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Keov P, Christopoulos G, Hick CA, Glendorf T, Ballarín-González B, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Development of a Novel Assay for Direct Assessment of Selective Amylin Receptor Activation Reveals Novel Differences in Behavior of Selective and Nonselective Peptide Agonists. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:359-373. [PMID: 38458773 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRAs) show promise as efficacious therapeutics for treatment of metabolic disease, including obesity. However, differences in efficacy in vivo have been observed for individual DACRAs, indicating that detailed understanding of the pharmacology of these agents across target receptors is required for rational drug development. To date, such understanding has been hampered by lack of direct, subtype-selective, functional assays for the amylin receptors (AMYRs). Here, we describe the generation of receptor-specific assays for recruitment of Venus-tagged Gs protein through fusion of luciferase to either the human calcitonin receptor (CTR), human receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP)-1, RAMP1 (AMY1R), human RAMP2 (AMY2R), or human RAMP3 (AMY3R). These assays revealed a complex pattern of receptor activation by calcitonin, amylin, or DACRA peptides that was distinct at each receptor subtype. Of particular note, although both of the CT-based DACRAs, sCT and AM1784, displayed relatively similar behaviors at CTR and AMY1R, they generated distinct responses at AMY2R and AMY3R. These data aid the rationalization of in vivo differences in response to DACRA peptides in rodent models of obesity. Direct assessment of the pharmacology of novel DACRAs at AMYR subtypes is likely to be important for development of optimized therapeutics for treatment of metabolic diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Amylin receptors (AMYRs) are important obesity targets. Here we describe a novel assay that allows selective functional assessment of individual amylin receptor subtypes that provides unique insight into the pharmacology of potential therapeutic ligands. Direct assessment of the pharmacology of novel agonists at AMYR subtypes is likely to be important for development of optimized therapeutics for treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Keov
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
| | - George Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
| | - Caroline A Hick
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
| | - Tine Glendorf
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
| | - Borja Ballarín-González
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
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Peng J, Svetec N, Molina H, Zhao L. The Origin and Evolution of Sex Peptide and Sex Peptide Receptor Interactions. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae065. [PMID: 38518286 PMCID: PMC11017328 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-mating responses play a vital role in successful reproduction across diverse species. In fruit flies, sex peptide binds to the sex peptide receptor, triggering a series of post-mating responses. However, the origin of sex peptide receptor predates the emergence of sex peptide. The evolutionary origins of the interactions between sex peptide and sex peptide receptor and the mechanisms by which they interact remain enigmatic. In this study, we used ancestral sequence reconstruction, AlphaFold2 predictions, and molecular dynamics simulations to study sex peptide-sex peptide receptor interactions and their origination. Using AlphaFold2 and long-time molecular dynamics simulations, we predicted the structure and dynamics of sex peptide-sex peptide receptor interactions. We show that sex peptide potentially binds to the ancestral states of Diptera sex peptide receptor. Notably, we found that only a few amino acid changes in sex peptide receptor are sufficient for the formation of sex peptide-sex peptide receptor interactions. Ancestral sequence reconstruction and molecular dynamics simulations further reveal that sex peptide receptor interacts with sex peptide through residues that are mostly involved in the interaction interface of an ancestral ligand, myoinhibitory peptides. We propose a potential mechanism whereby sex peptide-sex peptide receptor interactions arise from the preexisting myoinhibitory peptides-sex peptide receptor interface as well as early chance events both inside and outside the preexisting interface that created novel sex peptide-specific sex peptide-sex peptide receptor interactions. Our findings provide new insights into the origin and evolution of sex peptide-sex peptide receptor interactions and their relationship with myoinhibitory peptides-sex peptide receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Peng
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Svetec
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Denecke J. Reply to: Does the KDEL receptor cycle between the Golgi and the ER? Nat Commun 2024; 15:2454. [PMID: 38509079 PMCID: PMC10954661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Denecke
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Aniento F, Robinson DG. Does the KDEL receptor cycle between the Golgi and the ER? Nat Commun 2024; 15:2455. [PMID: 38509061 PMCID: PMC10954686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aniento
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - David G Robinson
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Univ. Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Wang S, DeLeon C, Sun W, Quake SR, Roth BL, Südhof TC. Alternative splicing of latrophilin-3 controls synapse formation. Nature 2024; 626:128-135. [PMID: 38233523 PMCID: PMC10830413 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The assembly and specification of synapses in the brain is incompletely understood1-3. Latrophilin-3 (encoded by Adgrl3, also known as Lphn3)-a postsynaptic adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor-mediates synapse formation in the hippocampus4 but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here we show in mice that LPHN3 organizes synapses through a convergent dual-pathway mechanism: activation of Gαs signalling and recruitment of phase-separated postsynaptic protein scaffolds. We found that cell-type-specific alternative splicing of Lphn3 controls the LPHN3 G-protein-coupling mode, resulting in LPHN3 variants that predominantly signal through Gαs or Gα12/13. CRISPR-mediated manipulation of Lphn3 alternative splicing that shifts LPHN3 from a Gαs- to a Gα12/13-coupled mode impaired synaptic connectivity as severely as the overall deletion of Lphn3, suggesting that Gαs signalling by LPHN3 splice variants mediates synapse formation. Notably, Gαs-coupled, but not Gα12/13-coupled, splice variants of LPHN3 also recruit phase-transitioned postsynaptic protein scaffold condensates, such that these condensates are clustered by binding of presynaptic teneurin and FLRT ligands to LPHN3. Moreover, neuronal activity promotes alternative splicing of the synaptogenic Gαs-coupled variant of LPHN3. Together, these data suggest that activity-dependent alternative splicing of a key synaptic adhesion molecule controls synapse formation by parallel activation of two convergent pathways: Gαs signalling and clustered phase separation of postsynaptic protein scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Chelsea DeLeon
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Al Mansour L, De Mestier L, Haissaguerre M, Afchain P, Hadoux J, Lecomte T, Morland D, Cottereau AS, De Rycke O, Tlili G, Tordo J, Janier M, Deville A, Walter T. Outcome on Mesenteric Mass Response of Small-Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors Treated by 177Lu-DOTATATE Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy: The MesenLuth Study, a National Study from the French Group of Endocrine Tumors and Endocan-RENATEN Network. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:258-263. [PMID: 38212066 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A mesenteric mass (MM), characterized by fibrotic reaction, is present in most small-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs). 177Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has shown its efficacy in patients with progressive SI-NETs. However, because of specific tissue characteristics of desmoplastic MMs, we hypothesize that these lesions may be refractory to 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT. Methods: From the national French Groupe d'étude des Tumeurs Endocrines database, we identified patients with an advanced SI-NET and a MM (≥2 cm with a retractile aspect) of a SI-NET treated by at least 1 course of 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT. The primary endpoint was a MM objective response rate (ORR) of less than 5%. Secondary endpoints were metabolic response, MM-related safety, and clinical response, as well as MM progression-free survival (PFS) and non-MM PFS. Results: In total, 52 patients were included. The MM ORR was 4% (n = 2), and the non-MM ORR was 8% (n = 4). No patient had a MM metabolic response, and the non-MM metabolic response rate was 12% (n = 6). Among the 26 patients with baseline MM-related symptoms, 46% had a clinical response. Four patients presented with gastrointestinal complications during PRRT. The median MM-related PFS was not reached, and the non-MM PFS was 50.3 mo (95% CI, 38.2-61.7 mo). Conclusion: This study confirms that 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT does not lead to morphologic response on MMs (ORR < 5%). However, it allows MM stability, with few MM-related side effects, and has a relevant impact on MM-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Al Mansour
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Louis De Mestier
- Service de Pancréatologie et Oncologie Digestive, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité, Clichy, France
| | - Magalie Haissaguerre
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Pauline Afchain
- Service d'Oncologie, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julien Hadoux
- Service d'Oncologie, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Thierry Lecomte
- Service de d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie et de Cancérologie Digestive, CHRU Hôpitaux de Tours, Tours, France
| | - David Morland
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire et Centre de Recherche en STIC EA 3804, Institut Godinot, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Anne Segolene Cottereau
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ophelie De Rycke
- Service de Pancréatologie et Oncologie Digestive, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Cité, Clichy, France
| | - Ghoufrane Tlili
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérémie Tordo
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marc Janier
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Agathe Deville
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Thomas Walter
- Service d'Oncologie Digestive, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; and
- Gastro-entérologie et Technologies pour la Santé, Unité de Recherche, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM, Lyon, France
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Hopkins BR, Angus-Henry A, Kim BY, Carlisle JA, Thompson A, Kopp A. Decoupled evolution of the Sex Peptide gene family and Sex Peptide Receptor in Drosophilidae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312380120. [PMID: 38215185 PMCID: PMC10801855 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312380120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Across internally fertilising species, males transfer ejaculate proteins that trigger wide-ranging changes in female behaviour and physiology. Much theory has been developed to explore the drivers of ejaculate protein evolution. The accelerating availability of high-quality genomes now allows us to test how these proteins are evolving at fine taxonomic scales. Here, we use genomes from 264 species to chart the evolutionary history of Sex Peptide (SP), a potent regulator of female post-mating responses in Drosophila melanogaster. We infer that SP first evolved in the Drosophilinae subfamily and has since followed markedly different evolutionary trajectories in different lineages. Outside of the Sophophora-Lordiphosa, SP exists largely as a single-copy gene with independent losses in several lineages. Within the Sophophora-Lordiphosa, the SP gene family has repeatedly and independently expanded. Up to seven copies, collectively displaying extensive sequence variation, are present in some species. Despite these changes, SP expression remains restricted to the male reproductive tract. Alongside, we document considerable interspecific variation in the presence and morphology of seminal microcarriers that, despite the critical role SP plays in microcarrier assembly in D. melanogaster, appears to be independent of changes in the presence/absence or sequence of SP. We end by providing evidence that SP's evolution is decoupled from that of its receptor, Sex Peptide Receptor, in which we detect no evidence of correlated diversifying selection. Collectively, our work describes the divergent evolutionary trajectories that a novel gene has taken following its origin and finds a surprisingly weak coevolutionary signal between a supposedly sexually antagonistic protein and its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben R. Hopkins
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Aidan Angus-Henry
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Bernard Y. Kim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Jolie A. Carlisle
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Ammon Thompson
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Artyom Kopp
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
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Rahman MT, Chaminda Lakmal HH, Hussain J, Jin C. Targeting the relaxin-3/RXFP3 system: a patent review for the last two decades. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:71-81. [PMID: 38573177 PMCID: PMC11027024 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2338099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuropeptide relaxin-3/RXFP3 system belongs to the relaxin/insulin superfamily and is involved in many important physiological processes, such as stress responses, appetite control, and motivation for reward. Although relaxin-3 is the endogenous agonist for RXFP3, it can also bind to and activate RXFP1 and RXFP4. Consequently, research has been focused on the development of RXFP3-specific peptides and small-molecule ligands to validate the relaxin-3/RXFP3 system as a novel drug target. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of patents on the relaxin-3/RXFP3 system covering ligand development and pharmacological studies since 2003. Related patents and literature reports were obtained from established sources including SciFinder, Google Patents, and Espacenet for patents and SciFinder, PubMed, and Google Scholar for literature reports. EXPERT OPINION There has been an increasing amount of patent activities around relaxin-3/RXFP3, highlighting the importance of this novel neuropeptide system for drug discovery. The development of relaxin-3 derived peptides and small-molecule modulators, as well as behavioral studies in rodents, have shown that the relaxin-3/RXFP3 system is a promising drug target for treating various metabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases including obesity, anxiety, and alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Toufiqur Rahman
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Javeena Hussain
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Chunyang Jin
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Zhang J, Sun Z, Su W, Wang Z, Meng W, Chang Y. A signal recognition particle receptor gene from the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22973. [PMID: 38151522 PMCID: PMC10752883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal recognition particle (SRP) system delivers approximately 30% of the proteome to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. SRP receptor alpha (SRα) binds to SRP for targeting nascent secreted proteins to the ER membrane in eukaryotic cells. In this study, the SRα homologous gene was identified in the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (AjSRα). AjSRα codes for 641 amino acids and has 54.94% identity with its mammalian homologs. Like mammalian SRα, it is expected to contain the SRP-alpha N domain, SRP54_N domain, and SRP54 domain. In addition, AjSRα is ubiquitously expressed in adult tissues and exhibits a sexually dimorphic expression pattern, with significantly higher expression in ovaries compared to testes. As a maternal factor, AjSRα can be continuously detected during embryonic development. Importantly, we first attempted to investigate its function by using lentiviral vectors for delivering SRα gene-specific shRNA, and we revealed that lentiviral vectors do not induce an upregulation of immune-related enzymes in sea cucumbers. However, compared to the dsRNA-based RNA interference (RNAi) method, lentivirus-mediated RNAi caused dynamic changes in gene expression at a later time. This study supplied the technical support for studying the functional mechanism of SRα in sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Weiyi Su
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zengdong Wang
- Shandong Anyuan Aquaculture Co. Ltd, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Weihan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Liuzzi F, Taggi M, De Carlini S, La Marca A. Anti-Müllerian Hormone promotes human osteoblast differentiation and calcification by modulating osteogenic gene expression. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2276163. [PMID: 37913790 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2276163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), an ovarian hormone belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor β superfamily, may represent a possible candidate for use as a bone anabolic factor. METHODS We performed in vitro studies on Human Osteoblasts (HOb) to evaluate the expression and the functionality of AMHRII, the AMH receptor type-2, and investigate the effects of exogenous AMH exposure on osteogenic gene expression and osteoblast functions. RESULTS We reported the first evidence for the expression and functionality of AMHRII in HOb cells, thus suggesting that osteoblasts may represent a specific target for exogenous AMH treatment. Furthermore, the exposure to AMH exerted a stimulatory effect on HOb cells leading to the activation of osteogenic genes, including the upregulation of osteoblastic transcription factors such as RUNX and OSX, along with increased deposition of mineralized nodules. CONCLUSION Our findings proved interesting clues on the stimulatory effects of AMH on mature osteoblasts expressing its specific receptor, AMHRII. This study may therefore have translation value in opening the perspective that AMH may be an effective candidate to counteract the bone loss in osteoporotic patients by selectively targeting osteoblast with minimal off-target effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Liuzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marilena Taggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Serena De Carlini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio La Marca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Liu D, Ceddia RP, Zhang W, Shi F, Fang H, Collins S. Discovery of another mechanism for the inhibition of particulate guanylyl cyclases by the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307882120. [PMID: 37399424 PMCID: PMC10334801 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307882120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) control pivotal physiological actions such as fluid and electrolyte balance, cardiovascular homeostasis, and adipose tissue metabolism by activating their receptor enzymes [natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) and natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPRB)]. These receptors are homodimers that generate intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPRC), nicknamed the clearance receptor, lacks a guanylyl cyclase domain; instead, it can bind the NPs to internalize and degrade them. The conventional paradigm is that by competing for and internalizing NPs, NPRC blunts the ability of NPs to signal through NPRA and NPRB. Here we show another previously unknown mechanism by which NPRC can interfere with the cGMP signaling function of the NP receptors. By forming a heterodimer with monomeric NPRA or NPRB, NPRC can prevent the formation of a functional guanylyl cyclase domain and thereby suppress cGMP production in a cell-autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianxin Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN37232
| | - Ryan P. Ceddia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN37232
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN37232
| | - Fubiao Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN37232
| | - Huafeng Fang
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL32827
| | - Sheila Collins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN37232
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232
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12
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Hu Z, Fang H, Zhu C, Gu S, Ding S, Yu J, Shi K. Ubiquitylation of PHYTOSULFOKINE RECEPTOR 1 modulates the defense response in tomato. Plant Physiol 2023; 192:2507-2522. [PMID: 36946197 PMCID: PMC10315268 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a danger-associated molecular pattern recognized by PHYTOSULFOKINE RECEPTOR 1 (PSKR1) and initiates intercellular signaling to coordinate different physiological processes, especially in the defense response to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The activity of peptide receptors is largely influenced by different posttranslational modifications, which determine intercellular peptide signal outputs. To date, the posttranslational modification to PHYTOSULFOKINE RECEPTOR 1 (PSKR1) remains largely unknown. Here, we show that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) PSKR1 is regulated by the ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway. Using multiple protein-protein interactions and ubiquitylation analyses, we identified that plant U-box E3 ligases PUB12 and PUB13 interacted with PSKR1, among which PUB13 caused PSKR1 ubiquitylation at Lys-748 and Lys-905 sites to control PSKR1 abundance. However, this posttranslational modification was attenuated upon addition of PSK. Moreover, the disease symptoms observed in PUB13 knock-down and overexpression lines demonstrated that PUB13 significantly suppressed the PSK-initiated defense response. This highlights an important regulatory function for the turnover of a peptide receptor by E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitylation in the plant defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Hanmo Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changan Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shaohan Gu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuting Ding
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China
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13
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Weich A, Serfling SE, Rowe SP, Solnes LB, Buck AK, Higuchi T, Werner RA. Partial Response Upon Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in a Highly Proliferative Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:547-548. [PMID: 36928302 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We report on a patient diagnosed with an aggressive pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET G3; Ki67 = 60%), who underwent pancreatic resection with partial removal of liver lesions. The patient refused chemotherapy. Dual-tracer imaging with 18 F-FDG and somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted PET/CT was conducted. Radiotracer accumulation on both imaging modalities in bilobar hepatic lesions was observed. "Cold" somatostatin analogues with four cycles of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) were initiated, leading to partial response. Even in highly proliferative but differentiated G3 NET (Ki67>55%), SSTR expression in sites of disease should be evaluated, which may then allow PRRT, even as first-line systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven P Rowe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lilja B Solnes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andreas K Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Guan T, Guo B, Zhang W, Qi M, Luo X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Bao T, Xu M, Liu M, Liu Y. The activation of gastric inhibitory peptide/gastric inhibitory peptide receptor axis via sonic hedgehog signaling promotes the bridging of gapped nerves in sciatic nerve injury. J Neurochem 2023; 165:842-859. [PMID: 36971732 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells play an essential role in peripheral nerve regeneration by generating a favorable microenvironment. Gastric inhibitory peptide/gastric inhibitory peptide receptor (GIP/GIPR) axis deficiency leads to failure of sciatic nerve repair. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we surprisingly found that GIP treatment significantly enhances the migration of Schwann cells and the formation of Schwann cell cords during recovery from sciatic nerve injury in rats. We further revealed that GIP and GIPR levels in Schwann cells were low under normal conditions, and significantly increased after injury demonstrated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Wound healing and Transwell assays showed that GIP stimulation and GIPR silencing could affect Schwann cell migration. In vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies based on interference experiment revealed that GIP/GIPR might promote mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) activity, thus facilitating cell migration; Rap1 activation might be involved in this process. Finally, we retrieved the stimulatory factors responsible for GIPR induction after injury. The results indicate that sonic hedgehog (SHH) is a potential candidate whose expression increased upon injury. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that Gli3, the target transcription factor of the SHH pathway, dramatically augmented GIPR expression. Additionally, in vivo inhibition of SHH could effectively reduce GIPR expression after sciatic nerve injury. Collectively, our study reveals the importance of GIP/GIPR signaling in Schwann cell migration, providing a therapeutic avenue toward peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuchen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Beibei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Mengwei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Tiancheng Bao
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Man Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
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15
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Alvim JC, Bolt RM, An J, Kamisugi Y, Cuming A, Silva-Alvim FAL, Concha JO, daSilva LLP, Hu M, Hirsz D, Denecke J. The K/HDEL receptor does not recycle but instead acts as a Golgi-gatekeeper. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1612. [PMID: 36959220 PMCID: PMC10036638 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately measuring the ability of the K/HDEL receptor (ERD2) to retain the ER cargo Amy-HDEL has questioned earlier results on which the popular receptor recycling model is based upon. Here we demonstrate that ERD2 Golgi-retention, rather than fast ER export supports its function. Ligand-induced ERD2 redistribution is only observed when the C-terminus is masked or mutated, compromising the signal that prevents Golgi-to-ER transport of the receptor. Forcing COPI mediated retrograde transport destroys receptor function, but introducing ER-to-Golgi export or cis-Golgi retention signals re-activate ERD2 when its endogenous Golgi-retention signal is masked or deleted. We propose that ERD2 remains fixed as a Golgi gatekeeper, capturing K/HDEL proteins when they arrive and releasing them again into a subdomain for retrograde transport back to the ER. An in vivo ligand:receptor ratio far greater than 100 to 1 strongly supports this model, and the underlying mechanism appears to be extremely conserved across kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C Alvim
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Robert M Bolt
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jing An
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yasuko Kamisugi
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew Cuming
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Fernanda A L Silva-Alvim
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Juan O Concha
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meiyi Hu
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dominique Hirsz
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jurgen Denecke
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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16
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Phoomak C, Rinis N, Baro M, Shrimal S, Bennett D, Shaffer SA, Lehrman M, Gilmore R, Contessa JN. Signal recognition particle receptor-β (SR-β) coordinates cotranslational N-glycosylation. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade8079. [PMID: 36921042 PMCID: PMC10017033 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteins destined for the secretory compartment of the cell are cotranslationally translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum. The majority of these proteins are N-glycosylated, a co- and posttranslational modification that ensures proper protein folding, stability, solubility, and cellular localization. Here, we show that the [Formula: see text] subunit of the signal recognition particle receptor (SR) is required for assembly of the N-glycosylation-competent translocon. We report that guanine analog chemical probes identified by high-throughput screening or mutation of the SR-[Formula: see text] guanosine triphosphate binding site cause an N-glycosylation-deficient phenotype. Neither method alters the association of SR-[Formula: see text] with SR-[Formula: see text], but both approaches reduce the association of SR-[Formula: see text] with the oligosaccharyltransferase complex. These experiments demonstrate that SR-[Formula: see text] has a previously unrecognized function coordinating endoplasmic reticulum translation with N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Phoomak
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natalie Rinis
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Marta Baro
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Shiteshu Shrimal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Daniel Bennett
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Scott A. Shaffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA 01545, USA
| | - Mark Lehrman
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6001 Forest Park Rd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Reid Gilmore
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Joseph N. Contessa
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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17
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Liu C, Xu S, Liu Q, Chai H, Luo Y, Li S. Identification of immune cells infiltrating in hippocampus and key genes associated with Alzheimer's disease. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:53. [PMID: 36915078 PMCID: PMC10009990 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia and is primarily associated with memory impairment and cognitive decline, but the etiology of AD has not been elucidated. In recent years, evidence has shown that immune cells play critical roles in AD pathology. In the current study, we collected the transcriptomic data of the hippocampus from gene expression omnibus database, and investigated the effect of immune cell infiltration in the hippocampus on AD, and analyzed the key genes that influence the pathogenesis of AD patients. The results revealed that the relative abundance of immune cells in the hippocampus of AD patients was altered. Of all given 28 kinds of immune cells, monocytes were the important immune cell associated with AD. We identified 4 key genes associated with both AD and monocytes, including KDELR1, SPTAN1, CDC16 and RBBP6, and they differentially expressed in 5XFAD mice and WT mice. The logistic regression and random forest models based on the 4 key genes could effectively distinguish AD from healthy samples. Our research provided a new perspective on immunotherapy for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Sutong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Qiulu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Huazhen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yuping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Siguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
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18
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Jeon BW, Kim JS, Oh E, Kang NY, Kim J. ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR1 (RGF1)-RGF1 INSENSITIVE 1 peptide-receptor pair inhibits lateral root development via the MPK6-PUCHI module in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:1475-1488. [PMID: 36516421 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR1 (RGF1) and its receptors RGF1 INSENSITIVEs (RGIs) regulate primary root meristem activity via a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) signaling cascade in Arabidopsis. However, it is unknown how RGF1 regulates lateral root (LR) development. Here, we show that the RGF1-RGI1 peptide-receptor pair negatively regulates LR development via activation of PUCHI encoding AP2/EREBP. Exogenous RGF1 peptides inhibited LR development of the wild type. However, the rgi1 mutants were partially or fully insensitive to RGF1 during LR development, whereas four other rgi single mutants, namely rgi2, rgi3, rgi4, and rgi5, were sensitive to RGF1 in inhibiting LR formation. Consistent with this, the red fluorescent protein (RFP) signals driven by the RGF1 promoter were detected at stage I and the following stages, overlapping with RGI1 expression. PUCHI expression was significantly up-regulated by RGF1 but completely inhibited in rgi1. LR development of puchi1-1 was insensitive to RGF1. PUCHI expression driven by the RGI1 promoter reduced LR density in both the wild type and rgi1,2,3. Further, mpk6, but not mpk3, displayed significantly down-regulated PUCHI expression and insensitive LR development in response to RGF1. Collectively, these results suggest that the RGF1-RGI1 module negatively regulates LR development by activating PUCHI expression via MPK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Wook Jeon
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jin Sun Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Eunkyoo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Na Young Kang
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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19
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Scholz N, Dahse AK, Kemkemer M, Bormann A, Auger GM, Vieira Contreras F, Ernst LF, Staake H, Körner MB, Buhlan M, Meyer-Mölck A, Chung YK, Blanco-Redondo B, Klose F, Jarboui MA, Ljaschenko D, Bigl M, Langenhan T. Molecular sensing of mechano- and ligand-dependent adhesion GPCR dissociation. Nature 2023; 615:945-953. [PMID: 36890234 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) bear notable similarity to Notch proteins1, a class of surface receptors poised for mechano-proteolytic activation2-4, including an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cleavage5-8. However, so far there is no unifying explanation for why aGPCRs are autoproteolytically processed. Here we introduce a genetically encoded sensor system to detect the dissociation events of aGPCR heterodimers into their constituent N-terminal and C-terminal fragments (NTFs and CTFs, respectively). An NTF release sensor (NRS) of the neural latrophilin-type aGPCR Cirl (ADGRL)9-11, from Drosophila melanogaster, is stimulated by mechanical force. Cirl-NRS activation indicates that receptor dissociation occurs in neurons and cortex glial cells. The release of NTFs from cortex glial cells requires trans-interaction between Cirl and its ligand, the Toll-like receptor Tollo (Toll-8)12, on neural progenitor cells, whereas expressing Cirl and Tollo in cis suppresses dissociation of the aGPCR. This interaction is necessary to control the size of the neuroblast pool in the central nervous system. We conclude that receptor autoproteolysis enables non-cell-autonomous activities of aGPCRs, and that the dissociation of aGPCRs is controlled by their ligand expression profile and by mechanical force. The NRS system will be helpful in elucidating the physiological roles and signal modulators of aGPCRs, which constitute a large untapped reservoir of drug targets for cardiovascular, immune, neuropsychiatric and neoplastic diseases13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Scholz
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anne-Kristin Dahse
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marguerite Kemkemer
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Bormann
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Genevieve M Auger
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fernando Vieira Contreras
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lucia F Ernst
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Staake
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marek B Körner
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Buhlan
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Amelie Meyer-Mölck
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yin Kwan Chung
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beatriz Blanco-Redondo
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Klose
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ali Jarboui
- Core Facility for Medical Bioanalytics, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Ljaschenko
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marina Bigl
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Langenhan
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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Di Guglielmo MD, Holbrook J, Stabley D, Robbins KM, Boyce B, Hardy H, Adeyemi A. The Intestinal Tract Brush Border in Young Children Uniformly Expresses Guanylate Cyclase C. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:154-162. [PMID: 36735491 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined staining of guanylate cyclase C (GCC/GUCY2C) in the small and large intestines of children younger than age 7 years. Normal intestinal tissue from children aged 0 to 7 years was stained using GCC, uroguanylin, and villin antibodies and scored for staining intensity. A subset underwent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using t test of independent means, descriptive statistics, and logistic regression. Four hundred sixty-four specimens underwent immunohistochemistry; 291 specimens underwent real-time polymerase chain reaction. GCC, villin, and uroguanylin were detected across age groups and anatomic sites. No significant differences were identifiable across age groups. GUCY2C and uroguanylin mRNA was detected in all samples, with no variability of statistical significance of either target-to-villin normalization between any age cohorts. A gradient of expression of GCC across age groups does not seem to exist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Holbrook
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware Valley, DE
| | - Deborah Stabley
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware Valley, DE
| | - Katherine M Robbins
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware Valley, DE
| | - Bobbie Boyce
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware Valley, DE
| | - Heather Hardy
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware Valley, DE
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Guo Q, Chen W, Sun J, Zhao C, Bai X, Zhang Y, Liu K, Zhang L, Shao S. Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton activates an immune response in cervical tissue via stimulating FPR3 to enhance dendritic cell-mediated Th1 differentiation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117545. [PMID: 36936958 PMCID: PMC10018199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (Nr-CWS) has proven to be a successful medicine for therapy of cervical human papillomavirus infection. The mechanism of action of Nr-CWS is unclear but may involve a stimulatory effect on the host immune system. We previously found that CD4+ T cells were increased in cervical tissue after Nr-CWS treatment. Microarray data from these cervical tissues revealed the significant upregulation of formylated peptide receptor 3 (FPR3). This study aimed to explore the role of Nr-CWS in immunomodulatory based on these findings. Examination of CD4+ T cell subsets in cervical tissue from patients who received Nr-CWS revealed substantial increases in Th1 cytokines and transcription factors. The regulatory effects of Nr-CWS on the function and phenotype of dendritic cells (DCs) were assessed in comparison with the traditional DC maturation inducer lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Similar to LPS, Nr-CWS potently induced DC maturation and interleukin-12 (IL-12) secretion. Differentiation of T cells induced by Nr-CWS stimulated DCs was assessed using the mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. Significant differentiation towards Th1 was evident. Finally, FPR3 expression in DCs in response to Nr-CWS and LPS was measured. Nr-CWS potently upregulated FPR3 expression, while the LPS did not. Silencing FPR3 in DCs reduced Nr-CWS-induced IL-12 production and Th1 cell polarization in co-cultured T cells. The collective findings indicate that Nr-CWS may target FPR3 on the surface of DC cells and activate a Th1-type immune response. The findings clarify the basis of the antiviral immune effects of Nr-CWS on human papillomavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junyi Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunfang Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Suxia Shao,
| | - Suxia Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Suxia Shao,
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Perry-Hauser NA, VanDyck MW, Lee KH, Shi L, Javitch JA. Disentangling autoproteolytic cleavage from tethered agonist-dependent activation of the adhesion receptor ADGRL3. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102594. [PMID: 36244455 PMCID: PMC9674912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor latrophilin 3 (ADGRL3), a cell adhesion molecule highly expressed in the central nervous system, acts in synapse formation through trans interactions with its ligands. It is largely unknown if these interactions serve a purely adhesive function or can modulate G protein signaling. To assess how different structural elements of ADGRL3 (e.g., the adhesive domains, autoproteolytic cleavage site, or tethered agonist (TA)) impact receptor function, we require constructs that disrupt specific receptor features without impacting others. While we showed previously that mutating conserved Phe and Met residues in the TA of ADGRL3-C-terminal fragment (CTF), a CTF truncated to the G protein-coupled receptor proteolysis site, abolishes receptor-mediated G protein activation, we now find that autoproteolytic cleavage is disrupted in the full-length version of this construct. To identify a construct that disrupts TA-dependent activity without impacting proteolysis, we explored other mutations in the TA. We found that mutating the sixth and seventh residues of the TA, Leu and Met, to Ala impaired activity in a serum response element activity assay for both full-length and CTF constructs. We confirmed this activity loss results from impaired G protein coupling using an assay that acutely exposes the TA through controlled proteolysis. The ADGRL3 mutant expresses normally at the cell surface, and immunoblotting shows that it undergoes normal autoproteolysis. Thus, we found a construct that disrupts tethered agonism while retaining autoproteolytic cleavage, providing a tool to disentangle these functions in vivo. Our approach and specific findings are likely to be broadly applicable to other adhesion receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Perry-Hauser
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Max W VanDyck
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA
| | - Kuo Hao Lee
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.
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23
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Burman P, Trouillas J, Losa M, McCormack A, Petersenn S, Popovic V, Theodoropoulou M, Raverot G, Dekkers OM. Aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas, characteristics and management of 171 patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:593-605. [PMID: 36018781 PMCID: PMC9513638 DOI: 10.1530/eje-22-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical and pathological characteristics and treatment outcomes in a large cohort of aggressive pituitary tumours (APT)/pituitary carcinomas (PC). DESIGN Electronic survey August 2020-May 2021. RESULTS 96% of 171 (121 APT, 50 PC), initially presented as macro/giant tumours, 6 were microadenomas (5 corticotroph). Ninety-seven tumours, initially considered clinically benign, demonstrated aggressive behaviour after 5.5 years (IQR: 2.8-12). Of the patients, 63% were men. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting tumours constituted 30% of the APT/PC, and the gonadotroph subtypes were under-represented. Five out of 13 silent corticotroph tumours and 2/6 silent somatotroph tumours became secreting. Metastases were observed after median 6.3 years (IQR 3.7-12.1) from diagnosis. At the first surgery, the Ki67 index was ≥3% in 74/93 (80%) and ≥10% in 38/93 (41%) tumours. An absolute increase of Ki67 ≥ 10% after median of 6 years from the first surgery occurred in 18/49 examined tumours. Tumours with an aggressive course from outset had higher Ki67, mitotic counts, and p53. Temozolomide treatment in 156/171 patients resulted in complete response in 9.6%, partial response in 30.1%, stable disease in 28.1%, and progressive disease in 32.2% of the patients. Treatment with bevacizumab, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy resulted in partial regression in 1/10, 1/6, and 3/11, respectively. Median survival in APT and PC was 17.2 and 11.3 years, respectively. Tumours with Ki67 ≥ 10% and ACTH-secretion were associated with worse prognosis. CONCLUSION APT/PCs exhibit a wide and challenging spectrum of behaviour. Temozolomide is the first-line chemotherapy, and other oncological therapies are emerging. Treatment response continues to be difficult to predict with currently studied biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Burman
- Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to P Burman;
| | | | - Marco Losa
- Marco Losa Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ann McCormack
- St Vincent’s Hospital and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Marily Theodoropoulou
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Gerald Raverot
- Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon-Est de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Olaf M Dekkers
- Department of Internal Medicine (Section Endocrinology) & Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Pozas J, Alonso-Gordoa T, Román MS, Santoni M, Thirlwell C, Grande E, Molina-Cerrillo J. Novel therapeutic approaches in GEP-NETs based on genetic and epigenetic alterations. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188804. [PMID: 36152904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are heterogeneous malignancies with distinct prognosis based on primary tumor localization, grade, stage and functionality. Surgery remains the only curative option in localized tumors, but systemic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced disease. For decades, the therapeutic landscape of GEP-NETs was limited to chemotherapy regimens with low response rates. The arrival of novel agents such as somatostatin analogues, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors or mTOR-targeted drugs, has changed the therapeutic paradigm of GEP-NETs. However, the efficacy of these agents is limited in time and there is scarce knowledge of optimal treatment sequencing. In recent years, massive parallel sequencing techniques have started to unravel the genomic intricacies of these tumors, allowing us to better understand the mechanisms of resistance to current treatments and to develop new targeted agents that will hopefully start an era for personalized treatment in NETs. In this review we aim to summarize the most relevant genomic aberrations and signaling pathways underlying GEP-NET tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic strategies derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pozas
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Medicine School, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Medicine School, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria San Román
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Medicine School, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Enrique Grande
- Medical Oncology Ddepartment. MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Molina-Cerrillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Medicine School, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain.
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Hechter D, Vahkal B, Tiede T, Good SV. Reviewing the physiological roles of the novel hormone-receptor pair INSL5-RXFP4: a protective energy sensor? J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:R45-R62. [PMID: 35521762 DOI: 10.1530/jme-21-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is no common consensus on the physiological role of insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) and its cognate receptor, relaxin family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4). The experimental data for INSL5-RXFP4 expression and function point to a potential role of the peptide hormone and receptor pair in linking energy availability, homeostasis, and inflammation. In this review, we summarize studies on the INSL5-RXFP4 system and propose that the current findings from diverse experimental settings point broadly to a role as a protective energy sensor (PES). Specifically, we review the evidence that (1) INSL5-RXFP4 could regulate immune response by decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and may be involved in the stress response via the HPA axis; (2) INSL5-RXFP4 may signal through sensory neurons on the vagus nerve, transmitting signals to the CNS; and (3) INSL5-RXFP4 could have local autocrine/paracrine roles within the intestinal tract and immune cells. Further investigation and clarification of these proposed roles of INSL5-RXFP4 may prove a greater physiological relevance for the pair and add to existing evidence of INSL5-RXFP4 role as a PES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake Hechter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brett Vahkal
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiana Tiede
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sara V Good
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Bedenk J, Režen T, Železnik Ramuta T, Jančar N, Vrtačnik Bokal E, Geršak K, Virant Klun I. Recombinant anti-Müllerian hormone in the maturation medium improves the in vitro maturation of human immature (GV) oocytes after controlled ovarian hormonal stimulation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:18. [PMID: 35073905 PMCID: PMC8785574 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is a laboratory method that allows the maturation of immature (GV) oocytes retrieved from patients enrolled in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme. However, this method is still sparsely researched and used in clinical practice, leading to suboptimal clinical results. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an important hormone with known effects on human ovaries, especially on follicles (follicular cells) during folliculogenesis. In contrast, the effect of AMH on the human oocyte itself is unknown. Therefore, we wanted to determine whether human oocytes express AMH receptor 2 (AMHR2) for this hormone. Recombinant AMH was added to the IVM medium to determine whether it affected oocyte maturation. METHODS In total, 247 human oocytes (171 immature and 76 mature) were collected from patients enrolled in the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) programme who were aged 20 to 43 years and underwent a short antagonist protocol of ovarian stimulation. The expression of AMHR2 protein and AMHR2 gene was analysed in immature and mature oocytes. Additionally, maturation of GV oocytes was performed in vitro in different maturation media with or without added AMH to evaluate the effect of AMH on the oocyte maturation rate. RESULTS Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy revealed that AMHR2 protein is expressed in both immature and mature human oocytes. AMHR2 was expressed in a spotted pattern throughout the whole oocyte. The IVM procedure revealed that AMH in maturation medium improved GV oocyte maturation in vitro, as all oocytes were successfully matured in maturation medium containing recombinant AMH only. Furthermore, antagonism between AMH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during the maturation process was observed, with fewer oocytes maturing when both AMH and FSH were added to the maturation medium. Finally, AMHR2 gene expression was found in immature and in vitro matured oocytes but absent in mature oocytes. CONCLUSIONS The positive AMHR2 protein and AMHR2 gene expression in human oocytes shows that AMH could directly act on human oocytes. This was further functionally confirmed by the IVM procedure. These findings suggest the potential clinical application of recombinant AMH to improve IVM of human oocytes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Bedenk
- Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tadeja Režen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Jančar
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eda Vrtačnik Bokal
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ksenija Geršak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irma Virant Klun
- Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Lee CS, Cho HJ, Lee JW, Son HJ, Lee J, Kang M, Kim HS. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:332-342. [PMID: 35356977 PMCID: PMC8968580 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering cell–surface markers based on a comprehensive understanding of development is utilized to isolate a particular cell type with high purity for therapeutic purposes. Given that latrophilin-2 (Lphn2) substantially contributes to cardiac differentiation, we examined whether Lphn2 regulates functional significance in heart development and repair. We performed whole-mount immunostaining followed by clearing technique of embryo, RNA sequencing related to Lphn2-knockout (KO) embryo, and in vivo functional analyses of Lphn2+ cells using echocardiography. After immunostaining the cleared embryo sample, Lphn2 was exclusively observed in cardiac cells expressing α-sarcomeric actinin at embryonic days E9.5 and E10.5. Homozygous Lphn2-KO mice were embryonically lethal and showed underdevelopment of the ventricular myocardium. However, Lphn2 was not required to develop vessels, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. For the purpose of cardiac regeneration, we transplanted pluripotent stem cell (PSC)–derived Lphn2+ cells into the infarcted heart. PSC–derived Lphn2+ cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes and regenerated the myocardium when transplanted into the infarcted heart, unlike Lphn2− cells. Transplanted Lphn2+ cells improved left-ventricle systolic function and reduced infarct size. We demonstrated that Lphn2 exhibits potential as a cardiomyogenic marker to facilitate targeted stem cell therapy for heart repair in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Corresponding author: Hyun-Jai Cho, MD, Ph.D., Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea. Tel: +82 2 2072 3931; Fax: +82 2 3675 0805. E-mail: ;
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Son
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minjun Kang
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Chen TY, Li X, Goobie GC, Hung CH, Hung TK, Hamilton K, Bahudhanapati H, Tan J, Kass DJ, Zhang Y. Identification of a distal RXFP1 gene enhancer with differential activity in fibrotic lung fibroblasts involving AP-1. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0254466. [PMID: 34972106 PMCID: PMC8719731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) mediates relaxin’s antifibrotic effects and has reduced expression in the lung and skin of patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD) including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). This may explain the failure of relaxin-based anti-fibrotic treatments in SSc, but the regulatory mechanisms controlling RXFP1 expression remain largely unknown. This study aimed to identify regulatory elements of RXFP1 that may function differentially in fibrotic fibroblasts. We identified and evaluated a distal regulatory region of RXFP1 in lung fibroblasts using a luciferase reporter system. Using serial deletions, an enhancer upregulating pGL3-promoter activity was localized to the distal region between -584 to -242bp from the distal transcription start site (TSS). This enhancer exhibited reduced activity in IPF and SSc lung fibroblasts. Bioinformatic analysis identified two clusters of activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor binding sites within the enhancer. Site-directed mutagenesis of the binding sites confirmed that only one cluster reduced activity (-358 to -353 relative to distal TSS). Co-expression of FOS in lung fibroblasts further increased enhancer activity. In vitro complex formation with a labeled probe spanning the functional AP-1 site using nuclear proteins isolated from lung fibroblasts confirmed a specific DNA/protein complex formation. Application of antibodies against JUN and FOS resulted in the complex alteration, while antibodies to JUNB and FOSL1 did not. Analysis of AP-1 binding in 5 pairs of control and IPF lung fibroblasts detected positive binding more frequently in control fibroblasts. Expression of JUN and FOS was reduced and correlated positively with RXFP1 expression in IPF lungs. In conclusion, we identified a distal enhancer of RXFP1 with differential activity in fibrotic lung fibroblasts involving AP-1 transcription factors. Our study provides insight into RXFP1 downregulation in fILD and may support efforts to reevaluate relaxin-based therapeutics alongside upregulation of RXFP1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yun Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Gillian C. Goobie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Clinician Investigator Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tin-Kan Hung
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kyle Hamilton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Harinath Bahudhanapati
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Jiangning Tan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Kass
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and The Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Koo A, Pustovit RV, Woodward ORM, Lewis JE, Gribble FM, Hossain MA, Reimann F, Furness JB. Expression of the relaxin family peptide 4 receptor by enterochromaffin cells of the mouse large intestine. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:1-9. [PMID: 35596811 PMCID: PMC9200676 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal hormone, insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5), is found in large intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EEC). One of its functions is to stimulate nerve circuits that increase propulsive activity of the colon through its receptor, the relaxin family peptide 4 receptor (RXFP4). To investigate the mechanisms that link INSL5 to stimulation of propulsion, we have determined the localisation of cells expressing Rxfp4 in the mouse colon, using a reporter mouse to locate cells expressing the gene. The fluorescent signal indicating the location of Rxfp4 expression was in EEC, the greatest overlap of Rxfp4-dependent labelling being with cells containing 5-HT. In fact, > 90% of 5-HT cells were positive for Rxfp4 labelling. A small proportion of cells with Rxfp4-dependent labelling was 5-HT-negative, 11-15% in the distal colon and rectum, and 35% in the proximal colon. Of these, some were identified as L-cells by immunoreactivity for oxyntomodulin. Rxfp4-dependent fluorescence was also found in a sparse population of nerve endings, where it was colocalised with CGRP. We used the RXFP4 agonist, INSL5-A13, to activate the receptor and probe the role of the 5-HT cells in which it is expressed. INSL5-A13 administered by i.p. injection to conscious mice caused an increase in colorectal propulsion that was antagonised by the 5-HT3 receptor blocker, alosetron, also given i.p. We conclude that stimuli that excite INSL5-containing colonic L-cells release INSL5 that, through RXFP4, excites 5-HT release from neighbouring endocrine cells, which in turn acts on 5-HT3 receptors of enteric sensory neurons to elicit propulsive reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Koo
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ruslan V Pustovit
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Orla R M Woodward
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Jo E Lewis
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - John B Furness
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Samuel CS, Bennett RG. Relaxin as an anti-fibrotic treatment: Perspectives, challenges and future directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 197:114884. [PMID: 34968489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to the scarring and hardening of tissues, which results from a failed immune system-coordinated wound healing response to chronic organ injury and which manifests from the aberrant accumulation of various extracellular matrix components (ECM), primarily collagen. Despite being a hallmark of prolonged tissue damage and related dysfunction, and commonly associated with high morbidity and mortality, there are currently no effective cures for its regression. An emerging therapy that meets several criteria of an effective anti-fibrotic treatment, is the recombinant drug-based form of the human hormone, relaxin (also referred to as serelaxin, which is bioactive in several other species). This review outlines the broad anti-fibrotic and related organ-protective roles of relaxin, mainly from studies conducted in preclinical models of ageing and fibrotic disease, including its ability to ameliorate several aspects of fibrosis progression and maturation, from immune cell infiltration, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine secretion, oxidative stress, organ hypertrophy, cell apoptosis, myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production, to its ability to facilitate established ECM degradation. Studies that have compared and/or combined these therapeutic effects of relaxin with current standard of care medication have also been discussed, along with the main challenges that have hindered the translation of the anti-fibrotic efficacy of relaxin to the clinic. The review then outlines the future directions as to where scientists and several pharmaceutical companies that have recognized the therapeutic potential of relaxin are working towards, to progress its development as a treatment for human patients suffering from various fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Robert G Bennett
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4130, USA.
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Nichols R, Pittala K, Leander M, Maynard B, Nikolaou P, Marciniak P. The myosuppressin structure-activity relationship for cardiac contractility and its receptor interactions support the presence of a ligand-directed signaling pathway in heart. Peptides 2021; 146:170641. [PMID: 34453985 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The structural conservation and activity of the myosuppressin cardioinhibitory peptide across species suggests it plays an important role in physiology, yet much remains unknown regarding its signaling. We previously reported Drosophila melanogaster myosuppressin (dromyosuppressin, DMS; TDVDHVFLRF-NH2) decreases cardiac contractility through a G protein-coupled receptor, DMS-R2. Our study showed the DMS N-terminus amino acids influence its structure-activity relationship (SAR), yet how they act is not established. We predicted myosuppressin N-terminal amino acids played a role in signaling. Here, we tested our hypothesis in the beetle, Zophobas atratus, using a semi-isolated heart bioassay to explore SAR in a different Order and focus on cardiac signaling. We generated a series of myosuppressin truncated analogs by removing the N-terminal residue and measuring the activity of each structure on cardiac contractility. While DVDHVFLRF-NH2 decreased cardiac contractility, we found VDHVFLRF-NH2, DHVFLRF-NH2, and HVFLRF-NH2 increased activity. In contrast, VFLRF- NH2 decreased activity and FLRF-NH2 was inactive. Next, we analyzed molecular docking data and found the active truncated analogs interacted with the 3-6 lock in DMS-R2, the myosuppressin cardiac receptor, disrupting the salt bridge between H114 and E369, and K289 and Q372. Further, the docking results showed the inhibitory effect on contractility may be associated with contact to Y78, while the analogs that increased contractility lacked this interaction. The data from our study demonstrated N-terminal amino acids played a role in myosuppressin activity and signaling suggesting the cardiac receptor can be targeted by biased agonists. Our myosuppressin cardiac contractility data and predicted receptor interactions describe the presence of functional selectivity in a ligand-directed signaling pathway in heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nichols
- Biological Chemistry Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - K Pittala
- Biological Chemistry Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Undergraduate Honors Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - M Leander
- Biological Chemistry Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - B Maynard
- Biological Chemistry Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - P Nikolaou
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - P Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Song L, Yang J, Liu J, Wang J. Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis: A clinicopathological study of five cases. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 55:151835. [PMID: 34624626 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease that typically presents in infancy or early childhood. Largely due to the rarity, JHF is still not widely recognized by clinicians and pathologists in China. It is not uncommonly to misdiagnose the disease as other types of disorders. In this study, we present our experience with five cases of JHF to enhance the recognition of this rare but distinctive entity. There were 4 males and 1 female, with age at presentation ranging from 5 to 44 years. All patients presented with multiple subcutaneous nodular lesions of varying size in various parts of the body since birth or early childhood. Three patients also had joint involvement. Pathologically, the lesions were poorly circumscribed, located mainly in the dermis and subcutis. All five cases were characterized by abundant homogeneous hyaline-like matrix that differs sharply from the adjacent connective tissue, which stained strongly with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and was diastase resistant. Embedded within the eosinophilic glassy matrix were cords or small clusters of plump spindled to epithelioid cells, frequently with clear cytoplasm. Familiarity with the characteristic features of JHF is not only important in avoiding misdiagnosis but also essential for clinical management and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Song
- Department of Pathology, Dehong People's Hospital, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dehong 678400, China; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jihua Yang
- Department of Pathology, Dehong People's Hospital, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dehong 678400, China
| | - Jiahan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Sahu BS, Nguyen ME, Rodriguez P, Pallais JP, Ghosh V, Razzoli M, Sham YY, Salton SR, Bartolomucci A. The molecular identity of the TLQP-21 peptide receptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7133-7144. [PMID: 34626205 PMCID: PMC8629782 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The TLQP-21 neuropeptide has been implicated in functions as diverse as lipolysis, neurodegeneration and metabolism, thus suggesting an important role in several human diseases. Three binding targets have been proposed for TLQP-21: C3aR1, gC1qR and HSPA8. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the molecular identity of the TLQP-21 receptor and the proposed multi-receptor mechanism of action. Several studies confirm a critical role for C3aR1 in TLQP-21 biological activity and a largely conserved mode of binding, receptor activation and signaling with C3a, its first-identified endogenous ligand. Conversely, data supporting a role of gC1qR and HSPA8 in TLQP-21 activity remain limited, with no signal transduction pathways being described. Overall, C3aR1 is the only receptor for which a necessary and sufficient role in TLQP-21 activity has been confirmed thus far. This conclusion calls into question the validity of a multi-receptor mechanism of action for TLQP-21 and should inform future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani S Sahu
- National Brain Research Centre, NH-8, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Megin E Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Pedro Rodriguez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jean Pierre Pallais
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Vinayak Ghosh
- National Brain Research Centre, NH-8, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yuk Y Sham
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Stephen R Salton
- Departments of Neuroscience and Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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de Vries–Huizing DMV, Versleijen MWJ, Sinaasappel M, Walraven I, Geluk–Jonker MM, Tesselaar MET, Hendrikx JJMA, de Wit–van der Veen BJ, Stokkel MPM. Haematotoxicity during peptide receptor radionuclide therapy: Baseline parameters differences and effect on patient's therapy course. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260073. [PMID: 34793530 PMCID: PMC8601524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mainly severe (CTCAE grade 3-4) haematotoxicity during peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is reported in literature due to major clinical impact, however moderate (CTCAE grade 2) haematotoxicity is common and could affect therapy management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the haematotoxicity course during PRRT and to compare baseline parameters between haematotoxicity grades. METHODS In this retrospective study, 100 patients with a neuroendocrine tumour treated with PRRT were included. Patients were treated with an aimed number of four cycles with 7.4 GBq [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE administered every 10 weeks. Haematological assessment was performed at baseline and frequently up to 10 weeks after the fourth cycle. The lowest haematological value was graded according to CTCAE v5.0, and patients were classified using the highest observed grade. Differences in baseline parameters, including [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE positive tumour volume, were evaluated between CTCAE grades. RESULTS Four cycles were completed by 86/100 of patients, 4/100 patients discontinued due to haematotoxicity, and 10/100 patients due to progressive disease. The treatment course was adjusted due to haematotoxicity in 24/100 patients, including postponed next cycle (n = 17), reduced administered activity (n = 13), and both adjustments (n = 10). The most observed haematotoxicity grade was grade 0-1 in 54/100 patients, grade 2 in 38/100 and grade 3-4 in 8/100. Significant differences in baseline leucocyte, neutrophil and platelet counts were observed between grade 0-1 and grade 2. However, the correlation between baseline and lowest observed values was poor to moderate. No differences between haematotoxicity grades and baseline parameters or somatostatin receptor positive tumour volume was observed. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of severe haematotoxicity was low with extensive screening and monitoring. The vast majority of patients (96/100) was not restricted in treatment continuation by haematotoxicity; therefore, our selection criteria appeared appropriate for safe PRRT treatment. Baseline parameters showed limited correlation with the degree of decline in haematological values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michiel Sinaasappel
- Department of Clinical Physics and Instrumentation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Walraven
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Margot E. T. Tesselaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. M. A. Hendrikx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel P. M. Stokkel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Choate LA, Barshad G, McMahon PW, Said I, Rice EJ, Munn PR, Lewis JJ, Danko CG. Multiple stages of evolutionary change in anthrax toxin receptor expression in humans. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6590. [PMID: 34782625 PMCID: PMC8592990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of animal husbandry and hunting increased human exposure to zoonotic pathogens. To understand how a zoonotic disease may have influenced human evolution, we study changes in human expression of anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2), which encodes a cell surface protein necessary for Bacillus anthracis virulence toxins to cause anthrax disease. In immune cells, ANTXR2 is 8-fold down-regulated in all available human samples compared to non-human primates, indicating regulatory changes early in the evolution of modern humans. We also observe multiple genetic signatures consistent with recent positive selection driving a European-specific decrease in ANTXR2 expression in multiple tissues affected by anthrax toxins. Our observations fit a model in which humans adapted to anthrax disease following early ecological changes associated with hunting and scavenging, as well as a second period of adaptation after the rise of modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Choate
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gilad Barshad
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Pierce W McMahon
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Iskander Said
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Edward J Rice
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Paul R Munn
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - James J Lewis
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Charles G Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Lin CJ, Jeng SR, Lei ZY, Yueh WS, Dufour S, Wu GC, Chang CF. Involvement of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Family Genes in Gonadal Differentiation in Japanese Eel, Anguilla japonica, According to Sex-Related Gene Expressions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113007. [PMID: 34831230 PMCID: PMC8616510 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gonochoristic feature with environmental sex determination that occurs during the yellow stage in the eel provides an interesting model to investigate the mechanisms of gonadal development. We previously studied various sex-related genes during gonadal sex differentiation in Japanese eels. In the present study, the members of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily were investigated. Transcript levels of anti-Müllerian hormone, its receptor, gonadal soma-derived factor (amh, amhr2, and gsdf, respectively) measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed a strong sexual dimorphism. Transcripts were dominantly expressed in the testis, and their levels significantly increased with testicular differentiation. In contrast, the expressions of amh, amhr2, and gsdf transcripts were low in the ovary of E2-feminized female eels. In situ hybridization detected gsdf (but not amh) transcript signals in undifferentiated gonads. amh and gsdf signals were localized to Sertoli cells and had increased significantly with testicular differentiation. Weak gsdf and no amh signals were detected in early ovaries of E2-feminized female eels. Transcript levels of amh and gsdf (not amhr2) decreased during human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-induced spermatogenesis in males. This study suggests that amh, amhr2, and especially gsdf might be involved in the gene pathway regulating testicular differentiation of Japanese eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ju Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan;
| | - Shan-Ru Jeng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.L.); (W.-S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.-R.J.); (G.-C.W.); (C.-F.C.)
| | - Zhen-Yuan Lei
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.L.); (W.-S.Y.)
| | - Wen-Shiun Yueh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.L.); (W.-S.Y.)
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Laboratory Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, CEDEX 05, 75231 Paris, France;
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chung Wu
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-R.J.); (G.-C.W.); (C.-F.C.)
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-R.J.); (G.-C.W.); (C.-F.C.)
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Abstract
Since the first prominent description of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) on lymphocytes as a co-receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and 2 and the first report about the GPR15-triggered cytoprotective effect on vascular endothelial cells by recombinant human thrombomodulin, several decades passed before the GPR15 has been recently deorphanized. Because of new findings on GPR15, this review will summarize the consequences of GPR15 signaling considering the variety of GPR15-expressing cell types and of GPR15 ligands, with a focus on blood and vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Saleh AC, Sabry R, Mastromonaco GF, Favetta LA. BPA and BPS affect the expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor during bovine oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:119. [PMID: 34344364 PMCID: PMC8330045 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bisphenol S (BPS), is widespread and has negative implications on embryonic development. Preliminary evidence revealed that in women undergoing IVF treatment, urinary BPA levels were associated with low serum anti-Mullerian hormone, however a definitive relationship between the two has not yet been characterized. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate BPA and BPS effects on in vitro oocyte maturation and early preimplantation embryo development through i) analysis of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and anti-Mullerian hormone receptor II (AMHRII), ii) investigation of developmental parameters, such as cleavage, blastocyst rates and developmental arrest, iii) detection of apoptosis and iv) assessment of possible sex ratio skew. An in vitro bovine model was used as a translational model for human early embryonic development. We first assessed AMH and AMHRII levels after bisphenol exposure during oocyte maturation. Zygotes were also analyzed during cleavage and blastocysts stages. Techniques used include in vitro fertilization, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, TUNEL and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Our findings show that BPA significantly decreased cleavage (p < 0.001), blastocyst (p < 0.005) and overall developmental rates as well as significantly increased embryonic arrest at the 2-4 cell stage (p < 0.05). Additionally, both BPA and BPS significantly increased DNA fragmentation in 2-4 cells, 8-16 cells and blastocyst embryos (p < 0.05). Furthermore, BPA and BPS alter AMH and AMHRII at the mRNA and protein level in both oocytes and blastocysts. BPA, but not BPS, also significantly skews sex ratios towards female blastocysts (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study shows that BPA affects AMH and AMHRII expression during oocyte maturation and that BPS exerts its effects to a greater extent after fertilization and therefore may not be a safer alternative to BPA. Our data lay the foundation for future functional studies, such as receptor kinetics, downstream effectors, and promoter activation/inhibition to prove a functional relationship between bisphenols and the AMH signalling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Christina Saleh
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - Reem Sabry
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - Gabriela Fabiana Mastromonaco
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
- grid.507770.20000 0001 0698 6008Reproductive Physiology, Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, Ontario Canada
| | - Laura Alessandra Favetta
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada
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Walrand S, Jamar F. Renal and Red Marrow Dosimetry in Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy: 20 Years of History and Ahead. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158326. [PMID: 34361092 PMCID: PMC8347073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of dosimetry and studies in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) over the past two decades are reviewed. Differences in kidney and bone marrow toxicity reported between 90Y, 177Lu and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) are discussed with regard to the physical properties of these beta emitter radionuclides. The impact of these properties on the response to small and large tumors is also considered. Capacities of the imaging modalities to assess the dosimetry to target tissues are evaluated. Studies published in the past two years that confirm a red marrow uptake in 177Lu-DOTATATE therapy, as already observed 20 years ago in 86Y-DOTATOC PET studies, are analyzed in light of the recent developments in the transferrin transport mechanism. The review enlightens the importance (i) of using state-of-the-art imaging modalities, (ii) of individualizing the activity to be injected with regard to the huge tissue uptake variability observed between patients, (iii) of challenging the currently used but inappropriate blood-based red marrow dosimetry and (iv) of considering individual tandem therapy. Last, a smart individually optimized tandem therapy taking benefit of the bi-orthogonal toxicity-response pattern of 177Lu-DOTATATE and of 90Y-DOTATOC is proposed.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a treatment option for somatostatin receptor-positive, unresectable or metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Despite high disease control rates seen with PRRT, a subset of the NET population seems to have a short progression-free interval. We hypothesize that patients with NETs with rapid progression post-PRRT may have mixed low- and high-grade cell populations, and PRRT treats the lower-grade component, allowing the more aggressive high-grade component to progress.We report 7 patients with biopsy-proven NET who received PRRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE at the Stanford Cancer Center who had evidence of progressive disease (PD) on or within 6 months of therapy.All patients had primary pancreatic, metastatic, well-differentiated NET on diagnosis and were heavily pretreated before receiving PRRT. Two patients had PD while on PRRT; 5 had PD within 6 months of completing PRRT. The median time from the last cycle to PD was 3.2 months (range, 1.1-4.6 months). The median progression-free survival was 7.7 months (95% confidence interval, 5.7-9.8 months). Three patients had a repeat biopsy post-PRRT, 2 of which demonstrated higher disease grade compared with their initial pathology. Further evaluation in larger patient cohorts is warranted to elucidate predictive factors of PRRT response/nonresponse to enable better patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A Assi
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen Hornbacker
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Shagufta Shaheen
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Theresa Wittenberg
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Robyn Silberman
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Pamela L Kunz
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Swaminathan G, Nguyen LP, Namkoong H, Pan J, Haileselassie Y, Patel A, Ji AR, Mikhail DM, Dinh TT, Singh H, Liao B, Vázquez-Montesino LM, Butcher EC, Habtezion A. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates expression of mucosal trafficking receptor GPR15. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:852-861. [PMID: 33674764 PMCID: PMC7934811 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GPR15 is a chemoattractant receptor that facilitates colon homing of regulatory and effector CD4+ T cells in health and colitis. The molecular mechanisms that control GPR15 expression are not fully known. Here we report the presence of two highly conserved aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binding sequences in a 3' enhancer of GPR15, leading us to investigate AHR function in regulating GPR15 expression. Using luciferase reporter assays, we show that AHR activation increased GPR15 expression and requires both the AHR binding sites. Consistent with a transcriptional regulatory role, treatment with AHR agonists induce GPR15 expression on human CD4+ T cells. Using AHR-deficient mice, we demonstrate that the lack of AHR signaling drastically reduces GPR15 expression on effector/memory and Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells. In mixed bone marrow chimeras of AHR-deficient and wildtype cells, GPR15 expression was similarly diminished on AHR-deficient CD4+ effector/memory and regulatory T cells in the colon and small intestine. Furthermore, administration of AHR agonists upregulated GPR15 expression on CD4+ effector/memory T cells and increased their homing capability, especially to the colon. Collectively, our studies reveal a novel function of the AHR in regulation of GPR15 expression and increased colon trafficking of CD4+ T cells expressing GPR15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Swaminathan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Linh P Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hong Namkoong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Junliang Pan
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yeneneh Haileselassie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akshar Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Allison R Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David M Mikhail
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Thanh Dinh
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harpriya Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bryce Liao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luis M Vázquez-Montesino
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Chauvin M, Garambois V, Choblet S, Colombo PE, Chentouf M, Gros L, De Brauwere DP, Duonor-Cerutti M, Dumas K, Robert B, Jarlier M, Martineau P, Navarro-Teulon I, Pépin D, Chardès T, Pèlegrin A. Anti-Müllerian hormone concentration regulates activin receptor-like kinase-2/3 expression levels with opposing effects on ovarian cancer cell survival. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:43. [PMID: 34013359 PMCID: PMC8131086 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti‑Müllerian hormone (AMH) type II receptor (AMHRII) and the AMH/AMHRII signaling pathway are potential therapeutic targets in ovarian carcinoma. Conversely, the role of the three AMH type I receptors (AMHRIs), namely activin receptor‑like kinase (ALK)2, ALK3 and ALK6, in ovarian cancer remains to be clarified. To determine the respective roles of these three AMHRIs, the present study used four ovarian cancer cell lines (COV434‑AMHRII, SKOV3‑AMHRII, OVCAR8, KGN) and primary cells isolated from tumor ascites from patients with ovarian cancer. The results demonstrated that ALK2 and ALK3 may be the two main AMHRIs involved in AMH signaling at physiological endogenous and supraphysiological exogenous AMH concentrations, respectively. Supraphysiological AMH concentrations (25 nM recombinant AMH) were associated with apoptosis in all four cell lines and decreased clonogenic survival in COV434‑AMHRII and SKOV3‑AMHRII cells. These biological effects were induced via ALK3 recruitment by AMHRII, as ALK3‑AMHRII dimerization was favored at increasing AMH concentrations. By contrast, ALK2 was associated with AMHRII at physiological endogenous concentrations of AMH (10 pM). Based on these results, tetravalent IgG1‑like bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) against AMHRII and ALK2, and against AMHRII and ALK3 were designed and evaluated. In vivo, COV434‑AMHRII tumor cell xenograft growth was significantly reduced in all BsAb‑treated groups compared with that in the vehicle group (P=0.018 for BsAb 12G4‑3D7; P=0.001 for all other BsAbs). However, the growth of COV434‑AMHRII tumor cell xenografts was slower in mice treated with the anti‑AMRII‑ALK2 BsAb 12G4‑2F9 compared with that in animals that received a control BsAb that targeted AMHRII and CD5 (P=0.048). These results provide new insights into type I receptor specificity in AMH signaling pathways and may lead to an innovative therapeutic approach to modulate AMH signaling using anti‑AMHRII/anti‑AMHRI BsAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Chauvin
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Garambois
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Choblet
- CNRS UPS3044 Baculovirus et Thérapie, F-30380 Saint-Christol-Lèz Alès, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Colombo
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Chentouf
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Gros
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Robert
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Jarlier
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Martineau
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Navarro-Teulon
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - David Pépin
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Thierry Chardès
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - André Pèlegrin
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
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Fathpour G, Jafari E, Hashemi A, Dadgar H, Shahriari M, Zareifar S, Jenabzade AR, Vali R, Ahmadzadehfar H, Assadi M. Feasibility and Therapeutic Potential of Combined Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy With Intensive Chemotherapy for Pediatric Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Metastatic Neuroblastoma. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:540-548. [PMID: 33782280 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence has demonstrated high expression of somatostatin receptors in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. Because of this, we endeavored to evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical efficacy of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using 177Lu-DOTATATE combined with chemotherapy in pediatric NB patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 14 pediatric patients with histopathologically confirmed NB underwent 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT. Among them, the patients who were refractory or relapsed after therapy with 131I-MIBG and had intensive uptake of 68Ga-DOTATATE were referred for PRRT using 177Lu-DOTATATE. Treatment response based on follow-up imaging was classified into complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease. After each cycle of PRRT, laboratory tests were performed for evaluation of hematological, renal, and hepatic toxicities. The CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events; version 4.03) was used for grading adverse event. Curie score and International Society of Pediatric Oncology Europe Neuroblastoma score were used for semiquantitative analysis of scans of patients who underwent PRRT. In addition, overall survival was calculated as the time interval between the date of the first cycle and the end of follow-up or death. RESULTS Overall, 14 refractory NB children including 7 boys and 7 girls with a median age of 5.5 years (ranged from 4 to 9) underwent 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT. PET/CT was positive in 10/14 patients (71.4%), and the median number of detected lesions in positive patients was 2 (range, 1-13). Of 14 patients, 5 patients underwent PRRT, including 3 boys and 2 girls. A total of 19 PRRT cycles and 66.4 GBq 177Lu-DOTATATE were given. Among these 5 patients, 2 showed an initial complete response, which relapsed a few months later, 1 showed a partial response, and 2 showed progressive disease. According to the Kaplan-Meier test, the overall survival was estimated at 14.5 months (95% confidence interval, 8.9-20.1). In evaluation of PRRT-related toxicity according to the CTCAE, 4 patients showed grade 1, and 1 showed grade 2 leukopenia. Two patients showed grade 1, and 2 others showed grade 2 anemia. Two patients showed grade 1, and 3 patients showed grade 2 thrombocytopenia. Serum creatinine in 1 patient increased to grade 1. CONCLUSIONS Combination of 177Lu-DOTATATE with chemotherapeutic agents might achieve worthwhile responses with low toxicity, encouraging survival in NB patients who have relapsed or are refractory to conventional therapy, including 131I-MIBG therapy. Imaging with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in such patients has a relatively high detection efficacy, demonstrating its potential use as an alternative imaging tool to conventional modalities such as 123I/131I-MIBG. However, further well-designed trials are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esmail Jafari
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr
| | - Arman Hashemi
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine
| | - Habibollah Dadgar
- Cancer Research Center, Razavi Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad
| | - Mahdi Shahriari
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz
| | - Soheila Zareifar
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz
| | - Ali Reza Jenabzade
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reza Vali
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Majid Assadi
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr
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Niiranen L, Mäkelä KA, Dona A, Krumsiek J, Karhu T, Mäkinen MJ, Thalmann O, Saarela S, Herzig KH. Seasonal Regulation of Metabolism: The Effect of Wintertime Fasting and Autumnal Fattening on Key Central Regulators of Metabolism and the Metabolic Profile of the Raccoon Dog ( Nyctereutes Procyonoides). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094965. [PMID: 34067001 PMCID: PMC8125260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the mechanisms regulating obesity are frantic and novel translational approaches are needed. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is a canid species representing a promising model to study metabolic regulation in a species undergoing cycles of seasonal obesity and fasting. To understand the molecular mechanisms of metabolic regulation in seasonal adaptation, we analyzed key central nervous system and peripheral signals regulating food intake and metabolism from raccoon dogs after autumnal fattening and winter fasting. Expressions of neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin-2 receptor (OX2R), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and leptin receptor (ObRb) were analyzed as examples of orexigenic and anorexigenic signals using qRT-PCR from raccoon dog hypothalamus samples. Plasma metabolic profiles were measured with 1H NMR-spectroscopy and LC-MS. Circulating hormones and cytokines were determined with canine specific antibody assays. Surprisingly, NPY and POMC were not affected by the winter fasting nor autumn fattening and the metabolic profiles showed a remarkable equilibrium, indicating conserved homeostasis. However, OX2R and ObRb expression changes suggested seasonal regulation. Circulating cytokine levels were not increased, demonstrating that the autumn fattening did not induce subacute inflammation. Thus, the raccoon dog developed seasonal regulatory mechanisms to accommodate the autumnal fattening and prolonged fasting making the species unique in coping with the extreme environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Niiranen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; (L.N.); (K.A.M.); (T.K.); (O.T.)
| | - Kari A. Mäkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; (L.N.); (K.A.M.); (T.K.); (O.T.)
| | - Anthony Dona
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Toni Karhu
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; (L.N.); (K.A.M.); (T.K.); (O.T.)
| | - Markus J. Mäkinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Medical Research Center Oulu, P.O Box 8000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Olaf Thalmann
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; (L.N.); (K.A.M.); (T.K.); (O.T.)
- Institute of Pediatrics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Seppo Saarela
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; (L.N.); (K.A.M.); (T.K.); (O.T.)
- Institute of Pediatrics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-29-448-5280
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Constantin S, Pizano K, Matson K, Shan Y, Reynolds D, Wray S. An Inhibitory Circuit From Brainstem to GnRH Neurons in Male Mice: A New Role for the RFRP Receptor. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6132086. [PMID: 33564881 PMCID: PMC8016070 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs, mammalian orthologs of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone) convey circadian, seasonal, and social cues to the reproductive system. They regulate gonadotropin secretion by modulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons via the RFRP receptor. Mice lacking this receptor are fertile but exhibit abnormal gonadotropin responses during metabolic challenges, such as acute fasting, when the normal drop in gonadotropin levels is delayed. Although it is known that these food intake signals to the reproductive circuit originate in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brainstem, the phenotype of the neurons conveying the signal remains unknown. Given that neuropeptide FF (NPFF), another RFamide peptide, resides in the NTS and can bind to the RFRP receptor, we hypothesized that NPFF may regulate GnRH neurons. To address this question, we used a combination of techniques: cell-attached electrophysiology on GnRH-driven green fluorescent protein-tagged neurons in acute brain slices; calcium imaging on cultured GnRH neurons; and immunostaining on adult brain tissue. We found (1) NPFF inhibits GnRH neuron excitability via the RFRP receptor and its canonical signaling pathway (Gi/o protein and G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels), (2) NPFF-like fibers in the vicinity of GnRH neurons coexpress neuropeptide Y, (3) the majority of NPFF-like cell bodies in the NTS also coexpress neuropeptide Y, and (4) acute fasting increased NPFF-like immunoreactivity in the NTS. Together these data indicate that NPFF neurons within the NTS inhibit GnRH neurons, and thus reproduction, during fasting but prior to the energy deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Constantin
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
| | - Katherine Pizano
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
| | - Kaya Matson
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
| | - Yufei Shan
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
| | - Daniel Reynolds
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
| | - Susan Wray
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
- Correspondence: Dr. Susan Wray, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive MSC 3703, Building 35, Room 3A1012, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Jayawardena N, Miles LA, Burga LN, Rudin C, Wolf M, Poirier JT, Bostina M. N-Linked Glycosylation on Anthrax Toxin Receptor 1 Is Essential for Seneca Valley Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050769. [PMID: 33924774 PMCID: PMC8145208 DOI: 10.3390/v13050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a picornavirus with potency in selectively infecting and lysing cancerous cells. The cellular receptor for SVV mediating the selective tropism for tumors is anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1), a type I transmembrane protein expressed in tumors. Similar to other mammalian receptors, ANTXR1 has been shown to harbor N-linked glycosylation sites in its extracellular vWA domain. However, the exact role of ANTXR1 glycosylation on SVV attachment and cellular entry was unknown. Here we show that N-linked glycosylation in the ANTXR1 vWA domain is necessary for SVV attachment and entry. In our study, tandem mass spectrometry analysis of recombinant ANTXR1-Fc revealed the presence of complex glycans at N166, N184 in the vWA domain, and N81 in the Fc domain. Symmetry-expanded cryo-EM reconstruction of SVV-ANTXR1-Fc further validated the presence of N166 and N184 in the vWA domain. Cell blocking, co-immunoprecipitation, and plaque formation assays confirmed that deglycosylation of ANTXR1 prevents SVV attachment and subsequent entry. Overall, our results identified N-glycosylation in ANTXR1 as a necessary post-translational modification for establishing stable interactions with SVV. We anticipate our findings will aid in selecting patients for future cancer therapeutics, where screening for both ANTXR1 and its glycosylation could lead to an improved outcome from SVV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadishka Jayawardena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (N.J.); (L.N.B.)
- Molecular Cryo-Electron Microscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Linde A. Miles
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Laura N. Burga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (N.J.); (L.N.B.)
| | - Charles Rudin
- Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Matthias Wolf
- Molecular Cryo-Electron Microscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.T.P.); (M.B.)
| | - John T. Poirier
- Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.T.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Mihnea Bostina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (N.J.); (L.N.B.)
- Otago Micro and Nano Imaging Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.T.P.); (M.B.)
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Lee CS, Cho HJ, Lee JW, Son H, Chai J, Kim HS. Adhesion GPCR Latrophilin-2 Specifies Cardiac Lineage Commitment through CDK5, Src, and P38MAPK. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:868-882. [PMID: 33798451 PMCID: PMC8072181 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying lineage-specific markers is pivotal for understanding developmental processes and developing cell therapies. Here, we investigated the functioning of a cardiomyogenic cell-surface marker, latrophilin-2 (LPHN2), an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, in cardiac differentiation. LPHN2 was selectively expressed in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and cardiomyocytes (CMCs) during mouse and human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) differentiation; cell sorting with an anti-LPHN2 antibody promoted the isolation of populations highly enriched in CPCs and CMCs. Lphn2 knockdown or knockout PSCs did not express cardiac genes. We used the Phospho Explorer Antibody Array, which encompasses nearly all known signaling pathways, to assess molecular mechanisms underlying LPHN2-induced cardiac differentiation. LPHN2-dependent phosphorylation was the strongest for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) at Tyr15. We identified CDK5, Src, and P38MAPK as key downstream molecules of LPHN2 signaling. These findings provide a valuable strategy for isolating CPCs and CMCs from PSCs and insights into the still-unknown cardiac differentiation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJu Son
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chai
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Program in Stem Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Program in Stem Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang L, Yu Z, Xu Y, Yu M, Ren Y, Zhang S, Yang G, Huang J, Yan K, Zheng C, Wu C. Regulation of the stability and ABA import activity of NRT1.2/NPF4.6 by CEPR2-mediated phosphorylation in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant 2021; 14:633-646. [PMID: 33453414 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) transport plays an important role in systemic plant responses to environmental factors. However, it remains largely unclear about the precise regulation of ABA transporters in plants. In this study, we show that the C-terminally encoded peptide receptor 2 (CEPR2) directly interacts with the ABA transporter NRT1.2/NPF4.6. Genetic and phenotypic analyses revealed that NRT1.2/NPF4.6 positively regulates ABA response and that NRT1.2/NPF4.6 is epistatically and negatively regulated by CEPR2. Further biochemical assays demonstrated that CEPR2 phosphorylates NRT1.2/NPF4.6 at serine 292 to promote its degradation under normal conditions. However, ABA treatment and non-phosphorylation at serine 292 prevented the degradation of NRT1.2/NPF4.6, indicating that ABA inhibits the phosphorylation of this residue. Transport assays in yeast and Xenopus oocytes revealed that non-phosphorylated NRT1.2/NPF4.6 had high levels of ABA import activity, whereas phosphorylated NRT1.2/NPF4.6 did not import ABA. Analyses of complemented nrt1.2 mutants that mimicked non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated NRT1.2/NPF4.6 confirmed that non-phosphorylated NRT1.2S292A had high stability and ABA import activity in planta. Additional experiments showed that NRT1.2/NPF4.6 was degraded via the 26S proteasome and vacuolar degradation pathways. Furthermore, we found that three E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, UBC32, UBC33, and UBC34, interact with NRT1.2/NPF4.6 in the endoplasmic reticulum and mediate its ubiquitination. NRT1.2/NPF4.6 is epistatically and negatively regulated by UBC32, UBC33, and UBC34 in planta. Taken together, these results suggest that the stability and ABA import activity of NRT1.2/NPF4.6 are precisely regulated by its phosphorylation and degradation in response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zipeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jinguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Kang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Changai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Plant-Microbial Restoration for Saline-Alkali Land, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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49
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Casella I, Ambrosio C. Prokineticin receptors interact unselectively with several G protein subtypes but bind selectively to β-arrestin 2. Cell Signal 2021; 83:110000. [PMID: 33811988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prokineticin 1 (pk1) and prokineticin 2 (pk2) interact with two structurally related G-protein coupled receptors, prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) and prokineticin receptor 2 (PKR2). Cellular signalling studies show that the activated receptors can evoke Ca2+-mobilization, pertussis toxin-sensitive ERK phosphorylation, and intracellular cAMP accumulation, which suggests the partecipation of several G protein subtypes, such as Gq/11, Gi/o and Gs. However, direct interactions with these transduction proteins have not been studied yet. Here we measured by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) the association of PKR1 and PKR2 with different heterotrimeric Gα proteins in response to pk1 and pk2 activation. Using host-cell lines carrying gene deletions of Gαq/11 or Gαs, and pertussis toxin treatment to abolish the receptor interactions with Gαi/o, we determined that both receptors could couple with comparable efficiency to Gq/11 and Gi/o, but far less efficiently to Gs or other pertussis toxin-insensitive G proteins. We also used BRET methodology to assess the association of prokineticin receptors with β-arrestin isoforms. Fluorescent versions of the isoforms were transfected both in HEK293 cells and in double KO β-arrestin 1/2 mouse fibroblasts, to study receptor interaction with the reconstituted individual β-arrestins without background expression of the endogenous genes. Both receptors formed stable BRET-emitting complexes with β-arrestin 2 but not with β-arrestin 1, indicating strong selectivity for the former. In all the studied transducer interactions and in both receptors, pk2 was more potent than pk1 in promoting receptor binding to transduction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Casella
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Reserch and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Caterina Ambrosio
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Reserch and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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50
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Adamczyk A, Pastille E, Kehrmann J, Vu VP, Geffers R, Wasmer MH, Kasper S, Schuler M, Lange CM, Muggli B, Rau TT, Klein D, Hansen W, Krebs P, Buer J, Westendorf AM. GPR15 Facilitates Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells to Promote Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2970-2982. [PMID: 33727229 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide. Despite considerable progress in early detection and treatment, there is still an unmet need for novel antitumor therapies, particularly in advanced colorectal cancer. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are increased in the peripheral blood and tumor tissue of patients with colorectal cancer. Recently, transient ablation of tumor-associated Tregs was shown to foster CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumoral immunity in murine colorectal cancer models. However, before considering therapies on targeting Tregs in patients with cancer, detailed knowledge of the phenotype and features of tumor-associated Tregs is indispensable. Here, we demonstrate in a murine model of inflammation-induced colorectal cancer that tumor-associated Tregs are mainly of thymic origin and equipped with a specific set of molecules strongly associated with enhanced migratory properties. Particularly, a dense infiltration of Tregs in mouse and human colorectal cancer lesions correlated with increased expression of the orphan chemoattractant receptor GPR15 on these cells. Comprehensive gene expression analysis revealed that tumor-associated GPR15+ Tregs have a Th17-like phenotype, thereby producing IL17 and TNFα. Gpr15 deficiency repressed Treg infiltration in colorectal cancer, which paved the way for enhanced antitumoral CD8+ T-cell immunity and reduced tumorigenesis. In conclusion, GPR15 represents a promising novel target for modifying T-cell-mediated antitumoral immunity in colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: The G protein-coupled receptor 15, an unconventional chemokine receptor, directs Tregs into the colon, thereby modifying the tumor microenvironment and promoting intestinal tumorigenesis.See related commentary by Chakraborty and Zappasodi, p. 2817.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Adamczyk
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Pastille
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Kehrmann
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vivian P Vu
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marie-Hélène Wasmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Beat Muggli
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tilman T Rau
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Buer
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Infection Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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