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Yoshida A, Araki Y, Motoyama M, Kim SY, Sung H, Araki S, Miura K, Shirai M. Structural abnormalities of autosomal chromosomes in the male partner do not influence fertilization and early development of embryos after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod 1997; 12:2499-503. [PMID: 9436693 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/12.11.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether or not abnormalities in the autosomal structure of the male partner have any influence on fertilization and early embryo development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Thirty-seven couples in whom the male partners were examined by the same andrologist were included in this study. Six couples (group I) in whom the male partner possessed autosomal structural abnormality underwent seven ICSI cycles. As a control group, 31 couples (group II) in which the male partner was karyotypically normal underwent 41 ICSI cycles. Although the normal fertilization rates seen in group I were significantly higher than those in group II (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference in the cleavage rates between the two groups. We did not perform the analysis of the female partner's chromosomes, but we surmise that structural autosomal abnormalities in the male partner do not adversely influence fertilization at ICSI and early development of embryos.
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Takayama E, Motoyama M, Yoshida A. Color pattern formation on the wing of a butterfly Pieris rapae. 2. Color determination and scale development. Dev Growth Differ 1997; 39:485-91. [PMID: 9352203 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-169x.1997.t01-3-00010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that microcautery on the prospective apical black region of the early pupal forewing of a butterfly, Pieris rapae, causes alteration of the scale color on the adult wing and a delay in histogenesis of the pupal wing. From these results, it has been assumed that the developmental delay of scale cells in the pupal wing alters their developmental fate and the hypothesis that different color fates of scales are determined by differences in the developmental timetables between scale cells is proposed. In this study, we attempted to find the developmental timetables of individual scales expressing specific color to test this hypothesis. It was found that the holes on the upper surface of a scale become larger as they develop and the hole sizes of scales in the white region are always larger than in the black region on the same wings either during pupal period or after eclosion. This suggests that the scale hole size is a good index that reflects developmental rate of the scale and a difference in the hole size between adult scales is attributed to a difference in the developmental timetables when their ancestral scale precursor cells were in the pupal period. A comparison of the hole sizes between adult scales in different color regions suggested that normal white scales were in a more advanced state than were the black ones but white scales induced by microcautery were in a less advanced state than black ones on the same wing. This supports our hypothesis.
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Yoshida A, Nakahori Y, Kuroki Y, Motoyama M, Araki Y, Miura K, Shirai M. Dicentric Y chromosome in an azoospermic male. Mol Hum Reprod 1997; 3:709-12. [PMID: 9294856 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/3.8.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a 28 year old male with a pseudodicentric Y chromosome who suffered from azoospermia attributed to maturation arrest of the primary spermatocyte, as diagnosed by testicular biopsy. Chromosome analysis, using G, Q and C banding techniques, revealed an abnormal karyotype of 45,X[7]/46,X,psu dic (Y)(pter-->q11.2::q11.2-->pter)[33]. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA analysis did not detect the absence of DAZ and RBM1 which are candidates for azoospermic factor (AZF) genes. Therefore, it is suggested that the maturation arrest of the primary spermatocyte in this patient was caused either by a pairing dysfunction between the X and Y chromosomes during meiosis or by deletions in the autosomal or the Y chromosomal spermatogenesis controlling genes, excluding DAZ and RBM1.
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Araki Y, Motoyama M, Yoshida A, Kamiyama H, Araki S. In-situ hybridization chromosome analysis of XYY and XXY males' spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 1997; 12:1604. [PMID: 9262309 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Araki Y, Motoyama M, Yoshida A, Kim SY, Sung H, Araki S. Intracytoplasmic injection with late spermatids: a successful procedure in achieving childbirth for couples in which the male partner suffers from azoospermia due to deficient spermatogenesis. Fertil Steril 1997; 67:559-61. [PMID: 9091347 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)80086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of using late spermatids in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for patients in which there is a total lack of normal and testicular sperm. DESIGN Clinical study. SETTING Private fertility center with adjacent laboratory facilities. PATIENT(S) Thirty-six males diagnosed with azoospermia underwent testicular biopsy and the resulting spermatids from nine patients were used to fertilize oocytes retrieved from their respective wives by ICSI. INTERVENTION(S) Intracytoplasmic spermatid injection of oocytes with late spermatids obtained by testicular biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Fertilization, pregnancy, and delivery rates. RESULT(S) Three of the cases resulted in pregnancies with childbirth occurring in all three, identical twins in one, and individual singletons in the other two cases. CONCLUSION(S) It is possible to achieve successful levels of pregnancy and childbirth in cases of azoospermia by intracytoplasmic injection of late spermatids.
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Sayama M, Araki S, Motoyama M, Tamada T, Sato I. The clinical efficacy of gamete intrafallopian transfer by minilaparotomy versus in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 1996; 22:409-16. [PMID: 8987320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.1996.tb01049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical performance of gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS Infertile women were divided into 2 groups: for GIFT, 239 patients (326 cycles) with at least 1 patent tube; and, for IVF-ET, 125 patients (210 cycles) with bilateral tubal occlusion. A specially designed retractor was developed to replace the gametes into an appropriate section of the Fallopian tube accurately and safely. Several parameters, including the pregnancy and delivery rates of each group, were compared. RESULTS The success rate per trial in the GIFT group was approximately 1.5 times higher than that in the IVF group (pregnancy rate: 44.2% vs. 31.0%, p < 0.01; delivery rate: 33.4% vs. 22.9%, p < 0.01). The pregnancy and delivery rates of GIFT decreased steadily with the number of trials. These apparent decreases were not observed up to the 3rd trial in IVF-ET cases. CONCLUSIONS GIFT with a minilaparotomy procedure yielded significantly higher success rates than IVF-ET. Accordingly, GIFT is considered to be the first treatment choice in infertility cases with at least 1 patent Fallopian tube.
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Muramatsu Y, Oshima M, Kawai J, Tadokoro S, Adachi H, Agui A, Shin S, Kato H, Kohzuki H, Motoyama M. Enhanced resonant x-ray emissions of mechanically milled hexagonal boron nitride in boron K-shell excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:3846-3849. [PMID: 10061124 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Miyauchi S, Imaoka T, Okada T, Motoyama M, Kawaguchi T, Akiyama H, Odomi M. Leukopenia-inducing effect of a combination of a new 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-derived drug, BOF-A2 (emitefur), with other 5-FU-derived drugs or BV-araU (sorivudine) in rats. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1996; 70:139-48. [PMID: 8866751 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.70.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BOF-A2 (emitefur: 3-(3-[6-benzoyloxy-3-cyano-2-pyridyloxycarbonyl]benzoyl)-1-ethoxy- methyl-5- fluorouracil), a novel 5-FU (5-fluorouracil)-derived drug, was co-administered with other conventional 5-FU-derived drugs or BV-araU [sorivudine: 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-(E)-5-(2-bromovinyluracil)] for 8 consecutive days to rats. BOF-A2 (6 or 8 mg/kg, p.o.) co-administered with other 5-FU-derived drugs elevated the plasma 5-FU concentration 3- to 23.3-fold and decreased the peripheral white blood cell (WBC). The percentage decreases of WBC by 5-FU (4 mg/kg, i.p.), UFT (16 mg/kg, p.o.), tegafur (FT; 16 mg/kg, p.o.), carmofur (HCFU; 15 mg/kg, p.o.), doxifluridine (5'-DFUR; 16 mg/kg, p.o.) and flucytosine (200 mg/kg, p.o.) were 25.7%, 31.9%, 70.3%, 32.0%, 58.6% and 30.0%, respectively, compared with each drug alone. On the other hand, these phenomena did not occur with BV-araU. These findings can be attributed to the fact that the inhibitory activity of CNDP (3-cyano-2,6-dihydroxypyridine) for 5-FU degradation (IC50: 6.3 x 10(-9) M) is potent and 6000 times greater than that of BVU [(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl) uracil], another inhibitor of 5-FU degradation.
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Ooishi M, Miyao M, Abe T, Sasagawa T, Motoyama M, Nakagawa T, Okutomi T. [Pharmacokinetics of balofloxacin in the intraocular tissues of pigmented rabbits]. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 1995; 48:1274-80. [PMID: 7474337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We performed the pharmacokinetics of balofloxacin in plasma and intraocular tissues in pigmented rabbits upon its oral administration. The penetrations of balofloxacin into plasma and aqueous humor of the anterior chamber reached their peaks of 6.46 micrograms/ml and 0.70 microgram/ml, respectively, and the ratio of drug concentration in aqueous humor to that of plasma was 0.12 at 1 hour after an oral administration of 20 mg/kg. Concentrations in plasma and aqueous humor of the anterior chamber reached 0.27 microgram/ml and 0.18 microgram/ml, respectively, at The T 1/2 (alpha) and T 1/2 (beta) of the drug in aqueous humor were longer than those in plasma The T 1/2 (alpha) and T 1/2 (beta) of the drug in aqueous humor were longer than those in plasma at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The concentrations in iris and ciliary body were much higher than in any other intraocular tissue in 24 hours after single administration of 20 mg/kg, and those concentrations remained at high levels for a long time.
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Kurumatani N, Matsukura K, Boku C, Kitauchi S, Sakaguchi R, Kamiya K, Kataoka M, Motoyama M, Miyata H, Yoshioka N. [Exposure to blood during midwifery operations--a questionnaire study]. [NIHON KOSHU EISEI ZASSHI] JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 1995; 42:542-552. [PMID: 8520049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to all midwives working in Nara Prefecture to investigate blood exposure events at delivery and to consider protective measures for the exposure. Out of the 203 midwives 193 responded to the questionnaire. The median number of deliveries in which the midwives had assisted within the past one year was 35 after excluding those who had not assisted in deliveries at all. The incidence of needle-stick injuries was estimated to be 86.2 per 100 persons within the past one year. The occurrence in the subgroup who had worked as midwife for less than 5 years was 2-3 times higher than that in those who worked for more than 5 years. Over 90% of the midwives had experiences of direct blood contact events to the skin while assisting in their 10 most recent deliveries. Blood contact events occurred in the finger-hand-arm area in 85% of the midwives, on the legs in 62%, in the face in 20% and in the eyes in 1%. Around 20% of the midwives had unintentionally sucked amniotic fluid when using a tracheal catheter on a newborn. The most common occasion where direct blood contact events occurred was while bathing an infant for removing blood and amniotic fluid. The midwives wore a disposal gown more often when assisting in labors of parturient women infected with blood-born infectious diseases than without the diseases, and similarly for wearing gloves when measuring blood loss and for usage of a mechanical device for sucking amniotic fluid in the tracheae of an infant. Based on the results obtained in this questionnaire study and our previous study about blood contact events observed in a delivery room, protective measures for midwives against exposure to blood at delivery are required and some ideas are presented.
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Kurumatani N, Boku C, Matsukura K, Kitauchi S, Sakaguchi R, Kamiya K, Motoyama M, Kataoka M, Miyata H, Yoshioka N. [Exposure to blood during midwifery procedures--blood contact events to midwives occurred in a delivery room]. [NIHON KOSHU EISEI ZASSHI] JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 1995; 42:330-7. [PMID: 7647350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Midwives are often exposed to blood during delivery procedures. A study aimed at clarifying actual status of blood contact during midwifery procedures was performed. Observations in a delivery room were conducted to record blood contact events experienced by midwives from the time of episiotomy until 2 hour after expulsion of the placenta. All gloves used by midwives were collected and tested for holes. Blood contact was defined as any contact with blood of a parturition woman as recognized visually by an observer. During a one-month study period data was obtained from a total of 19 midwives (12 midwives and 7 student midwives) who assisted in 8 deliveries. All of the midwives wore gowns with long sleeves, gloves and caps but did not use eye protection or masks. None of the parturient women had Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Deliveries caused widespread blood exposure to the midwives throughout the complete course. Protection from most of this exposure was provided by the gowns and gloves. However, direct blood contacts occurred to the fingers, hands or forearms in several midwives. These events were caused by partly because the midwives unintentionally performed procedures without gloves and partly because blood penetrated the gown and soaked to the skin. Direct blood contacts to the foot in two midwives and to the mouth in one also occurred. The overall perforation rate for gloves examined was 4 out of 154 (2.6%). Two gloves were broken during washing sharp instruments contaminated with blood, one was torn when wearing, and the remaining one appeared to have had a hole prior to use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Motoyama M, Sunami Y, Kinoshita F, Irie T, Sasaki J, Arakawa K, Kiyonaga A, Tanaka H, Shindo M. The effects of long-term low intensity aerobic training and detraining on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in elderly men and women. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY 1995; 70:126-31. [PMID: 7768234 DOI: 10.1007/bf00361539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of long-term low intensity aerobic training and detraining on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were examined in 30 elderly men and women. These subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The training group [n = 15; 7 men and 8 women; mean age 75.5 (SD 5.6) years] agreed to take part in physical training using a treadmill with an exercise intensity at the blood lactate concentration threshold for 30 min 3-6 times a week for 9 months. The other group [n = 15; 7 men and 8 women; mean age 73.7 (SD 4.4) years] did not perform any particular physical training and was followed as the control. Following this training period the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) had increased significantly (P < 0.01) while the total cholesterol (TC):HDL-C ratio had decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in the training group after 9 months but had not changed in the control group. The TC, triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) had not changed significantly in either group. No significant difference was seen between the groups throughout the period for TC. LDL-C or TG. There was, however, a significant correlation between the initial TC:HDL-C ratio and the change in the TC:HDL-C ratio following 3 months of training (P < 0.05). After 1 month of detraining in 5 patients, the HDL-C had decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while the TC:HDL-C had increased significantly in the training group (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Miura S, Ideishi M, Sakai T, Motoyama M, Kinoshita A, Sasaguri M, Tanaka H, Shindo M, Arakawa K. Angiotensin II formation by an alternative pathway during exercise in humans. J Hypertens 1994; 12:1177-81. [PMID: 7836734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We postulated a 'kinin-tensin system' in which angiotensin II (Ang II) is cleaved by one or more serine protease independent of renin or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The aim was to determine whether this alternative Ang II-forming pathway by serine proteases participates in the rise in plasma levels of Ang II during exercise in humans. DESIGN AND METHODS The study consisted of two double-blind crossover experiments. in experiment 1 six healthy volunteers who had been taking either placebo (group P) or the ACE inhibitor captopril (150 mg/day for 3 days; group C) performed a cycle ergometer graded exercise test at four different exercise intensities: stage 1, half of the intensity at the blood lactate threshold (WLT); stage 2, the intensity at WLT; stage 3, the intensity at 4 mmol/l blood lactate; and stage 4, an intensity between stage 3 and maximum intensity. In experiment 2 the same volunteers took captopril (150 mg/day for 3 days) and performed exercise at an intensity corresponding to 90% of the 4 mmol/l blood lactate intensity for 30 min during intravenous drip injection of a serine protease inhibitor, nafamostat [NAF; 0.2 mg/kg per h; NAF(+) group] or saline [NAF(-) group]. RESULTS In experiment 1 plasma Ang II levels increased from at rest to after exercise in both groups P and C. Although there was a significant treatment effect, captopril did not significantly alter the exercise-induced changes in Ang II level. In experiment 2 the increase in Ang II level after 30 min exercise in the NAF(+) group was significantly lower than in the NAF(-) group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the presence of an alternative Ang II-forming pathway independent of ACE, and that one or more NAF-sensitive serine protease is responsible, at least partly, for generating Ang II during exercise.
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Motoyama M, Imaoka T, Ichihara N, Miyauchi S. [Effect of BOF-A2 on experimental and spontaneous metastasis model of mouse colon 26]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1994; 21:1209-14. [PMID: 8031163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of BOF-A2 on the metastasis of colorectal cancer using artificial (experimental) and spontaneous metastasis of Colon 26 tumor cells. BOF-A2 suppressed pulmonary nodules in the artificial metastasis of Colon 26 tumor cells into the lung, and the T/C (%) was 53.1% at 20 mg/kg or 8.3% at 40 mg/kg. BOF-A2 also suppressed pulmonary nodules in the spontaneous metastasis of Colon 26 tumor cells into the lung, and the T/C (%) was 33.3% at 40 mg/kg in postoperative treatment, 33.3% at 10 mg/kg, or 16.7% at 20 mg/kg in preoperative treatment. These effects were accompanied by the prolongation of survival time at each dose. From these results, BOF-A2 showed antimetastatic activity and survival effect, and may be useful for adjuvant chemotherapy to prevent cancer from metastasis to the lung.
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Satsuta K, Motoyama M, Aoyama A, Shintaku T, Ikeno H, Iino K, Sekine K, Kataoka H. [A study on AIDS awareness and knowledge. Report II. Investigation of clinical technician, nurse and office staff]. NIHON IKA DAIGAKU ZASSHI 1994; 61:47-53. [PMID: 8113353 DOI: 10.1272/jnms1923.61.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Kawai J, Motoyama M. C K-V x-ray-emission spectra of solid C70 with comparison to C60. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:12988-12991. [PMID: 10005508 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Miyao M, Tazawa H, Motoyama M, Suzuki A, Ooishi M. [Intraocular penetration of current antibiotics]. NIPPON GANKA GAKKAI ZASSHI 1993; 97:318-23. [PMID: 8317348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We studied the intraocular penetration of 42 antibiotics in white rabbit eyes between 1980 to 1990 in our department. The parenteral route (intravenous, intramuscular): the ratios of maximum aqueous humor to serum level were 5.28-11.6% in penicillins (PCs), 5.95-20.17% in cephems and 13.4-30.27% in aminoglycosides (AGs). The aqueous concentration of antibiotics reached a peak within 1/4-1 hour after injection. Oral administration: the ratios of aqueous to serum level were 8.52-20.6% in PCs, 3.62-20.11% in cephems, 22.8-75.8% in macrolides (MLs) and 6.38-23.6% in quinolones. The aqueous concentration of antibiotics reached a peak within 1-4 hours after oral administration. The ratio of aqueous to serum level was the highest in MLs. The aqueous level reached a peak faster and the ratio of aqueous to serum level was higher by injection than by oral administration.
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Motoyama M, Irie T, Sunami Y, Sasaki J, Kiyonaga A, Tanaka H, Shindo M. EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM MILD AEROMIC TRAINING ON SERUM AND LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS IN OLDER PATEINTS IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199205001-00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Motoyama M, Takayama H, Aoyama A, Minagawa A. [The effects of exercise training on metabolic phases. With special reference to intraorganic fat and amino acids in Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin diabetes]. NIHON IKA DAIGAKU ZASSHI 1989; 56:565-78. [PMID: 2532651 DOI: 10.1272/jnms1923.56.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We attempted to clarify the effects of aging and the difference between heavy and mild exercise training on the fat and amino acid (AA) systems of streptozotocin diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo. We exercised two groups of rats, both composed of juvenile and aged rats. The first group, however, consisted of diabetic rats only, the second of normal rats only. Both groups underwent mild training, 20 cm/s, or heavy training, 33 cm/s, for an hour a day, five times a week for four weeks. We looked for fat and amino acids in the serum, liver, red skeletal muscles and heart muscles at the pre- and post-training stages. The results were as follows: Although we observed decreased triglyceride (TG) levels in the serum, liver and intraskeletal muscles in the normal control group, similar decreases were also observed in the diabetic group undergoing insulin treatment with mild exercise training. On the other hand, we observed a clear increase in the rats subjected to heavy exercise training. This increase was particularly significant in the aged rats. There was, however, no significant change in the TG levels in the intraheart muscles of either the juvenile or aged rats, including the diabetic ones. Exercise training in the normal control group produced decreases in total AA, glycogenic AA, branched chain AA and ketogenic AA. Although there was no significant decrease in the TG levels in the serum, we could see clear signs of a decrease in the liver and the intraskeletal muscles. By contrast, the more the rats undergoing insulin treatment for diabetes were exercised, the greater the increase in the amount of AA in the livers and intraskeletal muscles. These changes were especially significant in the aged group. Consistent with previous reports, the diabetic groups produced different results for fat and AA in proportion to the intensity of exercise training and age of the rats. We also demonstrated that the differences were very small in the serum, but significant in the organs, livers and skeletal muscles. From the above findings, we have concluded that exercise training should play a major role in the treatment of diabetes in consideration not only of serum, but also transitions of the whole body's metabolic phases, including the intraorganic systems.
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Motoyama M, Kilduff TS, Lee BS, Dement WC, McDevitt HO. Restriction fragment length polymorphism in canine narcolepsy. Immunogenetics 1989; 29:124-6. [PMID: 2563354 DOI: 10.1007/bf00395862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Fujii S, Shimamoto Y, Ohshimo H, Imaoka T, Motoyama M, Fukushima M, Shirasaka T. Effects of the plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil and the duration of continuous venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil with an inhibitor of 5-fluorouracil degradation on Yoshida sarcomas in rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 1989; 80:167-72. [PMID: 2498251 PMCID: PMC5917696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1989.tb02285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlations of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) level in the plasma and the duration of continuous 5-FU infusion with the antitumor activity of 5-FU on Yoshida sarcomas in rats were examined. The circadian variation in the plasma level of 5-FU during continuous infusion was prevented by treatment with 3-cyano-2,6-dihydroxypyridine (CNDP), which strongly inhibits 5-FU degradation. On continuous venous infusion of 2 to 30 mg/kg of 5-FU over 24 h with CNDP at a molar ratio of 1:10 into normal rats, the 5-FU level in the blood was linearly proportional to the dose of 5-FU. The optimum schedule for antitumor activity on Yoshida sarcomas in rats was found to be infusion of 5-FU at 5 mg/kg over 24 h for 6 consecutive days, which gave a plasma 5-FU level of 176 ng/ml. Continuous infusion of 5-FU to give a plasma level of 300 ng/ml for 6 consecutive days from day 5 after implantation of tumor cells, when the tumors weighed about 1.0 g, resulted in complete regression of the tumors in all rats.
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Araki S, Chikazawa K, Sekiguchi I, Yamauchi H, Motoyama M, Tamada T. Arrest of follicular development in a patient with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency: folliculogenesis in association with a lack of estrogen synthesis in the ovaries. Fertil Steril 1987; 47:169-72. [PMID: 3491767 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The degree of follicular development was examined in a patient with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency that accounted for impairment of estrogen and androgen biosynthesis. The ovarian content of P was markedly higher than those of any other steroids requiring 17 alpha-hydroxylation for synthesis. The morphologic analysis of the ovaries demonstrated that normal follicles could not develop to more than 2.2 mm in diameter, and most follicles with diameters of 1.0 mm or more yielded to atresia. It is known that estrogen and FSH act synergistically on the growth of the follicles. Our data suggest that the follicles can develop up to the size of 2.2 mm in diameter at most with the sole stimulation of gonadotropin.
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Araki S, Takanashi N, Chikazawa K, Motoyama M, Akabori A, Konuma S, Tamada T. Reevaluation of immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels in general circulation in women: changes in levels and episodic patterns before, during and after gonadotropin surges. ENDOCRINOLOGIA JAPONICA 1986; 33:457-68. [PMID: 3098547 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj1954.33.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to reevaluate the earlier varying data regarding circulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), we assayed extracted GnRH from the plasma frequently collected at mid-cycle in 11 women. For the analysis of episodic GnRH patterns and basal levels, blood samples were obtained at 6 h intervals for 72 h and at 15 min intervals for 2 h every 12 h throughout the experimental period. All blood samples were assayed for GnRH and selected samples for LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone. For GnRH assay, 5 or 6 ml of blood was mixed with 60 mg of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium salt, and 3 mg of phenylmethylsulfonyl floride immediately after blood collection. These enzyme inhibitors prevented the destruction of GnRH in the blood at room temperature for at least 4 h. Plasma GnRH was extracted through several steps including florisil absorption, acidic extraction and washing with organic solvent. Nonspecific immunoreactivity in the plasma was markedly decreased through this extraction process. Our assay values (approximate range, 0.1-2.0 pg/ml) of plasma GnRH in normal women corresponded to the low range of those obtained by others who used the alcohol extraction method. The basal levels of GnRH did not change significantly throughout 3 different periods, i.e., before, during and after the LH surges, and fluctuated between a small range of 0.11 and 1.44 pg/ml. Although the peak levels of GnRH observed in its episodic patterns did not change between the periods before and during the LH surges, they decreased significantly after the LH surge compared with those seen during the LH surges (0.93 +/- 0.07 vs 1.17 +/- 0.09 pg/ml, p less than 0.05). The present data demonstrate that immunoreactive GnRH in the extracted peripheral plasma does not change significantly in its mean, basal and peak levels during the periovulatory period except for a minor but significant decrease in the peak levels shortly after an LH surge.
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Araki S, Motoyama M, Chikazawa K, Ijima K, Tamada T. Biphasic stimulatory effects of estrogen on gonadotropin surges induced by continuous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in women. ENDOCRINOLOGIA JAPONICA 1985; 32:595-605. [PMID: 3937722 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj1954.32.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present experiments were performed to study the effects of preovulatory levels of estrogen on GnRH-induced gonadotropin release. Twelve female volunteers in various phases of the menstrual cycle received estradiol infusion for 66 h at a constant rate of 500 micrograms/24 h which is grossly equivalent to its production rate during the preovulatory follicular phase. In 8 of the women, GnRH was administered concomitantly from 6 h after the initiation of estradiol infusion. The administered doses of GnRH were 2.5 and 5 micrograms/h. Blood samples obtained throughout the infusion were analysed for LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone. The sole administration of estradiol failed to induce the positive feedback effect on gonadotropin release within the experimental period in the early follicular phase (days 3-7) in 4 women. In 5 women treated during the follicular phase, remarkable LH releases were induced after a lag period by the infusion of both GnRH and estradiol. The induced LH surge formed a prolonged biphasic pattern. Although a similar pattern of FSH was observed in some cases, its response was minimal compared with that of LH. In 3 women during the luteal phase, however, a combined administration of estradiol and GnRH induced only a short term release of LH which was terminated in only 12 h. The present data indicate that 1) Preovulatory levels of estrogen affect the late part of the LH surge which is induced by constant administration of low doses of GnRH resulting in a prolonged biphasic release of LH, and 2) These effects of both hormones are not manifest in the presence of high levels of progesterone. These results indicate the possibility of a role of GnRH and estrogen in the mechanism of the prolonged elevation of a gonadotropin surge at mid-cycle.
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Araki S, Chikazawa K, Motoyama M, Ijima K, Abe N, Tamada T. Reduction in pituitary desensitization and prolongation of gonadotropin release by estrogen during continuous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in women: its antagonism by progesterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 60:590-8. [PMID: 3919050 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-60-3-590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to elucidate gonadal steroid influences on gonadotropin release and subsequent pituitary desensitization to GnRH. Sixteen women, 10 of whom were normal and 6 of whom had hypogonadism, were infused with GnRH at rates ranging from 0.313-10 micrograms/h via an indwelling iv catheter for 66 h. Blood samples obtained throughout the GnRH infusion were analyzed for LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone. A prompt and substantial release of gonadotropin occurred in women with ovarian failure or during the luteal phase in normal women compared with that during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Thereafter, a gradual decrease in gonadotropin secretion occurred due to pituitary desensitization, which was slower in the follicular phase than in other groups. A dose-related increase in integrated LH release occurred during GnRH infusion, but this response tapered off with administration of large doses of GnRH to women with ovarian failure or during the luteal phase. In contrast, it increased linearly up to the maximum dose of GnRH in the follicular phase. These data suggest that 1) basal levels of estrogen suppress the early rapid release of gonadotropin in response to GnRH and reduce subsequent pituitary desensitization, resulting in the prolonged release of LH; 2) estrogen widens the range of dose-related increases in gonadotropin in response to GnRH; and 3) these effects of estrogen are antagonized by progesterone.
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