Influences of hucMSC-exosomes on VEGF and BMP-2 expression in SNFH rats

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the influences of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hucMSC-exosome) on steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head (SNFH) and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in rats.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into SNFH group and SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group using a random number table. Prednisolone acetate (24.5 mg/kg) was injected twice a week to establish the rat model of SNFH, and hucMSC-exosome in a certain dose was additionally injected into the marrow cavity in SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group. After 3 weeks, the influences of hucMSC-exosome on the pathological changes and apoptosis of the femoral head in SNFH rats were detected via hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. In addition, the expressions of cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), VEGF, and BMP-2 in bone tissues in both groups were detected via immunohistochemical staining, and the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels of VEGF and BMP-2 in necrotic bone tissues in both groups were detected via Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.

RESULTS

The results of H&E staining revealed that the fibrous callus formation was good, the new trabecular structure was more obvious, the number of vacuum cleft declined, and there were fewer enlarged adipocytes in SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group compared with SNFH group. The results of TUNEL staining showed that the number of apoptotic cells in femoral head tissues was smaller in SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group (p<0.05). According to the results of immunohistochemistry, hucMSC-exosome could increase the expression of vascular endothelial marker CD31 in SNFH rats (p<0.05). Besides, the results of RT-PCR, immunostaining and Western blotting manifested that both the mRNA and protein levels of BMP-2 and VEGF in femoral head tissues were significantly increased in SNFH + hucMSC-exosome group (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

HucMSC-exosome can improve SNFH in rats, whose mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of VEGF and BMP-2 by exosomes.

FRI0463 IDENTIFICATION OF EARLY CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS

Background:

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, potentially life-threatening complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA). However, early recognition of MAS remains challenging. Because it is clinically heterogeneous, hemophagocytosis is often not detected, and histopathological features lack the specificity associated with hemophagocytic syndromes. In addition, it is often difficult to distinguish early MAS from SJIA or sepsis-like syndromes.

Objectives:

To identify early clinical and laboratory characteristics of MAS associated with SJIA.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study of 149 SJIA patients treated at the Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2010 to December 2017. All patients fulfilled 2001 ILAR criteria for SJIA, and 27 fulfilled 2016 Classification Criteria for MAS. We evaluated the clinical and laboratory features of SJIA patients with MAS and compared them to those without MAS. We focused our analysis on early MAS, which was defined as the time when the initial clinical and/or laboratory abnormalities suggestive of MAS were first detected.

Results:

The clinical features associated with early MAS were hypotension, absence of arthritis and lymphadenopathy, bone marrow hemophagocytosis, central nervous system dysfunction, and gastrointestinal involvement. The best laboratory parameters for early MAS detection were platelet counts ≤275.0 × 109/L, lactate dehydrogenase >596.0 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase >47.0 U/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rates ≤41.0 mm/h, ferritin >1400.0 ng/mL, D-dimer >1.40 mg/L, triglyceride >1.30 mmol/L, alanine aminotransferase >33.0 U/L, C-reactive protein ≤68.0 mg/L, fibrinogen ≤4.1 g/L, absolute neutrophil counts ≤5.2 × 109/L, serum total protein ≤66.0 g/L, and white blood cell ≤9.8 × 109/L. The combination of cytokines of IFN-γ >17.1 pg/mL and IL-10 >7.8 pg/mL were found to be a specific and good prognostic cytokine pattern for early recognition of MAS, the sensitivity and specificity as 71.4% and 98.2%.(Table 1, Fig 1, 2)

Table 1.

Identification of clinical and Cytokine characteristics differentiating patients with MAS onset from SJIA patients without MAS

CharacteristicsSensitivity (%)Specificity (%)OR (95% CI)p valueClinical characteristicsHypotension35.598.433.0 (6.8–160.1)0.000Absence of Arthritis77.485.219.8 (7.4–52.7)0.000Hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow28.697.314.5 (2.0–107.5)0.009Central nervous system involvement25.891.03.5 (1.3–9.7)0.015Gastrointestinal involvement22.691.83.3 (1.1–9.4)0.029Absence of lymphadenopathy77.451.62.6 (1.1–6.1)0.027Cytokine levelsIFN-γ >17.1 pg/mL82.183.649.5 (15.6–156.9)0.000IL-10 >7.8 pg/mL78.693.123.5 (7.9–69.5)0.000IFN-γ >17.1 pg/mL and IL-10 >7.8 pg/mL71.498.2142.5 (28.2–720.6)0.000

OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval. PLT, platelet. LDH, lactate dehydrogenase. AST, aspartate aminotransferase. ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate. FER, ferritin. D-D, D-dimer. TG, triglycerides. ALT, alanine aminotransferase. CRP, C-reactive protein. FIB, fibrinogen. ANC, absolute neutrophil count; TP, total protein. WBC, white blood cells. ALB, albumin. IL, interleukin. IFN, interferon.

Fig 1.

Comparison of clinical characteristics in the MAS process. * P < 0.05. ** P < 0.01. CNS involvement: Central nervous system involvement.

Fig 2.

Comparison of serum cytokine levels in the MAS process. * P < 0.05. ** P < 0.01.

Conclusion:

Sudden hypotension, absence of arthritis, and significantly increased IFN-γ and IL-10 levels are important clinical and laboratory markers for early MAS identification in addition to the traditional features of SJIA-associated MAS.

References:

(not show references here)

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

Staged horizontal bone augmentation for dental implants in aesthetic zones: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial comparing a half-columnar bone block harvested from the ramus versus a rectangular bone block from the symphysis

In this study, the clinical outcomes of horizontal ridge augmentation using half-columnar bone grafts from the ramus (group I: 27 patients, 32 implants) versus rectangular bone grafts from the symphysis (group II: 19 patients, 27 implants) were compared; grafts were combined with organic bovine bone and collagen membrane. Cone beam computed tomography images were obtained preoperatively, immediately after restoration (baseline), and 1 year after loading. Four months after grafting, horizontal bone resorption at the alveolar crest did not differ significantly between the two groups (P=0.291). At 4mm apical to the alveolar crest, horizontal bone resorption in group I was significantly less than that in group II (P=0.041). One year after loading, horizontal bone resorption in group I was lower than that in group II, with no significant difference. The residual thickness of the labial bone at the implant site in group I was significantly higher than that in group II. Horizontal ridge augmentation with either a half-columnar autogenous graft from the ramus or a rectangular autogenous graft from the symphysis can provide acceptable results in aesthetic regions. The half-columnar group demonstrated better graft stability both at 4 months after augmentation and 1 year after loading.

Brassinosteroids are involved in ethylene-induced Pst DC3000 resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana

Plant immunity is regulated by a huge phytohormone regulation network. Ethylene(ET) and brassinosteroids (BRs) play critical roles in plant response to biotic stress; however, the relationship between BR and ET in plant immunity is unclear. We used chemical treatments, genetic approaches and inoculation experiments to investigate the relationship between ET and BR in plant defense against Pst DC3000 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Foliar applications of ET and BR enhanced plant resistance to Pst DC3000 inoculation, while treatment with brassinazole (BRZ, a specific BR biosynthesis inhibitor) eliminated the ET induced plant resistance to Pst DC3000. Silencing of DWARF 4(DWF4, a key BR biosynthetic gene), BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1, aBR receptor) and BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 1 (BSK1, downstream of BRI1) also neutralised the ET-induced plant resistance to Pst DC3000. ET can induce callose deposition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation to resistPst DC3000, BRZ-treated and gene-silenced were completely eliminate this response. Our results suggest BR is involved in ET-induced plant resistance, the involvement of ET in plant resistance is possibly by the induction of callose deposition and ROS accumulation, in a BR-dependent manner.

Gene body demethylation increases expression and is associated with self-pruning during grape genome duplication

A colchicine-induced autotetraploid grapevine exhibiting potentially valuable agronomic traits for grape production and breeding, including self-pruning, was identified. This study investigated DNA methylation variation and its role in gene expression during self-pruning in the autotetraploid grapevine. We used RNA-Seq to estimate differentially expressed genes between diploid and autotetraploid grapevine shoot tips. The genes showing increases in the autotetraploid were mainly related to stress response pathways, whereas those showing decreases in the autotetraploid were related to biological metabolism and biosynthesis. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was performed to produce single-base methylomes for the diploid and autotetraploid grapevines. Comparison between the methylomes revealed that they were conserved in CG and CHG contexts. In the autotetraploid grapevine, hypodifferentially methylated regions (DMRs) and hyper-DMRs in the gene body increased or decreased gene expression, respectively. Our results indicated that a hypo-DMR in the ACO1 gene body increased its expression and might promote self-pruning. This study reports that hypo-DMRs in the gene body increase gene expression in plants and reveals the mechanism underlying the changes in the modifications affecting gene expression during genome duplication. Overall, our results provide valuable information for understanding the relationships between DNA methylation, gene expression, and autotetraploid breeding in grape.

LncRNA SNHG8 promotes the development and chemo-resistance of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of small nucleolar RNA host gene 8 (SNHG8) in the pathogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and to explore the possible underlying mechanism.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

SNHG8 expression in 40 pairs of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues and para-cancerous tissues, as well as 10 normal pancreas tissues was detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Survival analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between SNHG8 expression and the prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. After the transfection of SNHG8 siRNA into pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells, the proliferation and cell cycle were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Meanwhile, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and Western blot. The regulatory effect of SNHG8 on the chemo-sensitivity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells was assessed by CCK-8 assay.

RESULTS

The expression of SNHG8 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that of para-cancerous tissues and normal pancreatic tissues. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients with higher expression of SHNG8 presented shorter overall survival than those with lower expression. Meanwhile, SNHG8 expression was correlated with tumor stage and differentiation level, whereas not correlated with age, sex, tumor location and lymph node metastasis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. In vitro results showed that SNHG8 knockdown significantly decreased the proliferative ability, prolonged G0/G1 phase and increased the apoptosis of Hs766T and PANC-1 cells. Western blot results elucidated that SNHG8 knockdown remarkably downregulated the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP in Hs766T and PANC-1 cells. In addition, SNHG8 significantly decreased the chemo-sensitivity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.

CONCLUSIONS

SNHG8 is highly expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues and is negatively correlated with its prognosis. Moreover, SNHG8 promotes cell proliferation and cell cycle, whereas inhibits cell apoptosis and reduces the chemo-sensitivity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.

MicroRNAs in the Intestine: Role in Renewal, Homeostasis, and Inflammation

The mammalian intestine is not only an organ for food digestion and nutrient absorption but also an integral part of the immune and endocrine systems. The intestinal epithelium under stressful environments requires epithelial cells to rapidly elicit changes in gene expression patterns to regulate their survival, adapt to stress, and maintain epithelial homeostasis. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as a novel class of posttranscriptional gene regulators that are fundamentally involved in many aspects of intestinal epithelial differentiation, architecture, and barrier function. In this review, we highlight the critical roles of miRNAs in both the crypt-villus axis of cellular self-renewal and inflammation in the mammalian intestinal mucosa and their impact on the microbiota. We also discuss the functions of specific miRNAs within the intestine to better understand the cellular mechanisms that promote intestinal homeostasis, and the influence of dietary components in the regulation of endogenous miRNA in the study of nutrition and gene regulation in intestinal health.

Nuclear Dependence of the Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetry in the Production of Charged Hadrons at Forward Rapidity in Polarized p+p, p+Al, and p+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV

We report on the nuclear dependence of transverse single-spin asymmetries (TSSAs) in the production of positively charged hadrons in polarized p^{↑}+p, p^{↑}+Al, and p^{↑}+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV. The measurements have been performed at forward rapidity (1.4<η<2.4) over the range of transverse momentum (1.8<p_{T}<7.0  GeV/c) and Feynman x (0.1<x_{F}<0.2). We observed positive asymmetries for positively charged hadrons in p^{↑}+p collisions, and significantly reduced asymmetries in p^{↑}+A collisions. These results reveal a nuclear dependence of TSSAs for charged-hadron production in a regime where perturbative techniques are applicable. These results provide new opportunities to use p^{↑}+A collisions as a tool to investigate the rich phenomena behind TSSAs in hadronic collisions and to use TSSAs as a new handle in studying small-system collisions.

LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 controls cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by sponging miR-326 to regulate c-Myc expression in acute myeloid leukemia

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play essential roles in development and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the role of lncRNA potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 overlapping transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) in AML progression and its mechanism remain largely unknown. The expressions of KCNQ1OT1, microRNA-326 (miR-326) and c-Myc were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was used for cell differentiation. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation were measured by MTT assay, flow cytometry and qRT-PCR, respectively. The interaction between miR-326 and KCNQ1OT1 or c-Myc was explored by luciferase activity, RNA immunoprecipitation or RNA pull-down assay. We found that the expression of KCNQ1OT1 was enhanced in AML samples compared with control. KCNQ1OT1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation but promoted apoptosis and cell differentiation. KCNQ1OT1 was a decoy of miR-326 and c-Myc was a target of miR-326. KCNQ1OT1 regulated AML cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation by sponging miR-326. Moreover, overexpression of miR-326 suppressed proliferation but promoted apoptosis and PMA-induced differentiation by targeting c-Myc in AML cells. Besides, c-Myc protein level was suppressed by KCNQ1OT1 interference and rescued by miR-326 abrogation. Our data showed that KCNQ1OT1 regulates proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in AML cells by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-326 to regulate c-Myc, providing a novel avenue for AML treatment.

Minimally invasive non-surgical vs. surgical approach for periodontal intrabony defects: a randomised controlled trial

Background

Periodontal intrabony defects are usually treated surgically with the aim of increasing attachment and bone levels and reducing risk of progression. However, recent studies have suggested that a minimally invasive non-surgical therapy (MINST) leads to considerable clinical and radiographic defect depth reductions in intrabony defects. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of a modified MINST approach with a surgical approach (modified minimally invasive surgical therapy, M-MIST) for the treatment of intrabony defects.

Methods

This is a parallel-group, single-centre, examiner-blind non-inferiority randomised controlled trial with a sample size of 66 patients. Inclusion criteria are age 25–70, diagnosis of periodontitis stage III or IV (grades A to C), presence of ≥ 1 ‘intrabony defect’ with probing pocket depth (PPD) > 5 mm and intrabony defect depth ≥ 3 mm. Smokers and patients who received previous periodontal treatment to the study site within the last 12 months will be excluded. Patients will be randomly assigned to either the modified MINST or the M-MIST protocol and will be assessed up to 15 months following initial therapy. The primary outcome of the study is radiographic intrabony defect depth change at 15 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes are PPD and clinical attachment level change, inflammatory markers and growth factors in gingival crevicular fluid, bacterial detection, gingival inflammation and healing (as measured by geometric thermal camera imaging in a subset of 10 test and 10 control patients) and patient-reported outcomes.

Discussion

This study will produce evidence about the clinical efficacy and potential applicability of a modified MINST protocol for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects, as a less invasive alternative to the use of surgical procedures.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03797807. Registered on 9 January 2019.

Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Direct-Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

The PHENIX collaboration presents first measurements of low-momentum (0.4<p_{T}<3  GeV/c) direct-photon yields from Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=39 and 62.4 GeV. For both beam energies the direct-photon yields are substantially enhanced with respect to expectations from prompt processes, similar to the yields observed in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200. Analyzing the photon yield as a function of the experimental observable dN_{ch}/dη reveals that the low-momentum (>1  GeV/c) direct-photon yield dN_{γ}^{dir}/dη is a smooth function of dN_{ch}/dη and can be well described as proportional to (dN_{ch}/dη)^{α} with α≈1.25. This scaling behavior holds for a wide range of beam energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider, for centrality selected samples, as well as for different A+A collision systems. At a given beam energy, the scaling also holds for high p_{T} (>5  GeV/c), but when results from different collision energies are compared, an additional sqrt[s_{NN}]-dependent multiplicative factor is needed to describe the integrated-direct-photon yield.

VvSWEET10 Mediates Sugar Accumulation in Grapes

Sugar accumulation is a critical event during grape berry ripening that determines the grape market values. Berry cells are highly dependent on sugar transporters to mediate cross-membrane transport. However, the role of sugar transporters in improving sugar accumulation in berries is not well established in grapes. Herein we report that a Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET), that is, VvSWEET10, was strongly expressed at the onset of ripening (véraison) and can improve grape sugar content. VvSWEET10 encodes a plasma membrane-localized transporter, and the heterologous expression of VvSWEET10 indicates that VvSWEET10 is a hexose-affinity transporter and has a broad spectrum of sugar transport functions. VvSWEET10 overexpression in grapevine calli and tomatoes increased the glucose, fructose, and total sugar levels significantly. The RNA sequencing results of grapevine transgenic calli showed that many sugar transporter genes and invertase genes were upregulated and suggest that VvSWEET10 may mediate sugar accumulation. These findings elucidated the role of VvSWEET10 in sugar accumulation and will be beneficial for the improvement of grape berry quality in the future.

Elastocapillary self-assembled neurotassels for stable neural activity recordings

Implantable neural probes that are mechanically compliant with brain tissue offer important opportunities for stable neural interfaces in both basic neuroscience and clinical applications. Here, we developed a Neurotassel consisting of an array of flexible and high-aspect ratio microelectrode filaments. A Neurotassel can spontaneously assemble into a thin and implantable fiber through elastocapillary interactions when withdrawn from a molten, tissue-dissolvable polymer. Chronically implanted Neurotassels elicited minimal neuronal cell loss in the brain and enabled stable activity recordings of the same population of neurons in mice learning to perform a task. Moreover, Neurotassels can be readily scaled up to 1024 microelectrode filaments, each with a neurite-scale cross-sectional footprint of 3 × 1.5 μm², to form implantable fibers with a total diameter of ~100 μm. With their ultrasmall sizes, high flexibility, and scalability, Neurotassels offer a new approach for stable neural activity recording and neuroprosthetics.

The potential of cadmium ion-immobilized Rhizobium pusense KG2 to prevent soybean root from absorbing cadmium in cadmium-contaminated soil

AIMS

Because the effect of Cd2+ -immobilized microbe on Cd uptake of plants in Cd-contaminated soil remains underexplored, this study focuses on the effect of Cd2+ -immobilized rhizobia on Cd uptake of soybean.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Strain KG2 from soybean nodule was identified as Rhizobium pusense KG2 by phylogenetic analysis. Rhizobium pusense KG2 showed the 120 mg l-1 of minimal lethal concentration for Cd2+ . In 50 and 100 mg l-1 of Cd2+ liquid, approximately 2 × 1010 cells removed 56·71 and 22·11% of Cd2+ , respectively. In pot soil containing 50 and 100 mg kg-1 of Cd2+ , strain KG2 caused a 45·9 and 35·3% decrease in soybean root Cd content, respectively. Meanwhile, KG2 improved the root and shoot length, nitrogen content and biomass of soybean plants and superoxide dismutase activity.

CONCLUSIONS

The Cd2+ -immobilized rhizobia could inhibit soybean plants to absorb Cd2+ from soil, promote plant growth and improve plant's tolerance against Cd. This study is the first time to report that R. pusense is an effective nodulating rhizobium of legume.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

Some Cd2+ -immobilized microbe lowering Cd uptake of plant and promoting plant growth should be considered as an effective strategy for producing safety crops in the Cd-contaminated agricultural soil.

Pseudorapidity Dependence of Particle Production and Elliptic Flow in Asymmetric Nuclear Collisions of p+Al, p+Au, d+Au, and ^{3}He+Au at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV

Asymmetric nuclear collisions of p+Al, p+Au, d+Au, and ^{3}He+Au at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV provide an excellent laboratory for understanding particle production, as well as exploring interactions among these particles after their initial creation in the collision. We present measurements of charged hadron production dN_{ch}/dη in all such collision systems over a broad pseudorapidity range and as a function of collision multiplicity. A simple wounded quark model is remarkably successful at describing the full data set. We also measure the elliptic flow v_{2} over a similarly broad pseudorapidity range. These measurements provide key constraints on models of particle emission and their translation into flow.

[Survey of prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women in urban areas of China]

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant women in urban areas of China. Methods: The study was a national cross-sectional survey conducted from September 19th, 2016 to November 20th, 2016. According to the classification of the National Bureau of Statistics, all survey sites were set up in 6 regions of the country.Pregnant women were continuously selected using multistage stratified sampling. A total of 12 403 pregnant women were collected and examined for serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels. Results: The median serum ferritin level during pregnancy was 20.60 μg/L (11.78-36.98 μg/L) , the hemoglobin level was (118±12) g/L. With the progress of pregnancy, the levels of serum ferritin and hemoglobin decreased gradually. The median serum ferritin levels in the first, second trimester and third trimester were 54.30 μg/L (34.48-94.01 μg/L) , 28.60 μg/L (16.40-50.52 μg/L) , and 16.70 μg/L (10.20-27.00 μg/L) respectively (P<0.01) . The mean hemoglobin levels were (127±10) g/L, (119±11) g/L and (117±11) g/L respectively (P<0.01) . The prevalence of ID in urban pregnant women was 48.16% (5 973/12 403) , and IDA prevalence was 13.87% (1 720/12 403) . The prevalence of IDA in the first, second trimester and third trimester were 1.96% (20/1 019) , 8.40% (293/3 487) and 17.82% (1 407/7 897) ,respectively (P<0.01) . The prevalence of standardized ID and IDA were significantly different in various regions of China (P<0.01) . The standardized prevalence of ID were relatively higher in East China and Northeast China, 57.37% and 53.41% respectively, while it was the lowest in Southwest China, 30.51%. The standardized prevalence of IDA in South Central, Northwest, and East China were relatively high, 21.30%, 16.97% and 17.53% respectively, and the standardized prevalence of IDA in Southwest China was the lowest, 5.44%, the differents in various regions were significant (all P<0.01) . Conclusion: The current phenomenon of ID and IDA in pregnant women is still very common, and nutrition and health care during pregnancy should be strengthened.