[Outcome of cochlear implantation in a patient with Chiari malformation type Ⅰ who presented with hearing loss]

Summary Chiari malformation type Ⅰ（CMI） is a disorder characterized by tonsilla cerebelli herniating into an underdeveloped posterior cranial fossa, hearing loss is often covered by more striking neurological symptoms. Hearing loss in this syndrome is not specific in terms of gender side, degree, age of onset, and progression. The hearing improvement after posterior fossa decompression is controversial on the basis of literature, while satisfactory result was obtained after cochlear implantation in the patient reported here, who was diagnosed as CMI with hearing loss as the main symptom. Therefore, after ensuring the integrity of the auditory pathway, cochlear implantation may be considered in CMI patients with bilateral severe or profound without other severe neurological symptoms.

Correction: Synthetic 2-D lead tin sulfide nanosheets with tuneable optoelectronic properties from a potentially scalable reaction pathway

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C8SC04018D.].

Synthetic 2-D lead tin sulfide nanosheets with tuneable optoelectronic properties from a potentially scalable reaction pathway

Solventless thermolysis of molecular precursors followed by liquid phase exfoliation allows access to two-dimensional IV-VI semiconductor nanomaterials hitherto unreachable by a scalable processing pathway. Firstly, the use of metal dithiocarbamate precursors to produce bulk alloys in the series Pb_1-x Sn _x S (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) by thermolysis is demonstrated. The bulk powders are characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. It was found that there is a transition from cubic structures for the Pb-rich alloys including the end compound, PbS (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) to layered orthorhombic structures for Sn-rich alloys and the end compound SnS (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.0). A smooth elemental progression from lead-rich to tin-rich monochalcogenides across the series of materials is observed. Liquid phase exfoliation was applied to produce two dimensional (2D) nanosheets for a mixed Pb_1-x Sn _x S alloy (where x = 0.8) in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) using the synthetic bulk powder as starting material. The nanosheet products were characterized by SEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF STEM). First principle calculations of Pb_1-x Sn _x S alloys show that the Sn content x modifies the size of the band gap by several 100 meV and that x changes the gap type from indirect in SnS to direct in Pb_0.2Sn_0.8S. These results are supported by UV-Vis spectroscopy of exfoliated Pb_0.2Sn_0.8S. The method employed demonstrates a new, scalable, processing pathway which can potentially be used to synthesize a range of synthetic layered structures that can be exfoliated to as-yet unaccessed 2D materials with tunable electronic properties.

The Influence of Cultural Background on Students' Feelings about and Use of Social Support

This exploratory study addresses the little researched topic of cross-cultural differences in college students' use of social support. Israeli and Chinese students rated the importance and availability of various support functions and noted whom they turn to when faced with different problems. Findings show that while both Israelis and Chinese students view the various functions of social support as important, they utilize support differently. They almost never turn to a counsellor. Implications for student counselling are discussed.

Electrodeposition of Au nanoparticles on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) functionalized reduced graphene oxide sheets for voltammetric determination of nicotine in tobacco products and anti-smoking pharmaceuticals

The principal objective of this study was to develop a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for nicotine detection based on a novel PDDA-RGO/Au nanocomposite.