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Mikmeková E, Bouyanfif H, Lejeune M, Müllerová I, Hovorka M, Unčovský M, Frank L. Very low energy electron microscopy of graphene flakes. J Microsc 2013; 251:123-7. [PMID: 23691920 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available graphene samples are examined by Raman spectroscopy and very low energy scanning transmission electron microscopy. Limited lateral resolution of Raman spectroscopy may produce a Raman spectrum corresponding to a single graphene layer even for flakes that can be identified by very low energy electron microscopy as an aggregate of smaller flakes of various thicknesses. In addition to diagnostics of graphene samples at larger dimensions, their electron transmittance can also be measured at very low energies.
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Packer C, Loveridge A, Canney S, Caro T, Garnett S, Pfeifer M, Zander K, Swanson A, MacNulty D, Balme G, Bauer H, Begg C, Begg K, Bhalla S, Bissett C, Bodasing T, Brink H, Burger A, Burton A, Clegg B, Dell S, Delsink A, Dickerson T, Dloniak S, Druce D, Frank L, Funston P, Gichohi N, Groom R, Hanekom C, Heath B, Hunter L, DeIongh H, Joubert C, Kasiki S, Kissui B, Knocker W, Leathem B, Lindsey P, Maclennan S, McNutt J, Miller S, Naylor S, Nel P, Ng'weno C, Nicholls K, Ogutu J, Okot-Omoya E, Patterson B, Plumptre A, Salerno J, Skinner K, Slotow R, Sogbohossou E, Stratford K, Winterbach C, Winterbach H, Polasky S. Conserving large carnivores: dollars and fence. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:635-41. [PMID: 23461543 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Frank L, Ferreira J, Pellow J. The validity and reliability of iridology in the diagnosis of previous acute appendicitis as evi-denced by appendectomy. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2013. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v72i3.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridology is defined as a photographic science that identifies pathological and functional changes within organs via biomicroscopic iris assessment for aberrant lines, spots, and discolourations. According to iridology, the iris does not reflect changes during anaesthesia, due to the drugs inhibitory effects on nerves impulses, and in cases of organ removal, it reflects the pre-surgical condition.The profession of Homoeopathy is frequently associated with iridology and in a recent survey (2009) investigating the perceptions of Masters of Technology graduates in Homoeopathy of University of Johannesburg, iridology was highly regarded as a potential additional skill requirement for assessing the health status of the patient.This study investigated the reliability of iridology in the diagnosis of previous acute appendicitis, as evidenced by appendectomy. A total of 60 participants took part in the study. Thirty of the 60 participants had an appendectomy due to acute appendicitis, and 30 had had no prior history of appendicitis. Each participant’s right iris was documented by photography with the use of a non-mydriatic retinal camera that was reset for photographing the iris. The photographs were then randomized by an external person and no identifying data made available to the three raters. The raters included the researcher, who had little experience in iridology and two highly experienced practising iridologists. Data was obtained from the analyses of the photographs wherein the presence or absence of lesions (implying acute appendicitis) was indicated by the raters. None of the three raters was able to show a significant success rate in identifying correctly the people with a previous history of acute appendicitis and resultant appendectomies from those who had no previous history of acute appendicitis. Therefore the outcome of this study indicated an outcome that was subject to chance.The null hypothesis that states that appendectomy due to acute appendicitis does not manifest in corresponding lesions in the iris, is supported. It is in the opinion of the researchers that the association of iridology with homoeopathic practice may harm the credibility of the profession and that further research on iridology is needed to disprove this conviction. (S Afr Optom 2013 72(3) 127-132)
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Carlson J, Frank L, Sallis J, Conway T, Cain K, Saelens B. Contribution of perceived built environment attributes around the worksite to active transportation and physical activity. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cain K, Millstein R, Sallis J, Conway T, Geremia C, Frank L, Saelens B, King A. Validity of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS). J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Frank L, Ulmer J, Kavage S, Grant D. Creating an evidence based planning tool to predict physical activity and obesity impacts of community design alternatives. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ding D, Sallis J, Conway T, Frank L, Saelens B, Cain K, King A. Neighbourhood environment and physical activity among older adults: Does the relationship differ by driving status? J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Parks GK, Fitzenreiter R, Ogilvie KW, Huang C, Anderson KA, Dandouras J, Frank L, Lin RP, McCarthy M, Rème H, Sauvaud JA, Werden S. Low-energy particle layer outside of the plasma sheet boundary. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/91ja02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dabaghian Y, Mémoli F, Frank L, Carlsson G. A topological paradigm for hippocampal spatial map formation using persistent homology. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002581. [PMID: 22912564 PMCID: PMC3415417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An animal's ability to navigate through space rests on its ability to create a mental map of its environment. The hippocampus is the brain region centrally responsible for such maps, and it has been assumed to encode geometric information (distances, angles). Given, however, that hippocampal output consists of patterns of spiking across many neurons, and downstream regions must be able to translate those patterns into accurate information about an animal's spatial environment, we hypothesized that 1) the temporal pattern of neuronal firing, particularly co-firing, is key to decoding spatial information, and 2) since co-firing implies spatial overlap of place fields, a map encoded by co-firing will be based on connectivity and adjacency, i.e., it will be a topological map. Here we test this topological hypothesis with a simple model of hippocampal activity, varying three parameters (firing rate, place field size, and number of neurons) in computer simulations of rat trajectories in three topologically and geometrically distinct test environments. Using a computational algorithm based on recently developed tools from Persistent Homology theory in the field of algebraic topology, we find that the patterns of neuronal co-firing can, in fact, convey topological information about the environment in a biologically realistic length of time. Furthermore, our simulations reveal a "learning region" that highlights the interplay between the parameters in combining to produce hippocampal states that are more or less adept at map formation. For example, within the learning region a lower number of neurons firing can be compensated by adjustments in firing rate or place field size, but beyond a certain point map formation begins to fail. We propose that this learning region provides a coherent theoretical lens through which to view conditions that impair spatial learning by altering place cell firing rates or spatial specificity.
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Seinfeld S, Pellock J, Shinnar S, Hesdorffer D, Shinnar R, O'Hara K, Nordli D, Frank L, Gallentine W, Moshe S, Deng X, Sun S. Recognition and Treatment of Prolonged Febrile Seizures; Results from the FEBSTAT Study (S46.001). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s46.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Seinfeld S, Pellock J, Shinnar S, Hesdorffer D, Shinnar R, O'Hara K, Nordli D, Frank L, Gallentine W, Moshe S, Deng X, Sun S. Recognition and Treatment of Prolonged Febrile Seizures; Results from the FEBSTAT Study (IN5-2.005). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in5-2.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Yerebakan C, Frank L, Hibino N, Jonas RA. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection with anomalous connection of the superior vena cava to the left atrium. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 144:e1-3. [PMID: 22487438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yerebakan C, Nath DS, Sinha P, Duebener L, He D, Hibino N, Frank L, Jonas RA. Surgical treatment of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction after tetralogy of fallot {S,D,I} repair. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sims A, Frank L, Cross R, Clauss S, Dimock D, Purdy J, Jacoub I, Hazra R, Hadigan C, Sable C. ABNORMAL CARDIAC STRAIN IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH HIV ACQUIRED IN EARLY LIFE. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(11)60446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Funston PJ, Frank L, Stephens T, Davidson Z, Loveridge A, Macdonald DM, Durant S, Packer C, Mosser A, Ferreira SM. Substrate and species constraints on the use of track incidences to estimate African large carnivore abundance. J Zool (1987) 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Frank L, Kerr J, Saelens B, Sallis J, Glanz K, Chapman J. Food outlet visits, physical activity and body weight: variations by gender and race-ethnicity. Br J Sports Med 2008; 43:124-31. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.055533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Goodsitt M, Christodoulou E, Larson S, Kazerooni E, Bogot N, Frank L. TU-EE-A4-01: Bismuth Shields Vs. MAs Reduction for Decreased Radiation Dose to Breasts in CT Examinations. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Frank L, Klostermann U, Lang AW. 324 RECHARGEABLE SCS SYSTEMS WITH INDEPENDENT CURRENT CONTROL BENEFIT PATIENTS AND THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: CASE REPORTS. Eur J Pain 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.03.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Frank L, Markova S, Remmel N, Vysotski E, Gitelson I. Bioluminescent signal system: bioluminescence immunoassay of pathogenic organisms. LUMINESCENCE 2007; 22:215-20. [PMID: 17286244 DOI: 10.1002/bio.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-regulated photoprotein obelin has been examined as a label for bioluminescence immunoassay of infective agents. The hepatitis B virus (HbsAg) and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were chosen as model antigens. Chemically synthesized obelin-corresponding antibody conjugates were used in a solid-phase microplate immunoassay. The sensitivities achieved by the assay were 0.25 ng/mL for S. sonnei LPS and 0.375 ng/mL for HbsAg. A novel, filter-based immunoassay to determine bacterial admixtures in the environment was proposed. The NanoCeram filters were effectively applied to 'trap' and pre-concentrate pathogens from samples under study for the purposes of further detection and measurement of the absorbed material by bioluminescence immunoassay.
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Sabatowski R, Tark M, Frank L, Rentz A, Kleoudis C, Bell T, Pierce A, Snidow J. 696 EFFECT OF ALVIMOPAN ON HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE (HRQOL) IN SUBJECTS WITH OPIOID-INDUCED GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) SIDE EFFECTS: THE PAC-QOL QUESTIONNAIRE. Eur J Pain 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(06)60699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pothos E, Behr G, Frank L, Stiles L. WITHDRAWN: Prewired synaptic plasticity in central dopamine systems of obesity-prone rats and mice. Appetite 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2006.03.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zobacová J, Zobac M, Oral M, Müllerová I, Frank L. Corrections of magnification and focusing in a cathode lens-equipped scanning electron microscope. SCANNING 2006; 28:155-63. [PMID: 16878787 DOI: 10.1002/sca.4950280304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the well-proven and efficient methods of obtaining a very low-energy impact of primary electrons in the scanning electron microscope is to introduce a retarding field element below the pole piece of the objective lens (OL). It is advantageous to use the specimen alone as the negatively biased electrode (i.e., cathode of the cathode lens). The optical power of the cathode lens modifies some of the standard parameters of the image formation such as relation of working distance to OL excitation or magnification to the scanning coils current, the impact angle of primary electrons, and so forth. In computer-controlled electron microscopes these parameters, particularly with regard to focusing and magnification, can be corrected automatically. Derivation of algorithms for such corrections and their experimental verifications are presented in this paper. Furthermore, a more accurate analytical expression for the focal length of an aperture lens is derived.
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Bigelow S, Strote J, Hauff S, Fay K, Frank L. Case-Control Comparison of Propofol and Fentanyl/Midazolam for Procedural Sedation. Ann Emerg Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.06.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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