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Boyd L, Gracie S. Femoral Arterial Sheath Removal – Aligning Practice with Evidence to Promote Patient Safety. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ling H, Muggia F, Speyer J, Curtin J, Blank S, Boyd L, Pothuri B, Li X, Goldberg J, Tiersten A. Combination of irinotecan and bevacizumab for heavily pretreated recur- rent ovarian cancer: A phase II trial. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Blank S, Greenwald J, Boyd L, Pothuri B, Curtin J. Trial design and endpoint definition for conservative management of endometrial neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Huyser C, Boyd L. ART in South Africa: The price to pay. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2013; 5:91-9. [PMID: 24753934 PMCID: PMC3987358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing countries especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection -together with limited resources adds to the hindrances in becoming a parent. Although the South African's Bill of Rights proclaim that South Africans can "make decisions concerning reproduction"; access to and the use of Assisted Reproduction Technology (ART) are viewed in general as excessively expensive, accessible only to the privileged few. A dissection of cost-drivers within an ART laboratory, such as procedures; sperm preparations; laboratory supplies including embryo culture media and cryopreservation are discussed in the current overview. Subject to the nature of an ART practice, i.e. private vs. public/tertiary, the structure of a unit will vary with regards to patient demographics, costs and services offered. The average fees per procedure for 20 practices in the private sector in South Africa are: (i) IUI: € 542 ± €159, (ii) IVF: € 3,255 ± € 576 and (iii) ICSI: €3,302 ± € 625. Laboratory costs can contribute between 35 and 48% of ART fees payable in the private sector. Low-cost public ART services are available to citizens of the country at a few tertiary academic units. Some private practices also cater specifically for middle-income citizens. ART procedures need not be propelled towards the must-have and cannot-do without approach, but providers should also reflect on the validity of the techniques and equipment, without compromising treatment virtue.
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Verschraegen CF, Czok S, Muller CY, Boyd L, Lee SJ, Rutledge T, Blank S, Pothuri B, Eberhardt S, Muggia F. Phase II study of bevacizumab with liposomal doxorubicin for patients with platinum- and taxane-resistant ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:3104-3110. [PMID: 22851407 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppression of neoangiogenesis and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) each contribute to the management of platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer. The aim of this study is to test the combination of bevacizumab and PLD in women with resistant or refractory ovarian cancer. METHODS Eligibility criteria were no more than two prior treatments with platinum-containing regimens and one additional regimen, without anthracyclines. Treatment was administered every 3 weeks (bevacizumab 15 mg/kg beginning on cycle 2 and PLD 30 mg/m(2)). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months; the secondary end points included side-effects, overall response rates (ORR) and survival (OS). RESULTS Forty-six patients were enrolled. The average number of courses administered was 7. The median PFS was 6.6 months (range 1-24.6 months) according to Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup Committee (GCIC) criteria and 7.8 months (range 2-13.3 months) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). The median OS was 33.2 months (range 3-37.5+ months). The ORR was 30.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 17.2-46.1] and the clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 86.1% (95% CI 72.1-94.7). Adverse events included mucosal and dermal erosions (30% grade 3) and asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction. Additional toxic effects included hypertension, headache, renal dysfunction and proteinuria, wound healing delay, and one episode each of central nervous system (CNS) ischemia and hemolytic uremic syndrome. CONCLUSION PLD with bevacizumab has improved activity in recurrent ovarian cancer with increased toxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/adverse effects
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bevacizumab
- Bridged-Ring Compounds/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Disease-Free Survival
- Doxorubicin/adverse effects
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Platinum/pharmacology
- Taxoids/pharmacology
- Treatment Outcome
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Parkin DM, Boyd L, Walker LC. 16. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010. Br J Cancer 2011; 105 Suppl 2:S77-81. [PMID: 22158327 PMCID: PMC3252065 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This chapter summarises the results of the preceding sections, which estimate the fraction of cancers occurring in the UK in 2010 that can be attributed to sub-optimal, past exposures of 14 lifestyle and environmental risk factors. For each of 18 cancer types, we present the percentage of cases attributable to one or all of the risk factors considered (tobacco, alcohol, four elements of diet (consumption of meat, fruit and vegetables, fibre, and salt), overweight, lack of physical exercise, occupation, infections, radiation (ionising and solar), use of hormones, and reproductive history (breast feeding)).Exposure to less than optimum levels of the 14 factors was responsible for 42.7% of cancers in the UK in 2010 (45.3% in men, 40.1% in women)--a total of about 134,000 cases.Tobacco smoking is by far the most important risk factor for cancer in the UK, responsible for 60, 000 cases (19.4% of all new cancer cases) in 2010. The relative importance of other exposures differs by sex. In men, deficient intake of fruits and vegetables (6.1%), occupational exposures (4.9%) and alcohol consumption (4.6%) are next in importance, while in women, it is overweight and obesity (because of the effect on breast cancer)--responsible for 6.9% of cancers, followed by infectious agents (3.7%).Population-attributable fractions provide a valuable quantitative appraisal of the impact of different factors in cancer causation, and are thus helpful in prioritising cancer control strategies. However, quantifying the likely impact of preventive interventions requires rather complex scenario modelling, including specification of realistically achievable population distributions of risk factors, and the timescale of change, as well as the latent periods between exposure and outcome, and the rate of change following modification in exposure level.
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Parkin DM, Boyd L. 6. Cancers attributable to dietary factors in the UK in 2010. III. Low consumption of fibre. Br J Cancer 2011; 105 Suppl 2:S27-30. [PMID: 22158316 PMCID: PMC3252068 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Parkin DM, Boyd L. 4. Cancers attributable to dietary factors in the UK in 2010. I. Low consumption of fruit and vegetables. Br J Cancer 2011; 105 Suppl 2:S19-23. [PMID: 22158313 PMCID: PMC3252058 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Al Rawi S, Louvet-Vallee S, Djeddi A, Sachse M, Culetto E, Hajjar C, Boyd L, Legouis R, Galy V. Postfertilization Autophagy of Sperm Organelles Prevents Paternal Mitochondrial DNA Transmission. Science 2011; 334:1144-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1211878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Parkin DM, Boyd L. P1-277 The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976e.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Edwards J, Meehan S, Linsdell M, Boyd L. P25.24 Intracortical excitability in clinical populations: a comparison of paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation methodologies in healthy elderly adults and individuals with stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zabukovec J, Lam T, Boyd L. S6.4 Does primary motor cortex plasticity parallel adaptive modification to human walking? Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pua T, Jewell A, Novetsky A, Lee J, Friedman K, Whyte J, Boyd L, Pothuri B, Curtin J, Blank S. Incidental gynecologic FDG-PET/CT findings in women with a history of breast cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Czok S, Jewell A, Shawki S, Boyd L, Smith H, Blank S, Muller C, Verschraegen C, Muggia F. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin with bevacizumab in the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: Toxicity profile results. Gynecol Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Naumovski N, Veysey M, Ng X, Boyd L, Dufficy L, Blades B, Travers C, Lewis P, Sturm J, Townley-Jones M, Yates Z, Roach P, Lucock M. The folic acid endophenotype and depression in an elderly population. J Nutr Health Aging 2010; 14:829-33. [PMID: 21125200 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Folate status and/or genes have been linked to depression in a number of studies. This may be via a direct action (or actions) on neuronal membranes or indirect effects through the metabolism of methyl groups involved in neurotransmitter synthesis. This study examines folate and related thiol metabolism that might underpin either phenomenon. DESIGN Cohort study describing the relationship between several genetic and nutritional aspects of folic acid homeostasis and depression assessed by the HADS psychometric index in an elderly cohort. SETTING New South Wales (Australia) retirement village. PARTICIPANTS 118 elderly participants (age 65-90 years). RESULTS Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the best statistical model to predict depression; C677T-MTHFR (p=0.0103) was found to be positively associated with depression, while the thiol dipeptide Cys-Gly was negatively associated (p=0.0403). The statistical models used accounted for the major folate related indices (genetic and biochemical) that are most often evaluated in the context of health and disease. When only genetic data were examined for interactions, C677T-MTHFR was found to be negatively associated with the HADS Depression Index Score (p=0.0191). CONCLUSION The potential influence of Cys-Gly on this phenotype is novel, and of considerable interest given that it has been linked to altered spontaneous activity and sedation in an animal model. Cys-Gly is a recognised ligand at the N-methyl-D-aspartatic acid (NMDA) subclass of glutamate receptor, a system associated with depression. In addition, the C677T-MTHFR association adds further support to existing findings underscoring the potential role of folate in depression.
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Gallaher E, Boyd L, Stepto N, Snow R, Aughey R. Compression garments enhance recovery following Australian Football training. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2010.10.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Boyd L, Gallaher E, Ball K, Stepto N, Aughey R, Varley M. Practical application of accelerometers in Australian football. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2010.10.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Muggia FM, Boyd L, Liebes L, Downey A, Muller C, Pothuri B, Blank S, Rutledge T, Fishman D, Verschraegen C. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) with bevacizumab (B) in second-line treatment of ovarian cancer (OC): Pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and preliminary outcome results. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5548 Background: PLD activity in platinum-resistant OC is modest. B, with its activity in platinum(Plat)-sensitive and Plat-resistant patients (pts), has not been combined with PLD. PLD intratumoral concentrations, if affected by B, might be reflected in PLD PK. This phase II study of PLD + B was started in 2007 to accrue 48 pts, unless 4 serious (> grade 3) adverse events (AEs) supervened. Methods: Improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 m from 25 to 40% at 6 m in Plat-resistant OC is primary endpoint. PK of PLD alone at 1h, d 7 and d 21 (cycle 1) vs with B (cycle 2), safety, and response rates (RECIST and CA125 criteria) were secondary endpoints. Dosing: PLD 30 mg/m2 followed by B 15 mg/kg on cycles 2–7 (with option to continue) d 1 every 3 w. Pts recurring within 6 m of platinum-based treatment for OC after < 3 prior regimens (but no PLD or B) were eligible. Exclusions: bowel obstruction, prior perforation, uncontrolled hypertension, or vascular disease. Hematologic, mucocutaneous and renal toxicities were evaluated prior to each cycle, MUGA scans every third cycle; disease status by CA125 and/or RECIST every third cycle. Results: 21 of 24 pts enrolled to date are evaluable. Median age is 65, range 52–83; most had 2 prior chemotherapy regimens. Median 6 (range 3–12) cycles were given with 6 off study with progression at 3–7 cycles. RECIST and CA125 responses are under review; in 11 pts with baseline CA125 of > 40 IU/mL, median increase was 31% by cycle 2; later falling to -57%. AEs did not exceed grade 3; hand-foot syndrome led to PLD dose reduction in 8 pts (33%); asymptomatic decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >10% in 3 pts were noted, with treatment discontinuation in 1. The mean (±SEM) secondary PK parameter estimates for Cmax, AUC, and elimination half life were 4.5 ± 0.5 ug/mL, 651.7 ± 61 ug/mL x h, and 93.3 ± 19.7 h, respectively. Conclusions: Cycles 1 and 2 PLD PK do not differ. PLD + B is tolerable with PLD dose modifications. Declines in LVEF in 1 institution have uncertain causality. Midway into the trial, safety and time on study encourage completion for study primary endpoint. [Table: see text]
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Magiorakos AP, Suetens C, Boyd L, Costa C, Cunney R, Drouvot V, Farrugia C, Fernandez-Maillo MM, Iversen BG, Leens E, Michael S, Moro ML, Reinhardt C, Serban R, Vatcheva-Dobrevska R, Wilson K, Heisbourg E, Maltezou HC, Strauss R, Böröcz K, Dolinšek M, Dumpis U, Erne S, Gudlaugsson O, Heczko P, Hedlova D, Holt J, Jõe L, Lyytikäinen O, Riesenfeld-Örn I, Stefkovikova M, Valinteliene R, Voss A, Monnet DL. National Hand Hygiene Campaigns in Europe, 2000-2009. Euro Surveill 2009. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.14.17.19190-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand hygiene represents the single most effective way to prevent healthcare-associated infections. The World Health Organization, as part of its First Global Patient Safety Challenge, recommends implementation of multi-faceted strategies to increase compliance with hand hygiene. A questionnaire was sent by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to 30 European countries, regarding the availability and organisation of their national hand hygiene campaigns. All countries responded. Thirteen countries had organised at least one national campaign during the period 2000-2009 and three countries were in the process of organising a national campaign. Although the remaining countries did not have a national campaign, several reported regional and local hand hygiene activities or educational resources on national websites.
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Magiorakos AP, Suetens C, Boyd L, Costa C, Cunney R, Drouvot V, Farrugia C, Fernandez-Maillo MM, Iversen BG, Leens E, Michael S, Moro ML, Reinhardt C, Serban R, Vatcheva-Dobrevska R, Wilson K, Heisbourg E, Maltezou HC, Strauss R, Borocz K, Dolinsek M, Dumpis U, Erne S, Gudlaugsson O, Heczko P, Hedlova D, Holt J, Joe L, Lyytikainen O, Riesenfeld-Orn I, Stefkovikova M, Valinteliene R, Voss A, Monnet DL. National hand hygiene campaigns in Europe, 2000-2009. Euro Surveill 2009; 14:19190. [PMID: 19422767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand hygiene represents the single most effective way to prevent healthcare-associated infections. The World Health Organization, as part of its First Global Patient Safety Challenge, recommends implementation of multi-faceted strategies to increase compliance with hand hygiene. A questionnaire was sent by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to 30 European countries, regarding the availability and organisation of their national hand hygiene campaigns. All countries responded. Thirteen countries had organised at least one national campaign during the period 2000-2009 and three countries were in the process of organising a national campaign. Although the remaining countries did not have a national campaign, several reported regional and local hand hygiene activities or educational resources on national websites.
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Hoffman M, Sauls D, Banini A, Boyd L. ID: 47 Elevated prothrombin level and shortened clotting times in subjects with type 2 diabetes. J Thromb Haemost 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.00047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fisher BE, Boyd L, Winstein CJ. Contralateral cerebellar damage impairs imperative planning but not updating of aimed arm movements in humans. Exp Brain Res 2006; 174:453-66. [PMID: 16741716 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-006-0482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The specific motor control processes supported by the cerebellum and impaired with cerebellar damage remain unclear. The cerebellum has been implicated in both planning and updating of accurate movements. Previously, we used a statistical model to parcel aiming performance that was constrained by a timed-response paradigm into contributions attributed to a specified plan and feedforward updating. Here, we apply this procedure to determine the putative role of the cerebellum in planning and updating goal-directed aiming by comparing the performance of subjects with unilateral cerebellar stroke to controls. Subjects rapidly moved to targets in predictable or unpredictable conditions and cerebellar subjects used the contralesional limb to control for ipsilesional motor execution deficits. Displacement-derived movement velocity was used in the statistical model to determine the effect of planning and updating on accuracy. Compared to controls, the cerebellar group demonstrated errors in final position that were primarily determined by planning deficits. This finding is manifest in four ways: Cerebellar subjects (1) were less accurate than controls in both predictable and unpredictable conditions; (2) they showed minimal benefit from increased preparation time for target amplitude specification; (3) with ample time to plan direction, wrong direction response frequency was greater; and (4) final position was minimally determined by the plan. Because these deficits were found contralesional to the moving limb, the cerebellum's role in planning is not lateralized to one hemisphere but rather our findings suggest that cerebellar output affects motor planning for both upper limbs. Indeed, a lesion analysis showed that the dentate nucleus, an area implicated in planning motor strategies and the primary cerebellar output nucleus, was the only common region affected by our patient group with contralateral cerebellar strokes.
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Boyd L, Vidoni ED. RECOVERY FROM STROKE. J Neurol Phys Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/01.npt.0000282333.72510.a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Boyd L, Bandi N. Reintroduction of takhi, Equus ferus przewalskii, to Hustai National Park, Mongolia: time budget and synchrony of activity pre- and post-release. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1591(02)00088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Adcox C, Boyd L, Oehrl L, Allen J, Fenner G. Comparative effects of phytosterol oxides and cholesterol oxides in cultured macrophage-derived cell lines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001; 49:2090-2095. [PMID: 11308372 DOI: 10.1021/jf001175v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of cholesterol and a mixture of beta-sitosterol/campesterol (50%/40%) and their oxides was examined in a cultured-derived macrophage cell line, C57BL/6. Cell numbers, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, protein content, lipid uptake, and mitochondria dehydrogenase activity were determined after exposure of cell mononlayers to sterols and sterol oxides at a concentration of 200 microg/mL for up to 120 h. Results indicate that the oxides of cholesterol, beta-sitosterol, and campesterol exhibited similar patterns of toxicity as indicated by LDH leakage, cell viability, and mitochondria dehydrogenase activity. Greatest cell damage was associated with treatments containing 5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxide or cholesterol oxides, followed by beta-sitosterol/campesterol oxides, cholesterol, and beta-sitosterol. The oxides of beta-sitosterol/campesterol caused less LDH leakage and less of an effect on protein content. Results of this study demonstrate that phytosterols contained in vegetable oils, when subjected to frying conditions, do oxidize and may cause cellular damage in an in vitro cell line similar to cholesterol oxides, although less severe.
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