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Park JH, Noh ES, Hwang IT. α-Klotho levels in girls with central precocious puberty: potential as a diagnostic and monitoring marker. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1383812. [PMID: 38650713 PMCID: PMC11033302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1383812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest a link between the Klotho protein, sex hormones, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), indicating that α-Klotho levels may rise during puberty, including in central precocious puberty (CPP) cases. This study aimed to explore α-Klotho levels in girls with CPP to assess its potential as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for this condition. Methods In total, 139 girls, comprising 82 patients diagnosed with CPP and 57 healthy prepubertal controls, were enrolled in this study. From March 2020 to May 2023, we assessed both α-Klotho levels and clinical parameters. α-Klotho concentrations were measured using an α-Klotho ELISA kit. For the girls with CPP, we additionally analyzed samples taken 6 months after GnRH agonist treatment. Results α-Klotho levels were higher in the CPP group compared with the control (CPP group: 2529 ± 999 ng/mL; control group: 1802 ± 675 pg/mL) (P < 0.001), and its level modest decreased after 6 months of GnRH agonist treatment (2147± 789 pg/mL) (P < 0.001). The association between α-Klotho and IGF-1 SDS, follicular stimulating hormone and baseline luteinizing hormone was assessed by partial correlation after adjusting for age, BMI SDS (r= 0.416, p= <0.001; r= 0.261, p= 0.005; r= 0.278, p= 0.002), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified an α-Klotho cut-off differentiating CPP from controls, with a cut-off of 1914 pg/mL distinguishing girls with CPP from controls with a sensitivity of 69.5% and specificity of 70.2%; the area under the curve was 0.723. Conclusion The findings of our study are the first step towards deciphering the role of α-Klotho in puberty induction. With additional data and further research, α-Klotho could potentially be utilized as a significant diagnostic and monitoring tool for CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu-Seon Noh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Tae Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yu Y, Zhang D, Xu J, Zhang D, Yang L, Xia R, Wang SL. Adolescence is a sensitive period for acrylamide-induced sex hormone disruption: Evidence from NHANES populations and experimental mice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114413. [PMID: 36516620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is widely contaminated in environment and diet. However, the association of AA and sex hormones has rarely been investigated, especially in adolescents, a period of particular susceptibility to sex hormone disruption. In this study, survey-weighted multivariate linear regression models were conducted to determine the association between AA Hb biomarkers [HbAA and glycidamide (HbGA)] and sex hormones [total testosterone (TT) and estradiol (E2)] in a total of 3268 subjects from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016 waves. Additionally, adult and pubertal mice were treated with AA to assess the effect of AA on sex hormones and to explore the potential mechanisms. Among all the subjects, significant negative patterns for HbGA and sex hormones were identified only in youths (6-19 years old), with the lowest β being - 0.53 (95% CI: -0.80 to -0.26) for TT in males and - 0.58 (95% CI: -0.93 to -0.23) for E2 in females. Stratified analysis further revealed significant negative associations between HbGA and sex hormones in adolescents, with the lowest β being - 0.58 (95% CI: -1.02 to -0.14) for TT in males and - 0.54 (95% CI: -1.03 to -0.04) for E2 in females, while there were no significant differences between children or late adolescents. In mice, the levels of TT and E2 were dramatically reduced in AA-treated pubertal mice but not in adult mice. AA disturbed the expression of genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, induced apoptosis of hypothalamus-produced gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus and reduced serum and hypothalamic GnRH levels in pubertal mice. Our study indicates AA could reduce TT and E2 levels by injuring GnRH neurons and disrupting the HPG axis in puberty, which manifested as severe endocrine disruption on adolescents. Our findings reinforce the idea that adolescence is a vulnerable stage in AA-induced sex hormone disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Daiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Keskin T, Erden Y, Tekin S. Intracerebroventricular asprosin administration strongly stimulates hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111451. [PMID: 34500042 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Asprosin, a protein-based secretary product of white adipose tissue, stimulates appetite hepatic glucose production. It crosses blood-brain barrier and stimulates appetite center and causes sperm chemotaxis but exact role of this endogenous agent is not completely known. This study was conducted to investigate possible effects of central asprosin infusion on the hormones involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis and sperm cells. Spraque Dawley male rats were divided into four groups; control, sham, low asprosin (34) and high asprosin (68 nM) groups, (n = 10 for each group). Control group remain intact while a brain infusion kit was placed in the lateral ventricles of the rats in the sham group (artificial cerebrospinal fluid) and asprosin (34 and 68 nM) was infused for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the hypothalamus, blood, and epididymis tissues of the rats were collected. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA and tissue protein levels were determined in the hypothalamus tissue by RT-PCR and Western Blot methods. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels were examined using the ELISA method from blood samples and sperm cells were examined in the epididymis tissue. GnRH mRNA and protein expressions of asprosin administered groups were higher than control and sham groups (p < 0.05). Asprosin infusion was also found to increase serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels (p < 0.05). In addition, sperm density, motility, and progressive movement were observed to increase in asprosin administered groups (p < 0.05). This study suggests that central asprosin stimulate the HPT axis and also epididymis tissue. Our results implicates potential role for asprosin in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Keskin
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Erden
- Bartin University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Suat Tekin
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey.
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Khajehnasiri N, Dehkordi MB, Amini-Khoei H, Mohammadabadi MSM, Sadeghian R. Effect of exercise intensity and duration on the levels of stress hormones and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in adult male rats: an experimental study. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:483-490. [PMID: 34258750 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-021-00303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of exercise on stress has been demonstrated in several studies which have shown that exercise intensity and duration have various effects on the reproductive axis. This study evaluated the effect of different intensities and durations of exercise on the hormonal indices of stress, such as corticosterone (CORT), norepinephrine (NEP), and also reproductive performance indices, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T). METHODS In this experimental study, 30 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: no-exercise, RME-1 (regular moderate exercise for 1 month), RME-6 (regular moderate exercise for 6 months), RIE-1 (regular intensive exercise for 1 month), and RIE-6 (regular intensive exercise for 6 months). At the end of the experiment, the serum levels of the abovementioned hormones and hypothalamic expression of the Gnrh gene were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the real-time polymerase chain reaction method, respectively. RESULTS The levels of stress hormones, including CORT and NEP, increased only in the RIE-1 group compared with the no-exercise group. In addition, an increase was observed in T hormone levels in the RME-1 group compared with those in the no-exercise group, whereas LH and T hormone levels showed a greater decrease in the RIE-6 group than in the no-exercise group. Gnrh expression levels showed an increase and a decrease in the RME-1 and RIE-6 groups compared with the no-exercise group, respectively. CONCLUSION These results confirmed the effects of different intensities and durations of exercise on sex hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Khajehnasiri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Banitalebi Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 88137-33343, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Reihaneh Sadeghian
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 88137-33343, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Chung LY, Kang E, Nam HK, Rhie YJ, Lee KH. Efficacy of Triptorelin 3-Month Depot Compared to 1-Month Depot for the Treatment of Korean Girls with Central Precocious Puberty in Single Tertiary Center. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e219. [PMID: 34463062 PMCID: PMC8405405 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triptorelin depot is largely used to treat central precocious puberty (CPP) in children, and a 3-month depot has been introduced. However, data about the 3-month gonadotropin-releasing hormone use for treatment of CPP in Korean girls are not available. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of a triptorelin 11.25 mg 3-month depot with that of a 3.75 mg 1-month depot in suppressing pubertal development for the treatment of CPP. METHODS A retrospective study, including 106 girls with CPP treated with triptorelin, was conducted. Fifty patients were treated with a triptorelin 3-month depot, and 56 were treated with a triptorelin 1-month depot. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol levels were analysed every 6 months after the visit. The height and bone age of each patient was evaluated at the beginning of treatment, after 6 months, and one year after therapy. RESULTS The baseline characteristics of the girls treated with a 3-month depot were similar to those of the girls treated with a 1-month depot. A suppressed levels of LH to the triptorelin injection (serum LH < 2.5 IU/L) at 6 months was seen in 90.0% and 98.2% of the girls treated with the 3-month and 1-month depots, respectively (P = 0.160). After 1 year of treatment, a suppressed levels of LH was seen in 93.5% and 100% of the girls treated with the 3-month and 1-month depots, respectively (P = 0.226). Height velocity showed no significant difference between the two groups. Degree of bone age advancement decreased from 1.22 ± 0.07 and 1.22 ± 0.08 years at baseline (P = 0.914) to 1.16 ± 0.07 and 1.17 ± 0.08 in the girls treated with the 3-month and 1-month depots after 1 year, respectively (P = 0.481). CONCLUSION This study showed that the efficacy of long-acting triptorelin 3-month was comparable to 1-month depot regarding hormonal suppression and inhibition of bone maturation. The triptorelin 11.25 mg 3-month depot is an effective treatment for girls with CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Yoojin Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eungu Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Nam
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Rhie
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
Although Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) are common sellar/parasellar lesions, studies examining pituitary function in patients with nonsurgical RCC are limited. This study aimed to clarify the importance of RCCs, including small nonsurgical ones, as a cause of hypopituitarism by determining the prevalence of pituitary hormone secretion impairment and its relationship to cyst/tumor size in patients with RCC and in those with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFA). We retrospectively investigated the basal levels of each anterior pituitary hormone, its responses in the stimulation test(s), and cyst/tumor size in patients with RCC (n = 67) and NFA (n = 111) who were consecutively admitted to our hospital for endocrinological evaluation. RCCs were much smaller than NFAs (median height, 12 vs. 26 mm). The prevalence of gonadotropin, PRL, and GH secretion impairment in RCC was lower in comparison to NFA (19% vs. 44%, 34% vs. 61%, and 24% vs. 46%, respectively), whereas the prevalence of TSH and ACTH secretion impairment was comparable (21-27% and 17-24%, respectively). A significant positive relationship between cyst/tumor size and number of impaired hormones was observed in both groups, but smaller cysts could cause hormone secretion impairment in RCC. Stimulation tests suggested that most hormone secretion impairment was attributable to the interrupted hypothalamic-pituitary axis in both groups. Therefore, RCC, even small ones, can cause pituitary dysfunction. Different mechanisms may underlie hypothalamic-pituitary interruption in RCC and NFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizue Fujii
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakagawa
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Osamu Tachibana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hideaki Iizuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
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Chen Y, Sun T, Niu Y, Wang D, Liu K, Wang T, Wang S, Xu H, Liu J. Cell adhesion molecule L1 like plays a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1739-1751. [PMID: 33453020 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is genetically complex. The aims of this study were to investigate the genetic profile and clinical manifestation of IHH in a Chinese pedigree and to discover new IHH-associated genes. METHODS The first step was to follow up the clinical phenotype and therapeutic outcomes of the pedigree in university hospital. The second step was that mutation screening was performed in this pedigree and 100 healthy controls. The third step was to further verify the pathogenicity of the discovered rare sequencing variant (RSV) by functional experiments. Whole exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, testicular volume (TV), semen analysis, assessment of cell migration and necroptosis were performed. RESULTS One heterozygous RSV (p.G517E) in CHL1 was identified in two male IHH patients and their mother in the pedigree, but not in healthy controls. All the three individuals exhibited olfactory impairment. hCG/hMG treatment significantly improved TV, serum testosterone and/or semen parameters of the two male patients. Functional analysis indicated that CHL1 significantly regulated GnRH neuronal cell line (GN11 cells) migration and necroptosis, with alteration of ERK1/2 activation, calcium loading, and transcription of RIPK3 and MLKL. However, the above processes were negatively influenced by the CHL1 RSV. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports the genetic relevance of CHL1 in IHH, and characterizes the phenotypic and therapeutic profiles in patients carrying the CHL1 RSV. CHL1 may act as a new IHH-associated gene, and should be taken into consideration in future investigations for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - T Sun
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Y Niu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - D Wang
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - K Liu
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - T Wang
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - H Xu
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - J Liu
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Moustafa A. Hindlimb unloading-induced reproductive suppression via Downregulation of hypothalamic Kiss-1 expression in adult male rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:37. [PMID: 33663539 PMCID: PMC7931529 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spaceflights-induced microgravity can alter various physiological processes in human's body including the functional status of the reproductive system. Rodent model of tail-suspension hindlimb unloading is extensively used to stimulate the organs responses to the microgravity condition. This study explores the potential effects of hindlimb unloading on testicular functions and spermatogenesis in adult male rats and the underlying mechanism/s. METHODS Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were allotted into two groups: normally loaded group (control; all arms were in touch with the grid floor) and hindlimb unloaded group (HU; only the forearms were in contact with the grid floor). RESULTS Following 30 days of exposure, the HU group saw a decline in body weight, testicular and epidydimal weights, and all semen parameters. The circulating concentrations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone significantly decreased, while levels of kisspeptin, corticosterone, inhibin, prolactin and estradiol (E2) increased in the HU group. Intratesticular levels of 5α-reductase enzyme and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were suppressed, while the levels of aromatase and kisspeptin were significantly elevated in the HU group. Hypothalamic kisspeptin (Kiss1) mRNA expression levels were downregulated while its receptors (Kiss1R) were upregulated in the HU group. On the contrary, the mRNA expression levels of testicular Kiss1 were upregulated while Kiss1R were downregulated. The pituitary mRNA expression levels of FSHβ and LHβ decreased in the HU group. The levels of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were elevated while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations declined in the testes of HU group. The testes of the HU rats showed positive immunostaining of caspase-3, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and Bcl2. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results revealed an inhibitory effect of hindlimb unloading on kisspeptin signaling in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis with impaired spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Moustafa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Porter DT, Goodman RL, Hileman SM, Lehman MN. Evidence that synaptic plasticity of glutamatergic inputs onto KNDy neurones during the ovine follicular phase is dependent on increasing levels of oestradiol. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12945. [PMID: 33713519 PMCID: PMC7959185 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurones in the arcuate nucleus co-expressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin (KNDy) play a critical role in the control of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinising hormone (LH) secretion. In sheep, KNDy neurones mediate both steroid-negative- and -positive-feedback during pulsatile and preovulatory surge secretions of GnRH/LH, respectively. In addition, KNDy neurones receive glutamatergic inputs expressing vGlut2, a glutamate transporter that serves as a marker for those terminals, from both KNDy neurones and other populations of glutamatergic neurones. Previous work reported higher numbers of vGlut2-positive axonal inputs onto KNDy neurones during the LH surge than in luteal phase ewes. In the present study, we further examined the effects of the ovarian steroids progesterone (P) and oestradiol (E2 ) on glutamatergic inputs to KNDy neurones. Ovariectomised (OVX) ewes received either no further treatment (OVX) or steroid treatments that mimicked the luteal phase (low E2 + P), and early (low E2 ) or late follicular (high E2 ) phases of the oestrous cycle (n = 4 or 5 per group). Brain sections were processed for triple-label immunofluorescent detection of NKB/vGlut2/synaptophysin and analysed using confocal microscopy. We found higher numbers of vGlut2 inputs onto KNDy neurones in high E2 compared to the other three treatment groups. These results suggest that synaptic plasticity of glutamatergic inputs onto KNDy neurones during the ovine follicular phase depend on increasing levels of E2 required for the preovulatory GnRH/surge. These synaptic changes likely contribute to the positive-feedback action of oestrogen on GnRH/LH secretion and thus the generation of the preovulatory surge in the sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle T. Porter
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Dept. of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | | | | | - Michael N. Lehman
- Brain Health Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University
- Corresponding author and reprint requests to: Michael N. Lehman, Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, 251K Integrated Sciences Building, Kent, Ohio, 44242-0001 USA, Phone: 330-672-2732;
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10
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Abstract
AIM The exact mechanisms that trigger the onset of puberty are not well known. Adipomyokines are postulated to stimulate the central neural network. In the present study, we investigated irisin levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP), slowly progressing precocious puberty (SPPP), or premature thelarche (PT); we also studied prepubertal girls and to determine if this adipomyokine could be used as a marker in this context. METHODS A total of 94 girls including 33 with CPP, 31 with precocious puberty (PP) variants (SPPP or PT), and 30 healthy controls were enrolled to the study. The mean irisin levels were compared between groups. The bivariate correlations of irisin levels with clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictive factors of irisin levels. RESULTS Irisin levels were higher in the CPP group compared with the other groups (CPP group: 723.25 ± 62.35 ng/mL; PP variants group: 529.60 ± 39.66 ng/mL; and control group: 325.03 ± 27.53 ng/mL) (P < 0.001). Irisin levels were positively correlated with body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS), height-SDS, weight-SDS, bone age, uterus long axis, ovary size, baseline FSH and LH, and peak LH levels. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that irisin levels had the strongest correlation with peak LH. The other independent predictive factor of irisin levels was BMI-SDS. CONCLUSIONS The mean irisin levels were higher in patients with CPP compared with other groups. The results of this study imply that increased irisin levels may be used as a marker of CPP provided that these findings are confirmed in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kutlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İlker Tolga Özgen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huri Bulut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Koçyiğit
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Otçu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Cesur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Calcaterra V, Klersy C, Vinci F, Regalbuto C, Dobbiani G, Montalbano C, Pelizzo G, Albertini R, Larizza D. Rapid progressive central precocious puberty: diagnostic and predictive value of basal sex hormone levels and pelvic ultrasound. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:785-791. [PMID: 32441670 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Data on the predictive values of parameters included in the diagnostic work-up for precocious puberty (PP) remain limited. We detected the diagnostic value of basal sex hormone levels, pelvic ultrasound parameters and bone age assessment for activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in girls with PP, in order to help in the decision to perform GnRH testing. Patients and methods We retrospectively considered 177 girls with PP. According to puberty evolution, the girls were divided into two groups: rapid progressive central precocious puberty (RP-CPP) and non/slowly progressive/transient forms (SP-PP). In all patients we considered Tanner stage, basal luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) values, bone age, and pelvis examination. We assessed the diagnostic value of each variable and identified the number of pathological parameters that best identify patients with RP-CPP. Results Basal LH ≥ 0.2IU/L, E2 level ≥ 50 pmol/L, uterine longitudinal diameter ≥ 3.5 cm, transverse uterine diameter ≥ 1.5 cm, endometrial echo and ovarian volume ≥ 2 cm3 were significantly associated with RP-CPP (p ≤ 0.01). The ability to diagnose RP-CPP was enhanced with increasing number of pathological hormonal and instrumental parameters (p < 0.001). With more than three parameters detected, sensitivity and specificity reached 58% (95%CI 48-67) and 85% (95%CI 74-92), respectively, with a PPV = 86% (95%CI 76-93) and PPN = 54% (95%CI 43-54); the area under the ROC curve was 0.71 (95%CI 0.65-0.78). Conclusion Despite the availability of different tests, diagnosing RP-CPP remains difficult. A diagnosis model including at least three hormonal and/or ultrasound parameters may serve as a useful preliminary step in selecting patients who require GnRH testing for early detection of RC-PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, P.le Golgi n.2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Biometry & Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Vinci
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Dobbiani
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Montalbano
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Ospedale dei Bambini "Vittore Buzzi" and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "L. Sacco", University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Albertini
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Larizza
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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12
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Wankanit S, Mahachoklertwattana P, Pattanaprateep O, Poomthavorn P. Basal serum luteinising hormone cut-off, and its utility and cost-effectiveness for aiding the diagnosis of the onset of puberty in girls with early stages of breast development. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 92:46-54. [PMID: 31705682 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine basal and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa)-stimulated peak luteinising hormone (LH) cut-offs to diagnose onset of early or normal puberty in girls with each Tanner stage of breast (II and III). DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS A retrospective study of 601 girls with breast onset before 8 years of age who underwent GnRHa test was conducted. Patients were categorized as CPP and premature thelarche. Each group was divided into two subgroups; Tanner II and III. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed. RESULTS In comparison with basal LH cut-off of 0.3 IU/L, basal LH cut-off of 0.2 IU/L had comparable specificity (Tanner II: 98.0% vs 94.8%, Tanner III: 98.8% vs 93.8%), but greater sensitivity (Tanner II: 28.3% vs 41.7%, Tanner III: 45.2% vs 59.3%). Specificity of basal LH cut-off of 0.2 IU/L was not inferior to that of the traditionally used peak LH of 5 IU/L. Using basal LH cut-off of 0.2 IU/L followed by GnRHa test in girls with negative basal LH was more cost-saving when compared with using the cut-off of 0.3 IU/L. Moreover, using basal LH cut-off of 0.2 IU/L followed by GnRHa test provided a cost reduction when compared with performing GnRHa test in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Basal serum LH cut-off of 0.2 IU/L could be a simple and cost-saving tool for initial diagnosis of onset of early or normal puberty in girls with Tanner II and III before proceeding to GnRH testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somboon Wankanit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pat Mahachoklertwattana
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Oraluck Pattanaprateep
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preamrudee Poomthavorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Moenter SM, Silveira MA, Wang L, Adams C. Central aspects of systemic oestradiol negative- and positive-feedback on the reproductive neuroendocrine system. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12724. [PMID: 31054210 PMCID: PMC6829026 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system regulates fertility via the release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This control revolves around the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which operates under traditional homeostatic feedback by sex steroids from the gonads in males and most of the time in females. An exception is the late follicular phase in females, when homeostatic feedback is suspended and a positive-feedback response to oestradiol initiates the preovulatory surges of GnRH and luteinising hormone. Here, we briefly review the history of how mechanisms underlying central control of ovulation by circulating steroids have been studied, discuss the relative merit of different model systems and integrate some of the more recent findings in this area into an overall picture of how this phenomenon occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Moenter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Marina A. Silveira
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Luhong Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Caroline Adams
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
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14
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Qassemian A, Koushkie Jahromi M, Salesi M, Namavar Jahromi B. Swimming modifies the effect of noise stress on the HPG axis of male rats. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:417-422. [PMID: 31515712 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the effect of noise pollution on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In this study, the effects of noise pollution and swimming on the HPG hormone axis of male rats were investigated. METHODS Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to four groups of equal size, including control (C), swimming (S), noise (N), and noise with swimming (NS). Serum levels of GnRH, LH, FSH, and testosterone were measured through blood samples taken 48 h following the last session of treatment. The main treatment programs of voluntary swimming and noise stress were performed 5 days per week over 7 weeks. RESULTS Serum levels of GnRH, LH, FSH, and testosterone decreased after exposure to the noise compared with the S and C groups, while in the S group, all hormone levels were higher than those in the C and N groups. Hormone levels of the SN group were higher than those in the N group but lower than those in the C group. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to noise is known to have a negative impact on male sex hormones, while submaximal swimming exercise is likely to reduce these effects and improve HPG axis hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Qassemian
- Department of Sport Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Salesi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahia Namavar Jahromi
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Kassidi F, Boujoual M, Hassani MEME. Kallmann Syndrome with Syndactyly. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2019; 29:S101-S102. [PMID: 31779756 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2019.12.s101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kallmann syndrome is a rare genetic disorder marked by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and anosmia, affecting 1 in 50,000 females. It is due to a defect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-secreting neurons migration from the nasal olfactory epithelium to the basal hypothalamus. Non-reproductive, non-olfactory symptoms can also be present, depending on the genetic form of disease. The management includes hormone replacement therapy and fertility treatment. We report a case of Kallmann syndrome in an 18-year girl who presented with primary amenorrhea with poor, secondary sexual characteristics' development, poor sense of smell and syndactyly. The plasma levels of luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and estradiol were very low, while chromosome analysis showed 46, XX karyotype. Pelvic MRI confirmed the presence of uterus and ovaries. MRI of brain was normal. Treatment was started with cyclic conjugated estrogen and progestin with good response. She is now on regular follow-up to monitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Kassidi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Military and Training Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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16
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Peng X, Sun X, Yu M, Fu W, Chen H, Chen J. Chronic exposure to environmental concentrations of phenanthrene impairs zebrafish reproduction. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 182:109376. [PMID: 31254851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (PHE) is a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which distributed extensively in the aquatic environment. However, the knowledge about its impact on fish reproduction is still limited, particularly under a chronic exposure regime. In this study, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 μg/L) of PHE for 4 months and assessed the impact on reproduction. The results demonstrated that egg production was decreased in fish exposed to PHE, with a significant reduction at 5.0 μg/L. The exposure significantly decreased the circulating concentrations of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) in female fish or E2 in male fish. In addition, plasma vitellogenin levels were significantly inhibited after PHE exposure in female fish. The transcription of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis related genes (GnRH2, FSHβ, LHβ, 17β-HSD, CYP11A1, and CYP19a) were significantly altered in a sex-specific manner. In addition, embryos derived from exposed parents exhibited increased malformation and decreased hatching success in the F1 generation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentration of PHE could cause adverse effects on reproduction and impair the development of offspring, ultimately leading to fish population decline in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandong Peng
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhou Chen
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Di Giorgio NP, Bizzozzero Hiriart M, Surkin PN, López PV, Bourguignon NS, Dorfman VB, Bettler B, Libertun C, Lux-Lantos V. Multiple failures in the lutenising hormone surge generating system in GABAB1KO female mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12765. [PMID: 31269532 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Female mice lacking GABAB receptors, GABAB1KO, show disrupted oestrous cycles, reduced pregnancies and increased hypothalamic Gnrh1 mRNA expression, whereas anteroventral periventricular/periventricular preoptic nucleus (AVPV/PeN) Kiss1 mRNA was not affected. In the present study, we characterise the important components of the gonadotrophic preovulatory surge, aiming to unravel the origin of this reproductive impairment. In GABAB1KO and wild-type (WT) females, we determined: (i) hypothalamic oestrogen receptor (ER)α and β and aromatase mRNA and protein expression; (ii) ovulation index and oestrus serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and pituitary Gnrh1r expression; (iii) in ovariectomised-oestradiol valerate-treated mice, we evaluated ex vivo hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatility in the presence/absence of kisspeptin (Kiss-10, constant or pulsatile) and oestradiol (constant); and (iv) in ovariectomised-oestradiol silastic capsule-treated mice (proestrous-like environment), we evaluated morning and evening kisspeptin neurone activation (c-Fos+) and serum luteinising homrone (LH). In the medial basal hypothalamus of oestrus GABAB1KOs, aromatase and ERα mRNA and protein were increased, whereas ERβ was decreased. In GABAB1KOs, the ovulation index was decreased together with decreased first oestrus serum FSH and increased pituitary Gnrh1r mRNA. Under constant Kiss-10 stimulation, hypothalamic GnRH pulse frequency did not vary, although GnRH mass/pulse was increased in GABAB1KOs. In WTs, pulsatile Kiss-10 together with constant oestradiol significantly increased GnRH pulsatility, whereas, in GABAB1KOs, oestradiol alone increased GnRH pulsatility and this was reversed by pulsatile Kiss-10 addition. In GABAB1KOs AVPV/PeN kisspeptin neurones were similarly activated (c-Fos+) in the morning and evening, whereas WTs showed the expected, marked evening stimulation. LH correlated with activated kisspeptin cells in WT mice, whereas GABAB1KO mice showed high, similar LH levels both in the morning and evening. Taken together, all of these alterations point to impairment in the trigger of the preovulatory GnRH surge that entails the reproductive alterations described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia P Di Giorgio
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Pablo N Surkin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula V López
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia S Bourguignon
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica B Dorfman
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Carlos Libertun
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Lux-Lantos
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Rodríguez R, Felip A, Zanuy S, Carrillo M. Advanced puberty triggered by bi-weekly changes in reproductive factors during the photolabile period in a male teleost fish, Dicentrarchus labrax L. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 275:82-93. [PMID: 30738863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of continuous light (LL) within the photolabile period on advanced puberty in juvenile male European sea bass. The exposure to an LL regime for 1 month, from August 15 to September 15 (LLa/s), was compared to a constant simulated natural photoperiod (NP) and constant continuous light conditions year-round (LLy). Somatic growth, hormone plasma levels, rates of testicular maturation and spermiation, as well as the mRNA levels of some reproductive genes were analyzed. Our results demonstrated that both LLa/s and LLy treatments, which include LL exposure during the photolabile period, were highly effective in inhibiting the gametogenesis process that affects testicular development, and clearly reduced the early sexual maturation of males. Exposure to an LL photoperiod affected body weight and length of juvenile fish during early gametogenesis and throughout the first year of life. Interestingly, LL induced bi-weekly changes in some reproductive factors affecting Gnrh1 and Gnrh2 content in the brain, and also reduced pituitary fshβ expression and plasmatic levels of 11-KT, E2, Fsh throughout early gametogenesis. We suggest that low levels of E2 in early September in the LL groups, which would be concomitant with the reduced number of spermatogonial mitoses in these groups, might indicate a putative role for estrogens in spermatogonial proliferation during the early gonadal development of this species. Furthermore, a significant decrease in amh expression was observed, coinciding with low plasma levels of 11-KT under LL regimes, which is consistent with the idea that this growth factor may be crucial for the progress of spermatogenesis in male sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rodríguez
- Fish Reproductive Physiology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Castelló, Spain
| | - Alicia Felip
- Fish Reproductive Physiology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Castelló, Spain.
| | - Silvia Zanuy
- Fish Reproductive Physiology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Castelló, Spain
| | - Manuel Carrillo
- Fish Reproductive Physiology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Castelló, Spain.
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19
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Gao Y, Yu B, Mao J, Wang X, Nie M, Wu X. Assisted reproductive techniques with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:85. [PMID: 30453944 PMCID: PMC6245556 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) including androgen replacement or sequential therapy of estrogen and progesterone, The combination of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and pulsatile GnRH, is not sufficient to produce sufficient gametes in some patients with Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH). A Systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine that assisted reproductive techniques (ART) can effectively treat different causes of infertility. METHODS To determine the effect of ART on fertility of CHH patients and investigate whether outcomes are similar to infertility due to other causes, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective trials. Clinical trials were systematically searched in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials databases. The keywords and major terms covered "hypogonadotropic hypogonadism", "kallmann syndrome", "assisted reproductive techniques", "intrauterine insemination", "intracytoplasmic sperm injection", "testicular sperm extraction", "in vitro fertilization", "embryo transplantation" and "intra-Fallopian transfer". RESULTS A total of 388 pregnancies occurred among 709 CHH patients who received ART (effectiveness 46, 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.53) in the 20 studies we included. The I2 in trials assessing overall pregnancy rate (PR) per embryo transfer (ET) cycle was 73.06%. Similar results were observed in subgroup analysis by different gender. Regression indicates pregnancy rate decreases with increasing age. Fertilization, implantation and live birth rates (72, 36 and 40%) showed no significant differences as compared to infertility due to other causes. CONCLUSIONS Despite CHH patients usually being difficult to generate gametes, their actual chances of fertility are similar to subjects with other non-obstructive infertility. ART is a suitable option for CHH patients who do not conceive after long-term gonadotropin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Gao
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health; Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wang Fu Jing St, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Bingqing Yu
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health; Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wang Fu Jing St, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jiangfeng Mao
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health; Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wang Fu Jing St, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health; Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wang Fu Jing St, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Min Nie
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health; Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wang Fu Jing St, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xueyan Wu
- Key laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health; Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wang Fu Jing St, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730 China
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20
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Chasles M, Chesneau D, Moussu C, Poissenot K, Beltramo M, Delgadillo JA, Chemineau P, Keller M. Sexually active bucks are a critical social cue that activates the gonadotrope axis and early puberty onset in does. Horm Behav 2018; 106:81-92. [PMID: 30308180 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, early exposure to adult male is well known to induce an early puberty in females (Vandenbergh effect). This phenomenon has been less studied in other mammals. In goats, despite our extensive knowledge about the "male-effect" phenomenon in adults (i.e. ovulation induced by the introduction of the male during the anestrous), there are few data on the consequences of an early exposure of females to males. Here, we evaluated the puberty onset of young alpine goats when raised since weaning with intact bucks (INT), with castrated bucks (CAS) or isolated from bucks (ISOL). The INT group had the first ovulation 1.5 month before the two other groups. Despite the earlier puberty the INT group of females had normal and regular ovarian cycles. Morphological study of the genital tract showed that at 6 months, uterus of INT goats was 40% heavier than CAS and ISOL goats. Moreover, INT females had a myometrium significantly thicker and INT was the only group having corpora lutea. In our study, INT females were pubescent in the month following the entry of bucks into the breeding season, suggesting that only sexually active bucks provide the signal responsible for puberty acceleration. By removing direct contact with the bucks, we showed that somatosensory interactions were dispensable for an early puberty induction. Finally, no difference in the GnRH network (fiber density and number of synaptic appositions) can be detected between pubescent and non-pubescent females, suggesting that the male stimulations triggering puberty onset act probably on upstream neuronal networks, potentially on kisspeptin neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Chasles
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Chesneau
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Chantal Moussu
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Kevin Poissenot
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - José Alberto Delgadillo
- Centro de Investigacíon en Reproducción Caprina, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Philippe Chemineau
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Matthieu Keller
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Lemaire P, Duhil de Bénazé G, Mul D, Heger S, Oostdijk W, Brauner R. A mathematical model for predicting the adult height of girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty: A European validation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205318. [PMID: 30300409 PMCID: PMC6178384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A previous single-center study established a mathematical model for predicting the adult height (AH) in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP). Objective To perform internal and external validations by comparing the actual AH to the calculated AH established by this model and to update it. Methods The original formula, calculated AH (cm) = 2.21 (height at initial evaluation, SD) + 2.32 (target height, SD) - 1.83 (luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone peaks ratio) + 159.68, was established in a sample of 134 girls (group 4) and was applied to additional girls with CPP seen in the same center (group 1, n = 35), in Germany (group 2, n = 43) and in the Netherlands (group 3, n = 72). This formula has been updated based on these extended data, and both versions are available at the following location: http://www.kamick.org/lemaire/med/girls-cpp15.html. Results Despite the differences among the 4 groups in terms of their characteristics at the initial evaluation and the percentages of patients treated with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue, they have similar calculated and actual AHs. The actual AHs are 162.2±7.0, 163.0±7.6, 162.4±7.7 and 162.1±5.6 cm in groups 1 to 4, respectively. They are highly correlated with the AHs calculated by the formula established in the original group (group 4), with R at 0.84, 0.67 and 0.69 in groups 1 to 3, respectively. When the actual AHs and the AHs predicted by the Bayley and Pinneau method are compared, the R is 0.76, 0.51 and 0.64 in groups 1 to 3, respectively. The absolute differences between actual AHs and the calculated AHs are greater than 1 SD (5.6 cm) in 15%, 35% and 28% of the patients in groups 1 to 3, respectively. Conclusion This study validates and updates the previously established formula for predicting AH in girls with CPP. This updated formula can help clinicians to make treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lemaire
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, G-SCOP, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Dick Mul
- Diabeter, centre for pediatric and adolescent diabetes care and research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Heger
- Children’s Hospital Bult, Janusz-Korczak-Allee Hannover, Germany
| | - Wilma Oostdijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raja Brauner
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. The concept that the positive feedback effect of ovarian estradiol (E2) results in GnRH and gonadotropin surges is a well-established principle. However, a series of studies investigating the rapid action of E2 in female rhesus monkeys has led to a new concept that neuroestradiol, synthesized and released in the hypothalamus, also contributes to regulation of the preovulatory GnRH surge. This unexpected finding started from our surprising observation that E2 induces rapid stimulatory action in GnRH neurons in vitro. Subsequently, we confirmed that a similar rapid stimulatory action of E2 occurs in vivo. Unlike subcutaneous injection of E2 benzoate (EB), a brief (10-20 min), direct infusion of EB into the median eminence in ovariectomized (OVX) female monkeys rapidly stimulates release of GnRH and E2 in a pulsatile manner, and the EB-induced GnRH and E2 release is blocked by simultaneous infusion of the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole. This suggests that stimulated release of E2 is of hypothalamic origin. To further determine the role of neuroestradiol we examined the effects of letrozole on EB-induced GnRH and LH surges in OVX females. Results indicate that letrozole treatment greatly attenuated the EB-induced GnRH and LH surges. Collectively, neuroestradiol released from the hypothalamus appears to be necessary for the positive feedback effect of E2 on the GnRH/LH surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Terasawa
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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Bauman WA, La Fountaine MF, Cirnigliaro CM, Kirshblum SC, Spungen AM. Administration of increasing doses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in men with spinal cord injury to investigate dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Spinal Cord 2018; 56:247-258. [PMID: 29142294 PMCID: PMC5839914 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-017-0002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective. OBJECTIVES To determine the optimum gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) dose to identify dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING Metropolitan Area Hospitals, New York and New Jersey, USA. METHODS SCI men (16 hypogonadal (HG = serum testosterone <12.1 nmol/l) and 14 eugonadal (EG)) and able-bodied (AB) men (27 HG and 11 EG) were studied. GnRH (10, 50, and 100 μg) was randomly administered intravenously on three separate visits. Blood samples were collected post-GnRH for serum-luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH). RESULTS HG and EG men had a similar proportion of clinically acceptable gonadotropin responses to all three GnRH doses. The incremental gonadotropin responses to GnRH were not significantly different across the groups. However, in the SCI-HG group, GnRH of 100 μg resulted in the greatest integrated FSH response, and in the SCI-EG group, GnRH of 50 μg resulted in the greatest integrated LH response compared with the AB groups. A consistent, but not significant, absolute increase in gonadotropin release was observed in the SCI groups at all GnRH doses. CONCLUSIONS Lower doses of GnRH did not improve the ability to identify the clinical dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, the absolutely higher SCI-HG FSH response to GnRH of 100 μg and a higher SCI-EG LH response to GnRH of 50 μg, along with a higher gonadotropin release at all GnRH doses, albeit not significant, suggests a hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in persons with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Bauman
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National, Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michael F La Fountaine
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National, Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher M Cirnigliaro
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National, Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Steven C Kirshblum
- Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, West Orange, NJ, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ann M Spungen
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National, Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Grandone A, Cirillo G, Sasso M, Capristo C, Tornese G, Marzuillo P, Luongo C, Rosaria Umano G, Festa A, Coppola R, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Perrone L. MKRN3 levels in girls with central precocious puberty and correlation with sexual hormone levels: a pilot study. Endocrine 2018; 59:203-208. [PMID: 28299573 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, mutations of makorin RING-finger protein 3 (MKRN3) have been described in familial central precocious puberty. Serum levels of this protein decline before the pubertal onset in healthy girls and boys. The aim of the study is to investigate MKRN3 circulating levels in patients with central precocious puberty. METHODS We performed an observational cross-sectional study. We enrolled 17 patients with central precocious puberty aged 7 years (range: 2-8 years) and breast development onset <8 years; 17 prepubertal control age-matched patients aged 6.3 years (2-8.2); and 10 pubertal stage-matched control patients aged 11.4 years (9-14). Serum values of MKRN3, gonadotropins, (17)estradiol and Anti-Müllerian Hormone were evaluated and the MKRN3 genotyped in central precocious puberty patients. RESULTS No MKRN3 mutation was found among central precocious puberty patients. MKRN3 levels were lower in patients with central precocious puberty compared to prepubertal age-matched ones (p: 0.0004) and comparable to those matched for pubertal stage. MKRN3 levels were inversely correlated to Body Mass Index Standard Deviations (r:-0.35; p:0.02), Luteinizing Hormone (r:-0.35; p:0.03), FSH (r:-0.37; p:0.02), and (17)estradiol (r: -0.36; p:0.02). CONCLUSIONS We showed that girls with central precocious puberty had lower peripheral levels of MKRN3 compared to age-matched pairs and that they negatively correlated to gonadotropins, estrogen, and BMI. Our findings support the MKRN3 involvement in central precocious puberty also in absence of deleterious mutations, although our sample size is small. In addition our data suggest the role of MKRN3 in the complex mechanism controlling puberty onset and its interaction with other factors affecting puberty such as nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grandone
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Cirillo
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Sasso
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Capristo
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Caterina Luongo
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Adalgisa Festa
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ruggero Coppola
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Perrone
- Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Wang B, Kong N, Liu JY, Zhang NY, Zhu YC, Zhou JJ. [Repeated superovulation induction after failure in previous IVF-ET cycles with the ultra-long protocol: Analysis of outcomes of clinical pregnancy]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2017; 23:1099-1102. [PMID: 29738181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical outcomes of repeated superovulation induction in patients with adenomyosis or moderate to severe pelvic endometriosis after failure in previous IVF-ET cycles with the ultra-long protocol. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 37 patients with adenomyosis or moderate to severe pelvic endometriosis in our center from 2009 to 2013, who underwent repeated IVF-ET after failure in the previous cycles with the ultra-long protocol, namely by injection of 2-6 ampoules of 3.75 mg gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a). All the patients met the following requirements: hCG-negative at 14 days after transfer, within 3-7 days after menstruation, and properly down-regulated serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (<10 mIU/ml), luteinizing hormone (LH) (<10 mIU/ml), estradiol (E2) (<30 pg/ml), follicle diameter (<10 mm) and endometrial thickness, and received GnRH (Gonal-F, Serono) for ovulation induction. We compared the clinical and laboratory data and pregnancy outcomes between the first and repeated cycles before and after ovulation induction. RESULTS The repeated cycles, as compared with previous ones, showed significant increases in the antral follicle count (AFC) on the first day of stimulation (7.55 ± 1.86 vs 6.45 ± 2.5, P<0.05), number of follicles =≥14 mm in diameter on the hCG trigger day (7.81 ± 3.6 vs 5.56 ± 3.68, P<0.05), level of E2 ([2 362.15 ± 1 210.49] vs [1 749.22 ± 1 139.44] pg/ml, P<0.05), and numbers of oocytes retrieved (7.51 ± 3.23 vs 4.78 ± 3.41, P<0.05) and embryos transferred (2.00 ± 0.33 vs 1.50 ± 0.67, P<0.05), exhibited a remarkably reduction in the dose of GnRH ([1 791.65 ± 1 889.41] vs [3 439.56 ± 1 836.53] IU, P<0.05), and achieved a clinical pregnancy rate of 62.16%. CONCLUSIONS With proper reduction of the FSH, LH and E2 levels and follicle diameter, repeated superovulation induction for IVF-ET can improve the ovarian response and pregnancy outcomes of the patients with adenomyosis or moderate to severe pelvic endometriosis after failure in the previous IVF-ET cycles with the ultra-long protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Na Kong
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jing-Yu Liu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Ying-Chun Zhu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
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Klein DA, Emerick JE, Sylvester JE, Vogt KS. Disorders of Puberty: An Approach to Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Physician 2017; 96:590-599. [PMID: 29094880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of puberty can profoundly impact physical and psychosocial well-being. Precocious puberty is pubertal onset before eight years of age in girls and before nine years of age in boys. Patients with early isolated pubertal changes, prepubertal linear growth, and no worrisome neurologic symptoms typically have a benign pattern of development and should be monitored in the appropriate clinical context. Among patients with true precocious puberty, or full activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, most girls have an idiopathic etiology, whereas it is commonly due to identifiable pathology on imaging in boys. History and physical examination should be followed by measurements of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone (boys) or estradiol (girls); thyroid function testing; and bone age radiography. Brain magnetic resonance imaging should be performed in girls younger than six years, all boys with precocious puberty, and children with neurologic symptoms. Delayed puberty is the absence of breast development in girls by 13 years of age and absence of testicular growth to at least 4 mL in volume or 2.5 cm in length in boys by 14 years of age. Constitutional delay of growth and puberty is a common cause of delayed puberty; however, functional or persistent hypogonadism should be excluded. History and physical examination should be followed by measurements of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone (boys) or estradiol (girls); and bone age radiography. Abnormal growth velocity necessitates assessment of serum thyroid function, prolactin, and insulinlike growth factor I. Boys 14 years and older and girls 13 years and older may benefit from sex steroid treatment to jump-start puberty. Referral to a pediatric endocrinologist may be warranted after the initial evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Klein
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | - Jill E Emerick
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Karen S Vogt
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Guo YP, Li EZ, Zhang YJ, Wang AL. [Aerobic exercise improves spermatogenesis of male rats: Results of iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of the testis tissue]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2017; 23:776-781. [PMID: 29726656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the spermatogenic function of male rats and screen out differentially expressed proteins related to spermatonesis-regulation by proteomic analysis. METHODS We randomly divided 24 SD male rats into groups A (non-exercise control), B (exercise), and C (weight-bearing exercise), those in the latter two groups made to swim for 60 minutes a day and those in group C bearing a load 3% of the body weight, both 6 times a week for 9 weeks. At 24 hours after the last exercise, we obtained the sperm count, measured the levels of such serum reproductive hormones as testosterone (T), luteotrophic hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and employed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis of the testicular tissue. RESULTS Compared with group A, group C showed significant increases in sperm concentration ([2.12 ± 0.43] vs [3.54 ± 0.52] ×10⁶/ml, P <0.01) and the levels of serum LH ([35.99 ± 2.90] vs [38.96 ± 1.34] IU/L, P <0.01) and T ([19.99 ± 0.25] vs [21.36 ± 0.53] nmol/L, P <0.01), but no statistically significant differences in GnRH ([623.95 ± 41.44] vs [641.82 ± 42.78] ng/L, P >0.05) and FSH ([20.49 ± 2.44] vs [22.29 ± 2.31] IU/L, P >0.05). No significant changes were observed in sperm concentration or reproductive hormone levels in group B as compared with A. Group B exhibited obviously more mature sperm and cell layers in the seminiferous epithelium than group A. A total of 47 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which 37 were up-regulated and the other 10 down-regulated. In addition, another 5 significantly differentially expressed proteins closely related to reproductive function were identified, including up-regulated Anx A1, GPX3, Rimbp3, and Dpy19l2 and down-regulated CYP17. Enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, and focal adhesion pathways. CONCLUSIONS Proper-intensity exercise can improve the spermatogenic function of rats. Aerobic exercise promotes spermatogenesis mainly by up-regulating the expressions of the proteins related to the production and differentiation of spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Physical Education, Anyang Normal College, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - En-Zhong Li
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai College, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, China
| | - You-Jing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Fujian University of Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - An-Li Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100083, China
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Li JH, Jiang DP, Wang YF, Yan JJ, Guo QY, Miao X, Lang HY, Xu SL, Liu JY, Guo GZ. Influence of electromagnetic pulse on the offspring sex ratio of male BALB/c mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 54:155-161. [PMID: 28735146 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Public concern is growing about the exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) and its effect on male reproductive health. Detrimental effect of EMF exposure on sex hormones, reproductive performance and sex-ratio was reported. The present study was designed to clarify whether paternal exposure to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) affects offspring sex ratio in mice. 50 male BALB/c mice aged 5-6 weeks were exposed to EMP daily for 2 weeks before mated with non-exposed females at 0d, 7d, 14d, 21d and 28d after exposure. Sex hormones including total testosterone, LH, FSH, and GnRH were detected using radioimmunoassay. The sex ratio was examined by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results of D0, D21 and D28 showed significant increases compared with sham-exposed groups. The serum testosterone increased significantly in D0, D14, D21, and D28 compared with sham-exposed groups (p<0.05). Overall, this study suggested that EMP exposure may lead to the disturbance of reproductive hormone levels and affect the offspring sex ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Da-Peng Jiang
- Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100071,China
| | - Ya-Feng Wang
- Navy Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 101113, China
| | - Jia-Jia Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710077, China
| | - Qi-Yan Guo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xia Miao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Hai-Yang Lang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Sheng-Long Xu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jun-Ye Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Guo-Zhen Guo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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Bang AK, Nordkap L, Almstrup K, Priskorn L, Petersen JH, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Andersson AM, Juul A, Jørgensen N. Dynamic GnRH and hCG testing: establishment of new diagnostic reference levels. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:379-391. [PMID: 28077499 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation tests may be used to evaluate the pituitary and testicular capacity. Our aim was to evaluate changes in follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone after GnRH and hCG stimulation in healthy men and assess the impact of six single nucleotide polymorphisms on the responses. DESIGN GnRH and hCG stimulation tests were performed on 77 healthy men, 18-40 years (reference group) at a specialized andrology referral center at a university hospital. The potential influence of the tests was illustrated by results from 45 patients suspected of disordered hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. METHODS Baseline, stimulated, relative and absolute changes in serum FSH and LH were determined by ultrasensitive TRIFMA, and testosterone was determined by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS For the reference group, LH and FSH increased almost 400% and 40% during GnRH testing, stimulated levels varied from 4.4 to 58.8 U/L and 0.2 to 11.8 U/L and FSH decreased in nine men. Testosterone increased approximately 110% (range: 18.7-67.6 nmol/L) during hCG testing. None of the polymorphisms had any major impact on the test results. Results from GnRH and hCG tests in patients compared with the reference group showed that the stimulated level and absolute increase in LH showed superior identification of patients compared with the relative increase, and the absolute change in testosterone was superior in identifying men with Leydig cell insufficiency, compared with the relative increase. CONCLUSIONS We provide novel reference ranges for GnRH and hCG test in healthy men, which allows future diagnostic evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal disorders in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kirstine Bang
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Loa Nordkap
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Holm Petersen
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and ReproductionRigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC)Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) occurs in 4-8% of women worldwide. The prevalence of PCOS in Indian adolescents is 12.2% according to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The National Institute of Health has documented that it affects approximately 5 million women of reproductive age in the United States. Hormonal imbalance is the characteristic of many women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The influence of various endocrine changes in PCOS women and their relevance to bone remains to be documented. Hormones, which include gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), insulin, the leutinizing/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio, androgens, estrogens, growth hormones (GH), cortisol, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin are disturbed in PCOS women. These hormones influence bone metabolism in human subjects directly as well as indirectly. The imbalance in these hormones results in increased prevalence of osteoporosis in PCOS women. Limited evidence suggests that the drugs taken during the treatment of PCOS increase the risk of bone fracture in PCOS patients through endocrine disruption. This review is aimed at the identification of the relationship between bone mineral density and hormonal changes in PCOS subjects and identifies potential areas to study bone-related disorders in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhaya Krishnan
- Department of BiochemistryKarpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sridhar Muthusami
- Department of BiochemistryKarpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lippincott MF, Chan YM, Delaney A, Rivera-Morales D, Butler JP, Seminara SB. Kisspeptin Responsiveness Signals Emergence of Reproductive Endocrine Activity: Implications for Human Puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3061-9. [PMID: 27214398 PMCID: PMC4971332 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Some patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) undergo spontaneous activation of their hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis resulting in normalization of steroidogenesis and/or gametogenesis, a phenomenon termed reversal. OBJECTIVE To assess the responsiveness of the GnRH neuronal network to exogenous kisspeptin administration in IHH patients who have undergone reversal. PARTICIPANTS Six men with congenital IHH and evidence for reversal. INTERVENTION Subjects underwent q10 min blood sampling to measure GnRH-induced LH secretion at baseline and in response to iv boluses of kisspeptin (0.24-2.4 nmol/kg) and GnRH (75 ng/kg). RESULTS Individuals with sustained reversal of their hypogonadotropism (spontaneous LH pulses) responded to exogenous kisspeptin with a GnRH-induced LH pulse. Individuals who had reversal but then subsequently suffered relapse of their IHH (loss of spontaneous LH pulsatility) did not respond to kisspeptin. CONCLUSIONS The ability of kisspeptin to stimulate a GnRH-induced LH pulse correlates with the presence of endogenous LH pulses. These data suggest that reversal of hypogonadotropism, and by extension sexual maturation, may be due to the acquisition of kisspeptin responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret F Lippincott
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit (M.F.L., Y.-M.C., D.R.-M., S.B.S.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Division of Endocrinology (Y.-M.C.), Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine (J.P.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Unit on Genetics of Puberty and Reproduction (A.D.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yee-Ming Chan
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit (M.F.L., Y.-M.C., D.R.-M., S.B.S.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Division of Endocrinology (Y.-M.C.), Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine (J.P.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Unit on Genetics of Puberty and Reproduction (A.D.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Angela Delaney
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit (M.F.L., Y.-M.C., D.R.-M., S.B.S.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Division of Endocrinology (Y.-M.C.), Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine (J.P.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Unit on Genetics of Puberty and Reproduction (A.D.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Dianali Rivera-Morales
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit (M.F.L., Y.-M.C., D.R.-M., S.B.S.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Division of Endocrinology (Y.-M.C.), Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine (J.P.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Unit on Genetics of Puberty and Reproduction (A.D.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - James P Butler
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit (M.F.L., Y.-M.C., D.R.-M., S.B.S.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Division of Endocrinology (Y.-M.C.), Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine (J.P.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Unit on Genetics of Puberty and Reproduction (A.D.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Stephanie B Seminara
- Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit (M.F.L., Y.-M.C., D.R.-M., S.B.S.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Division of Endocrinology (Y.-M.C.), Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine (J.P.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Unit on Genetics of Puberty and Reproduction (A.D.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Feldman Witchel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
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Morelli A, Vignozzi L, Maggi M. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome: insights from the high-fat diet experimental rabbit animal model. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2016; 41:240-249. [PMID: 27050381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is complex and involves the interplay between environmental, lifestyle and genetic determinants. MetS in men can be associated with a biochemical pattern of partial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). A similar pattern has been noted in both men and women with a variety of acute illnesses and chronic diseases, and there is ongoing debate regarding whether this phenomenon might adaptive (e.g. diverting resources from reproduction into survival), or maladaptive (e.g. anemia, sarcopenia, osteopenia and fatigue of androgen-deficiency amplify and widen the adverse consequences of the original disease-trigger). In women with hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA-HH secondary to chronic bioenergetic deficit from dietary restriction and/or intensive exercise), a genetic link to congenital HH (CHH) was recently established; women carrying monoallelic CHH gene mutations will typically not develop CHH, but are significantly more susceptible to HA. However, the male reproductive axis seems to be more resistant to similar environmental insults. In contrast, MetS-associated HH (mHH) is specifically a male phenomenon; the reproductive phenotype of females with MetS tending instead towards hyperandrogenism, rather than hypogonadism. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms responsible for mHH have not been clearly identified and, as yet, there has been no investigation of a potential role for CHH mutation carriage in its etiology. Over the decades, the use of either genetic- or diet-induced obesity and/or MetS animal models has greatly helped to illuminate the complex etiology of metabolic dysregulation, but the strong relationship between obesity/MetS and mHH in males has been largely neglected, with little or no information about the regulation of reproductive function by metabolic factors under conditions of bioenergetic excess. However, the pathogenic link between MetS and HH in males has been recently investigated in an animal model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS, which perfectly recapitulates the human phenotype. Interesting insights derived by these studies have added novel information about the causative role played by hypothalamic alterations driven by metabolic disturbances in mHH. In particular, it appears that HFD-induced inflammatory injury at the hypothalamic level negatively affects GnRH neuron content, with the reduction of circulating gonadotropins and sex hormones being related to MetS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Gresham R, Li S, Adekunbi DA, Hu M, Li XF, O'Byrne KT. Kisspeptin in the medial amygdala and sexual behavior in male rats. Neurosci Lett 2016; 627:13-7. [PMID: 27233219 PMCID: PMC4944646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The medial amygdala (MeA) is crucial for sexual behavior; kisspeptin (Kiss1) also plays a role in sexual function. Kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r) knockout mice display no sexual behavior. Recently Kiss1 and Kiss1r have been discovered in the posterodorsal subnucleus of the medial amygdala (MePD). We hypothesised that Kiss1 in the MePD may have an influence on male sexual behavior. To test this we bilaterally cannulated the MePD and infused kisspeptin-10 in male rats. This caused the rats to have multiple erections, an effect specific to Kiss1 receptor activation, because Kiss1r antagonism blocked the erectile response. When Kiss1 was infused into the lateral cerebroventricle, there were no observed erections. We also measured the plasma levels of LH when Kiss1 is infused into the MePD or lateral cerebroventricle; Kiss1 increased plasma LH to comparable levels when infused into both sites. We conclude that Kiss1 has a role in male sexual behavior, which is specific to the MePD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gresham
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Shengyun Li
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Daniel A Adekunbi
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Minghan Hu
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Xiao Feng Li
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kevin T O'Byrne
- Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, SE1 1UL, UK.
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35
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Ferasyi TR, Barrett PHR, Blache D, Martin GB. Modeling the Male Reproductive Endocrine Axis: Potential Role for a Delay Mechanism in the Inhibitory Action of Gonadal Steroids on GnRH Pulse Frequency. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2080-92. [PMID: 26910309 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We developed a compartmental model so we could test mechanistic concepts in the control of the male reproductive endocrine axis. Using SAAM II computer software and a bank of experimental data from male sheep, we began by modeling GnRH-LH feed-forward and LH-T feedback. A key assumption was that the primary control signal comes from a hypothetical neural network (the PULSAR) that emits a digital (pulsatile) signal of variable frequency that drives GnRH secretion in square wave-like pulses. This model produced endocrine profiles that matched experimental observations for the testis-intact animal and for changes in GnRH pulse frequency after castration and T replacement. In the second stage of the model development, we introduced a delay in the negative feedback caused by the aromatization of T to estradiol at the brain level, a concept supported by empirical observations. The simulations showed how changes in the process of aromatization could affect the response of the pulsatile signal to inhibition by steroid feedback. The sensitivity of the PULSAR to estradiol was a critical factor, but the most striking observation was the effect of time delays. With longer delays, there was a reduction in the rate of aromatization and therefore a decrease in local estradiol concentrations, and the outcome was multiple-pulse events in the secretion of GnRH/LH, reflecting experimental observations. In conclusion, our model successfully emulates the GnRH-LH-T-GnRH loop, accommodates a pivotal role for central aromatization in negative feedback, and suggests that time delays in negative feedback are an important aspect of the control of GnRH pulse frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teuku R Ferasyi
- University of Western Australia Institute of Agriculture and School of Animal Biology (T.R.F., D.B., G.B.M.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology (P.H.R.B.), and Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - P Hugh R Barrett
- University of Western Australia Institute of Agriculture and School of Animal Biology (T.R.F., D.B., G.B.M.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology (P.H.R.B.), and Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Dominique Blache
- University of Western Australia Institute of Agriculture and School of Animal Biology (T.R.F., D.B., G.B.M.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology (P.H.R.B.), and Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Graeme B Martin
- University of Western Australia Institute of Agriculture and School of Animal Biology (T.R.F., D.B., G.B.M.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology (P.H.R.B.), and Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
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36
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Abstract
In primates, despite the fact that GnRH neurons are mature at birth, a gonadal steroid independent central inhibition restrains the initiation of puberty. The neural substrates responsible for this central inhibition, however, are unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that neuroestradiol release in the hypothalamus decreases prior to the pubertal increase in GnRH release. We found that in female monkeys at the prepubertal stage, when GnRH release was low, estradiol (E2) levels in the stalk-median eminence of the hypothalamus were higher than those in older, early pubertal females in which nocturnal GnRH release begins to increase. Furthermore, estrone (E1) levels were higher in the stalk-median eminence of prepubertal and early pubertal monkeys compared with midpubertal monkeys, which have the highest GnRH release. The elevated E2 and E1 levels at the prepubertal stage are likely hypothalamic in origin because circulating E2 and E1 levels in prepubertal and early pubertal monkeys were much lower than those in midpubertal monkeys. Heightened synthesis and release of neuroestradiol during the prepubertal period and subsequent reduction at puberty onset indicate possible roles for neuroestradiol in central inhibition of GnRH release. The mechanism governing the reduction in neuroestradiol synthesis at puberty onset remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Kenealy
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (B.P.K., K.L.K., A.K., E.T.) and Department of Pediatrics (E.T.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Kim L Keen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (B.P.K., K.L.K., A.K., E.T.) and Department of Pediatrics (E.T.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Amita Kapoor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (B.P.K., K.L.K., A.K., E.T.) and Department of Pediatrics (E.T.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Ei Terasawa
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (B.P.K., K.L.K., A.K., E.T.) and Department of Pediatrics (E.T.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
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37
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Abstract
In mammals, lactation suppresses GnRH/LH secretion resulting in transient infertility. In rats, GnRH/LH secretion is rescued within 18-48 h after pup separation (PS) and rapidly re-suppressed by subsequent re-exposure of pups. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying these rapid modulations, changes in the expression of kisspeptin, a stimulator of GnRH secretion, in several lactating conditions (normal-lactating; 4-h PS; 18-h PS; 4-h PS +1-h re-exposure of pups; non-lactating) were examined using in situ hybridization. PS for 4 h or 18 h increased Kiss1 expressing neurons in both the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC), and subsequent exposure of pups re-suppressed Kiss1 in the AVPV. A change in Kiss1 expression was observed prior to the reported time of the change in GnRH/LH, indicating that the change in GnRH/LH results from changes in kisspeptin. We further examined the mechanisms underlying the rapid modulation of Kiss1. We first investigated the possible involvement of ascending sensory input during the suckling stimulus. Injection of the anterograde tracer to the subparafascicular parvocellular nucleus (SPFpc) in the midbrain, which relays the suckling stimulus, revealed direct neuronal connections between the SPFpc and kisspeptin neurons in both the AVPV and ARC. We also examined the possible involvement of prolactin (PRL). Administration of PRL for 1 h suppressed Kiss1 expression in the AVPV but not in the ARC. These results indicate that suckling stimulus rapidly modulates Kiss1 expression directly via neuronal connections and indirectly through serum PRL, resulting in modulation in GnRH/LH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Higo
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyGraduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Satoko Aikawa
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyGraduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Norio Iijima
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyGraduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyGraduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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38
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Abstract
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) besides pregnancy and syndrome of polycystic ovary is one of the most common causes of secondary amenorrhea. FHA results from the aberrations in pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, which in turn causes impairment of the gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone). FHA is a form of the defence of organism in situations where life functions are more important than reproductive function. FHA is reversible; it can be normalized after ceasing the stress situation. There are three types of FHA: weight loss related, stress-related, and exercise-related amenorrhea. The final consequences are complex hormonal changes manifested by profound hypoestrogenism. Additionally, these patients present mild hypercortisolemia, low serum insulin levels, low insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and low total triiodothyronine. Women health in this disorder is disturbed in several aspects including the skeletal system, cardiovascular system, and mental problems. Patients manifest a decrease in bone mass density, which is related to an increase in fracture risk. Therefore, osteopenia and osteoporosis are the main long-term complications of FHA. Cardiovascular complications include endothelial dysfunction and abnormal changes in the lipid profile. FHA patients present significantly higher depression and anxiety and also sexual problems compared to healthy subjects.
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Zhao MX, Zhou GY, Zhu JY, Gong B, Hou JX, Zhou T, Duan LJ, Ding Z, Cui LX, Ba Y. Fluoride Exposure, Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian Axis Hormones in Chinese Women. Biomed Environ Sci 2015; 28:696-700. [PMID: 26464260 DOI: 10.3967/bes2015.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of fluoride exposure on the functions of reproductive and endocrine systems have attracted widespread attention in academic circle nowadays. However, it is unclear whether the gene-environment interaction may modify the secretion and activity of hypothalamus-pituitary- ovarian (HPO) axis hormones. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the influence of fluoride exposure and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene polymorphism on reproductive hormones in Chinese women. A cross sectional study was conducted in seven villages of Henan Province, China during 2010-2011. A total of 679 women aged 18-48 years were recruited through cluster sampling and divided into three groups, i.e. endemic fluorosis group (EFG), defluoridation project group (DFPG), and control group (CG) based on the local fluoride concentration in drinking water. The serum levels of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) were determined respectively and the FSHR polymorphism was detected by real time PCR assay. The results provided the preliminary evidence indicating the gene-environment interaction on HPO axis hormones in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Guo Yu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jing Yuan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Biao Gong
- Department of Endemic Disease, Kaifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Jia Xiang Hou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Li Ju Duan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhong Ding
- Department of Endemic Disease, Kaifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Liu Xin Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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Abstract
Geoffrey Harris, while still a medical student at Cambridge, was the first researcher (1937) to provide experimental proof for the then tentative view that the anterior pituitary gland was controlled by the CNS. The elegant studies carried out by Harris in the 1940s and early 1950s, alone and in collaboration with John Green and Dora Jacobsohn, established that this control was mediated by a neurohumoral mechanism that involved the transport by hypophysial portal vessel blood of chemical substances from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland. The neurohumoral control of anterior pituitary secretion was proved by the isolation and characterisation of the 'chemical substances' (mainly neuropeptides) and the finding that these substances were released into hypophysial portal blood in a manner consistent with their physiological functions. The new discipline of neuroendocrinology - the way that the brain controls endocrine glands and vice versa - revolutionised the treatment of endocrine disorders such as growth and pubertal abnormalities, infertility and hormone-dependent tumours, and it underpins our understanding of the sexual differentiation of the brain and key aspects of behaviour and mental disorder. Neuroendocrine principles are illustrated in this Thematic Review by way of Harris' major interest: hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal control. Attention is focussed on the measurement of GnRH in hypophysial portal blood and the role played by the self-priming effect of GnRH in promoting the onset of puberty and enabling the oestrogen-induced surge or pulses of GnRH to trigger the ovulatory gonadotrophin surge in humans and other spontaneously ovulating mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Fink
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Genetics Lane, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Hernandez MI, Martinez-Aguayo A, Cavada G, Avila A, Iñiguez G, Mericq V. Leuprolide acetate-stimulated androgen response during female puberty. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:205-11. [PMID: 25491105 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A physiological increase in androgen levels occurs during adolescence. Measuring androgen concentrations is the best method to distinguish normal evolution processes from hyperandrogenic disorders. HYPOTHESIS The increase in circulating androgens during puberty is inversely associated with insulin sensitivity in normal weight girls. OBJECTIVE To assess circulating levels of ovarian androgens and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) at baseline and after GnRH analogue (GnRH-a) stimulation in normal pubertal girls across different Tanner stages. We also studied the association between this response and insulin sensitivity. DESIGN Prospective study of healthy girls (6-12 years) from the local community (n = 63). METHODS Tanner I (n = 23) subjects were assessed cross-sectionally, and Tanner II girls (n = 40) were evaluated every 6 months until they reached Tanner V. Early morning dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), AMH, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), androstenedione, glucose and insulin levels were measured. A GnRH-a test (500 μg/m(2) ; sc) and oral glucose intolerance test (OGTT) were performed. Differences throughout puberty were evaluated. RESULTS Basal and/or stimulated Testosterone DHEA-S and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) were inversely associated with insulin sensitivity (WIBSI) from the beginning of puberty, whereas androstenedione was directly associated with gonadotrophins. AMH was inversely associated with basal and stimulated gonadotrophins and directly with insulin area under the curve (AUC) only in the early stages of puberty. 17OHP and testosterone responsiveness increased significantly during puberty in all subjects, whereas testosterone levels changed less consistently. This pattern of ovarian-steroidogenic response was most evident during mid- and late puberty. Moreover, during late puberty only, basal 17OHP, testosterone and DHEA-S were positively associated with gonadotrophins. CONCLUSION In normal nonobese girls born appropriate for gestational age, androgen synthesis was associated with insulin sensitivity in early puberty and with LH only in late puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Hernandez
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Martinez-Aguayo
- Paediatrics Division, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Cavada
- Department of Public Health, University of Chile and University of los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Avila
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - German Iñiguez
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Veronica Mericq
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Yin W, Sun Z, Mendenhall JM, Walker DM, Riha PD, Bezner KS, Gore AC. Expression of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (vGluT2) on Large Dense-Core Vesicles within GnRH Neuroterminals of Aging Female Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129633. [PMID: 26053743 PMCID: PMC4459826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulsatile release of GnRH is crucial for normal reproductive physiology across the life cycle, a process that is regulated by hypothalamic neurotransmitters. GnRH terminals co-express the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2) as a marker of a glutamatergic phenotype. The current study sought to elucidate the relationship between glutamate and GnRH nerve terminals in the median eminence—the site of GnRH release into the portal capillary vasculature. We also determined whether this co-expression may change during reproductive senescence, and if steroid hormones, which affect responsiveness of GnRH neurons to glutamate, may alter the co-expression pattern. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized at young adult, middle-aged and old ages (~4, 11, and 22 months, respectively) and treated four weeks later with sequential vehicle + vehicle (VEH + VEH), estradiol + vehicle (E2 + VEH), or estradiol + progesterone (E2+P4). Rats were perfused 24 hours after the second hormone treatment. Confocal microscopy was used to determine colocalization of GnRH and vGluT2 immunofluorescence in the median eminence. Post-embedding immunogold labeling of GnRH and vGluT2, and a serial electron microscopy (EM) technique were used to determine the cellular interaction between GnRH terminals and glutamate signaling. Confocal analysis showed that GnRH and vGluT2 immunofluorescent puncta were extensively colocalized in the median eminence and that their density declined with age but was unaffected by short-term hormone treatment. EM results showed that vGluT2 immunoreactivity was extensively associated with large dense-core vesicles, suggesting a unique glutamatergic signaling pathway in GnRH terminals. Our results provide novel subcellular information about the intimate relationship between GnRH terminals and glutamate in the median eminence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Yin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zengrong Sun
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - John M. Mendenhall
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Deena M. Walker
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Penny D. Riha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kelsey S. Bezner
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrea C. Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hengevoss J, Piechotta M, Müller D, Hanft F, Parr MK, Schänzer W, Diel P. Combined effects of androgen anabolic steroids and physical activity on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 150:86-96. [PMID: 25797375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Analysing effects of pharmaceutical substances and training on feedback mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis may be helpful to quantify the benefit of strategies preventing loss of muscle mass, and in the fight against doping. In this study we analysed combined effects of anabolic steroids and training on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Therefore intact male Wistar rats were dose-dependently treated with metandienone, estradienedione and the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) S-1. In serum cortisol, testosterone, 17β-estradiol (E2), prolactin, inhibin B, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were determined. Six human volunteers were single treated with 1-androstenedione. In addition abusing and clean body builders were analysed. Serum concentrations of inhibin B, IGF-1, cortisol, prolactin, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), testosterone and LH were determined. In rats, administration of metandienone, estradienedione and S-1 resulted in an increase of muscle fiber diameter. Metandienone and estradienedione but not S-1 administration significantly decreases LH and inhibin B serum concentration. Administration of estradienedione resulted in an increase of E2 and S-1 in an increase of cortisol. Single administration of 1-androstenedione in humans decreased cortisol and inhibin B serum concentrations. LH was not affected. In abusing body builders a significantly decrease of LH, TSH and inhibin B and an increase of prolactin, IGF-1 and T4 was detected. In clean body builders only T4 and TSH were affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hengevoss
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Marion Piechotta
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Dennis Müller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Fabian Hanft
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
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Tanji N, Kikugawa T, Ochi T, Taguchi S, Sato H, Sato T, Sugahara T, Hamada H, Asai S, Matsumoto A. Circulating Cytokine Levels in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Effects of Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy and External-beam Radiotherapy. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:3379-3383. [PMID: 26026098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to better characterize the temporal induction of inflammatory cytokines in the serum of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with radiotherapy and to ascertain the influence of hormonal therapy upon those expressions. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between May 2007 and December 2009, 30 patients with localized PCa were treated with 3-dimensional conformal external-beam radiotherapy. Fifteen patients had received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy using a leuteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analog for six months prior to radiotherapy. The cytokine levels were collectively measured using a multiplex assay system. RESULTS Seventeen cytokines were at detectable levels throughout the blood sampling times before and during radiotherapy. Hormonal therapy for six months significantly decreased the serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) significantly increased during radiotherapy. Most cytokine levels, except for eotaxin, G-CSF, growth-related oncogene (GRO), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ)-1 and TGFβ2, significantly increased during radiotherapy compared to the levels observed before radiotherapy. CONCLUSION The present study revealed the influence of hormonal, and of radiation therapy on the proinflammatory cytokine levels in the sera of patients with PCa. In addition, neoadjuvant hormonal therapy amplified the radiation-induced alteration of serum cytokines. Further studies to characterize the mechanism underlying a radiation- or hormone-induced inflammatory state are, therefore, necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Tanji
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Kikugawa
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takashi Ochi
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Senzo Taguchi
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hideki Sato
- Department of Urology, Ohzu City Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Urology, Ohzu City Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugahara
- Department of Urology, Ehime Prefectural Imabari Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hamada
- Department of Urology, Ehime Prefectural Imabari Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Seiji Asai
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Witek B, El Wakil A, Nord C, Ahlgren U, Eriksson M, Vernersson-Lindahl E, Helland Å, Alexeyev OA, Hallberg B, Palmer RH. Targeted Disruption of ALK Reveals a Potential Role in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123542. [PMID: 25955180 PMCID: PMC4425494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking ALK activity have previously been reported to exhibit subtle behavioral phenotypes. In this study of ALK of loss of function mice we present data supporting a role for ALK in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in male mice. We observed lower level of serum testosterone at P40 in ALK knock-out males, accompanied by mild disorganization of seminiferous tubules exhibiting decreased numbers of GATA4 expressing cells. These observations highlight a role for ALK in testis function and are further supported by experiments in which chemical inhibition of ALK activity with the ALK TKI crizotinib was employed. Oral administration of crizotinib resulted in a decrease of serum testosterone levels in adult wild type male mice, which reverted to normal levels after cessation of treatment. Analysis of GnRH expression in neurons of the hypothalamus revealed a significant decrease in the number of GnRH positive neurons in ALK knock-out mice at P40 when compared with control littermates. Thus, ALK appears to be involved in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism by regulating the timing of pubertal onset and testis function at the upper levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Witek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Nord
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleg A. Alexeyev
- Institution for Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail: (RHP); (BH)
| | - Ruth H. Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail: (RHP); (BH)
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Shaw ND, Butler JP, Nemati S, Kangarloo T, Ghassemi M, Malhotra A, Hall JE. Accumulated deep sleep is a powerful predictor of LH pulse onset in pubertal children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:1062-70. [PMID: 25490277 PMCID: PMC4333042 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT During puberty, reactivation of the reproductive axis occurs during sleep, with LH pulses specifically tied to deep sleep. This association suggests that deep sleep may stimulate LH secretion, but there have been no interventional studies to determine the characteristics of deep sleep required for LH pulse initiation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effect of deep sleep fragmentation on LH secretion in pubertal children. DESIGN AND SETTING Studies were performed in a clinical research center. SUBJECTS Fourteen healthy pubertal children (11.3-14.1 y) participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS Subjects were randomized to two overnight studies with polysomnography and frequent blood sampling, with or without deep sleep disruption via auditory stimuli. RESULTS An average of 68.1 ±10.7 (± SE) auditory stimuli were delivered to interrupt deep sleep during the disruption night, limiting deep sleep to only brief episodes (average length disrupted 1.3 ± 0.2 min vs normal 7.1 ± 0.8 min, P < .001), and increasing the number of transitions between non-rapid eye movement (NREM), REM, and wake (disrupted 274.5 ± 33.4 vs normal 131.2 ± 8.1, P = .001). There were no differences in mean LH (normal: 3.2 ± 0.4 vs disrupted: 3.2 ± 0.5 IU/L), LH pulse frequency (0.6 ± 0.06 vs 0.6 ± 0.07 pulses/h), or LH pulse amplitude (2.8 ± 0.4 vs 2.8 ± 0.4 IU/L) between the two nights. Poisson process modeling demonstrated that the accumulation of deep sleep in the 20 minutes before an LH pulse, whether consolidated or fragmented, was a significant predictor of LH pulse onset (P < .001). CONCLUSION In pubertal children, nocturnal LH augmentation and pulse patterning are resistant to deep sleep fragmentation. These data suggest that, even when fragmented, deep sleep is strongly related to activation of the GnRH pulse generator.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Shaw
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit (N.D.S., T.K., J.E.H.), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Division of Endocrinology (N.D.S.), Children's Hospital Boston, Division of Sleep Medicine (N.D.S., J.E.H.), Harvard Medical School, and Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders (J.P.B.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (S.N.), Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.G.), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037
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Check JH, Wilson C, Levine K, Cohen R, Corley D. Improved implantation and live delivered pregnancy rates following transfer of embryos derived from donor oocytes by single injection of leuprolide in mid-luteal phase. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2015; 42:429-430. [PMID: 26411205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if the use of a single injection of one-mg leuprolide acetate in mid-luteal phase can increase pregnancy rates in donor oocyte recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective study where couples were made aware of a study using the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) triptorelin that in the mid-luteal phase found improved pregnancy rates following embryo transfer in donor oocyte recipients. They were given the option of a single one-mg injection of the GnRHa leuprolide acetate. Pregnancy outcome was compared according to whether leuprolide was given or not. Also compared were the average first serum beta-hCG level in those who conceived according to taking leuprolide or not. RESULTS Chi-square analysis showed a significantly higher clinical and live delivered pregnancy rate (63.9% and 52.8%) in those supplementing with leuprolide than those who did not (39.5% and 32.9%). Similarly implantation rates were significantly higher (44.2% vs. 25.2%). The average first serum beta-hCG level for those conceiving and taking leuprolide was 294 mIU/mL vs. 325 mIU/mL for those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Similar to triptorelin the mid-luteal injection of leuprolide acetate improves pregnancy outcome in donor oocyte recipients.
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Meczekalski B, Katulski K, Czyzyk A, Podfigurna-Stopa A, Maciejewska-Jeske M. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and its influence on women's health. J Endocrinol Invest 2014; 37:1049-56. [PMID: 25201001 PMCID: PMC4207953 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is one of the most common causes of secondary amenorrhea. There are three types of FHA: weight loss-related, stress-related, and exercise-related amenorrhea. FHA results from the aberrations in pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, which in turn causes impairment of the gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone). The final consequences are complex hormonal changes manifested by profound hypoestrogenism. Additionally, these patients present mild hypercortisolemia, low serum insulin levels, low insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and low total triiodothyronine. AIM The aim of this work is to review the available data concerning the effects of FHA on different aspects of women's health. RESULTS Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is related to profound impairment of reproductive functions including anovulation and infertility. Women's health in this disorder is disturbed in several aspects including the skeletal system, cardiovascular system, and mental problems. Patients manifest a decrease in bone mass density, which is related to an increase in fracture risk. Therefore, osteopenia and osteoporosis are the main long-term complications of FHA. Cardiovascular complications include endothelial dysfunction and abnormal changes in the lipid profile. FHA patients present significantly higher depression and anxiety and also sexual problems compared to healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS FHA patients should be carefully diagnosed and properly managed to prevent both short- and long-term medical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Meczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,
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Villavicencio CP, Blas J, Goymann W. The number of life-history stages does not influence the androgen responsiveness to male-male interactions: sedentary and migratory black redstarts (Phoenicurus ochruros) do not elevate testosterone in response to simulated territorial intrusions. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 205:159-65. [PMID: 24792820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High plasma levels of testosterone at the beginning of the breeding season adjust male physiology for mating and promote territorial behavior in birds. Conversely intra-sexual competition may elicit a temporary increase in circulating testosterone. Male black redstarts (Phoenicurus ochruros) from migratory populations show the expected increase in baseline testosterone during early breeding, but circulating testosterone levels do not change in response to male-male interactions. Because sedentary populations express fewer life-history stages they may be more flexible in timing of life-history stages and more responsive to environmental modulation of hormone concentrations. Therefore, we tested whether the androgen responsiveness to male-male interactions differs between migratory (6 life-history stages) and sedentary black redstarts (3 life-history stages) during early breeding, predicting that in contrast to migratory birds, sedentary birds would modulate testosterone in response to simulated territorial intrusions (STI). In contrast to our prediction, sedentary males did not modulate post-capture testosterone levels in response to simulated territorial intrusions. Males of both populations increased testosterone after an injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), demonstrating that they were capable of increasing testosterone. Interestingly, in sedentary males the GnRH injection elicited a higher testosterone response in STI males than in control males. The two populations did not differ in their behavioral response to the STIs, except that sedentary males spent less time close to the decoy. In combination with previous data from black redstarts and other socially monogamous and biparental birds our current study adds to the growing evidence that current theory regarding hormone-behavior relationship needs to be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Villavicencio
- Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Eberhard-Gwinner-Str. 6a, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany.
| | - J Blas
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, Avenida de Américo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - W Goymann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Eberhard-Gwinner-Str. 6a, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany
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