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Uddin MJ, Rahman MS, Sonia SS, Kubra SK, Mia MS, Yeasmine S. Annual gametogenic phenology of oyster, Magallana bilineata (Röding, 1798) collected from the west coast of Moheshkhali Island, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28753. [PMID: 38601577 PMCID: PMC11004762 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to describe the annual gametogenic phenology of the oyster Magallana bilineata (Röding, 1798) (=Crassostrea madrasensis), which is found on the west coast of Moheshkhali Island, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Samples were drawn monthly from the intertidal region during low tide, from which 20 adult individuals were selected at random for biometry and histology. The mean condition index (CI), a ratio of tissue wet weight (g) to shell length (cm), varied from 0.58 ± 0.08 to 1.32 ± 0.36. Histology revealed two spawning cycles in the habitat of M. bilineata over the 12 months of the study. Gametogenesis initiated in December and May, and ripe animals principally occurred from July to September and February to May. In the habitat, M.bilineata exhibited two spawning peak periods: April to June and August to October. The undifferentiated stage as a preparatory step for the next spawning extended from November to February for the first spawning cycle and for a brief period in June for the next spawning cycle. The initiation of spawning in March could be associated with the high-level decline of salinity and increased temperature between February and March, in association with the annual rainfall start, whereas the next spawning cycle could be associated with a gradual increase in salinity. No spawning activity was reported from December to February, when the water temperature remained below 22 °C. Further study could be undertaken on the timing of spatfall of M.bilineata in the habitat to harvest spats for commercial farming of this promising species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jasim Uddin
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shamsur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Saima Sultana Sonia
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Khadijatul Kubra
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sujon Mia
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Selina Yeasmine
- Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh, 2201, Bangladesh
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Masukume G, Grech V, Ryan M. Sporting tournaments and changed birth rates 9 months later: a systematic review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16993. [PMID: 38436006 PMCID: PMC10906258 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Major sporting tournaments may be associated with increased birth rates 9 months afterwards, possibly due to celebratory sex. The influence of major sporting tournaments on birth patterns remains to be fully explored. Methods Studies that examined the relationship between such events and altered birth metrics (number of births and/or birth sex ratio (male/total live births)) 9(±1) months later were sought in PubMed and Scopus and reported via standard guidelines. Database searches were conducted up to 7 November 2022. Results Five events led to increased birth metrics 9(±1) months later and these included the Super Bowl, the 2009 UEFA Champions League, the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the 2016 UEFA Euros and the 2019 Rugby World Cup. Several la Liga soccer matches also had effects. With a few exceptions, major American football, Association football (soccer) and Rugby apex tournaments in Africa, North America, Asia and Europe were associated with increases in the number of babies born and/or in the birth sex ratio 9(±1) months following notable team wins and/or hosting the tournament. Furthermore, unexpected losses by teams from a premier soccer league were associated with a decline in births 9 months on. Conclusions This systematic review establishes that major sporting tournaments have a notable impact on birth patterns, influencing both birth rates and sex ratios. Emotional intensification during these events likely triggers hormonal shifts, driving changes in sexual activity and subsequently shaping birth rates, often positively, about 9 months later. The context is crucial, especially when a region/country hosts a major single-sport tournament or participates for the first time, as population excitement is likely to be at its peak. These findings hold significance for healthcare planning and highlight the role of societal events in shaping demographic trends. PROSPERO registration CRD42022382971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwinyai Masukume
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victor Grech
- Academic Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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Patel K, Patel H, Gosavi S, Vachhrajani K, Trivedi J. Population structure and fecundity of the Xanthid crab Leptodius exaratus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) on the rocky shore of Gujarat state, India. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16916. [PMID: 38371378 PMCID: PMC10870924 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The population structure and breeding biology of the Xanthid crab, Leptodius exaratus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834), on the rocky intertidal region of Shivrajpur in Saurashtra coast, Gujarat state, were examined. Method From March 2021 to February 2022, monthly sampling was conducted during low tide using catch per unit effort in the 500 m2 area. The sampled specimens were categorised into male, non-ovigerous female or ovigerous female. In order to estimate fecundity, the morphology of the crab specimens (carapace width and body weight) as well as the size of eggs, number of eggs and weight of egg mass were recorded. Results A total of 1,215 individuals were sampled of which 558 individuals were males and 657 individuals were females. The size (carapace width) of males ranges from 5.15 to 29.98 mm, while females ranges from 5.26 to 28.63 mm which shows that the average size of male and female individuals did not differ significantly. The overall as well as monthly sex ratio was skewed towards males with a bimodal distribution while unimodal in females. The population breeds year-round, which was indicated by the occurrence of ovigerous females throughout the year. However, the maximum percentage occurrence of ovigerous females was observed from December to April which indicates the peak breeding season. The size of eggs, number of eggs and weight of egg mass were shown to positively correlate with the morphology of ovigerous females (carapace width and wet weight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupal Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Heris Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Swapnil Gosavi
- Department of Zoology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Kauresh Vachhrajani
- Department of Zoology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Jigneshkumar Trivedi
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
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Aykal MB, Gecin MN, Sogut I, Kar F, Taskin AC. Effects of Boric acid as Maternal Feed Additives on the Development and Sex Ratio of Mouse pups. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04099-3. [PMID: 38342845 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Boron is primarily used in industrial applications, with recent interest revolving around its effects on metabolism. In this study, we administered boric acid (BA), which has positive effects on reproduction, in conjunction with feed supplementation to serve as a model for experimental animal development and breeding. The pregnancy performance, offspring development, and biochemical effects of mice given feed supplemented with BA at concentrations of 0 (control group), 250, and 500 ppm (BA groups) were investigated. A total of 18 female Balb-C mice were utilized for pregnancy. The mice were given the BA-supplemented feed during a period encompassing three weeks of pregnancy and three weeks of lactation. The numbers and weights of offspring born in cages on days 19-21 were determined. Blood and tissue samples were collected from the offspring during the third week postnatal, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant and oxidant status (TAS, TOS, and OSI) levels were determined. A significant increase in female offspring was observed in the groups born to mice fed with BA compared to the control group. Positive development in organ weights was observed in the 250-ppm BA group. The 250-ppm group exhibited a significant increase in TAS compared to the control group, while TOS and MDA levels showed a decrease. Also, the levels of BA groups were found to decrease in both the OSI index serum and organ samples compared to the control group. Thus, the use of 250-ppm BA demonstrated positive effects on female offspring production, organ development, and antioxidant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Aykal
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - M N Gecin
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - I Sogut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - F Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Türkiye
| | - A C Taskin
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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Nogueira D, Fatemi HM, Lawrenz B, Elkhatib I, Abdala A, Bayram A, Melado L. Primary sex ratio in euploid embryos of consanguine couples after IVF/ICSI. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024:10.1007/s10815-024-03044-6. [PMID: 38315419 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the primary sex ratio (males-to-females at time of conception) in blastocysts from consanguine couples undergoing IVF/ICSI treatments and its correlation with chromosomal constitution. METHOD A total of 5135 blastocysts were analyzed by preimplantation-genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) with next-generation sequencing (NGS) from November 2016 to December 2020. From those, a total of 1138 blastocysts were from consanguine couples (CS) and 3997 from non-consanguine couples (NCS). Only blastocysts presenting normal sex chromosome constitution with or without autosomal aneuploidies were included. Primary sex ratio (PSR) of biopsied blastocysts was compared between CS and NCS couples. RESULTS Expanded blastocysts derived from CS had 47.7% XY versus 52.3% XX constitutions, presenting a PSR of 0.91. In NCS, 48.9% of expanded blastocysts were XY and 51.2% XX, with a less pronounced PSR of 0.95. When stratifying embryos by ploidy, euploid embryos from CS had the lowest PSR (0.87) with 46.6% XY versus 53.4% XX blastocysts (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.70-1.14; NS), but it did not achieve statistical significance. The lower PSR seemed rather related to euploid embryos from first-degree cousins (PSR = 0.80 versus 0.98 in second-degree cousins, NS). Euploid embryos from NCS presented a PSR of 0.96, with 49.1% XY versus 50.9% XX blastocysts (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.79-1.22; NS). Significant differences in prevalence of euploidy of specific chromosomes were encountered between CS and NCS. CONCLUSIONS The primary sex ratio was generally similar in expanded blastocysts from consanguine and non-consanguine couples, with a slight decrease in primary sex ratio of euploid blastocysts from consanguine couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Nogueira
- ART Fertility Clinics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- INOVIE Fertilité, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Abdala
- ART Fertility Clinics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aşina Bayram
- ART Fertility Clinics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laura Melado
- ART Fertility Clinics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Delezene LK, Scott JE, Irish JD, Villaseñor A, Skinner MM, Hawks J, Berger LR. Sex-biased sampling may influence Homo naledi tooth size variation. J Hum Evol 2024; 187:103490. [PMID: 38266614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
A frequent source of debate in paleoanthropology concerns the taxonomic unity of fossil assemblages, with many hominin samples exhibiting elevated levels of variation that can be interpreted as indicating the presence of multiple species. By contrast, the large assemblage of hominin fossils from the Rising Star cave system, assigned to Homo naledi, exhibits a remarkably low degree of variation for most skeletal elements. Many factors can contribute to low sample variation, including genetic drift, strong natural selection, biased sex ratios, and sampling of closely related individuals. In this study, we tested for potential sex-biased sampling in the Rising Star dental sample. We compared coefficients of variation for the H. naledi teeth to those for eight extant hominoid samples. We used a resampling procedure that generated samples from the extant taxa that matched the sample size of the fossil sample for each possible Rising Star dental sex ratio. We found that variation at four H. naledi tooth positions-I2, M1, P4, M1-is so low that the possibility that one sex is represented by few or no individuals in the sample cannot be excluded. Additional evidence is needed to corroborate this inference, such as ancient DNA or enamel proteome data, and our study design does not address other potential factors that would account for low sample variation. Nevertheless, our results highlight the importance of considering the taphonomic history of a hominin assemblage and suggest that sex-biased sampling is a plausible explanation for the low level of phenotypic variation found in some aspects of the current H. naledi assemblage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas K Delezene
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA; Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa.
| | - Jeremiah E Scott
- Department of Medical Anatomical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Joel D Irish
- Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa; School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Amelia Villaseñor
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Matthew M Skinner
- Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John Hawks
- Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa; Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Lee R Berger
- Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050, South Africa; National Geographic Society, 1145 17th Street NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA
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Krüger AP, Garcez AM, Scheunemann T, Bernardi D, Nava DE, Garcia FRM. Reproductive Biology of Trichopria anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a Biological Control Agent of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Neotrop Entomol 2024; 53:38-46. [PMID: 38032474 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Hymenopteran parasitoids, like any other insect, employ strategies to ensure their reproduction. Understanding these strategies is important for ecological purposes, but also to improve mass rearing of biological control agents. Here, we describe mating strategies used by the pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a potential biocontrol agent, that has been considered for augmentative releases for management of the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). We studied the emergence pattern of males and females of T. anastrephae and the effects of parental ae on offspring number and sex ratio. Polygamy was also studied and its effects on parasitism and offspring production were described. Adults from this species emerge in the first hours of photophase, and males emerge before females, demonstrating that T. anastrephae is a protandrous species. Parasitoid age when first mated influences the parasitism and sex ratio. Younger females result in a higher number of offspring (8.16 parasitoids/day), while older males result in a more female-biased sex ratio of offspring (64% females). Both males and females are polygamic, and the order in which a female is mated by the male affects parasitism, viability of parasitized pupae, and sex ratio of offspring, with the first female performing the highest parasitism and sex ratio (63.83 and 61% of females, respectively), but the lowest viability (92.92%). Females that are allowed to mate multiple times generate lower numbers of offspring (113.05 parasitoids) when compared to virgin or single-mated females (135.20 and 130.70 parasitoids, respectively), but the highest sex ratio (49% of females). Data present in this study and how it can be used to improve parasitoid rearing and field releases of T. anastrephae, in biological control programs for D. suzukii are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Krüger
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.
| | - Amanda M Garcez
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Scheunemann
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Dori E Nava
- Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio R M Garcia
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
- Ecology, Zoology and Genetics Department, UFPel, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
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Uhm SJ, Heo YT, Yu DM, Kim DK, Gupta MK. Pre-implantation development of cattle embryos produced from fresh bull semen enriched for X- chromosome-bearing spermatozoa using a monoclonal antibody. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2101-2109. [PMID: 37432602 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunological approaches are gaining attention as a convenient and economical method for sex-sorting mammalian spermatozoa. A monoclonal antibody (WholeMom™) has previously been reported to cause agglutination of Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa in frozen-thawed semen for gender preselection. However, its usefulness for gender preselection in fresh semen and subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF) after freeze-thawing has not been reported. This study investigated the in vitro development of cattle embryos produced from fresh bull semen pre-treated with WholeMom™ monoclonal antibody. Results showed that antibody-treated, non-agglutinated spermatozoa (presumably X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa) could fertilize cattle oocytes in vitro. However, embryos generated from non-agglutinated (enriched in X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa) had a lower (p < 0.05) ability to cleave (66.4 ± 2.5% vs. 75.1 ± 3.3%) than those of non-treated control sperm. Nevertheless, the percentage of blastocysts developed from cleaved embryos did not differ (p > 0.05) between the groups (34.8 ± 3.7% vs. 35.8 ± 3.4%). Duplex PCR of blastocysts, using a bovine-specific universal primer pair and a Y-chromosome-specific primer pair, showed a sex ratio of 95.8% females from sex-sorted spermatozoa, which was higher than those of non-treated control spermatozoa (46.4%). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that monoclonal antibody-based enrichment of X- chromosome-bearing spermatozoa can be applied to fresh bull semen without compromising their post-fertilization early embryonic development to the blastocyst stage. Future studies should investigate the term development and sex ratio of calves from antibody-treated spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Uhm
- Department of Animal Science, Sangji University, Wonju, 26339, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Tae Heo
- Department of Companion Animal, Catholic Sangji College, Andong, 36686, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Yu
- Hoengseong Chukhyeop, 337, Hoengseong-Ro, Hoengseong, 25235, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ku Kim
- Nuri Science Inc, Hanam TechnoValley U1 Center, Hanam-daero, Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do, D-1314947, 12982, Republic of Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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Bakkensen JB, Speedy S, Mumm M, Boots C. Sex ratio of offspring is not statistically altered following pre-implantation genetic testing under a specific sex selection policy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:1605-1610. [PMID: 37610634 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the use of pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT) under a specific sex selection policy is associated with alterations in offspring sex ratio. METHODS This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of singleton live births from January 2018-December 2020 achieved via single blastocyst non-PGT or PGT frozen embryo transfer (FET). Per institutional policy, sex may be disclosed following PGT. If both sexes are available and morphologic grade is similar, patients may select the sex of the embryo to be transferred. Demographics and cycle characteristics were compared between non-PGT vs. PGT cycles with Mann-Whitney U or χ2. Poisson regression with robust variance estimates was used to model the probability of female vs. male offspring among non-PGT vs. PGT cycles, reported as risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS(S) Among 541 live births, 350 (64.7%) were achieved with PGT and 191 (35.3%) without PGT. In both groups, female sex was more common, representing 59.4% of PGT-offspring and 55.0% of non-PGT offspring. After adjusting for potential confounders, the use of PGT was not significantly associated with an increased likelihood of female offspring (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.98-1.11, p = 0.22). CONCLUSION(S) Singletons born following FET had a higher rate of female sex than male. Allowing sex selection per institutional policy did not increase this ratio. These results contrast with those of prior publications and should motivate individual centers to monitor their own sex ratios. As utilization of PGT increases, local, regional, and national monitoring will become increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Bakkensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2310, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Sedona Speedy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret Mumm
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christina Boots
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2310, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Dorken ME. Causes and consequences of sex ratio variation in plants. A commentary on: 'Life history characteristics and historical factors are important to explain regional variation in reproductive traits and genetic diversity in perennial mosses'. Ann Bot 2023; 132:viii-x. [PMID: 37793136 PMCID: PMC10550265 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:
Irene Bisang, Johan Ehrlén, and Lars Hedenäs. Life-history characteristics and historical factors are important to explain regional variation in reproductive traits and genetic diversity in perennial mosses, Annals of Botany, Volume 132, Issue 1, 1 July 2023, Pages 29–42, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad045
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel E Dorken
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, K9L 0G2, Peterborough, Canada
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Reynolds TA, Maner JK, Frederick DA, Forney KJ, Garcia JR. A Slim Majority: The Influence of Sex Ratio on Women's Body Dissatisfaction and Weight Loss Motivations. Arch Sex Behav 2023; 52:3043-3062. [PMID: 37407892 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation examined whether women's perceptions of the sex ratio (ratio of women to men) in the local population influence their body dissatisfaction and weight loss motivations. A higher ratio of women to men in a given population signifies a relative abundance of same-sex mating competitors, intensifying female intrasexual competition. Five studies (N = 1,776) tested the hypotheses that women's perceptions of a female-skewed sex ratio would correspond to increased feelings of intrasexual competitiveness and perceptions of unfavorable mating prospects, which would, in turn, be associated with heightened body dissatisfaction and weight loss motivations. Among university and community women (Studies 1and 2), perceptions of a female-skewed sex ratio corresponded to greater intrasexual competitiveness, increased body dissatisfaction, and increased dieting inclinations. Among single women, assessments of a female-skewed sex ratio corresponded to perceptions of unfavorable mating prospects, increased romantic pressure to alter their appearance, and higher body dissatisfaction (Study 3). Studies 4 and 5 experimentally manipulated perceived sex ratio. Women in the female-skewed condition felt less satisfied with their weights and shapes, but only if they believed the manipulation (Study 4). In Study 5, using a within-subjects design, women who evaluated a male-skewed (vs. female-skewed) dating profile array subsequently desired to lose less weight. Findings suggest women's perceptions of their social environments may contribute to body image and dieting motivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, The University of New Mexico, 2001 Redondo S. Dr., Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Jon K Maner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - David A Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - K Jean Forney
- Psychology Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Justin R Garcia
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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12
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Farghaly MI, Ali TES, Mitwally HM, Abdel Razek FA. Reproductive studies on the carpet clam Paphia textile (Paratapes textilis) (Gmelin 1791) (Family: Veneridae): a guide of aquaculture management along the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea and Suez Canal. BMC ZOOL 2023; 8:18. [PMID: 37679830 PMCID: PMC10485947 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-023-00179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most aquatic biota's reproductive biology and life cycle are essential to the sustainable management and development of coastal ecosystems and aquaculture. The bivalve Paphia textile (Gmelin 1791), also known as Paratapes textilis, has an economic value in Indo-Pacific waters, including the Red Sea and the Suez Canal lakes, the Egyptian coasts. However, P. textile suffers from extensive fishing and exploitation. AIM The present work aims to study the Paphia textile's reproductive cycle on the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea for the first time. It helps to manage and develop the coastal ecosystems and aquaculture. METHODOLOGY Samples were collected monthly from two saline lakes in the Suez Gulf from December 2019 to November 2020. As part of the comprehensive research study, sex ratio, condition index, sexuality, histological analysis of gonads, shell size, and gonad index were used to investigate the reproductive cycle. RESULTS The results reveal a male-biased sex ratio, possibly due to anthropogenic stressors. The Paphia textile is dioecious. No hermaphrodite cases were observed in the studied specimens. The condition index in winter and spring indicates periods dominated by mature individuals. Five reproductive maturity stages were assigned for both P. textile males and females. Due to the simultaneous development of several developmental stages monthly throughout the sampling year, warm water may be responsible for non-sequential gametogenic cycles. As measured environmental parameters correlate with maturity stages, temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a play important role in gonad growth. The size at first sexual maturity at which 50% of the Paphia textile population reached maturity ranged from 28.60 to 31.50 mm for females, and between 31.70 and 34.10 mm for males. As the gonad index increases during the ripe stages, this index decreases during the resting, spawning, and spent phases. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the most suitable temperature for aquaculture spawning is between 20 °C and 30 °C in subtropical waters. Fishing should generally be prohibited at sizes less than 28.60 mm for better management and sustainability of this valuable aquatic resource on the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I Farghaly
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tamer El-Sayed Ali
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Mitwally
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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13
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Goldblum JE, McFayden TC, Bristol S, Putnam OC, Wylie A, Harrop C. Autism Prevalence and the Intersectionality of Assigned Sex at Birth, Race, and Ethnicity on Age of Diagnosis. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06104-5. [PMID: 37584770 PMCID: PMC10869641 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An official autism diagnosis is required to access timely intervention and is associated with better long-term wellbeing and mental health. Certain demographic characteristics, such as being female or a racially or ethnically minoritized youth, have been associated with significant diagnostic lag. However, it remains unclear how assigned sex, race, and ethnicity interact with each other in predicting the prevalence and age of autism diagnosis. METHODS To examine the interactions between assigned sex, race, and ethnicity, we used data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH; 2016 > 2021). RESULTS One in 38 children had an autism diagnosis and 3.8 males were diagnosed per 1 female. Hierarchical linear regressions yielded diagnostic delays in some females, particularly those who were non-Hispanic white, Black, and Asian. Ethnic and racial minority children had significantly earlier diagnoses than white and non-Hispanic children when not accounting for sex. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates slight increases in reported autism prevalence, a diagnostic lag in some autistic females that was strongly associated with ethnicity, and earlier diagnoses in racial and ethnic minority youth, a finding that may be explained by factors associated with phenotypic differences. This study has important implications for the diagnosis of minority autistic youth, particularly females and females who are non-Hispanic, who may experience a greater propensity for diagnostic delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Goldblum
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-327, USA.
| | - Tyler C McFayden
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Stephanie Bristol
- Division of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Orla C Putnam
- Division of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Amanda Wylie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-327, USA
| | - Clare Harrop
- Division of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- TEACCH Autism Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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14
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Xiao L, Huang LL, He HM, Xue FS, Tang JJ. Life history responses of the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus to temperature change. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103626. [PMID: 37364441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a key environmental factor in ectotherms and influences many life history traits. In the present study, the nymphal development time, sex ratio and wing dimorphism of the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus were examined under the conditions of constant temperatures, naturally varying temperatures (or different generations), and different temperatures combined with different photoperiod. The results showed that from 18 to 28 °C, the developmental time of nymphs was gradually shortened with the increase of temperature, whereas the high temperatures of 30 and 32 °C in the third to fifth instar nymphal stages and high summer temperature of 28.8 and 29.7 °C significantly delayed developmental time and resulted in higher mortality of nymphs. In all treatments, the developmental time was longer in females than males. The nymphs took significantly longer time to develop in the short daylength of 12 h than in longer daylengths of 13, 14, 15 and 16. Differences in developmental time were also found between wing morph, with long-winged individuals being significantly longer than the short-winged individuals at lower temperatures and significantly shorter than the short-winged individuals at higher temperatures. In all treatments, the sex ratio was stable, approaching 1:1, without being affected by temperature, generations and photoperiod. Photoperiod and temperature had significantly influence on the wing dimorphism. Long daylength combined with different temperatures resulted in significantly higher proportions of long-winged morph, whereas the low temperatures combined with the short daylengths in autumn and winter resulted in significantly high proportion of short-winged morph. This study broadens our understanding of the life-history traits of this planthopper and provides basic data for analyzing the effects of climate change on the planthopper reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- Foreign Language School, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Li-Li Huang
- College of Ecology and Environment, YuZhang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Min He
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Fang-Sen Xue
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Tang
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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15
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de Alba G, Cámara-Ruiz M, Esteban MÁ, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, López-Olmeda JF. Combined effects of rearing temperature regime (thermocycle vs. constant temperature) during early development and thermal treatment on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) sex differentiation. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103596. [PMID: 37327616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In nature, water temperature experiences daily variations known as thermocycles. Temperature is the main environmental factor that influences sex determination in most teleost fish. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of rearing temperature (thermocycle (TC) vs. constant (CTE)) on development and a posterior thermal shock throughout the period of sex differentiation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Embryos and larvae were kept under two temperature regimes: TC of 31 °C:25 °C day:night vs. CTE of 28 °C from 0 to 11 dpf. After this period, the larvae from each group were subjected to either heat treatment (HT, 36 °C for 12 days) or kept under the same rearing temperatures until 23 dpf (Control, C). Then all the groups remained at constant temperature until 270 dpf, when blood and gonads were collected. Larval samples were used to examine the expression of genes related to male (amh, ara, sox9a, dmrt1a) and female (cyp19a1a, foxl2, era) sexual differentiation. In juveniles, sex was characterized by histology, the gonadal expression of the genes involved in the sex steroid synthesis was analyzed by qPCR, and plasma testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) levels were analyzed by ELISA. In larvae, daily TCs increased the survival rate against HT and up-regulated the expression of ovarian differentiation genes. In juveniles, TC + C induced a higher proportion of females and higher cyp19a1a expression compared to CTE + C. HT induced changes in the CTE group by up-regulating testicular differentiation genes and down-regulating female promoting genes, which did not occur in the TC group. Juveniles from TC + C group presented a higher proportion of females with higher E2 and cyp19a1a than CTE + HT. Fish from the CTE + HT group showed a higher percentage of males with highest T and amh. These findings indicate that daily TCs during larval development promote ovarian differentiation and diminish the masculinizing effects of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo de Alba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Cámara-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Fernando López-Olmeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence ''Campus Mare Nostrum'', University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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16
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Xia XH, Liang N, Ma XY, Qin L, Wang SY, Chang ZJ. Inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway affects gonadal differentiation and leads to male bias in Paramisgurnus dabryanus. Theriogenology 2023; 207:82-95. [PMID: 37269599 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, sex-controlled breeding has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance the yields of economic animals with different growth characteristics, while increasing the economic benefits of aquaculture. It is known that the NF-κB pathway participates in gonadal differentiation and reproduction. Therefore, we used the large-scale loach as a research model for the present study and selected an effective inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway (QNZ). This, to investigates the impacts of the NF-κB signaling pathway on gonadal differentiation during a critical period of gonad development and after maturation. Simultaneously, the sex ratio bias and the reproductive capacities of adult fish were analyzed. Our results indicated that the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway influenced the expression of genes related to gonad development, regulated the gene expression related to the brain-gonad-liver axis of juvenile loaches, and finally impacted the gonadal differentiation of the large-scale loach and promoted a male-biased sex ratio. Meanwhile, high QNZ concentrations affected the reproductive abilities of adult loaches and inhibited the growth performance of offspring. Thus, our results deepened the exploration of sex control in fish and provided a certain research basis for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Ning Liang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Lu Qin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Song-Yun Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Zhong-Jie Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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17
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Bautista NM, Crespel A, Martinez-Bautista G, Burggren WW. Dietary crude oil exposure during sex differentiation skewed adult sex ratio towards males in the zebrafish. Sci Total Environ 2023:164449. [PMID: 37245804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dietary crude oil exposure has detrimental morpho-physiological effects in fishes, including endocrine disruption. However, little is known about how it influences sex differentiation and its potential for skewing sex ratios of populations. Appropriate sex ratio is important for maintaining effective population size and structure. Deviations of these ratios can compromise population growth and maintenance and may induce changes in a species' evolutionary trajectory. We assessed the potential of dietary exposure to crude oil (6.5, 11.4, and 17.5 mg/kg food) to alter sex differentiation in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) (20-35 days post fertilization (dpf)) and subsequently skew the adult (90 dpf) sex ratio. Multiple health- and fitness-related phenotypic traits (i.e., body mass and length, condition factor, heart rate, oxygen consumption, and their capacity to cope with hypoxia) were also assessed to better understand the effects of dietary crude oil exposure. We showed that dietary exposure to crude oil during the process of sex differentiation skewed sex ratio towards males (up to 0.34:1 female to male ratio in the highest oil concentration). Remarkably, this effect occurred independently of affecting physiological variables and female gonad characteristics, thus highlighting just how subtle the effects of dietary crude oil exposure can be. Our results suggest that, although fish were in an apparently healthy state during experimentation, sex ratio was still impacted, potentially compromising the resilience of the population. Therefore, considering how complex chemical mixtures affect organisms at several levels (molecular-individual) in experimental designs is warranted to better understand the implications of the exposures and the hazards that populations face in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim M Bautista
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
| | - Amélie Crespel
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Warren W Burggren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
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18
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Balogh RE, Csorbai B, Guti C, Keszte S, Urbányi B, Orbán L, Kovács B. Validation of a male-specific DNA marker confirms XX/XY-type sex determination in several Hungarian strains of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Theriogenology 2023; 205:106-113. [PMID: 37116410 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a promising food fish species with significant potential and growing mass of production in freshwater aquaculture. Male African catfish possess improved production characteristics over females, therefore the use of monosex populations could be advantageous for aquaculture production. However, our knowledge about the sex determination mechanism of this species is still limited and controversial. A previously isolated male-specific DNA marker (CgaY1) was validated using offspring groups from targeted crosses (n = 630) and it was found to predict the sex of 608 individuals correctly (96.43% accuracy). Using the proportion of recombinants, we estimated the average genetic distance between the potential sex determination locus and the sex-specific marker to be 3.57 cM. As an earlier study suggested that both XX/XY and ZZ/ZW systems coexist in this species, we tested the applicability of their putative 'moderately sex-linked loci' and found that no sex-specific amplification could be detected for any of them. In addition, temperature-induced masculinization suggested by others was also tested, but no such effect was detected in our stocks when the published parameters were used for heat treatment. Altogether, our results support an exclusive XX/XY sex determination system in our African catfish stock and indicate a good potential for the future use of this male-specific DNA marker in research and commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Enikő Balogh
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Balázs Csorbai
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Csaba Guti
- The Hungarian National Fishing Association, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Keszte
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - László Orbán
- Frontline Fish Genomics Research Group, Department of Applied Fish Biology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Kovács
- Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary.
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19
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Baranov V, De Haas R, Grosjean P. Men. Male-biased sex ratios and masculinity norms: evidence from Australia's colonial past. J Econ Growth (Boston) 2023; 28:1-58. [PMID: 37360000 PMCID: PMC10067017 DOI: 10.1007/s10887-023-09223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We document the historical roots and contemporary consequences of masculinity norms-beliefs about the proper conduct of men. We exploit a natural experiment in which convict transportation in the 18 th and 19 th centuries created a variegated spatial pattern of sex ratios across Australia. We show that in areas with heavily male-biased convict populations, relatively more men volunteered for World War I about a century later. Even at present these areas remain characterized by more violence, higher rates of male suicide and other forms of preventable male mortality, and more male-stereotypical occupational segregation. Moreover, in these historically male-biased areas, more Australians recently voted against same-sex marriage and boys-but not girls-are more likely to be bullied in school. We interpret these results as manifestations of masculinity norms that emerged due to intense local male-male competition. Once established, masculinity norms persisted over time through family socialization as well as peer socialization in schools. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10887-023-09223-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Baranov
- Department of Economics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- CEPR, London, UK
| | - Ralph De Haas
- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, London, UK
- CEPR, London, UK
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Dos Santos WL, Bordin J, Pôrto KC, Pinheiro F. Life-history traits and density dependence in metapopulations of a tropical moss: a monoicous species that is almost dioicous. Oecologia 2023; 201:287-298. [PMID: 36517619 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Life-history traits, such as reproductive allocation, sexual expression, sex ratio, and reproductive success, are central aspects of a species' ecology and evolution. For example, bias in male and female sex expression may play a large role in determining the viability of populations in the face of environmental pressures, such as population fragmentation, climate change and habitat occupancy. Thus, in this study, we investigated reproductive traits in 10 meta-populations of Fissidens flaccidus Mitt. From each meta-population, 30 patches were randomly selected, and 1 cm2 samples were collected form each patch. A total of 20,173 ramets were analyzed and classified into male, non-sporophytic female, sporophytic female, and non-sex expressing. In addition, population density in each patch was quantified. Our results showed that relative reproductive allocation in perigonia and sporophytes is greater than perichaetia. Trade-off between sexual relative reproductive allocation and asexual gemma production was observed, suggesting an important role of female ramets in asexual reproduction. The number of male ramets does not influence the reproductive success observed in each patch, and ramet density may induce male sex expression. Thus, we concluded that reproductive allocation in male function is efficient, since fewer male ramets can assure a considerable reproductive success. Furthermore, our results suggest that there may be a habitat preference between the sexes, since male ramets are found in patches with high density and mostly below female ramets, suggesting an avoidance of direct sunlight by male ramets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Luiz Dos Santos
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato., 250, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juçara Bordin
- State University of Rio Grande do Sul, Machado de Assis, 1456, Porto Alegre, RS, 95520-000, Brazil
| | - Kátia Cavalcanti Pôrto
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Moraes Rego Av., S/N, University City, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pinheiro
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato., 250, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Brozoski F, de Lima VA, Ferrari RR, Buschini MLT. Nesting Biology of the Potter Wasp Ancistrocerus flavomarginatus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) Revealed by Trap-Nest Experiments in Southern Brazil. Neotrop Entomol 2023; 52:11-23. [PMID: 36525241 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-01004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides the first description of the nesting biology of Ancistrocerus flavomarginatus (Brèthes) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), the only species of the genus found in Brazil. Our trap-nest experiments were conducted in two Mixed Ombrophilous Forest fragments and two adjacent matrices in Guarapuava (Paraná state, Brazil) from August 2017 to July 2018. In each area, we set 192 trap nests divided into six groups of 32 units, totalling 768 trap nests. We obtained a total of 47 nests of A. flavomarginatus, the vast majority of them (43, 91.5%) founded in the forest fragments. Most nests were built in wooden traps with a bore diameter of either 5 or 7 mm (19 nests in each type, 80.8%). Nests comprised 1-12 subcylindrical brood cells arranged linearly and separated from one another by transverse partitions of soil mastic. Larvae consumed 6-10 lepidopteran caterpillars before spinning the cocoon. Ancistrocerus flavomarginatus produced up to 6 annual generations (multivoltinism) and its immature forms were parasitized by chrysidid and ichneumonid wasps. The calculated sex ratio (1.78:1) was statistically biased towards males, but since they (21.3 ± 2.0 mg) were significantly lighter than females (50.9 ± 4.0 mg), the resulting investment ratio (1.34:1) was female biased. Males emerged from more external cells and developed significantly faster (27.2 ± 0.46 days) than females (30.1 ± 0.66 days), hence a case of protandry. We demonstrated that A. flavomarginatus is largely dependent on the Atlantic Rainforest and thus that deforestation poses a critical threat to this important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Brozoski
- Laboratório de Biologia e Ecologia de Abelhas e Vespas (LABEVESP), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO, PR, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Ferrari
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratório de Ecologia Animal e Genômica Ambiental (LEGAM), Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, BA, Porto Seguro, Brazil
| | - Maria Luisa Tunes Buschini
- Laboratório de Biologia e Ecologia de Abelhas e Vespas (LABEVESP), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO, PR, Guarapuava, Brazil.
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22
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Hlaváček A, Lučan RK, Hadrava J. Autumnal migration patterns of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae): interannual variability in timing and sex ratio. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14393. [PMID: 36523467 PMCID: PMC9745789 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The migration of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) is a well-known phenomenon, with growing interest due to the ecosystem services provided by migrants. However, we still lack fundamental data on species composition, timing of migration, or sex ratio of migrants. To address this gap, we focused on the southward autumnal migration of hoverflies through central Europe. Methods To recognize migrating individuals from resident ones, we used a pair of one-side-blocked Malaise traps, exposed in a mountain pass in the Jeseníky mountains, Czech Republic, where a mass migration of hoverflies takes place annually. Traps were set for 4 years, from August to October. Results In total, we recorded 31 species of migrating hoverflies. The timing of migration differed between the years, taking place from the beginning of September to the end of October. Differences in phenology were observed in the four most common migrant species, where larger species seemed to migrate earlier or at the same time compared to the smaller ones. The sex ratio was strongly asymmetrical in most common species Episyrphus balteatus, Eupeodes corollae, and Sphaerophoria scripta, and varied between years for each species. Weather conditions strongly influenced the migration intensity at ground-level: hoverflies migrate mainly during days with south wind, high temperature, high atmospheric pressure, and low precipitation.
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Davidović S, Marinković S, Hribšek I, Patenković A, Stamenković-Radak M, Tanasković M. Sex ratio and relatedness in the Griffon vulture ( Gyps fulvus) population of Serbia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14477. [PMID: 36523455 PMCID: PMC9745909 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Once a widespread species across the region of Southeast Europe, the Griffon vulture is now confined to small and isolated populations across the Balkan Peninsula. The population from Serbia represents its biggest and most viable population that can serve as an important reservoir of genetic diversity from which the birds can be used for the region's reintroduction programmes. The available genetic data for this valuable population are scarce and as a protected species that belongs to the highly endangered vulture group, it needs to be well described so that it can be properly managed and used as a restocking population. Considering the serious recent bottleneck event that the Griffon vulture population from Serbia experienced we estimated the overall relatedness among the birds from this population. Sex ratio, another important parameter that shows the vitality and strength of the population was evaluated as well. Methods During the annual monitoring that was performed in the period from 2013-2021, we collected blood samples from individual birds that were marked in the nests. In total, 169 samples were collected and each was used for molecular sexing while 58 presumably unrelated birds from different nests were used for inbreeding and relatedness analyses. The relatedness was estimated using both biparentally (10 microsatellite loci) and uniparentally (Cytb and D-loop I of mitochondrial DNA) inherited markers. Results The level of inbreeding was relatively high and on average it was 8.3% while the mean number of relatives for each bird was close to three. The sex ratio was close to 1:1 and for the analysed period of 9 years, it didn't demonstrate a statistically significant deviation from the expected ratio of 1:1, suggesting that this is a stable and healthy population. Our data suggest that, even though a relatively high level of inbreeding can be detected among the individual birds, the Griffon vulture population from Serbia can be used as a source population for restocking and reintroduction programmes in the region. These data combined with previously observed genetic differentiation between the populations from the Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas suggest that the introduction of foreign birds should be avoided and that local birds should be used instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Davidović
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,Birds of Prey Protection Foundation, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša Marinković
- Birds of Prey Protection Foundation, Belgrade, Serbia,Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Hribšek
- Birds of Prey Protection Foundation, Belgrade, Serbia,Natural History Museum Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Patenković
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Stamenković-Radak
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Tanasković
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mesfin H, Cecchi F, Nillesen E, Tirivayi N. The effect of siblings' sex ratio on physical capital, human capital, and gendered time use among adolescents in Ethiopia. Econ Hum Biol 2022; 47:101182. [PMID: 36126558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We examine the role of siblings' sex ratio on adolescents' physical and human capital development, as well as gendered time allocation using data from the Young Lives project in Ethiopia. We use BMI-for-age and Weight-for-age to measure physical capital and grade attainment and scores in Mathematics and English tests as human capital indicators. Gendered time use is proxied by the hours per day the adolescent spends doing traditionally female-specific chores. Our identification strategy relies on the absence of sex-selective reproduction in our study area which implies that for a given number of siblings, their sex ratio should be exogenous. Our results show that having relatively more brothers than sisters increases both physical and human capital for adolescents, typically with a stronger effect for boys. Yet it also increases girls' time spent on traditionally female-specific tasks, especially in the rural areas. This points to a complex relationship between siblings' sex composition and long-term life outcomes for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Mesfin
- UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Cecchi
- Department of Development Economics, Wageningen University, the Netherlands.
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25
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Weerawansha N, Wang Q, He XZ. A haplodiploid mite adjusts fecundity and sex ratio in response to density changes during the reproductive period. Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 88:277-288. [PMID: 36242724 PMCID: PMC9732065 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Population density is one of the main socio-environmental factors that have critical impacts on reproduction of animals. Consequently, they need to adjust their reproductive strategies in response to changes of local population density. In this study we used a haplodiploid spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae), to test how population density dynamics during the reproductive period altered female reproductive performance. We demonstrate that females produced fewer eggs with a significantly higher female-biased sex ratio in dense populations. Reducing fecundity and increasing daughter production in a dense environment could be an advantageous strategy to minimise the intensity of local food competition. However, females also reduced their fecundity after arrival in a new site of larger area from a dense population, which may be associated with higher web production costs because females need to produce more webs to cover the larger area. There was no trade-off between egg number and size, and egg size had little impact on reproductive fitness. Therefore, T. ludeni females could adapt to the shift of population density during their reproductive period by manipulating the fecundity and offspring sex ratio but not the egg size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwan Weerawansha
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, Passara Road, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Xiong Zhao He
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Ullah MR, Mredul MMH. First biometrics record of bartail flathead, Platycephalus indicus () from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11124. [PMID: 36303928 PMCID: PMC9593288 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
For the very first time the sex ratio, length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationships (LLRs), form factor, as well as condition factor were calculated for bartail flathead, Platycephalus indicus, captured with gill nets (mesh size: 2.0–6.0 cm) from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, from August 2021 to January 2022. A digital caliper was used to measure the length to 0.1 cm accuracy, and an electronic balance was used to quantify weight to the accuracy of 0.01 g. The sex ratio for the sample was 1: 0.76 (Male: Female). The estimates of slope in the fitted linear regressions relating logarithms of weights to logarithms of the total, standard, and fork lengths varied from 2.978 to 3.297, and the coefficient of determination from 0.89 to 0.97. Moreover, the three-length measures were also strongly associated (r2 > 0.996; P < 0.05). For the males, females, and combined sexes, the computed form factors were 0.0111, 0.0112, and 0.0107, correspondingly. For both males and females, individuals in the 33–36 cm and 27–30 cm length classes exhibited the highest and lowest in all the four condition factors, respectively. The size at first sexual maturity for combined sex of P. indicus was 30.2 cm in total length in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. These results of the study will help with the conservation and long-term management of this species in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, and other nearby nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rahamat Ullah
- Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Sub-Station, Khepupara, Patuakhali 8650, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
| | - Md Mahamudul Hasan Mredul
- Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
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Gan J, Chen Z, Shi Z, Li X, Liu S, Liu Y, Zhu H, Shen L, Zhang G, You Y, Guo Q, Zhang N, Lv Y, Gang B, Yuan J, Ji Y. Sex differences in clinical cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: a Chinese multicenter study. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:55. [PMID: 36183142 PMCID: PMC9526942 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on sex ratios of Lewy body dementia is controversial, established in small samples, and rarely focused on prodromal stage. The objective is to investigate the clinical sex ratios (men/women) and their associations with clinical features among individuals with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), and Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD) in China. Methods We conducted a multicenter cohort study, including 1038 individuals with probable MCI-LB, DLB, PD-MCI, or PDD diagnosis from 22 memory clinics in China from January 2018 to March 2022, and recorded their demographic and clinical data by reviewing medical records. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to calculate the sex ratio (men/women), and its associations with demographic and clinical data. Results In this study, men comprised 35.14% (men/women sex ratio = 0.54) for MCI-LB, 46.72% (men/women sex ratio = 0.88) for DLB, 63.56% (men/women sex ratio = 1.74) for PD-MCI, and 52.40% (men/women sex ratio = 1.10) for PDD. Sex ratios roughly increased with age. Men had more parkinsonism (p = 0.000) and less fluctuating cognition (p = 0.024) in MCI-LB, and those with PD-MCI had more RBD (p = 0.001). Women with PD-MCI had lower MMSE scores (β ± standard error = − 1.24 ± 0.58, p = 0.04), more irritability (0.95 ± 0.46, p = 0.04) and fluctuating cognition (− 3.41 ± 1.31, p = 0.01), and less parkinsonism (− 2.10 ± 0.97, p = 0.03) than men after adjusting for demographic and cardiometabolic conditions. Conclusion There were more women in DLB and MCI-LB, and more men in PD-MCI and PDD. The sex distribution, demographic, and clinical characteristics differed, which strengthened the independence and heterogeneity of the four diseases, and indicated sex-sensitive strategies for management of dementia necessary. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-022-00464-w. There are significant sex differences in Chinese population with cognitive impairment in Lewy body disease. Women were more common in dementia with Lewy bodies and mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies cases, had more frequent and severe neuropsychiatric symptoms, and poorer cognition than men. Men predominant in Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment and Parkinson’s disease with dementia cases, and performed more frequent RBD and parkinsonism than women. Dementia with Lewy bodies vs. Parkinson’s disease with dementia, and mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies vs. Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment are distinct disease forms and should not be confused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Gan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 119 Nansihuan Xilu, Fengtai, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, 6 Jizhao Road, Jinnan, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 119 Nansihuan Xilu, Fengtai, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, 6 Jizhao Road, Jinnan, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Hongcan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Guili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 119 Nansihuan Xilu, Fengtai, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yong You
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baozhi Gang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junliang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 119 Nansihuan Xilu, Fengtai, Beijing, 100070, China. .,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, 6 Jizhao Road, Jinnan, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Lin CR, Lee YK, Chiang CJ, Yang YW, Chang HC, You SL. Secular trends of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a high endemic area: A population-based study. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3695-3705. [PMID: 36161044 PMCID: PMC9372811 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i28.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. However, because of its scarcity there are limited population-based data available for investigations into its epidemiologic characteristics. In Taiwan, we have a national cancer registry database that can be used to evaluate the secular trends of ICC.
AIM To evaluate secular trends of ICC according to age, sex, and risk factors in Taiwan.
METHODS In this population-based study, we used the national Taiwan Cancer Registry database. Age-standardized and relative percent changes in incidence rates were used to describe secular trends in incidence rates and sex ratios of ICC in Taiwan.
RESULTS The age-standardized ICC incidence rate among males increased from 1.51 per 100000 in 1993-1997 to 4.07 per 100000 in 2013-2017 and among female from 1.73 per 100000 to 2.95 per 100000. The incidence in females tended to plateau after 2008-2012. For males, the ICC incidence increased as age increased. In the long-term incidence trend of ICC in females, the incidence of the four age groups (40-44, 45-49, 50-54 and 55-59 years) remained stable in different years; although, the incidence of the 60-64 group had a peak in 2003-2007, and the peak incidence of the 65-69 and 70-74 groups occurred in 2008-2012. Among males, beginning at the age of 65, there were increases in the incidence of ICC for the period of 2003-2017 as compared with females in the period of 2003-2017.
CONCLUSION Increased incidence of ICC occurred in Taiwan over the past two decades. The increased incidence has progressively shifted toward younger people for both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ru Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242008, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kwang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuen Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan
| | - San-Lin You
- School of Medicine and Data Science Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242008, Taiwan
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Hughes JF, Skaletsky H, Nicholls PK, Drake A, Pyntikova T, Cho TJ, Bellott DW, Page DC. A gene deriving from the ancestral sex chromosomes was lost from the X and retained on the Y chromosome in eutherian mammals. BMC Biol 2022; 20:133. [PMID: 35676717 PMCID: PMC9178871 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mammalian X and Y chromosomes originated from a pair of ordinary autosomes. Over the past ~180 million years, the X and Y have become highly differentiated and now only recombine with each other within a short pseudoautosomal region. While the X chromosome broadly preserved its gene content, the Y chromosome lost ~92% of the genes it once shared with the X chromosome. PRSSLY is a Y-linked gene identified in only a few mammalian species that was thought to be acquired, not ancestral. However, PRSSLY’s presence in widely divergent species—bull and mouse—led us to further investigate its evolutionary history. Results We discovered that PRSSLY is broadly conserved across eutherians and has ancient origins. PRSSLY homologs are found in syntenic regions on the X chromosome in marsupials and on autosomes in more distant animals, including lizards, indicating that PRSSLY was present on the ancestral autosomes but was lost from the X and retained on the Y in eutherian mammals. We found that across eutheria, PRSSLY’s expression is testis-specific, and, in mouse, it is most robustly expressed in post-meiotic germ cells. The closest paralog to PRSSLY is the autosomal gene PRSS55, which is expressed exclusively in testes, involved in sperm differentiation and migration, and essential for male fertility in mice. Outside of eutheria, in species where PRSSLY orthologs are not Y-linked, we find expression in a broader range of somatic tissues, suggesting that PRSSLY has adopted a germ-cell-specific function in eutherians. Finally, we generated Prssly mutant mice and found that they are fully fertile but produce offspring with a modest female-biased sex ratio compared to controls. Conclusions PRSSLY appears to be the first example of a gene that derives from the mammalian ancestral sex chromosomes that was lost from the X and retained on the Y. Although the function of PRSSLY remains to be determined, it may influence the sex ratio by promoting the survival or propagation of Y-bearing sperm. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01338-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Skaletsky
- Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Peter K Nicholls
- Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Present Address: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD71DP, Bradford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - David C Page
- Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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30
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Allouche M, Ishak S, Ben Ali M, Hedfi A, Almalki M, Karachle PK, Harrath AH, Abu-Zied RH, Badraoui R, Boufahja F. Molecular interactions of polyvinyl chloride microplastics and beta-blockers (Diltiazem and Bisoprolol) and their effects on marine meiofauna: Combined in vivo and modeling study. J Hazard Mater 2022; 431:128609. [PMID: 35278946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicological effects of beta-blockers (i.e. Diltiazem and Bisoprolol) and their interactions with the microplastic polyvinyl chloride on marine meiofauna were tested in laboratory microcosms. An experimental factorial design was applied, using meiobenthic fauna collected from the Old Harbor of Bizerte (NE Tunisia), but with a main focus on the nematode communities. The meiobenthic invertebrates were exposed to two concentrations of Diltiazem and Bisoprolol, of 1.8 µg.L-1 and 1.8 mg.L-1, respectively, and one concentration of polyvinyl chloride (i.e. 20 mg.kg-1), separately and mixed. The overall meiofauna abundance was significantly reduced in all treatments, mainly that of polychaetes and amphipods. Moreover, the juveniles-gravid female ratios of the nematode communities were the lowest in the 1.8 µg.L-1 Bisoprolol treatment and for the 1.8 mg.L-1 mixture of Diltiazem and microplastics, suggesting that different dosages influence the maturity status of the examined species. The demographic results were also supported by in silico approach. The simulation of molecular interactions revealed acceptable binding affinities (up to -8.1 kcal/mol) and interactions with key residues in the germ line development protein 3 and sex-determining protein from Coenorhabditis elegans. Overall, the experimental outcome strongly indicates synergistic interactions among the beta-blockers Diltiazem and Bisoprolol and the microplastic polyvinyl chloride on marine nematode communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Allouche
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Ishak
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Ali
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Amor Hedfi
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Almalki
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Paraskevi K Karachle
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 Athens-Sounio Ave., P.O. Box 712, 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramadan H Abu-Zied
- Geology department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1007 La Rabta-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
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Hao L, Ru S, Qin J, Wang W, Zhang J, Wei S, Wang J, Zhang X. Transgenerational effects of parental bisphenol S exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio) reproduction. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113142. [PMID: 35595038 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is extensively used for production of polycarbonates and other commodities, and is often detected in environment and biota. Parental BPS exposure has been reported to interfere with reproductive development of offspring, but limited information is available on its multigenerational reproductive toxicity. In our present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to BPS (1 and 100 μg/L) from 3 hpf to 120 dpf, and the effects on reproduction, sex steroid hormones, DNA methylation levels and gene transcription involved in steroidogenesis and DNA methylation were investigated in unexposed F1-2 offspring. The results showed that 100 μg/L BPS exposure increased DNA methylation in F1 testes, and 1 μg/L BPS led to DNA methylation in F2 ovaries. The increased DNA methylation levels led to decreased expression of steroidogenic enzymes, including cyp11a, cyp17 and 3βhsd, which might be a main reason for the elevated plasma 17β-estradiol and decreased testosterone levels. In addition, sex ratio indicated a female dominance trend, and reproductive capacity of male fish was severely impaired. Overall, these findings suggest that parental BPS exposure impairs reproductive development of unexposed offspring via DNA methylation and BPS-induced epigenetic modification inheritance has a long-term effect on the fitness and sustainability of fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingyu Qin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shuhui Wei
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Abstract
Among the countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, South Korea shows the worst female earnings disadvantage. Women's career disruption associated with marriage and childbearing is said to be the primary factor behind the huge female disadvantage in Korea. Recent studies, however, demonstrated that substantial female disadvantage appears prior to women's career disruption, even net of human capital covariates. In this study, we examine whether taste-based gender discrimination is a source of female earnings disadvantage. We use sex ratios of births across regions during the 1990s as a proxy of prejudice against women in current labor markets. Our empirical results show that female earnings disadvantages among 2009-2017 college graduates are larger in the regions where sex ratios of 1990-1999 newborns were higher. Our results are robust to the control of an extensive set of human capital variables, including concrete college names, detailed fields of study, high school types, and more. Depending on models, one-fourth to one-third of female earnings disadvantage is attributable to prejudice against women. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byeongdon Oh
- Department of Sociology, Portland State University, USA.
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Motlhale M, Sitas F, Bradshaw D, Chen WC, Singini MG, de Villiers CB, Lewis CM, Muchengeti M, Waterboer T, Mathew CG, Newton R, Singh E. Lifestyle factors associated with sex differences in Kaposi sarcoma incidence among adult black South Africans: A case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102158. [PMID: 35421713 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is endemic in several countries in Southern and Eastern Africa, relatively rare worldwide but a leading cancer among people living with HIV. KS has always been more common in adult males than females. We assessed the prevalence of known cancer modifying factors (parity, hormonal contraceptive use in females, sex-partners, smoking and alcohol consumption in both sexes), and their relationship to KS, and whether any of these could account for the unequal KS sex ratios. We calculated logistic regression case-control adjusted odds ratios (ORadj), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), between KS and each of the modifying factors, using appropriate comparison controls. Controls were cancer types that had no known relationship to exposures of interest (infection or alcohol or smoking or contraceptive use). The majority of the 1275 KS cases were HIV positive (97%), vs. 15.7% in 10,309 controls. The risk of KS among those with HIV was high in males (ORadj=116.70;95%CI=71.35-190.88) and females (ORadj=93.91;95%CI=54.22-162.40). Among controls, the prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption was five and three times higher in males vs. females. We found a positive association between KS and heavy vs. non-drinking (ORadj=1.31;95%CI=1.03-1.67), and in current heavy vs. never smokers (ORadj=1.82;95%CI=1.07-3.10). These associations remained positive for alcohol consumption (but with wider CIs) after stratification by sex, and restriction to HIV positive participants. We found no evidence of interactions of smoking and alcohol by sex. Smoking and alcohol consumption may provide a possible explanation for the KS sex differences, given both exposures are more common in men, but confounding and bias cannot be fully ruled out. The role smoking and alcohol play in relation to viral loads of HIV/KSHV, differences in immunological responses or other genetic differences between males and females warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melitah Motlhale
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Freddy Sitas
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, School of Population Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia; Menzies Centre of Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Debbie Bradshaw
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wenlong Carl Chen
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mwiza Gideon Singini
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chantal Babb de Villiers
- Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Mazvita Muchengeti
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; South African DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher G Mathew
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Newton
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elvira Singh
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Seltmann MW, Jackson J, Lynch E, Brown JL, Htut W, Lahdenperä M, Lummaa V. Sex-specific links between the social landscape and faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in semi-captive Asian elephants. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 319:113990. [PMID: 35151724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.113990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although social behaviour is common in group-living mammals, our understanding of its mechanisms in long-lived animals is largely based on studies in human and non-human primates. There are health and fitness benefits associated with strong social ties, including increased life span, reproductive success, and lower disease risk, which are attributed to the proximate effects of lowered circulating glucocorticoid hormones. However, to deepen our understanding of health-social dynamics, we must explore species beyond the primate order. Here, using Asian elephants as a model species, we combine social data generated from semi-captive timber elephants in Myanmar with measurements of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations. These data enable a "natural experiment" because individuals live in work groups with different demographic compositions. We examine sex-specific FGM concentrations for four different aspects of an individuals' social world: general sociality, work group size, sex ratio and the presence of immatures (<5 years) within the work group. Males experienced lower FGM concentrations when engaged in more social behaviours and residing in female-biased work groups. Surprisingly, females only exhibited lower FGM concentrations when residing with calves. Together, our findings highlight the importance of sociality on individual physiological function among elephants, which may have broad implications for the benefits of social interactions among mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; Deparmtent of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Emily Lynch
- The North Carolina Zoo, Asheboro, NC 27205, USA
| | - Janine L Brown
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institue, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Win Htut
- Myanma Timber Enterprise, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Mirkka Lahdenperä
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20014 Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Virpi Lummaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Zhang N, Smith CL, Yin Z, Yan Y, Xie L. Effects of temperature on the adults and progeny of the predaceous mite Lasioseius japonicus (Acari: Blattisociidae) fed on the cereal mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae). Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 86:499-515. [PMID: 35389177 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The predatory mite Lasioseius japonicus Ehara is a newly recorded species in China that has been shown to have great potential as a biological control agent. The species is a soil-dwelling mite that is known to prey on various pests including economically important mites, fungus gnats and other terricolous arthropods. Considering that temperature is one of the most important factors affecting the population dynamics of arthropods, the development, survival and reproduction of L. japonicus were evaluated under indoor conditions at seven temperatures: 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 and 37 °C, at 75% relative humidity and L0:D24 h photoperiod. The mites were fed on the cereal mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) and the data were analyzed using the two-sex life table. The results demonstrated that L. japonicus could complete their development and reproduce at temperatures between 19 and 34 °C, but were unsuccessful at 37 °C. Increasing temperature shortened the development time of the pre-adult stage and the average generation time (T). The life table parameters indicated that at temperatures from 22 to 31 °C the development rate and reproduction of L. japonicus were highest: at 22, 25, 28 and 31 °C the net reproduction rate (R0) was 55.5, 61.6, 61.2 and 59.0, respectively, and the average fecundity rate (F) was 81.7, 88.0, 102.0 and 86.8, respectively. The maximum values of intrinsic population growth rate (r) (0.341) and finite rate of increase (λ) (1.407) occurred at 31 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Cecil L Smith
- Arthropod Collection Georgia Museum of Natural History, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zhan Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Lixia Xie
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Taian, 271018, China.
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Geeta Arun M, Chechi TS, Meena R, Bhosle SD, Srishti, Prasad NG. Investigating the interaction between inter-locus and intra-locus sexual conflict using hemiclonal analysis in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:38. [PMID: 35346023 PMCID: PMC8962633 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-01992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Divergence in the evolutionary interests of males and females leads to sexual conflict. Traditionally, sexual conflict has been classified into two types: inter-locus sexual conflict (IeSC) and intra-locus sexual conflict (IaSC). IeSC is modeled as a conflict over outcomes of intersexual reproductive interactions mediated by loci that are sex-limited in their effects. IaSC is thought to be a product of selection acting in opposite directions in males and females on traits with a common underlying genetic basis. While in their canonical formalisms IaSC and IeSC are mutually exclusive, there is growing support for the idea that the two may interact. Empirical evidence for such interactions, however, is limited. Results Here, we investigated the interaction between IeSC and IaSC in Drosophila melanogaster. Using hemiclonal analysis, we sampled 39 hemigenomes from a laboratory-adapted population of D. melanogaster. We measured the contribution of each hemigenome to adult male and female fitness at three different intensities of IeSC, obtained by varying the operational sex ratio. Subsequently, we estimated the intensity of IaSC at each sex ratio by calculating the intersexual genetic correlation (rw,g,mf) for fitness and the proportion of sexually antagonistic fitness-variation. We found that the intersexual genetic correlation for fitness was positive at all three sex ratios. Additionally, at male biased and equal sex ratios the rw,g,mf was higher, and the proportion of sexually antagonistic fitness variation lower, relative to the female biased sex ratio, although this trend was not statistically significant. Conclusion Our results indicate a statistically non-significant trend suggesting that increasing the strength of IeSC ameliorates IaSC in the population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-01992-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Geeta Arun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Tejinder Singh Chechi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Rakesh Meena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Shradha Dattaraya Bhosle
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, University Campus, Jaisigpura, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India
| | - Srishti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Nagaraj Guru Prasad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Noëmie G, Béatrice G, Virginie C, Isabelle C, Fabien P, Patrice G, Olivier S. Multigenerational exposure to gamma radiation affects offspring differently over generations in zebrafish. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 244:106101. [PMID: 35123208 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutigenerational studies are now of great interest in ecotoxicology and previous studies have shown the importance of conducting multigenerational studies when assessing radiation toxicity in fish. In our study, the first objective was to study the early life stages (embryo-larval stages) and critical functions such as reproduction (which are generally studied in the context of ecological risk assessment (ERA)), in order to assess the sensitivity of zebrafish to ionizing radiation. The second objective was to assess acquisition of phenotypic effects at select life stages over generations. To our knowledge, this was the first time that irradiation of zebrafish (0.05 and 5 mGy.h-1) up to generation F2 was maintained with the following two exposure conditions: (1) recovery, only F0 genitors were irradiated and the progeny were placed in control condition, (2) irradiated condition, all generations were exposed. Multigenerational irradiation affected F1 parental reproductive capacity (reproductive success) mainly over the first reproductive cycle (104d) and larval survival rate. Unexpected yet significant effects on sex ratio were observed in F1 progeny after parental irradiation (mainly at 5 mGy.h-1). These effects were observed for both conditions -irradiated and recovery- suggesting transmitted effects from F0 genitors to offspring. All studied life stages were affected by ionizing radiation (IR), suggesting an alteration of vital physiological functions (reproduction and sexual determination). Such results highlight the hypothesis that IR affects population dynamics. In addition, the clear evidence of transmitted effects suggests worsening of effects at the population scale over generations. This approach is closer to environmental conditions to assess wild population fate, and thus highlights the importance of multigenerational studies to support ERA of ionizing radiation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirandy Noëmie
- IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Centre de Cadarache, B.P. 3 - Bat 183, St Paul Lez Durance 13115, France.
| | - Gagnaire Béatrice
- IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Centre de Cadarache, B.P. 3 - Bat 183, St Paul Lez Durance 13115, France
| | - Camilleri Virginie
- IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Centre de Cadarache, B.P. 3 - Bat 183, St Paul Lez Durance 13115, France
| | - Cavalié Isabelle
- IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Centre de Cadarache, B.P. 3 - Bat 183, St Paul Lez Durance 13115, France
| | - Pierron Fabien
- UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, Place du Docteur Bertrand Peyneau, Arcachon 33120, France
| | - Gonzalez Patrice
- UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, Place du Docteur Bertrand Peyneau, Arcachon 33120, France
| | - Simon Olivier
- IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Centre de Cadarache, B.P. 3 - Bat 183, St Paul Lez Durance 13115, France
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Teigeler M, Schaudien D, Böhmer W, Länge R, Schäfers C. Effects of the Gestagen Levonorgestrel in a Life Cycle Test with Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:580-591. [PMID: 33539028 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The amount of pharmaceuticals transferred to the aquatic environment via municipal and hospital waste water is steadily increasing. The progress in medical research has resulted in the manufacture of active substances of increased stability, specificity, and potency, which can trigger adverse effects in aquatic organisms. Moreover, advanced analytical methods allow the detection of pharmaceuticals in environmental matrices at very low concentrations, which increases the number of substances to be assessed. Levonorgestrel is a synthetic gestagen commonly used in medicinal products for contraception. Because progestogenic compounds could have an impact on fish maturation processes, a life cycle test was performed to assess the effects of levonorgestrel exposure of the embryonic to the adult stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) at mean measured concentrations of 0.06, 0.16, 0.47, 1.64, and 5.45 ng/L. Apical endpoints were survival, growth, reproduction, and sex ratio. Determination of endocrine modulation was completed by measurement of vitellogenin and 11-keto testosterone in blood plasma, as well as by histopathological analysis of gonads. For all parameters, control values were within the recommended quality range. The most prominent levonorgestrel effect was a shift toward an increased number of male fish at 1.64 and especially 5.45 ng/L, at which point all fish were histologically determined to be males and no spawning occurred; 11-keto testosterone was significantly decreased. A no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 0.47 ng levonorgestrel/L was confirmed by the fertilization capability of adult fish, the male maturation stages, and female gonad histopathology. Whereas hatch and juvenile growth were not affected, posthatch survival was significantly impeded at ≥0.47 ng levonorgestrel/L, although it was not clearly related to the test concentration. For male length and weight, the same NOEC of 0.16 ng/L was obtained at study termination. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:580-591. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Teigeler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Walter Böhmer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Schäfers
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
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Bury S, Zając B, Okarma H, Kolanek A. Decline in body size and female fraction in the grass snake (Natrix natrix, Linnaeus 1758) population after 40 years (Southern Poland). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:8334-8340. [PMID: 34490556 PMCID: PMC8776665 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Depletion of free-living populations is often associated with changes in fitness-related traits, e.g., body size. Ongoing decrease in body size has been reported in most vertebrates, but reptiles remain understudied. Moreover, sexual size dimorphism, commonly observed in reptiles, indicates that environmental pressures on body size may appear sex-specific. This can also result in shifts in sex ratio, an aspect even less studied. We investigated body size and sex ratio in population of grass snake (Natrix natrix) surveyed over 40 years ago in comparison with the current state. We found that both sexes express similar magnitude in body size decline. The current sex ratio does not deviate from 1:1, while in the past, females outnumbered males. The observed changes are likely an outcome of several non-mutually exclusive factors. In the studied area, an increase in road traffic and human presence and a drop in prey availability have been documented. Both factors may exert higher pressure on larger individuals, particularly females, due to their high costs of reproduction. It is recorded here that increase in ambient temperatures and summer duration may additionally enhance the mortality risk and resource requirements. Shifts in body size and sex ratio can catalyze further declines in abundance and reproductive potential of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Bury
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- NATRIX Herpetological Association, Opolska 41/1, 52-010, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Zając
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Henryk Okarma
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kolanek
- NATRIX Herpetological Association, Opolska 41/1, 52-010, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Geoinformatics and Cartography, Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wroclaw, pl. Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137, Wrocław, Poland
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Mansoor MM, Shad SA. Risk assessment of cyromazine and methoxyfenozide resistance suggests higher additive genetic but lower environmental variation supporting quick resistance development in non-target Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:66. [PMID: 34993647 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are effective against economic pests, but these pose serious threats to the environment and ecosystem components such as natural enemies. Resistance risk assessment forecasts insecticide resistance development in target pests and non-target biological control agents under special conditions. Field-collected Chrysoperla carnea was selected with two Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) viz. cyromazine and methoxyfenozide for 15 generations to determine the resistance development potential of this natural enemy. Selection to cyromazine and methoxyfenozide induced 759.08-fold and 3531.67-fold resistance with realized heritability of 0.37 and 0.62 in C. carnea, respectively, suggesting higher additive genetic variations in first half of selection (h2 = 0.46 for cyromazine and h2 = 0.75 for methoxyfenozide) than in second half (h2 = 0.18 and 0.25, respectively). Estimates of projected rate of resistance development indicate C. carnea will take only 6 to 2 generations at h2 = 0.37, 8 to 2 at h2 = 0.27, and 5 to 2 at h2 = 0.27, at constant slope = 1.81 for a tenfold increase in cyromazine resistance. At h2 = 0.37, 3-1, and 10-8 generations would be needed for this increase in LC50 if slope = 0.82 and 2.82, respectively. Similarly, it may take 3 to 1 generations at h2 = 0.62 and 0.72, but 4 to 1 at h2 = 0.52, at constant slope = 1.62, for a tenfold increase in methoxyfenozide resistance. On the same h2 = 0.62, 1-0, and 5-1 generations would be required for increase if slope = 0.62 and 2.62, respectively. Selection and resistance to both insecticides induced an insignificant difference in the sex ratio of C. carnea. These results confirm that this natural enemy has tremendous potential for resistance development under selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mudassir Mansoor
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Kovaleva NV, Cotter PD. Factors affecting clinical manifestation of chromosomal imbalance in carriers of segmental autosomal mosaicism: differential impact of gender. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:281-291. [PMID: 34973130 PMCID: PMC8979927 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mosaicism for unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements segmental mosaicism (SM) is rare, both in patients referred for cytogenetic testing and in prenatal diagnoses. In contrast, in preimplantation embryos SM is a frequent finding and, therefore, is even more challenging. However, there is no consistency among results of published studies on the clinical outcomes of embryos with SM, primarily due to the small number of reported cases. Moreover, there is the problem of predicting the potential for the optimal development of a mosaic embryo to a healthy individual. Therefore, we suggested comparing factors predisposing to favorable and poor prognoses, identified in postnatal and prenatal cohorts of SM carriers, with those obtained from studies on preimplantation embryos. We analyzed 580 published cases of SM including (i) postnatally diagnosed affected carriers, (ii) clinically asymptomatic carriers, (iii) prenatally diagnosed carriers, and (iv) miscarriages. We observed a concordance with preimplantation diagnoses regarding the clinical significance of the extent of mosaicism as well as a predominance of deletions over other types of rearrangements. However, there is no concordance regarding excessive involvement of chromosomes 1, 5, and 9 in unbalanced rearrangements and a preferential involvement of larger chromosomes compared to short ones. Paternal age was not found to be associated with SM in postnatally disease-defined individuals. We have identified maternal age and preferential involvement of chromosome 18 in rearrangements associated with clinical manifestations. Male predominance was found among normal pregnancy outcomes and among disease-defined carriers of rearrangements resulting in a gain of genomic material. Female predominance was found among abnormal pregnancy outcomes, among disease-defined carriers of loss and gain/loss rearrangements, and among transmitting carriers of gonadal SM, both affected and asymptomatic. According to data obtained from “post-embryo” studies, clinical manifestations of chromosomal imbalance are associated with a high proportion of abnormal cells, female gender, the type of rearrangement and involved chromosome(s), and maternal age. We believe these data are instructive in the challenging medical genetic counseling of parents faced with no option other than transfer of an embryo with segmental mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Kovaleva
- Academy of Molecular Medicine, Mytninskaya str., 12/44, St. Petersburg, 191144, Russian Federation.
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Park YJ, Shin DH, Pang WK, Ryu DY, Rahman MS, Adegoke EO, Pang MG. Short-term storage of semen samples in acidic extender increases the proportion of females in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:362. [PMID: 34836535 PMCID: PMC8620557 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex preselection is a desired goal of the animal industry to improve production efficiency, depending on industry demand. In the porcine industry, there is a general preference for pork from female and surgically castrated male pigs. Therefore, the birth of more females than males in a litter leads to economic benefits and improved animal welfare in the pig production industry. Our previous study suggested that the porcine semen extender (BTS) adjusted to pH 6.2 maximises the differences in viability between X-chromosome-bearing (X) spermatozoa and Y-chromosome-bearing (Y) spermatozoa without affecting sperm’s functional parameters. In this study we aimed to evaluate whether the pH 6.2 extender is applicable at the farm level for increasing the number of female piglets without a decline in spermatozoa fertility. Artificial insemination (AI) was carried out with spermatozoa stored at pH 6.2 and pH 7.2 (original BTS) at day 1 and day 2 of storage. Next, the functional parameters of the spermatozoa, litter size, farrowing rate, and female-to-male ratio of offspring were determined. Results Although sperm motility decreased significantly after 2 d of storage, the viability of spermatozoa was preserved at pH 6.2 for 3 d. There was no significant difference in the farrowing rate and average litter size between the group inseminated with the spermatozoa stored in (pH 7.2) and that inseminated with spermatozoa stored in acidic BTS. The percentage of female piglets was approximately 1.5-fold higher in sows inseminated on day 1 in the pH 6.2 than in the pH 7.2 group. Furthermore, although there was no significant difference in the female-to-male ratio, the percentage of female piglets born was slightly higher in the pH 6.2 group than in the pH 7.2 group on day 2. Conclusions The method optimised in our study is simple, economical, and may enhance the number of female births without any decline in spermatozoa fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jin Park
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Deadeok-myon, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Shin
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Deadeok-myon, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Deadeok-myon, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yeal Ryu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Deadeok-myon, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Deadeok-myon, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Elikanah Olusayo Adegoke
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Deadeok-myon, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Deadeok-myon, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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de Gregorio LS, Franco-Belussi L, Goldberg J, De Oliveira C. Nonylphenol and cyproterone acetate effects in the liver and gonads of Lithobates catesbeianus (Anura) tadpoles and juveniles. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:62593-62604. [PMID: 34196865 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution plays an important role in amphibian population decline. Contamination with endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is particularly worrying due to their capacity to adversely affect organisms at low doses. We hypothesized that exposure to EDCs such as 4-nonylphenol (NP) and cyproterone acetate (CPA) could trigger responses in the liver and gonads, due to toxic and endocrine disrupting effects. Growth rate may also be impaired by contamination. We investigated sublethal effects of a 28-day exposure to three different concentrations of NP and CPA on liver pigmentation, gonadal morphology, body mass, and length of tadpoles and juveniles Lithobates catesbeianus. Liver pigmentation and the gonadal morphologies of treated tadpoles did not differ from control, but growth rate was impaired by both pollutants. Juveniles treated with 10 μg/L NP and 0.025 and 0.25 ng/L CPA displayed increased liver melanin pigmentation, but gonadal morphologies, sex ratios, and body mass were not affected after treatments. The increase in liver pigmentation may be related to defensive, cytoprotective role of melanomacrophages. The decreased growth rate in tadpoles indicates toxic effects of NP and CPA. Thus, contamination with NP and CPA remains a concern and sublethal effects of different dosages of the compounds on native species should be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Salgueiro de Gregorio
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Bairro: Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology (LAPEx), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Institute of Biosciences (INBIO), CEP 79002-970, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Javier Goldberg
- Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Vélez Sársfield 299, CP X5000JJC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Classius De Oliveira
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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García-García RM, Arias-Álvarez M, Rodríguez M, Sánchez-Rodríguez A, Formoso-Rafferty N, Lorenzo PL, Rebollar PG. Effects of feed restriction during pregnancy on maternal reproductive outcome, foetal hepatic IGF gene expression and offspring performance in the rabbit. Animal 2021; 15:100382. [PMID: 34653786 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primiparous female rabbits have high nutritional requirements and, while it is recommended that they are subjected to an extensive reproductive rhythm, this could lead to overweight, affecting reproductive outcomes. We hypothesised that restricting food intake during the less energetic period of gestation could improve reproductive outcome without impairing offspring viability. This study compares two groups of primiparous rabbit does in an extensive reproductive programme, one in which feed was restricted from Day 0 to Day 21 of gestation (R021), and another in which does were fed ad libitum (control) throughout pregnancy. The mother and offspring variables compared were (1) mother reproductive outcomes at the time points pre-implantation (Day 3 postartificial insemination [AI]), preterm (Day 28 post-AI) and birth; and (2) the prenatal offspring characteristic IGF system gene expression in foetal liver, liver fibrosis and foetus sex ratio, and postnatal factor viability and growth at birth, and survival and growth until weaning. Feed restriction did not affect the conception rate, embryo survival, or the number of morulae and blastocysts recovered at Day 3 post-AI. Preterm placenta size and efficiency were similar in the two groups. However, both implantation rate (P < 0.001) and the number of foetuses (P = 0.05) were higher in the R021 mothers than controls, while there was no difference in foetal viability. Foetal size and weight, the weights of most organs, organ weight/BW ratios and sex ratio were unaffected by feed restriction; these variables were only affected by uterine position (P < 0.05). Conversely, in the R021 does, foetal liver IGBP1 and IGF2 gene expression were dysregulated despite no liver fibrosis and a normal liver structure. No effects of restricted feed intake were produced on maternal fertility, prolificacy, or offspring birth weight, but control females weaned more kits. Litter weight and mortality rate during the lactation period were also unaffected. In conclusion, pre-implantation events and foetal development were unaffected by feed restriction. While some genes of the foetal hepatic IGF system were dysregulated during pregnancy, liver morphology appeared normal, and the growth of foetuses and kits until weaning was unmodified. This strategy of feed restriction in extensive reproductive rhythms seems to have no significant adverse effects on dam reproductive outcome or offspring growth and viability until weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M García-García
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Arias-Álvarez
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez
- Department of Agrarian Production, ETSIAAB, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Formoso-Rafferty
- Department of Agrarian Production, ETSIAAB, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P L Lorenzo
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P G Rebollar
- Department of Agrarian Production, ETSIAAB, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Mikó Z, Nemesházi E, Ujhegyi N, Verebélyi V, Ujszegi J, Kásler A, Bertalan R, Vili N, Gál Z, Hoffmann OI, Hettyey A, Bókony V. Sex reversal and ontogeny under climate change and chemical pollution: are there interactions between the effects of elevated temperature and a xenoestrogen on early development in agile frogs? Environ Pollut 2021; 285:117464. [PMID: 34380212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental change poses a special threat to species in which genetic sex determination can be overwritten by the thermal and chemical environment. Endocrine disrupting chemicals as well as extreme temperatures can induce sex reversal in such species, with potentially wide-ranging consequences for fitness, demography, population viability and evolution. Despite accumulating evidence suggesting that chemical and thermal effects may interact in ecological contexts, little is known about their combined effects on sex reversal. Here we assessed the simultaneous effects of high temperature (female-to-male sex-reversing agent) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), a widespread xenoestrogen (male-to-female sex-reversing agent), on sexual development and fitness-related traits in agile frogs (Rana dalmatina). We exposed tadpoles to a six-days heat wave (30 °C) and/or an ecologically relevant concentration of EE2 (30 ng/L) in one of three consecutive larval periods, and diagnosed sex reversals two months after metamorphosis using species-specific markers for genetic sexing. We found that high temperature induced female-to-male sex reversal, decreased survival, delayed metamorphosis, decreased body mass at metamorphosis, and increased the proportion of animals that had no fat bodies, while EE2 had no effect on these traits. Simultaneous exposure to heat and EE2 had non-additive effects on juvenile body mass, which were dependent on treatment timing and further complicated by a negative effect of sex reversal on body mass. These results show that environmentally relevant exposure to EE2 does not diminish the female-to-male sex-reversing effects of high temperature. Instead, our findings on growth suggest that climate change and chemical pollution may have complex consequences for individual fitness and population persistence in species with environment-sensitive sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Mikó
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Edina Nemesházi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary; Conservation Genetics Research Group, Department of Ecology Institute for Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, István utca 2, H-1078, Budapest, Hungary; Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Savoyenstr. 1a, A-1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolett Ujhegyi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Verebélyi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary; Fish Parasitology Research Team, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Hungária körút 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Ujszegi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kásler
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/c, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Bertalan
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Vili
- Conservation Genetics Research Group, Department of Ecology Institute for Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, István utca 2, H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gál
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, Szent-Györgyi Albert u. 4, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Orsolya I Hoffmann
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science, Szent-Györgyi Albert u. 4, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Attila Hettyey
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Bókony
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Herman Ottó u. 15, H-1022, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/c, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
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Han J, Hu Y, Qi Y, Yuan C, Naeem S, Huang D. High temperature induced masculinization of zebrafish by down-regulation of sox9b and esr1 via DNA methylation. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 107:160-170. [PMID: 34412779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated temperature could influence the sex differentiation by altering the expression of sex-related genes in fish. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the gene expression is altered remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to explore the role of DNA methylation in sex differentiation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in response to elevated temperature. The results showed that high temperature (33°C) exposure of fish from 20 to 30 days post fertilization (dpf), compared to normal temperature (28°C), resulted in male-biased sex ratio and decreased expression of female-related genes including cyp19a1a, sox9b and esr1. Meanwhile, the expressions of DNA methyltransferases dnmt3a1 and dnmt3a2, and the DNA methylation levels in sox9b and esr1 promoter were significantly increased by high temperature, strongly implying that DNA methylation is involved in high temperature-induced masculinization of zebrafish. Co-treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (a DNA methylation inhibitor) attenuated the high temperature-induced masculinizing effect, recovered the expression of esr1 and sox9b, suppressed the transcription of dnmt3a1 and dnmt3a2, and decreased the methylation of esr1 and sox9b promoter, further confirming that DNA methylation plays an important role in high temperature-induced masculinization of zebrafish. Furthermore, the methylation of sox9b promoter decreased the enrichment of transcription factor CREB (cAMP-responsive element binding proteins). Overall, these findings suggest that high temperature induce masculinization of zebrafish by down-regulation of female-related genes via DNA methylation, providing a new insight in understanding the epigenetic mechanism of thermal-mediated sex differentiation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyuan Han
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongmei Qi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sajid Naeem
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dejun Huang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China..
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Collado GA, Chihuailaf E, Muñoz-Herrera N, Contreras M, Novoa F, Valladares MA. Reproductive aspects of the poorly known and critically endangered freshwater snail Heleobia atacamensis (Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11550. [PMID: 34458016 PMCID: PMC8378341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing the reproductive biology of threatened species is essential for conservation and to establish proper management plans. Heleobia atacamensis, a freshwater snail only known from two locations in the Atacama Saltpan, northern Chile, is currently classified as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List and Critically Endangered by the Ministerio del Medio Ambiente of Chile. Based on size-frequency distribution, multivariate analysis of shell measurements, and microdissections, we studied the reproductive strategy, recruitment period, sex ratio and sexual dimorphism in this species. Heleobia atacamensis is an oviparous species, with direct development (non-planktotrophic). Females lay capsules of a single egg from which a juvenile resembling a miniature adult hatches after intracapsular metamorphosis is completed. The development type was confirmed by the observation of a paucispiral protoconch (= protoconch I) using scanning electron microscopy. Recruitment was observed across the four seasons of the year, with an increment at the end of austral summer. Results also showed that sex ratio was 1:1, whereas sexual dimorphism was not detected using univariate and multivariate analysis of the shell. The reproductive data provided in this study are a starting point for future management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo A Collado
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | - Moisés A Valladares
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
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Barragán Lara R, Grajales JG, Martínez Ramírez E. Nest temperature assessment in an American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) population on the central coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103012. [PMID: 34420642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The temperatures at which eggs of crocodilians are incubated plays an important role in embryo survival, rate of embryonic development and sex definition. The aim of this study was to assess the nest temperatures of an American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) population on the central coast of Oaxaca state in Mexico. The fieldwork was carried out from February to June 2018 at Palmasola Lagoon, Oaxaca. Ten natural nests of C. acutus were carefully excavated to determine clutch size. When putting the eggs back in the nests, we placed a data logger in the center of the egg mass to determine the temperature parameters in the nest chamber environment, as well as the variation in temperature during the incubation period. All nests were revisited to count the number of hatched eggs (NHE) and to determine the hatching success (HS), along with the duration of the incubation period (IP). Hatching success was 89.04%. The mean clutch size in the American crocodile nests was 30.7 ± 7.83 eggs (ranging from 17 to 46 eggs), and the mean incubation period was 77.6 ± 5.89 days. The mean nest incubation temperature throughout the reproductive season was significantly different among nests. Based on the average temperature during the middle third of the incubation period, the nests should have produced both sexes, but with a higher proportion of males. This study tried to elucidate the impact of nest temperatures during the incubation period on embryo survival, as well as hatchling sex ratio in a local climate on the central coast of Oaxaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Barragán Lara
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR Unidad Oaxaca), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Hornos 1003, Municipio Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, 71230, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Jesús García Grajales
- Instituto de Recursos, Universidad del Mar campus Puerto Escondido, Km. 2.5 Carretera Federal Puerto Escondido - Sola de Vega, Puerto Escondido, 71980, San Pedro Mixtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.
| | - Emilio Martínez Ramírez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR Unidad Oaxaca), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Hornos 1003, Municipio Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, 71230, Oaxaca, Mexico
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Saleh AC, Sabry R, Mastromonaco GF, Favetta LA. BPA and BPS affect the expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor during bovine oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:119. [PMID: 34344364 PMCID: PMC8330045 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bisphenol S (BPS), is widespread and has negative implications on embryonic development. Preliminary evidence revealed that in women undergoing IVF treatment, urinary BPA levels were associated with low serum anti-Mullerian hormone, however a definitive relationship between the two has not yet been characterized. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate BPA and BPS effects on in vitro oocyte maturation and early preimplantation embryo development through i) analysis of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and anti-Mullerian hormone receptor II (AMHRII), ii) investigation of developmental parameters, such as cleavage, blastocyst rates and developmental arrest, iii) detection of apoptosis and iv) assessment of possible sex ratio skew. An in vitro bovine model was used as a translational model for human early embryonic development. We first assessed AMH and AMHRII levels after bisphenol exposure during oocyte maturation. Zygotes were also analyzed during cleavage and blastocysts stages. Techniques used include in vitro fertilization, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, TUNEL and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Our findings show that BPA significantly decreased cleavage (p < 0.001), blastocyst (p < 0.005) and overall developmental rates as well as significantly increased embryonic arrest at the 2-4 cell stage (p < 0.05). Additionally, both BPA and BPS significantly increased DNA fragmentation in 2-4 cells, 8-16 cells and blastocyst embryos (p < 0.05). Furthermore, BPA and BPS alter AMH and AMHRII at the mRNA and protein level in both oocytes and blastocysts. BPA, but not BPS, also significantly skews sex ratios towards female blastocysts (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study shows that BPA affects AMH and AMHRII expression during oocyte maturation and that BPS exerts its effects to a greater extent after fertilization and therefore may not be a safer alternative to BPA. Our data lay the foundation for future functional studies, such as receptor kinetics, downstream effectors, and promoter activation/inhibition to prove a functional relationship between bisphenols and the AMH signalling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Christina Saleh
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - Reem Sabry
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - Gabriela Fabiana Mastromonaco
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
- grid.507770.20000 0001 0698 6008Reproductive Physiology, Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, Ontario Canada
| | - Laura Alessandra Favetta
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
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Nagata C, Mekaru K, Gibo K, Nakamura R, Oishi S, Miyagi M, Akamine K, Aoki Y. Sex ratio of infants born through in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: Results of a single-institution study and literature review. JBRA Assist Reprod 2021; 25:337-340. [PMID: 33507723 PMCID: PMC8312283 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The possible effects of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) on sex ratio at birth are extremely significant. This study aimed to determine whether ART affects the sex ratio of infants born through in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Materials and Methods: We ran this retrospective study on 290 singleton infants born following IVF-ET from February 2014 to August 2018 at a single institution. We compared the sex ratios of these infants with respect to insemination versus intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), early-cleavage embryo versus blastocyst transfer, fresh versus frozen-thawed embryo transfer and normal sperm versus asthenospermia. Results: There were no significant differences in the sex ratio with respect to the fertilization method, transfer time, fresh embryo or frozen-thawed embryo transfer. In addition, the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that these factors did not significantly affect the sex ratio. Conclusions: Our study indicated that the differences in the fertilization method transfer time and sperm motility rate did not affect the sex ratio of IVF live births. However, with increasing numbers of ICSI and blastocyst transfer cycles, factors possibly affecting the sex ratio need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinatsu Nagata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Keiko Mekaru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Keiya Gibo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Rie Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Sugiko Oishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Maho Miyagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Kozue Akamine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yoichi Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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