1
|
Yang J, Wang Y, El Wakil A, Moussian B. Extra-corporeal detoxification in insects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28392. [PMID: 38560219 PMCID: PMC10981100 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Upon uptake of toxins, insects launch a detoxification program. This program is deployed in multiple organs and cells to raise their tolerance against the toxin. The molecular mechanisms of this program inside the insect body have been studied and understood in detail. Here, we report on a yet unexplored extra-corporeal detoxification of insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster. Wild-type D. melanogaster incubated with DDT, a contact insecticide, in a closed environment died as expected. However, incubation of a second cohort in the same environment after removal of the dead flies was not lethal. The effect was significantly lower if the flies of the two cohorts were unrelated. Incubation assays with Chlorpyrifos, another contact insecticide, yielded identical results, while incubation assays with Chlorantraniliprole, again a contact insecticide, was toxic for the second cohort of flies. A cohort of flies incubated in a DDT environment after an initial incubation of a honeybee survived treatment. Together, our data suggest that insects including Apis mellifera and D. melanogaster have the capacity to modify their proximate environment. Consequently, in their ecological niche, following individuals might be saved from intoxication thereby facilitating colonisation of an attractive site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Omar EM, El-Sayed NS, Elnozahy FY, Hassan E, Amr A, Augustyniak M, El-Samad LM, El Wakil A. Reversal Effects of Royal Jelly and Propolis Against Cadmium-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1612-1627. [PMID: 37500819 PMCID: PMC10859352 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is an exponentially growing health problem. In this study, we aimed to assess the protective properties of propolis and royal jelly against cadmium adverse effects. Thirty-two adult male rats were included in our study; kidney and liver functions, histopathological changes, and the level of oxidative stress were evaluated in rats exposed to a daily dose of 4.5 mg cadmium per kilogram of body weight for 1 month and those cotreated simultaneously with either propolis (50 mg/kg/day) or royal jelly (200 mg/kg/day) with cadmium compared to control animals. Cadmium-mediated hepatorenal toxicity was manifested as per the increased oxidative stress, function deterioration, and characteristic histopathological aberrations. The supplementation of royal jelly or propolis restores most of the affected parameters to a level similar to the control group. However, the parameters describing the grade of DNA damage and the interleukin-1β expression in the liver, as well as the levels of malondialdehyde and metallothionein, were slightly elevated compared to controls, despite the regular use of royal jelly or propolis. It is worth noting that better results were found in the case of royal jelly compared to propolis administration. Most likely, the ability of both products to chelate cadmium and contribute in reducing oxidative stress is of great importance. However, further investigations are needed to complement the knowledge about the expected nutritional and medicinal values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Omar
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21519, Egypt
| | - Norhan S El-Sayed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21519, Egypt
| | - Fatma Y Elnozahy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21519, Egypt
| | - Eman Hassan
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Alaa Amr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21568, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Samad LM, Bakr NR, Abouzid M, Shedid ES, Giesy JP, Khalifa SAM, El-Seedi HR, El Wakil A, Al Naggar Y. Nanoparticles-mediated entomotoxicology: lessons from biologica. Ecotoxicology 2024; 33:305-324. [PMID: 38446268 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has grown in importance in medicine, manufacturing, and consumer products. Nanoparticles (NPs) are also widely used in the field of insect pest management, where they show a variety of toxicological effects on insects. As a result, the primary goal of this review is to compile and evaluate available information on effects of NPs on insects, by use of a timely, bibliometric analysis. We also discussed the manufacturing capacity of NPs from insect tissues and the toxic effects of NPs on insects. To do so, we searched the Web of Science database for literature from 1995 to 2023 and ran bibliometric analyses with CiteSpace© and Bibliometrix©. The analyses covered 614 journals and identified 1763 relevant documents. We found that accumulation of NPs was one of the top trending topics. China, India, and USA had the most published papers. The most overall reported models of insects were those of Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito), Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito), Bombyx mori (silk moth), and Anopheles stephensi (Asian malaria mosquito). The application and methods of fabrication of NPs using insect tissues, as well as the mechanism of toxicity of NPs on insects, were also reported. A uniform legal framework is required to allow nanotechnology to fully realize its potential while minimizing harm to living organisms and reducing the release of toxic metalloid nanoparticles into the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nahed R Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abouzid
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Eslam S Shedid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32512, Egypt
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798-7266, USA
| | - Shaden A M Khalifa
- Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Capio Saint Göran's Hospital, Sankt Göransplan 1, 112 19, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Li Y, Gao Y, El Wakil A, Moussian B, Zhang J. RNA interference-mediated silencing of coat protein II (COPII) genes affects the gut homeostasis and cuticle development in Locusta migratoria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131137. [PMID: 38537854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The coat protein II (COPII) complex consists of five primary soluble proteins, namely the small GTP-binding protein Sar1, the inner coat Sec23/Sec24 heterodimers, and the outer coat Sec13/Sec31 heterotetramers. COPII is essential for cellular protein and lipid trafficking through cargo sorting and vesicle formation at the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the roles of COPII assembly genes remain unknown in insects. In present study, we identified five COPII assembly genes (LmSar1, LmSec23, LmSec24, LmSec13 and LmSec31) in Locusta migratoria. RT-qPCR results revealed that these genes showed different expression patterns in multiple tissues and developmental days of fifth-instar nymphs. Injection of double-stranded RNA against each LmCOPII gene induced a high RNAi efficiency, and considerably suppressed feeding, and increased mortality to 100 %. Results from the micro-sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin staining of midguts showed that the brush border was severely damaged and the number of columnar cells was significantly reduced in dsLmCOPII-injected nymphs, as compared with the control. The dilated endoplasmic reticulum phenotype of columnar cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RT-qPCR results further indicated that silencing any of the five genes responsible for COPII complex assembly repressed the expression of genes involved in insulin/mTOR-associated nutritional pathway. Therefore, COPII assembly genes could be promising RNAi targets for insect pest management by disrupting gut and cuticle development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Faculty of Education, Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bernard Moussian
- INRAE, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mansour O, Kazem A, El Wakil A. Assessment of breast cytoarchitecture and its associated axillary lymph node status under normal and pathological conditions in Egyptian women. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102244. [PMID: 37856936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Herein, we compare the features of neoplastic cancer cells in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) grade II and III patients to their corresponding normal cells both in breast and axillary lymph node (ALN) tissues. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 70 female breast cancer patients enrolled between 2018 and 2020 at Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt, was analyzed for clinicopathological features presentation. Fresh tiny pieces of breast tissue and its associated ALN tissues were then processed to investigate the morphological appearance by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the histological architecture of tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin was studied by light microscope, while the characterization of the ultrastructure features of breast and ALN tissues was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Clinicopathological presentation of patients revealed that the Egyptian female breast cancer population adhered to the global trends of breast cancer disease with elevated incidence rate among postmenopausal women (61.3%), high frequency of IDC (95.7%), and increased ALN metastasis (65.7%). The percentage of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression, as key indicators for carcinogenesis and disease progression was 87.1% and 55.8%, respectively. The present study points to the observed discrepancies among the investigated variables in the diagnostic separation between IDC grade II and grade III. Ductal epithelial cells organization, nuclei size and irregularity, chromatin amount and uniformity, mitochondrial abundance and dysfunction were differentially manifested in IDC grades. Moreover, aberrations in the cellular organelles like lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid droplets vary according to the grade of IDC and the aggressiveness of the invasive breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, this study emphasizes the importance of accurate specimen evaluation for treatment choice and decision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Mansour
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Amani Kazem
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nasef MA, Yousef MI, Ghareeb DA, Augustyniak M, Aboul-Soud MAM, El Wakil A. Hepatoprotective effects of a chemically-characterized extract from artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.) against AFB 1-induced toxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1070-1082. [PMID: 36196508 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2129672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the protective potential of a pharmaceutically formulated capsule of artichoke leaf powder (ArLP) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. In the 42-day experiment, rats were divided into five equal groups: (i) control, treated with sterile water, (ii) treated with 4% DMSO as AFB1 vehicle, (iii) ArLP of 100 mg kg-1 bw, (iv) AFB1 of 72 µg kg-1 bw, and (v) AFB1 plus ArLP. Exposure of rats to AFB1 resulted in hepatotoxicity as manifested by the intensification of oxidative stress, production of free radicals and significant increase in the activity levels of liver function enzymes relative to the control. Significant reductions in both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant markers as well as histopathological abnormalities in liver tissues were also observed. Notably, the combined administration of ArLP with AFB1 clearly reduced AFB1-mediated adverse effects leading to the normalization of most of these parameters back to control levels. These findings clearly highlight the potential benefits of artichoke dietary supplements as a safe and natural solution in counteracting the adverse hepatotoxic effects conferred by AFB1 exposure. Further research is warranted to fully dissect the biochemical and molecular mechanism of action of the observed artichoke-mediated hepatoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Nasef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar I Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Bioscreening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mourad A M Aboul-Soud
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang HH, Li JQ, Ma S, Yao WC, Chen YW, El Wakil A, Dewer Y, Zhu XY, Sun L, Zhang YN. RNAi-mediated silencing of SlitPer disrupts sex pheromone communication behavior in Spodoptera litura. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:3993-3998. [PMID: 37269066 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 24-h circadian rhythm is considered crucial for insect sexual communication. However, its molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, particularly the roles of the clock gene period (Per), remain largely unclear. The sex pheromone communication behavior of Spodoptera litura displays typical circadian rhythm characteristics. Thus, it represents an excellent model for functional analyses of the clock gene Per. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the potential roles of SlitPer in regulating sex pheromone communication in S. litura using RNA interference, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR), gas chromatography, and behavioral assays. The qPCR results showed that the expression levels of SlitPer and two desaturase genes (SlitDes5 and SlitDes11) in the siPer group differed significantly at most time points from those in the siNC group. Dynamic variation in the three major sex pheromone titers and calling behavior of S. litura females in the siPer group was disordered. In addition, the mating rates of siPer S. litura females decreased significantly by 33.33%. Oviposition by mated siPer females was substantially reduced by 84.84%. CONCLUSION These findings provide a fundamental basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism by which Per regulates sex pheromone communication behavior in lepidopteran species. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Sai Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Wei-Chen Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Xiu-Yun Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Toto NA, Malak M, Kheirallah N, Eldrieny AM, El-Samad LM, Giesy JP, El Wakil A. Eco-friendly postharvest irradiation strategy with 131I isotope for environmental management of populations of migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1978-1989. [PMID: 37382969 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2232033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Irradiation of food is promising for control of pests to minimize postharvest losses of yields and thus improvement of food safety, shelf life of produce. It is a method of choice that induces a series of lethal biochemical and molecular changes culminating into the engagement of a downstream cascade to cause abnormalities in irradiated pests. In this study, the effects of iodine-131 (131I) isotope radiation on the male gonad development of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Newly emerged adult male locusts, less than one-day-old, were divided into two groups, control and irradiated. Locusts in the control group (n = 20 insects) didn't drink irradiated water and were reared under normal environmental conditions for one week. Locusts in the irradiated group (n = 20 insects) were exposed to irradiated water at a dose of 30 mCi and they were subsequently observed until they drank the whole quantity. RESULTS At the end of the experiment, scanning and electron microscopic examination of testes obtained from irradiated locusts revealed several major abnormalities, including malformed nuclei of spermatozoa, irregular plasma membranes, shrinkage of testicular follicles, vacuolated cytoplasm, disintegrated nebenkern and agglutinations of spermatids. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that 131I radiation induced both early and late apoptosis, but not necrosis, in testicular tissues. Testes of irradiated insects also exhibited a burst in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as indicated by significant elevation in amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker for peroxidation of lipids. In contrast, irradiation coincided with significant reductions in activities of enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers. Relative to controls, a three-fold upregulation of expression of mRNA of heat shock protein, Hsp90, was observed in testicular tissue of irradiated locusts. 131I-irradiated insects exhibited genotoxicity, as indicated by significant increases in various indicators of DNA damage by the comet assay, including tail length (7.80 ± 0.80 µm; p < .01), olive tail moment (40.37 ± 8.08; p < .01) and tail DNA intensity % (5.1 ± 0.51; p < .01), in testicular cells compared to the controls. CONCLUSION This is the first report on elucidation of I131-irradiation-mediated histopathological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms in gonads of male L. migratoria. Herein, the findings underscore the utility of 131I radiation as an eco-friendly postharvest strategy for management of insect pests and in particular for control of populations of L. migratoria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura A Toto
- Department of Zoology, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Marian Malak
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Eldrieny
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging Technology, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bakr BA, Sadek IA, El-Samad LM, El Wakil A. Switchable hepatic organelles aberrations in DEN-induced mice under the influence of chemically characterized silk sericin. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102101. [PMID: 37141749 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessing the beneficial effects of silk sericin against hepatic injury induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). METHODS Aiming at promoting sericin as a natural product able to counteract the hazards of toxic elements, HPLC profile was conducted on the extracted sericin sample versus the standard one to qualitatively identify it. Following sericin treatment on human HepG2 liver cancer cells, many parameters were analyzed in vitro including cell viability, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis. Hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as histopathological and ultrastructure changes were evaluated in vivo in the different experimental groups. RESULTS Sericin exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 14.12 + 0.75 μg/mL. The hepatotoxicity of DEN was manifested in mice by increased pro-inflammatory markers (IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α), decreased IL-10, liver structure deterioration, and characteristic histopathological and ultrastructure changes. Sericin administration reversed most of the observed alterations inflected by DEN. CONCLUSIONS Our results substantiate the sericin's powerful apoptotic impact in vitro. In experimental mice, combination treatment using sericin together with melatonin appears to be more potent in mitigating the adverse effects of DEN. However, further investigations are needed to identify the underlying mechanism of action and complement the knowledge about the expected medicinal values of sericin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basant A Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ismail A Sadek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, 21526 Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dong W, Flaven-Pouchon J, Gao YH, Song CY, El Wakil A, Zhang JZ, Moussian B. Chitinase 6 is required for procuticle thickening and organ shape in Drosophila wing. Insect Sci 2023; 30:268-278. [PMID: 36114809 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The polysaccharide chitin is a major scaffolding molecule in the insect cuticle. In order to be functional, both chitin amounts and chitin organization have been shown to be important parameters. Despite great advances in the past decade, the molecular mechanisms of chitin synthesis and organization are not fully understood. Here, we have characterized the function of the Chitinase 6 (Cht6) in the formation of the wing, which is a simple flat cuticle organ, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Reduction of Cht6 function by RNA interference during wing development does not affect chitin organization, but entails a thinner cuticle suggesting reduced chitin amounts. This phenotype is opposed to the one reported recently to be caused by reduction of Cht10 expression. Probably as a consequence, cuticle permeability to xenobiotics is enhanced in Cht6-less wings. We also observed massive deformation of these wings. In addition, the shape of the abdomen is markedly changed upon abdominal suppression of Cht6. Finally, we found that suppression of Cht6 transcript levels influences the expression of genes coding for enzymes of the chitin biosynthesis pathway. This finding indicates that wing epidermal cells respond to activity changes of Cht6 probably trying to adjust chitin amounts. Together, in a working model, we propose that Cht6-introduced modifications of chitin are needed for chitin synthesis to proceed correctly. Cuticle thickness, according to our hypothesis, is in turn required for correct organ or body part shape. The molecular mechanisms of this processes shall be characterized in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Ying-Hao Gao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chen-Yang Song
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Faculty of Education, Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jian-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- INRAE, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arafat EA, El-Sayed DS, Hussein HK, Flaven-Pouchon J, Moussian B, El-Samad LM, El Wakil A, Hassan MA. Entomotherapeutic Role of Periplaneta americana Extract in Alleviating Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles-Induced Testicular Oxidative Impairment in Migratory Locusts (Locusta migratoria) as an Ecotoxicological Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030653. [PMID: 36978901 PMCID: PMC10045266 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we shed light for the first time on the usage of migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria) as an insect model to investigate the nanotoxicological influence of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles at low doses on testes, and evaluate the capacity of a whole-body extract of American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) (PAE) to attenuate Al2O3 NPs-induced toxicity. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer (EDX) analysis verified the bioaccumulation of Al in testicular tissues due to its liberation from Al2O3 NPs, implying their penetration into the blood–testis barrier. Remarkably, toxicity with Al engendered disorders of antioxidant and stress biomarkers associated with substantial DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, histopathological and ultrastructural analyses manifested significant aberrations in the testicular tissues from the group exposed to Al2O3 NPs, indicating the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Molecular docking analysis emphasized the antioxidant capacity of some compounds derived from PAE. Thus, pretreatment with PAE counteracted the detrimental effects of Al in the testes, revealing antioxidant properties and thwarting DNA impairment and cell apoptosis. Moreover, histological and ultrastructural examinations revealed no anomalies in the testes. Overall, these findings substantiate the potential applications of PAE in preventing the testicular impairment of L. migratoria and the conceivable utilization of locusts for nanotoxicology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A. Arafat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Doaa S. El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Hussein K. Hussein
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Justin Flaven-Pouchon
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, 37073 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lamia M. El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Hassan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
El-Samad LM, Hassan MA, Basha AA, El-Ashram S, Radwan EH, Abdul Aziz KK, Tamer TM, Augustyniak M, El Wakil A. Carboxymethyl cellulose/sericin-based hydrogels with intrinsic antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties promote re-epithelization of diabetic wounds in rats. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122328. [PMID: 36280221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Hassan E, Magdy S, Attaallah A, Gaber E, Mansour O, Gomaa RA, Odessy H, Augustyniak M, El-Samad LM, El Wakil A. Silk sericin alleviates aberrant photoperiod-induced alterations in testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis in adult mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:158. [PMID: 36401334 PMCID: PMC9673413 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroidogenesis is a complex process of sequential enzymatic reactions affected by climate change. Animals respond to altered day length, the so-called photoperiod, with changes in physiology. The study aimed to an evaluation of sericin effect in alleviating steroidogenesis disorders induced by disturbed photoperiod in mice. METHODS The animals were randomly divided into three groups according to the lighting cycle: a control group with a standard 12Light:12Dark cycle, a short-term photoperiod group with a 6Light:18Dark cycle, and a long-term photoperiod group with an 18Light:6Dark cycle. Both short and long-term groups were subdivided into two equal subgroups: The placebo and the sericin-treated subgroups received, for five weeks from prepubertal throughout adulthood, one intraperitoneal injection per week of the solvent and 1 g sericin/kg body weight, respectively. RESULTS Selected oxidative stress parameters and testicular and adrenal steroidogenic capacities of adult mice were measured. After five weeks, the placebo group with impaired photoperiod showed a decrease in the quality and quantity of sperm and a reduction in testosterone, corticosterone, aldosterone, total antioxidant capacity, xanthine oxidase, and melatonin. At the same time, in these groups, there was an increase in the level of aromatase, malondialdehyde, cholesterol, and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) expression in the adrenal cortex and an enhancement in histological lesions. Mice receiving sericin had parameters similar to the control group. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that silk sericin can reduce the stress caused by photoperiod disorders regarding testicular function, sex hormone levels, and sperm quantity and quality. Thus, sericin is a biocompatible protein with a promising potential for its use in the case of organisms living under an abnormal photoperiod.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hassan
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shahinaz Magdy
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany Attaallah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Eman Gaber
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omnia Mansour
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Gomaa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala Odessy
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
El-Seedi HR, El-Wahed AAA, Naggar YA, Saeed A, Xiao J, Ullah H, Musharraf SG, Boskabady MH, Cao W, Guo Z, Daglia M, El Wakil A, Wang K, Khalifa SAM. Insights into the Role of Natural Products in the Control of the Honey Bee Gut Parasite ( Nosema spp.). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3062. [PMID: 36359186 PMCID: PMC9656094 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The honey bee is an important economic insect due to its role in pollinating many agricultural plants. Unfortunately, bees are susceptible to many pathogens, including pests, parasites, bacteria, and viruses, most of which exert a destructive impact on thousands of colonies. The occurrence of resistance to the therapeutic substances used against these organisms is rising, and the residue from these chemicals may accumulate in honey bee products, subsequently affecting the human health. There is current advice to avoid the use of antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and other drugs in bees, and therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative strategies for the treatment of bee diseases. In this context, the impact of nosema diseases (nosemosis) on bee health and the negative insults of existing drugs are discussed. Moreover, attempts to combat nosema through the use of alternative compounds, including essential oils, plant extracts, and microbes in vitro and in vivo, are documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham R. El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Nanjing 210024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32512, Egypt
| | - Aida A. Abd El-Wahed
- Department of Bee Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12627, Egypt
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Syed G. Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad H. Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Maria Daglia
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria 215260, Egypt
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
El-Samad LM, Bakr NR, El-Ashram S, Radwan EH, Abdul Aziz KK, Hussein HK, El Wakil A, Hassan MA. Silver nanoparticles instigate physiological, genotoxicity, and ultrastructural anomalies in midgut tissues of beetles. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 367:110166. [PMID: 36087814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have long been materials of great interest in numerous fields; however, there is escalating alarm over their toxicity to public health since exposure to these particles is inevitable. This study sheds light on the deleterious impacts of AgNPs on the midgut tissues of beetles (Blaps polychresta) collected from Egypt as a biological model. The investigations were conducted on the beetles administered with a sublethal dose of AgNPs (0.03 mg/g body weight) after 30 days. Oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed, which exposed critical disruption in the antioxidant defense system of treated beetles. Remarkably, metallothionein (MT) gene expression was significantly increased, while reduced glutathione (GSH) level was notably decreased in midgut tissues subjected to AgNPs. These findings manifestly imply the presence of overproduction in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the cells. Additionally, DNA impairment and apoptosis of midgut cells were appraised employing comet and flow cytometry analyses, respectively. The comet results revealed a significant increase in comet cells for the AgNPs treated beetles compared with the control group. Furthermore, the apoptosis results demonstrated a substantial diminution in viable cells with significant growth in apoptotic cells in midgut cells exposed to AgNPs, manifesting their striking correlation with comet and biochemical findings. Noticeably, the histopathological and ultrastructural inspections revealed substantial aberrations in the midgut tissues in the AgNPs treated group, substantiating the previous results. As far as we know, no research has been found that surveyed how the AgNPs at low doses affect the midgut tissues of beetles. Overall, these findings evince the aberrant influences of AgNPs on living organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nahed R Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong Province, China; Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Eman H Radwan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | | | - Hussein K Hussein
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hassan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934, Alexandria, Egypt; University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
El-Ansary RE, El-Dabae WH, Bream AS, El Wakil A. Isolation and molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease virus from hard ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus in Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:302. [PMID: 35932057 PMCID: PMC9354321 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumpy skin disease (LSD), a disease of cattle and buffaloes, has recently become widely prevalent in Egypt. The aim of this study was to ascertain the potential role of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus ticks in the transmission of this disease. Samples collected from suspected lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infected cows that had previously been vaccinated with the Romanian sheep pox virus (SPPV) in various Egyptian governorates were obtained between May to November over two consecutive years, namely 2018 and 2019. Ticks were morphologically identified and the partial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) were sequenced, revealing that they were closely related to R. (Boophilus) annulatus. The G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) gene of the LSDV was used to test hard ticks. RESULTS Two positive samples from Kafr El-Sheikh province and one positive sample from Al-Behera province were reported. BLAST analysis revealed that the positive samples were closely related to the Kazakhstani Kubash/KAZ/16 strain (accession number MN642592). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the GPCR gene of the LSDV recently circulating in Egypt belongs to a global cluster of field LSDV with a nucleotide identity of 98-100%. LSDV isolation was successfully performed four days after inoculation using 9 to 11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs showing characteristic focal white pock lesions dispersed on the choriallantoic membrane after three blind passages. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, cell rupture, vacuoles in cells, and virus particles ovoid in shape were demonstrated by electron microscopy. CONCLUSION In this study the role of hard ticks in the transmission of the LSDV to susceptible animals in Egypt was revealed and confirmed by various methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramy E El-Ansary
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Wahid H El-Dabae
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Bream
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
El-Samad LM, El-Gerbed MS, Hussein HS, Flaven-Pouchon J, El Wakil A, Moussian B. Imidacloprid-induced pathophysiological damage in the midgut of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in the field. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:57644-57655. [PMID: 35353308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are modern insecticides widely used in agriculture worldwide. Their impact on target (nervous system) and non-target (midgut) tissues has been well studied in beneficial insects including honeybees under controlled conditions. However, their detailed effects on pest insects on the field are missing to date. Here, we have studied the effects of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid on the midgut of the pest insect Locusta migratoria caught in the field. We found that in the midgut of imidacloprid-exposed locusts the activity of enzymes involved in reactive oxygen metabolism was perturbed. By contrast, the activity of P450 enzymes that have been shown to be activated in a detoxification response and that were also reported to produce reactive oxygen species was elevated. Probably as a consequence, markers of oxidative stress including protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation accumulated in midgut samples of these locusts. Histological analyses revealed that their midgut epithelium is disorganized and that the brush border of the epithelial cells is markedly reduced. Indeed, microvilli are significantly shorter, misshapen and possibly non-functional in imidacloprid-treated locusts. We hypothesize that imidacloprid induces oxidative stress in the locust midgut, thereby changing the shape of midgut epithelial cells and probably in turn compromising their physiological function. Presumably, these effects reduce the survival rate of imidacloprid-treated locusts and the damage they cause in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S El-Gerbed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Hussein
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Justin Flaven-Pouchon
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
El-Ashram S, Toto NA, El Wakil A, Augustyniak M, El-Samad LM. Reduced body length and morphological disorders in Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae reared on aluminum phosphide-treated rabbits. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8358. [PMID: 35589839 PMCID: PMC9120514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the time of death based on the growth and development of insects is a critical task in forensic entomology. The rate of larvae development can be affected by a variety of toxins, including pesticides. Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a low-cost insecticide that has yet to be tested for entomotoxicological significance, despite the fact that it is frequently the cause of fatal poisoning. In this study, we measured the body length of Chrysomya albiceps larvae reared on the carcasses of rabbits poisoned with AlP and analyzed the morphological changes of the larvae reared on the carcasses of rabbits poisoned with AlP. The concentration of AlP in the body of the larvae was significantly lower than in rabbit tissues. Insects from the AlP group had a significantly lower gain in body length. Furthermore, deformities in the larvae were found. Smaller respiratory spiracles were found, as well as a deformed small posterior end with hypogenesis of the posterior respiratory spiracles. Thus, disturbed growth and development of carrion flies found at a crime scene could indicate pesticide poisoning, such as aluminum phosphide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed El-Ashram
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Noura A Toto
- Department of Zoology, Faulty of Science, Damanhour University, El Beheira, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faulty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khedr MA, El Sayed HG, El Wakil A. Perceived stress in multiple sclerosis patients: Relationship with mood states and pain experience. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 59:103650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Toto NA, Elhenawy HI, Eltaweil AS, El-Ashram S, El-Samad LM, Moussian B, El Wakil A. Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) as a biological model for the assessment of magnetite nanoparticles toxicity. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151483. [PMID: 34742953 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) is rapidly expanding; there is a critical need for efficient assays to first determine the potential toxicity of NPs before their use in human applications. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) have tremendous applications which include cell separation, arsenic removal from water and DNA separation. Spherically shaped Fe3O4 NPs with sizes ranging from 23 to 30 nm were used in this study. The housefly, Musca domestica is the most common fly species. It is present worldwide and considered to be an important medical insect which can carry and transmit over 100 human pathogens and zoonotic agents. It has been used in this study to assess Fe3O4NPs toxicity and give us an overview of their impact. The larvicidal activity of Fe3O4NPs was tested against the third instar larvae of M. domestica. We investigated the effects of six varying concentrations (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 μg/mL) used under laboratory conditions in two differential application assays: contact and feeding. The LC50 value for Fe3O4 NPs was 60 and 75 μg/mL by feeding and contact, respectively. To investigate the toxicity effects of Fe3O4 NPs on houseflies, morphological and histoarchitectural changes in larvae, pupae and adult flies were analyzed. NP exposure caused morphological abnormalities of larvae and pupae as well as larval pupal intermediates, and deformed adult with crumpled wings. Also, some adults couldn't emerge and remained in their puparia. The histological examinations showed that Fe3O4 NPs caused severe tissue damage especially in the cuticle and the digestive system. Thus, besides affecting the organ of first contact (digestive system), remote organs such as the integument are also targeted by Fe3O4 NPs suggesting a systemic impact on fly development and physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura A Toto
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Hanan I Elhenawy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China; Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice Cedex, France
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
El-Samad LM, El-Ashram S, Hussein HK, Abdul-Aziz KK, Radwan EH, Bakr NR, El Wakil A, Augustyniak M. Time-delayed effects of a single application of AgNPs on structure of testes and functions in Blaps polychresta Forskal, 1775 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150644. [PMID: 34597572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are currently the most frequently used engineered nanoparticles. The penetration of AgNPs into ecosystems is undeniable, and their adverse effects on organism reproduction are of fundamental importance for ecosystem stability. In this study, the survival time of the Egyptian beetle Blaps polychresta Forskal, 1775 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), after a single application of 7 different doses, was calculated for 30 days. Then, for the group for which the effect on mortality was calculated as LOAEL - the Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level, namely, 0.03 mg AgNPs/g body weight (b.w.t.), the following were assessed: structure and ultrastructure of gonads by TEM and SEM, cell viability by cytometry, DNA damage by the comet assay, and a variety of stress markers by spectrophotometric methods. A dose-dependent reduction in the survival time of the insects was revealed. Detailed analysis of the testes of beetles treated with 0.03 mg AgNPs/g b.w.t. revealed numerous adverse effects of nanoparticles in structure and ultrastructure, accompanied by increased apoptosis (but not necrosis), increased DNA damage, increased lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes. Most likely, the observed results are connected with the gradual release of Ag+ from the surface of the nanoparticles, which, once applied, are internalized in cells and become a long-lasting, stable source of Ag+ ions. Thus, a single exposure to AgNPs may have the effects of chronic exposure and lead to structural damage and dysfunction of the gonads of B. polychresta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China; Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Hussein K Hussein
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Eman H Radwan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Nahed R Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
El-Ashram S, El-Samad LM, Basha AA, El Wakil A. Naturally-derived targeted therapy for wound healing: Beyond classical strategies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105749. [PMID: 34214630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the four processes of wound healing in the human body (hemostasis, inflammatory, proliferation, and remodeling) and the most current research on the most important factors affecting cutaneous wound healing and the underlying cellular and/or molecular pathways. Local factors, including temperature, oxygenation, and infection, and systemic factors, such as age, diabetes, sex hormones, genetic components, autoimmune diseases, psychological stress, smoking and obesity are also addressed. A better understanding of the role of these factors in wound repair could result in the development of therapeutics that promote wound healing and resolve affected wounds. Additionally, natural products obtained from plants and animals are critical targets for the discovery of novel biologically significant pharmacophores, such as medicines and agrochemicals. This review outlines the most recent advances in naturally derived targeted treatment for wound healing. These are plant-derived natural products, insect-derived natural products, marine-derived natural products, nanomaterial-based wound-healing therapeutics (metal- and non-metal-based nanoparticles), and natural product-based nanomedicine to improve the future direction of wound healing. Natural products extracted from plants and animals have advanced significantly, particularly in the treatment of wound healing. As a result, the isolation and extraction of bioactive compounds from a variety of sources can continue to advance our understanding of wound healing. Undescribed bioactive compounds or unexplored formulations that could have a role in today's medicinal arsenal may be contained in the abundance of natural products and natural product derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, Guangdong Province, China; Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Amal A Basha
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Borenäs M, Umapathy G, Lai WY, Lind DE, Witek B, Guan J, Mendoza-Garcia P, Masudi T, Claeys A, Chuang TP, El Wakil A, Arefin B, Fransson S, Koster J, Johansson M, Gaarder J, Van den Eynden J, Hallberg B, Palmer RH. ALK ligand ALKAL2 potentiates MYCN-driven neuroblastoma in the absence of ALK mutation. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105784. [PMID: 33411331 PMCID: PMC7849294 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐risk neuroblastoma (NB) is responsible for a disproportionate number of childhood deaths due to cancer. One indicator of high‐risk NB is amplification of the neural MYC (MYCN) oncogene, which is currently therapeutically intractable. Identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as an NB oncogene raised the possibility of using ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in treatment of patients with activating ALK mutations. 8–10% of primary NB patients are ALK‐positive, a figure that increases in the relapsed population. ALK is activated by the ALKAL2 ligand located on chromosome 2p, along with ALK and MYCN, in the “2p‐gain” region associated with NB. Dysregulation of ALK ligand in NB has not been addressed, although one of the first oncogenes described was v‐sis that shares > 90% homology with PDGF. Therefore, we tested whether ALKAL2 ligand could potentiate NB progression in the absence of ALK mutation. We show that ALKAL2 overexpression in mice drives ALK TKI‐sensitive NB in the absence of ALK mutation, suggesting that additional NB patients, such as those exhibiting 2p‐gain, may benefit from ALK TKI‐based therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Borenäs
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wei-Yun Lai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan E Lind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Barbara Witek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jikui Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Patricia Mendoza-Garcia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tafheem Masudi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arne Claeys
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tzu-Po Chuang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Badrul Arefin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Johansson
- Clinical Genomics, Science for life laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennie Gaarder
- Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
El-Ashram S, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Salama D, Mei K, Zhili L, Shujian H, Zhang H, Aboelhadid SM, Alajmi RA, Metwally DM, El-Khadragy MF, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G, Cenci-Goga BT, Karama M, Marufu MC, Abouhajer F, Ali Abdelhafez Hamady G, El Wakil A, Al Nasr I, Suo X. A rapid and simple single-step method for the purification of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites. Vet Med Sci 2020; 7:357-361. [PMID: 32979302 PMCID: PMC8025613 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a simple method for the large‐scale isolation of pure Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites. T. gondii tachyzoites were obtained from infected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and peritoneal exudates of mice, while tissue cysts containing bradyzoites were collected from chronically infected mice. Harvested cells and brain tissues were incubated in Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS), containing 0.25% trypsin and 0.5% taurodeoxycholic acid (TDC) for 5 min. Subsequent washes in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were conducted, and the cell viability of the preparations was good, as determined by flow cytometry and ability to reinfect HFF cells and propagate in mice. The purification procedure allowed for a rapid preparation of pure T. gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites in sufficient quantity that can be used for downstream procedures. The advantage of the new method is that it is convenient and inexpensive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China.,Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dina Salama
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Disease, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.,Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kun Mei
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Zhili
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huang Shujian
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haoji Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Reem A Alajmi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina M Metwally
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal F El-Khadragy
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Beniamino T Cenci-Goga
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Laboratorio di Ispezione degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Musafiri Karama
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Munyaradzi C Marufu
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Fathi Abouhajer
- Faculty of Education, Asmarya University for Islamic Sciences, Zliten, Libya
| | | | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological & Geological Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Al Nasr
- College of Science and Arts in Unaizah, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia.,College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xun Suo
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Witek B, El Wakil A, Nord C, Ahlgren U, Eriksson M, Vernersson-Lindahl E, Helland Å, Alexeyev OA, Hallberg B, Palmer RH. Targeted Disruption of ALK Reveals a Potential Role in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123542. [PMID: 25955180 PMCID: PMC4425494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking ALK activity have previously been reported to exhibit subtle behavioral phenotypes. In this study of ALK of loss of function mice we present data supporting a role for ALK in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in male mice. We observed lower level of serum testosterone at P40 in ALK knock-out males, accompanied by mild disorganization of seminiferous tubules exhibiting decreased numbers of GATA4 expressing cells. These observations highlight a role for ALK in testis function and are further supported by experiments in which chemical inhibition of ALK activity with the ALK TKI crizotinib was employed. Oral administration of crizotinib resulted in a decrease of serum testosterone levels in adult wild type male mice, which reverted to normal levels after cessation of treatment. Analysis of GnRH expression in neurons of the hypothalamus revealed a significant decrease in the number of GnRH positive neurons in ALK knock-out mice at P40 when compared with control littermates. Thus, ALK appears to be involved in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism by regulating the timing of pubertal onset and testis function at the upper levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Witek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Nord
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleg A. Alexeyev
- Institution for Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail: (RHP); (BH)
| | - Ruth H. Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail: (RHP); (BH)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Umapathy G, El Wakil A, Witek B, Chesler L, Danielson L, Deng X, Gray NS, Johansson M, Kvarnbrink S, Ruuth K, Schönherr C, Palmer RH, Hallberg B. The kinase ALK stimulates the kinase ERK5 to promote the expression of the oncogene MYCN in neuroblastoma. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra102. [PMID: 25351247 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is an important molecular target in neuroblastoma. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors abrogating ALK activity are currently in clinical use for the treatment of ALK-positive (ALK(+)) disease, monotherapy with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors may not be an adequate solution for ALK(+) neuroblastoma patients. Increased expression of the gene encoding the transcription factor MYCN is common in neuroblastomas and correlates with poor prognosis. We found that the kinase ERK5 [also known as big mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1 (BMK1)] is activated by ALK through a pathway mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, MAPK kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3), and MAPK kinase 5 (MEK5). ALK-induced transcription of MYCN and stimulation of cell proliferation required ERK5. Pharmacological or RNA interference-mediated inhibition of ERK5 suppressed the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells in culture and enhanced the antitumor efficacy of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib in both cells and xenograft models. Together, our results indicate that ERK5 mediates ALK-induced transcription of MYCN and proliferation of neuroblastoma, suggesting that targeting both ERK5 and ALK may be beneficial in neuroblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Barbara Witek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Louis Chesler
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Laura Danielson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Xianming Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Seeley G. Mudd Building, 628A, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Seeley G. Mudd Building, 628A, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Samuel Kvarnbrink
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Kristina Ruuth
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christina Schönherr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Latre de Late P, El Wakil A, Jarjat M, de Krijger RR, Heckert LL, Naquet P, Lalli E. Vanin-1 inactivation antagonizes the development of adrenocortical neoplasia in Sf-1 transgenic mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2349-54. [PMID: 24712878 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SF-1 (NR5A1) overexpression can induce adrenocortical tumor formation in transgenic mice and is associated with more severe prognosis in patients with adrenocortical cancer. In this study we have identified Vanin-1 (Vnn1), a SF-1 target gene, as a novel modulator of the tumorigenic effect of Sf-1 overexpression in the adrenal cortex. Vanin-1 is endowed with pantetheinase activity, releasing cysteamine in tissues and regulating cell response to oxidative stress by modulating the production of glutathione. Sf-1 transgenic mice developed adrenocortical neoplastic lesions (both dysplastic and nodular) with a frequency increasing with age. Genetic ablation of the Vnn1 gene in Sf-1 transgenic mice significantly reduced the severity of neoplastic lesions in the adrenal cortex. This effect could be reversed by treatment of Sf-1 transgenic/Vnn1 null mice with cysteamine. These data show that alteration of the mechanisms controlling intracellular redox and detoxification mechanisms is relevant to the pathogenesis of adrenocortical neoplasia induced by SF-1 overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perle Latre de Late
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS (P.L.D.L., A.E.W., M.J., E.L.) Valbonne 06560, France; Associated International Laboratory for the Study of the ALterations of Gene Expression in Childhood Cancers CNRS (P.L.D.L., A.E.W., M.J., E.L.), Valbonne 06560, France; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis (P.L.D.L., A.E.W., M.J., E.L.), Valbonne 06560, France; Department of Pathology (R.R.K.), Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (L.L.H.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160; Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (P.N.), Aix-Marseille University, UM2, Marseille, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (P.N.), U1104, Marseille, France; and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (P.N.), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lalli E, Doghman M, Latre de Late P, El Wakil A, Mus-Veteau I. Beyond steroidogenesis: novel target genes for SF-1 discovered by genomics. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 371:154-9. [PMID: 23168267 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that has an essential role in the development of adrenal glands and gonads and in the regulation of steroidogenic gene expression. Recent studies using genomic approaches have revealed that SF-1 also has an important role in regulating proliferation of adrenocortical cells and have revealed its role in the control of a variety of biological processes as diverse as angiogenesis, adhesion to the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton dynamics, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and apoptosis in the adrenal cortex. The identification of the complete set of SF-1 target genes will be of great importance to open new avenues for therapeutic intervention in adrenal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR 7275, Valbonne, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Penton D, Bandulik S, Schweda F, Haubs S, Tauber P, Reichold M, Cong LD, El Wakil A, Budde T, Lesage F, Lalli E, Zennaro MC, Warth R, Barhanin J. Task3 potassium channel gene invalidation causes low renin and salt-sensitive arterial hypertension. Endocrinology 2012; 153:4740-8. [PMID: 22878402 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Task1 and Task3 potassium channels (Task: tandem of P domains in a weak inward rectifying K(+) channel-related acid-sensitive K(+) channel) are believed to control the membrane voltage of aldosterone-producing adrenal glomerulosa cells. This study aimed at understanding the role of Task3 for the control of aldosterone secretion. The adrenal phenotype of Task3(-/-) mice was investigated using electrophysiology, adrenal slices, and blood pressure measurements. Primary adrenocortical cells of Task3(-/-) mice were strongly depolarized compared with wild-type (-52 vs. -79 mV), and in fresh adrenal slices Ca(2+) signaling of Task3(-/-) glomerulosa cells was abnormal. In living Task3(-/-) mice, the regulation of aldosterone secretion showed specific deficits: Under low Na(+) and high K(+) diets, protocols known to increase aldosterone, and under standard diet, Task3 inactivation was compensated and aldosterone was normal. However, high Na(+) and low K(+) diets, two protocols known to lower aldosterone, failed to lower aldosterone in Task3(-/-) mice. The physiological regulation of aldosterone was disturbed: aldosterone-renin ratio, an indicator of autonomous aldosterone secretion, was 3-fold elevated at standard and high Na(+) diets. Isolated adrenal glands of Task3(-/-) produced 2-fold more aldosterone. As a consequence, Task3(-/-) mice showed salt-sensitive arterial hypertension (plus 10 mm Hg). In conclusion, Task3 plays an important role in the adaptation of aldosterone secretion to dietary salt intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Penton
- University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
El Wakil A, Bandulik S, Guy N, Bendahhou S, Zennaro MC, Niehrs C, Mari B, Warth R, Barhanin J, Lalli E. Dkk3 is a component of the genetic circuitry regulating aldosterone biosynthesis in the adrenal cortex. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4922-9. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
31
|
El Wakil A, Doghman M, Latre De Late P, Zambetti GP, Figueiredo BC, Lalli E. Genetics and genomics of childhood adrenocortical tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 336:169-73. [PMID: 21094206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical tumors in children are usually diagnosed because of signs of virilization and their prognosis is poor. They possess several distinct pathological features compared to adrenocortical tumors in adults and have an exceptional prevalence in southern Brazil, where they are nearly invariably linked to the presence of a germline specific TP53 (R337H) mutation. Other important factors in childhood adrenocortical tumor pathogenesis are overexpression of the Steroidogenic Factor-1 transcription factor and imprinting defects in the 11p15 genomic region, causing overexpression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-2. Genomic studies have revealed the prognostic relevance of the expression of some Major Histocompatibility Complex genes and the deregulation of the Insulin-like Growth Factor/mammalian Target Of Rapamycin pathway by microRNAs in these tumors. Our hope is that these findings will constitute the basis for the development of novel therapies that will be more active against these tumors and less toxic for the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer El Wakil
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 6097, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
El Wakil A, Lalli E. The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in adrenocortical development and cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 332:32-7. [PMID: 21094679 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Signaling by the Wnt family of secreted glycolipoproteins plays key roles in embryonic development of organisms ranging from nematodes to mammals and is also implicated in several types of human cancers. Canonical Wnt signaling functions by regulating the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus, where it controls key gene expression programs through interaction with Tcf/Lef and other families of transcription factors. Wnts can also act through non-canonical pathways that do not involve β-catenin activation, but implicate small GTPases/JNK kinase and intracellular calcium. Here we review recent studies that have revealed the expression of several components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the adrenal cortex and discovered a key role for this pathway in the regulation of proliferation/differentiation of progenitor cells and in tumorigenesis of that endocrine organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer El Wakil
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 6097, Valbonne, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Doghman M, El Wakil A, Cardinaud B, Thomas E, Wang J, Zhao W, Peralta-Del Valle MHC, Figueiredo BC, Zambetti GP, Lalli E. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling by microRNA in childhood adrenocortical tumors. Cancer Res 2010; 70:4666-75. [PMID: 20484036 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act at the posttranscriptional level to control gene expression in virtually every biological process, including oncogenesis. Here, we report the identification of a set of miRNAs that are differentially regulated in childhood adrenocortical tumors (ACT), including miR-99a and miR-100. Functional analysis of these miRNAs in ACT cell lines showed that they coordinately regulate expression of the insulin-like growth factor-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-raptor signaling pathway through binding sites in their 3'-untranslated regions. In these cells, the active Ser(2448)-phosphorylated form of mTOR is present only in mitotic cells in association with the mitotic spindle and midbody in the G(2)-M phases of the cell cycle. Pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR signaling by everolimus greatly reduces tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of regulation of mTOR signaling by miRNAs, and they lay the groundwork for clinical evaluation of drugs inhibiting the mTOR pathway for treatment of adrenocortical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mabrouka Doghman
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Heitzmann D, Derand R, Jungbauer S, Bandulik S, Sterner C, Schweda F, El Wakil A, Lalli E, Guy N, Mengual R, Reichold M, Tegtmeier I, Bendahhou S, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Aller MI, Wisden W, Weber A, Lesage F, Warth R, Barhanin J. Invalidation of TASK1 potassium channels disrupts adrenal gland zonation and mineralocorticoid homeostasis. EMBO J 2007; 27:179-87. [PMID: 18034154 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
TASK1 (KCNK3) and TASK3 (KCNK9) are two-pore domain potassium channels highly expressed in adrenal glands. TASK1/TASK3 heterodimers are believed to contribute to the background conductance whose inhibition by angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion. We used task1-/- mice to analyze the role of this channel in adrenal gland function. Task1-/- exhibited severe hyperaldosteronism independent of salt intake, hypokalemia, and arterial 'low-renin' hypertension. The hyperaldosteronism was fully remediable by glucocorticoids. The aldosterone phenotype was caused by an adrenocortical zonation defect. Aldosterone synthase was absent in the outer cortex normally corresponding to the zona glomerulosa, but abundant in the reticulo-fasciculata zone. The impaired mineralocorticoid homeostasis and zonation were independent of the sex in young mice, but were restricted to females in adults. Patch-clamp experiments on adrenal cells suggest that task3 and other K+ channels compensate for the task1 absence. Adrenal zonation appears as a dynamic process that even can take place in adulthood. The striking changes in the adrenocortical architecture in task1-/- mice are the first demonstration of the causative role of a potassium channel in development/differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Heitzmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Locksley RM, Wakil AE, Corry DB, Pingel S, Bix M, Fowell DJ. The development of effector T cell subsets in murine Leishmania major infection. Ciba Found Symp 2007; 195:110-7; discussion 117-22. [PMID: 8724833 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514849.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania major infection has proven an exceptional model for CD4+ subset development in inbred mice. Most strains contain infection coincident with the appearance of T helper 1 (Th1) cells that produce gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) required for macrophage activation. In contrast, mice on the BALB background are unable to control infection due to the development of Th2 cells that produce counter-regulatory cytokines, particularly interleukin 4 (IL-4), capable of abrogating the effects of IFN-gamma. Selective gene disruption studies in mice have illustrated critical components of the host response to L. major. Mice deficient in beta 2 microglobulin, which have no major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or CD8+ T cells, control infection as well as wild-type mice, whereas mice deficient in MHC class II (and CD4+ T cells) suffer fatal infection. Mice with disruption of the gene coding IFN-gamma are also incapable of containing infection, reflecting absolute requirements for this cytokine. A number of interventions have been demonstrated to abrogate Th2 cell development in BALB mice, enabling these mice to control infection. Each of these--IL-12, anti-IL-4, anti-IL-2, anti-CD4 and CTLA4-Ig--has in common the capacity to make IL-4 rate limiting at the time of CD4+ cell priming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
El Wakil A, Francius C, Wolff A, Pleau-Varet J, Nardelli J. The GATA2 transcription factor negatively regulates the proliferation of neuronal progenitors. Development 2006; 133:2155-65. [PMID: 16672344 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Postmitotic neurons are produced from a pool of cycling progenitors in an orderly fashion that requires proper spatial and temporal coordination of proliferation, fate determination, differentiation and morphogenesis. This probably relies on complex interplay between mechanisms that control cell cycle, specification and differentiation. In this respect, we have studied the possible implication of GATA2, a transcription factor that is involved in several neuronal specification pathways, in the control of the proliferation of neural progenitors in the embryonic spinal cord. Using gain- and loss-of-function manipulations, we have shown that Gata2 can drive neural progenitors out of the cycle and, to some extent, into differentiation. This correlates with the control of cyclin D1 transcription and of the expression of the p27/Kip1 protein. Interestingly, this functional aspect is not only associated with silencing of the Notch pathway but also appears to be independent of proneural function. Consistently, GATA2 also controls the proliferation capacity of mouse embryonic neuroepithelial cells in culture. Indeed, Gata2 inactivation enhances the proliferation rate in these cells. By contrast, GATA2 overexpression is sufficient to force such cells and neuroblastoma cells to stop dividing but not to drive either type of cell into differentiation. Furthermore, a non-cell autonomous effect of Gata2 expression was observed in vivo as well as in vitro. Hence, our data have provided evidence for the ability of Gata2 to inhibit the proliferation of neural progenitors, and they further suggest that, in this regard, Gata2 can operate independently of neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer El Wakil
- UMR CNRS 7000, Cytosquelette et Développement, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Krekulova L, Rehak V, Wakil AE, Harris E, Riley LW. Nested restriction site-specific PCR to detect and type hepatitis C virus (HCV): a rapid method to distinguish HCV subtype 1b from other genotypes. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:1774-80. [PMID: 11325989 PMCID: PMC88024 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.5.1774-1780.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2000] [Accepted: 02/22/2001] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotypic differentiation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become an integral part of clinical management and epidemiologic studies of hepatitis C infections. Thus, it is extremely important in areas such as the Czech Republic, where current instrumentation and kits for assessing HCV infection are too costly for widespread use. We describe a new and relatively inexpensive method called nested restriction site-specific PCR (RSS-PCR) that generates a "fingerprint" pattern to represent an HCV genotype without the use of restriction endonucleases and that specifically differentiates HCV genotype 1b from the other HCV genotypes. The RSS-PCR method was applied directly to serum samples from patients with hepatitis C from the Czech Republic and from patients with known HCV genotypes from the United States. The method was validated by comparison of the subtype determined by RSS-PCR to the subtype determined from analysis of the 5' noncoding region (NC) or the nonstructural protein gene (NS5b) nucleotide sequence of HCV in these clinical samples. From 75 Czech samples containing HCV RNA, three distinct RSS-PCR patterns were observed; 54 were predicted to contain subtype 1b, 19 were predicted to contain subtype 1a, and 2 were predicted to contain subtype 3a. Among 54 samples predicted to contain HCV genotype 1b, all were confirmed by their 5' NC or NS5b sequences to be subtype 1b. Thus, both the sensitivity and specificity of the RSS-PCR test for the differentiation of HCV subtype 1b from the others were 100%. While the assay described here was designed to specifically differentiate HCV subtype 1b from the other HCV genotypes, the RSS-PCR method can be modified to differentiate any HCV genotype or subtype of interest. Its simplicity and speed may provide new opportunities to study the epidemiology of HCV infections and the relationship between HCV genotypes and clinical outcome by more laboratories throughout the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Krekulova
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Baehner R, Magrane G, Balassanian R, Chang C, Millward C, Wakil AE, Osorio RW, Waldman FM. Donor origin of neuroendocrine carcinoma in 2 transplant patients determined by molecular cytogenetics. Hum Pathol 2001. [PMID: 11112220 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(00)80015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organ transplant recipients have an increased tumor incidence owing to their immunocompromised state. The origin of such tumors, whether donor or recipient, will have a clinical impact on decision-making concerning immunosuppressive therapy, retransplantation, and for recipients of other organs from the same donors. We report molecular cytogenetic determination of donor origin in 2 cases of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma developing in sex-mismatched transplant recipients (kidney and liver). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was performed on liver core needle biopsy material from the liver transplant patient and on liver fine needle aspiration cytopreparations from the kidney transplant patient. The results for the liver transplant patient were confirmed with microsatellite allelic analysis and with comparative genomic hybridization. In both cases, FISH showed the presence of only X chromosomes within the tumor cells, indicating the donor origin of the neoplasms. FISH is an excellent method to determine neoplastic origin in sex-mismatched transplant patients. HUM PATHOL 31:1425-1429.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Baehner
- Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The diverse response of individuals within populations to infectious pathogens remains poorly understood, although genetic determinants undoubtedly contribute in substantial ways to the outcome of infection. In a mouse model of infection with the intramacrophage protozoan Leishmania major, susceptibility correlates both with aberrant helper T cell differentiation biased towards the production of interleukin 4 and with the presence of an endogenous CD4 T cell repertoire that recognizes an immunodominant parasite antigen with high frequency. In the setting of the particular ecological niche occupied by Leishmania, this combination of otherwise unrelated factors synergizes to result in exquisite susceptibility to this single pathogen, without seemingly compromising host defenses against other agents. Similar paradigms could underlie susceptibility to other pathogenic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Locksley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0654, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Locksley RM, Fowell DJ, Shinkai K, Wakil AE, Lacy D, Bix M. Development of CD4+ effector T cells and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 452:45-52. [PMID: 9889958 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5355-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which naive helper T cells differentiate into potent cytokine-expressing effectors remain critical to understanding both successful and aberrant immune responses. Studies using Leishmania major infection of mice have revealed genetic contributions to factors that influence this differentiative process. Further, antigen recognition at the level of the T cell repertoire can also profoundly affect the outcome of disease and the appearance of discrete T cell subsets. It is likely that such mechanisms also underpin genetic susceptibility to diverse other infectious and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0654, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wakil AE, Wang ZE, Ryan JC, Fowell DJ, Locksley RM. Interferon gamma derived from CD4(+) T cells is sufficient to mediate T helper cell type 1 development. J Exp Med 1998; 188:1651-6. [PMID: 9802977 PMCID: PMC2212510 DOI: 10.1084/jem.188.9.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/1998] [Revised: 08/03/1998] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) has been implicated in T helper type 1 (Th1) cell development through its ability to optimize interleukin 12 (IL-12) production from macrophages and IL-12 receptor expression on activated T cells. Various systems have suggested a role for IFN-gamma derived from the innate immune system, particularly natural killer (NK) cells, in mediating Th1 differentiation in vivo. We tested this requirement by reconstituting T cell and IFN-gamma doubly deficient mice with wild-type CD4(+) T cells and challenging the mice with pathogens that elicited either minimal or robust IL-12 in vivo (Leishmania major or Listeria monocytogenes, respectively). Th1 cells developed under both conditions, and this was unaffected by the presence or absence of IFN-gamma in non-T cells. Reconstitution with IFN-gamma-deficient CD4(+) T cells could not reestablish control over L. major, even in the presence of IFN-gamma from the NK compartment. These data demonstrate that activated T cells can maintain responsiveness to IL-12 through elaboration of endogenous IFN-gamma without requirement for an exogenous source of this cytokine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Wakil
- Department of Medicine and the Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shi Z, Wakil AE, Rockey DC. Strain-specific differences in mouse hepatic wound healing are mediated by divergent T helper cytokine responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:10663-8. [PMID: 9380692 PMCID: PMC23440 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.20.10663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/1997] [Accepted: 08/04/1997] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis represents the generalized response of the liver to injury and is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. The cellular basis of this process is complex and involves interplay of many factors, of which cytokines are prominent. We have identified divergent fibrosing responses to injury among mouse strains and taken advantage of these differences to examine and contrast T helper (Th)-derived cytokines during fibrogenesis. Liver injury was induced with carbon tetrachloride, fibrosis was quantitated, and Th1/Th2 cytokine mRNAs measured. Liver injury in BALB/c mice resulted in severe fibrosis, whereas C57BL/6 mice developed comparatively minimal fibrosis. Fibrogenesis was significantly modified in T and B cell-deficient BALB/c and C57BL/6 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice compared with wild-type counterparts, suggesting a role of Th subsets. Fibrogenic BALB/c mice exhibited a Th2 response during the wounding response, whereas C57BL/6 mice displayed a Th1 response, suggesting that hepatic fibrosis is influenced by different T helper subsets. Moreover, mice lacking interferon gamma, which default to the Th2 cytokine pathway, exhibited more pronounced fibrotic lesions than did wild-type animals. Finally, shifting of the Th2 response toward a Th1 response by treatment with neutralizing anti-interleukin 4 or with interferon gamma itself ameliorated fibrosis in BALB/c mice. These data support a role for immune modulation of hepatic fibrosis and suggest that Th cytokine subsets can modulate the fibrotic response to injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Shi
- Liver Center Laboratory and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Protection against Leishmania major infection among inbred strains of mice is dependent upon successful expansion and activation of type 1 CD4+ effector (Th1) cells, a process that is aberrant in highly susceptible BALB strains. We sought to establish whether vaccination strategies using whole parasite lysates or a characterized immunodominant antigen, the Leishmania homolog of mammalian receptor for activated protein kinase C (LACK), would be capable of protecting subsequently infected BALB mice if given within a cytokine milieu capable of biasing the immune response toward Th1 cells. When given with neutralizing antibody to IL-4, but not when given alone, subcutaneously administered soluble Leishmania antigens mediated substantial protection to BALB/c mice against subsequent infection with parasites as assessed by size of the local lesion, enhanced Th1-type immune responses, and decreased parasite burdens. Similarly, when given with recombinant IL-12, LACK conferred substantial protection to cohorts of BALB.B, BALB/c, and BALB.K mice that was associated with reduction in serum IgE levels, consistent with effects on IL-4 production. Thus altering the cytokine milieu during administration of vaccine antigens by neutralizing IL-4 induced powerful Th1 recall responses during infection that were capable of mediating substantial levels of protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Wakil
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco 94143-0654, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- D J Fowell
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco 94143, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mougneau E, Altare F, Wakil AE, Zheng S, Coppola T, Wang ZE, Waldmann R, Locksley RM, Glaichenhaus N. Expression cloning of a protective Leishmania antigen. Science 1995; 268:563-6. [PMID: 7725103 DOI: 10.1126/science.7725103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Parasite-specific CD4+ T cells have been shown to transfer protection against Leishmania major in susceptible BALB/c mice. An epitope-tagged expression library was used to identify the antigen recognized by a protective CD4+ T cell clone. The expression library allowed recombinant proteins made in bacteria to be captured by macrophages for presentation to T cells restricted to major histocompatibility complex class II. A conserved 36-kilodalton member of the tryptophan-aspartic acid repeat family of proteins was identified that was expressed in both stages of the parasite life cycle. A 24-kilodalton portion of this antigen protected susceptible mice when administered as a vaccine with interleukin-12 before infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Mougneau
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR411 CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Cleavage of DNA from Haemophilus influenzae with restriction endonucleases caused inactivation of transforming ability to an extent that depended on the genetic marker and the enzyme. The rate of inactivation, but not the final level of survival, depended on the concentration of enzyme in the restriction digest. In general, the greatest extent of inactivation of transforming activity was obtained with endonucleases that are known to produce the shortest fragments. We electrophoresed restriction digests of H. influenzae DNA in agarose gels and assayed transforming activity of DNA extracted from gel slices. In this way, we determined the lengths of restriction fragments that contain genetic markers of H. influenzae. For the marker that we studied most thoroughly (nov), the shortest restriction fragment that possessed detectable transforming activity was a 0.9-kilobase pair fragment produced by endonuclease R . PstI. The shortest marker-bearing restriction fragment that retained substantial transforming activity (50% of value for undigested DNA) was a 2.1-kilobase pair EcoRI fragment bearing the kan marker. Among marker-bearing restriction fragments 1 to 4 kilobase pairs in length, survival of transforming activity varied 10,000-fold. We relate these observations to the recent findings by Sisco and Smith (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:972-976, 1979) that efficient entry of DNA into competent H. influenzae cells appears to require the presence of a recognition sequence that is scattered throughout the Haemophilus genome in many more copies than in unrelated genomes.
Collapse
|