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Hacker DL, Kiseljak D, Rajendra Y, Thurnheer S, Baldi L, Wurm FM. Polyethyleneimine-based transient gene expression processes for suspension-adapted HEK-293E and CHO-DG44 cells. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 92:67-76. [PMID: 24021764 PMCID: PMC7129890 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A brief overview of principles of TGE using mammalian cells. Description of TGE processes for HEK293 and CHO cells. Description of orbitally shaken bioreactors for suspension cell cultivation. Description of polyethylenime-based transfection processes.
Transient gene expression (TGE) from mammalian cells is an increasingly important tool for the rapid production of recombinant proteins for research applications in biochemistry, structural biology, and biomedicine. Here we review methods for the transfection of human embryo kidney (HEK-293) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in suspension culture using the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) for gene delivery.
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Monteil DT, Tontodonati G, Ghimire S, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Bürki CA, Wurm FM. Disposable 600-mL orbitally shaken bioreactor for mammalian cell cultivation in suspension. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Michel PO, Degen C, Hubert M, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Wurm FM. A NanoDrop-based method for rapid determination of viability decline in suspension cultures of animal cells. Anal Biochem 2012; 430:138-40. [PMID: 22960013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe a rapid method for monitoring the cell growth and decline phases in suspension cultures of animal cells. During the cell growth phase, ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing components in the medium are consumed, but at later times as cells begin to die, UV-absorbing molecules such as proteins are released into the medium. Measuring the absorbance at 280nm (A(280)) with a NanoDrop spectrophotometer, an inverse correlation between the onset of the cell decline phase and A(280) was observed. This simple method can be applied to quickly determine the beginning of the decline phase of cultures of mammalian and insect cells in suspension.
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Kadlecova Z, Baldi L, Hacker D, Wurm FM, Klok HA. Comparative Study on the In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Linear, Dendritic, and Hyperbranched Polylysine Analogues. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3127-37. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Nallet S, Fornelli L, Schmitt S, Parra J, Baldi L, Tsybin YO, Wurm FM. Glycan variability on a recombinant IgG antibody transiently produced in HEK-293E cells. N Biotechnol 2012; 29:471-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Kadlecova Z, Rajendra Y, Matasci M, Hacker D, Baldi L, Wurm FM, Klok HA. Hyperbranched Polylysine: A Versatile, Biodegradable Transfection Agent for the Production of Recombinant Proteins by Transient Gene Expression and the Transfection of Primary Cells. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:794-804. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Rajendra Y, Kiseljak D, Manoli S, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Wurm FM. Role of non-specific DNA in reducing coding DNA requirement for transient gene expression with CHO and HEK-293E cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:2271-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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33
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Kadlecova Z, Nallet S, Hacker DL, Baldi L, Klok HA, Wurm FM. Poly(ethyleneimine)-mediated large-scale transient gene expression: influence of molecular weight, polydispersity and N-propionyl groups. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:628-36. [PMID: 22411776 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three synthesis lots of linear poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) are compared to a fully hydrolyzed linear PEI (commercially available as PEI "Max") regarding structure, polyplex formation with plasmid DNA, and transfection of suspension-adapted HEK-293E cells. PEI "Max" binds DNA more efficiently than the other PEIs, but it is the least effective in terms of transient recombinant protein yield. One PEI lot is fractionated by means of SEC. The fractions of high-M(n) PEI are the most efficient for complex formation and transfection. Nevertheless, the highest transient recombinant protein yields are achieved with unfractionated PEI. The results demonstrate that the polydispersity and charge density of linear PEI are important parameters for gene delivery to suspension-adapted HEK-293E cells.
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Balasubramanian S, Matasci M, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Wurm FM. Transposon mediated co-integration and co-expression of transgenes in CHO-DG44 cells. BMC Proc 2012; 5 Suppl 8:P32. [PMID: 22373439 PMCID: PMC3284971 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s8-p32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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35
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Tissot S, Monteil DT, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Wurm FM. kLa as a predictor for probe-independent mammalian cell bioprocesses in orbitally shaken bioreactors. BMC Proc 2012; 5 Suppl 8:P36. [PMID: 22373050 PMCID: PMC3397689 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s8-p36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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36
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Abstract
The large-scale transfection of mammalian cells allows moderate (milligram to gram) amounts of recombinant proteins (r-proteins) to be obtained for fundamental or clinical research. In this article, we describe a one-liter transfection using polyethyleneimine (PEI) for DNA delivery into human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells cultivated in serum-free suspension to produce a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that yields up to about 1 g/L in a 10-day process. The method is based on a DNA delivery step performed at high cell density (20×10(6) cells/mL) by direct addition of DNA and PEI to the culture. Subsequently, the cells are diluted 20-fold for the 10-day production phase in the presence of valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor. The methods for plasmid purification, antibody quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and affinity purification with protein A are also described.
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Rajendra Y, Kiseljak D, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Wurm FM. Reduced glutamine concentration improves protein production in growth-arrested CHO-DG44 and HEK-293E cells. Biotechnol Lett 2011. [PMID: 22127760 DOI: 10.1007/s10529‐011‐0809‐z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
For most cultivated mammalian cells, glutamine is an essential medium component. However, glutamine consumption results in the production of ammonia, a cytotoxic byproduct. Here we investigated the effect of glutamine reduction on recombinant protein production and ammonia accumulation in transiently transfected CHO and HEK-293E cells maintained under conditions of growth arrest. Maximum transient recombinant protein yields were observed in HEK-293E cultures without glutamine and in CHO cultures with 2 mM glutamine. The initial concentration of glutamine correlated with the level of ammonia accumulation in each culture. For both a stable CHO-derived cell line and a polyclonal population of recombinant CHO cells grown under conditions of mild hypothermia, the highest volumetric protein productivity was observed in cultures without glutamine. Here, the level of ammonia accumulation also corresponded to the initial glutamine concentration. Our data demonstrate that reduction of glutamine in the medium is an effective approach to improve protein production in both transiently and stably transfected mammalian cells when applying conditions that reduce or arrest the growth of these cells.
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Matasci M, Bachmann V, Baldi L, Hacker DL, De Jesus M, Wurm FM. CHO cell lines generated by PiggyBac transposition. BMC Proc 2011; 5 Suppl 8:P31. [PMID: 22373414 PMCID: PMC3284968 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s8-p31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Rajendra Y, Kiseljak D, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Wurm FM. Influence of glutamine on transient and stable recombinant protein production in CHO and HEK-293 cells. BMC Proc 2011; 5 Suppl 8:P35. [PMID: 22373018 PMCID: PMC3284955 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s8-p35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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40
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Pereira J, Rajendra Y, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Wurm FM. Transient gene expression with CHO cells in conditioned medium: a study using TubeSpin(®) bioreactors. BMC Proc 2011; 5 Suppl 8:P38. [PMID: 22373096 PMCID: PMC3284980 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s8-p38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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41
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Tissot S, Reclari M, Quinodoz S, Dreyer M, Monteil DT, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Farhat M, Discacciati M, Quarteroni A, Wurm FM. Hydrodynamic stress in orbitally shaken bioreactors. BMC Proc 2011; 5 Suppl 8:P39. [PMID: 22373127 PMCID: PMC3284983 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s8-p39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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42
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Matasci M, Bachmann V, Baldi L, Hacker DL, De Jesus M, Wurm FM. Rapid recombinant protein production from pools of transposon-generated CHO cells. BMC Proc 2011; 5 Suppl 8:P34. [PMID: 22373498 PMCID: PMC3285008 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s8-p34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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43
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Kiseljak D, Rajendra Y, Manoli SS, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Wurm FM. The use of filler DNA for improved transfection and reduced DNA needs in transient gene expression with CHO and HEK cells. BMC Proc 2011; 5 Suppl 8:P33. [PMID: 22373474 PMCID: PMC3285026 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s8-p33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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44
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Tissot S, Oberbek A, Reclari M, Dreyer M, Hacker DL, Baldi L, Farhat M, Wurm FM. Efficient and reproducible mammalian cell bioprocesses without probes and controllers? N Biotechnol 2011; 28:382-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Matasci M, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Wurm FM. The PiggyBac transposon enhances the frequency of CHO stable cell line generation and yields recombinant lines with superior productivity and stability. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:2141-50. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Xie Q, Michel PO, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Zhang X, Wurm FM. TubeSpin bioreactor 50 for the high-density cultivation of Sf-9 insect cells in suspension. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:897-902. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Werner S, Eibl R, Lettenbauer C, Röll M, Eibl D, De Jesus M, Zhang X, Stettler M, Tissot S, Bürkie C, Broccard G, Kühner M, Tanner R, Baldi L, Hacker D, Wurm FM. Innovative, Non-stirred Bioreactors in Scales from Milliliters up to 1000 Liters for Suspension Cultures of Cells using Disposable Bags and Containers – A Swiss Contribution. Chimia (Aarau) 2010; 64:819-23. [DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2010.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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48
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Wulhfard S, Baldi L, Hacker DL, Wurm F. Valproic acid enhances recombinant mRNA and protein levels in transiently transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biotechnol 2010; 148:128-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Esposito M, Cavallo S, Serpe FP, D'Ambrosio R, Gallo P, Colarusso G, Pellicanò R, Baldi L, Guarino A, Serpe L. Levels and congener profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in cow's milk collected in Campania, Italy. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:1212-6. [PMID: 19836049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and certain dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are a family of chemically-related lipophilic compounds characterized by similar toxicity. Due to their properties they are universally distributed in the environment and classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). From most of studies carried out to evaluate human dietary intake, milk and dairy products result as a major contributors of PCDD/Fs uptake. Of course the main source of milk contamination is animal feeds. Lactating ruminants, cows included, transfer these compounds to the food chain by ingestion of contaminated vegetables or soil. Their resistance to degradation and a high lipophilicity means that PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs may be accumulated into fat tissues from which they are transferred to milk during lactation period. Seventy-nine cows milk samples, collected in the monitoring plan 2008, were analyzed for PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. Eleven milk samples were non-compliant corresponding to five breeding livestock located in Caserta province. The distribution of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs congeners in these samples was examined in order to determine the likely sources of dioxins. The results show that the congener profile is characterized by a prevalence of PCDFs in respect of PCDDs, that represents the typical pattern of thermal origin contamination.
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Nallet S, Amacker M, Westerfeld N, Baldi L, König I, Hacker DL, Zaborosch C, Zurbriggen R, Wurm FM. Respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine based on a recombinant fusion protein expressed transiently in mammalian cells. Vaccine 2009; 27:6415-9. [PMID: 19559121 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants and adults at risk, no RSV vaccine is currently available. In this report, efforts toward the generation of an RSV subunit vaccine using recombinant RSV fusion protein (rRSV-F) are described. The recombinant protein was produced by transient gene expression (TGE) in suspension-adapted human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293E) in 4 L orbitally shaken bioreactors. It was then purified and formulated in immunostimulating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIVs). The candidate vaccine induced anti-RSV-F neutralizing antibodies in mice, and challenge studies in cotton rats are ongoing. If successful in preclinical and clinical trials, this will be the first recombinant subunit vaccine produced by large-scale TGE in mammalian cells.
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