC, Shieh FK, Leyssen P, Neyts J. Benzouracil-coumarin-arene conjugates as inhibiting agents for chikungunya virus. Antiviral Res 2015; 118:103-9. [PMID: 25839734 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus that was first recognized in an epidemic form in East Africa in 1952-1953. The virus is primarily transmitted through mosquitoes and the resulting disease, chikungunya fever, is found in nearly 40 countries. Neither an effective vaccine nor a specific antiviral drug exists for treatments of chikungunya fever. Thus 22 new conjugated compounds of uracil-coumarin-arene were designed and synthesized as potential inhibiting agents. Their chemical structures were determined unambiguously by spectroscopic methods, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. The three units in these conjugates were connected by specially designed -SCH2- and -OSO2- joints. Five of these new conjugates were found to inhibit CHIKV in Vero cells with significant potency (EC50 = 10.2-19.1 μM) and showed low toxicity (CC50 = 75.2-178 μM). The selective index values were 8.8-11.5 for three conjugates. By analysis of the data from the anti-viral assays, the structure-activity relationship is derived on the basis of the nature of the uracil, the functional groups attached to the arene, and the joints between the ring units.
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Hwang KC, Sagadevan A. One-pot room-temperature conversion of cyclohexane to adipic acid by ozone and UV light. Science 2014; 346:1495-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1259684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Vijayaraghavan P, Liu CH, Vankayala R, Chiang CS, Hwang KC. Designing multi-branched gold nanoechinus for NIR light activated dual modal photodynamic and photothermal therapy in the second biological window. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6689-6695. [PMID: 25042520 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoechinus can sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen in the first and the second near-infra red (NIR) biological windows and exert in vivo dual modal photodynamic and photothermal therapeutic effects (PDT and PTT) to destruct the tumors completely. This is the first literature example of the destruction of tumors in NIR window II induced by dual modal nanomaterial-mediated photodynamic and photothermal therapy (NmPDT & NmPTT).
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Adak AK, Li BY, Huang LD, Lin TW, Chang TC, Hwang KC, Lin CC. Fabrication of antibody microarrays by light-induced covalent and oriented immobilization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:10452-10460. [PMID: 24903424 DOI: 10.1021/am502011r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibody microarrays have important applications for the sensitive detection of biologically important target molecules and as biosensors for clinical applications. Microarrays produced by oriented immobilization of antibodies generally have higher antigen-binding capacities than those in which antibodies are immobilized with random orientations. Here, we present a UV photo-cross-linking approach that utilizes boronic acid to achieve oriented immobilization of an antibody on a surface while retaining the antigen-binding activity of the immobilized antibody. A photoactive boronic acid probe was designed and synthesized in which boronic acid provided good affinity and specificity for the recognition of glycan chains on the Fc region of the antibody, enabling covalent tethering to the antibody upon exposure to UV light. Once irradiated with optimal UV exposure (16 mW/cm(2)), significant antibody immobilization on a boronic acid-presenting surface with maximal antigen detection sensitivity in a single step was achieved, thus obviating the necessity of prior antibody modifications. The developed approach is highly modular, as demonstrated by its implementation in sensitive sandwich immunoassays for the protein analytes Ricinus communis agglutinin 120, human prostate-specific antigen, and interleukin-6 with limits of detection of 7.4, 29, and 16 pM, respectively. Furthermore, the present system enabled the detection of multiple analytes in samples without any noticeable cross-reactivities. Antibody coupling via the use of boronic acid and UV light represents a practical, oriented immobilization method with significant implications for the construction of a large array of immunosensors for diagnostic applications.
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Vankayala R, Lin CC, Kalluru P, Chiang CS, Hwang KC. Gold nanoshells-mediated bimodal photodynamic and photothermal cancer treatment using ultra-low doses of near infra-red light. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5527-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vankayala R, Chiang CS, Chao JI, Yuan CJ, Lin SY, Hwang KC. A general strategy to achieve ultra-high gene transfection efficiency using lipid-nanoparticle composites. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8261-72. [PMID: 24973297 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy provides a new hope for previously "incurable" diseases. Low gene transfection efficiency, however, is the bottle-neck to the success of gene therapy. It is very challenging to develop non-viral nanocarriers to achieve ultra-high gene transfection efficiencies. Herein, we report a novel design of "tight binding-but-detachable" lipid-nanoparticle composite to achieve ultrahigh gene transfection efficiencies of 60∼82%, approaching the best value (∼90%) obtained using viral vectors. We show that Fe@CNPs nanoparticles coated with LP-2000 lipid molecules can be used as gene carriers to achieve ultra-high (60-80%) gene transfection efficiencies in HeLa, U-87MG, and TRAMP-C1 cells. In contrast, Fe@CNPs having surface-covalently bound N,N,N-trimethyl-N-2-methacryloxyethyl ammonium chloride (TMAEA) oligomers can only achieve low (23-28%) gene transfection efficiencies. Similarly ultrahigh gene transfection/expression was also observed in zebrafish model using lipid-coated Fe@CNPs as gene carriers. Evidences for tight binding and detachability of DNA from lipid-nanoparticle nanocarriers will be presented.
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Vankayala R, Huang YK, Kalluru P, Chiang CS, Hwang KC. First demonstration of gold nanorods-mediated photodynamic therapeutic destruction of tumors via near infra-red light activation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1612-1622. [PMID: 24339243 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previously, a large volume of papers reports that gold nanorods (Au NRs) are able to effectively kill cancer cells upon high laser doses (usually 808 nm, 1-48 W/cm²) irradiation, leading to hyperthermia-induced destruction of cancer cells, i.e, photothermal therapy (PTT) effects. Combination of Au NRs-mediated PTT and organic photosensitizers-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) were also reported to achieve synergistic PTT and PDT effects on killing cancer cells. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that Au NRs alone can sensitize formation of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and exert dramatic PDT effects on complete destrcution of tumors in mice under very low LED/laser doses of single photon NIR (915 nm, <130 mW/cm²) light excitation. By changing the NIR light excitation wavelengths, Au NRs-mediated phototherapeutic effects can be switched from PDT to PTT or combination of both. Both PDT and PTT effects were confirmed by measurements of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat shock protein (HSP 70), singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) sensing, and sodium azide quenching in cellular experiments. In vivo mice experiments further show that the PDT effect via irradiation of Au NRs by 915 nm can destruct the B16F0 melanoma tumor in mice far more effectively than doxorubicin (a clinically used anti-cancer drug) as well as the PTT effect (via irradiation of Au NRs by 780 nm light). In addition, we show that Au NRs can emit single photon-induced fluorescence to illustrate their in vivo locations/distribution.
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Vankayala R, Kalluru P, Tsai HH, Chiang CS, Hwang KC. Effects of surface functionality of carbon nanomaterials on short-term cytotoxicity and embryonic development in zebrafish. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1038-1047. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21497d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cationic surface functionalities of nanomaterials, such as imidazolium and trimethylammonium ethyl methacrylate, induce strong cytotoxicity in vitro and in zebrafish.
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