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Dungar BM, Schupbach CD, Jacobson JR, Kopf PG. Adrenal Corticosteroid Perturbation by the Endocrine Disruptor BDE-47 in a Human Adrenocortical Cell Line and Male Rats. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6346795. [PMID: 34370853 PMCID: PMC8402933 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been previously shown to alter various endocrine biosynthetic pathways. Growing epidemiological evidence suggests that PBDEs alter cardiovascular function. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of BDE-47 on adrenal corticosteroid pathways that play vital roles in cardiovascular homeostasis and pathophysiology. The effect of BDE-47 on aldosterone and cortisol secretion was characterized in a human adrenocortical cell line. HAC15 cells were exposed to various concentrations of BDE-47 (1 nM to 100 μM). Cell viability, corticosteroid secretion, gene expression of enzymes involved in corticosteroid synthesis, and metabolic activity was examined. Additionally, Sprague Dawley male rats were orally exposed to BDE-47 (10 or 100 µg/kg), 5 days per week for 16 weeks. Organ weights and plasma corticosteroid levels were measured. In HAC15 cells, basal and stimulated aldosterone and cortisol secretion was significantly increased by BDE-47. Gene expression of several enzymes involved in corticosteroid synthesis and mitochondrial metabolism also increased. In Sprague Dawley rats, adrenal but not heart, kidney, or liver weights, were significantly increased in BDE-47 treatment groups. Plasma corticosterone levels were significantly increased in the 100 µg BDE-47/kg treatment group. No change in plasma aldosterone levels were observed with BDE-47 exposure. These data indicate that BDE-47 disrupts the regulation of corticosteroid secretion and provides further evidence that PBDEs are potential endocrine disruptors. Future studies will determine the underlying molecular mechanism of altered corticosteroid production and examine whether these alterations result in underlying cardiovascular disease in our rodent model of 16-week BDE-47 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Dungar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Chad D Schupbach
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Jessie R Jacobson
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Phillip G Kopf
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
- Correspondence: Phillip G. Kopf, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
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Abstract
Resident progenitor and/or stem cell populations in the adult adrenal cortex enable cortical cells to undergo homeostatic renewal and regeneration after injury. Renewal occurs predominantly in the outer layers of the adrenal gland but newly formed cells undergo centripetal migration, differentiation and lineage conversion in the process of forming the different functional steroidogenic zones. Over the past 10 years, advances in the genetic characterization of adrenal diseases and studies of mouse models with altered adrenal phenotypes have helped to elucidate the molecular pathways that regulate adrenal tissue renewal, several of which are fine-tuned via complex paracrine and endocrine influences. Moreover, the adrenal gland is a sexually dimorphic organ, and testicular androgens have inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and progenitor cell recruitment in the adrenal cortex. This Review integrates these advances, including the emerging role of sex hormones, into existing knowledge on adrenocortical cell renewal. An in-depth understanding of these mechanisms is expected to contribute to the development of novel therapies for severe endocrine diseases, for which current treatments are unsatisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodanthi Lyraki
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Andreas Schedl
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France.
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Gannon AL, O’Hara L, Mason IJ, Jørgensen A, Frederiksen H, Curley M, Milne L, Smith S, Mitchell RT, Smith LB. Androgen Receptor Is Dispensable for X-Zone Regression in the Female Adrenal but Regulates Post-Partum Corticosterone Levels and Protects Cortex Integrity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:599869. [PMID: 33584538 PMCID: PMC7873917 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.599869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenal androgens are fundamental mediators of ovarian folliculogenesis, embryonic implantation, and breast development. Although adrenal androgen function in target tissues are well characterized, there is little research covering the role of androgen-signaling within the adrenal itself. Adrenal glands express AR which is essential for the regression of the X-zone in male mice. Female mice also undergo X-zone regression during their first pregnancy, however whether this is also controlled by AR signaling is unknown. To understand the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in the female adrenal, we utilized a Cyp11a1-Cre to specifically ablate AR from the mouse adrenal cortex. Results show that AR-signaling is dispensable for adrenal gland development in females, and for X-zone regression during pregnancy, but is required to suppress elevation of corticosterone levels post-partum. Additionally, following disruption to adrenal AR, aberrant spindle cell development is observed in young adult females. These results demonstrate sexually dimorphic regulation of the adrenal X-zone by AR and point to dysfunctional adrenal androgen signaling as a possible mechanism in the early development of adrenal spindle cell hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Louise Gannon
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura O’Hara
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Mason
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Curley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Milne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rod T. Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lee B. Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Hammer GD, Basham KJ. Stem cell function and plasticity in the normal physiology of the adrenal cortex. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 519:111043. [PMID: 33058950 PMCID: PMC7736543 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal cortex functions to produce steroid hormones necessary for life. To maintain its functional capacity throughout life, the adrenal cortex must be continually replenished and rapidly repaired following injury. Moreover, the adrenal responds to endocrine-mediated organismal needs, which are highly dynamic and necessitate a precise steroidogenic response. To meet these diverse needs, the adrenal employs multiple cell populations with stem cell function. Here, we discuss the literature on adrenocortical stem cells using hematopoietic stem cells as a benchmark to examine the functional capacity of particular cell populations, including those located in the capsule and peripheral cortex. These populations are coordinately regulated by paracrine and endocrine signaling mechanisms, and display remarkable plasticity to adapt to different physiological and pathological conditions. Some populations also exhibit sex-specific activity, which contributes to highly divergent proliferation rates between sexes. Understanding mechanisms that govern adrenocortical renewal has broad implications for both regenerative medicine and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Endocrine Oncology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kaitlin J Basham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. The hallmark of PA is adrenal production of aldosterone under suppressed renin conditions. PA subtypes include adrenal unilateral and bilateral hyperaldosteronism. Considerable progress has been made in defining the role for somatic gene mutations in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) as the primary cause of unilateral PA. This includes the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to define recurrent somatic mutations in APA that disrupt calcium signaling, increase aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression, and aldosterone production. The use of CYP11B2 immunohistochemistry on adrenal glands from normal subjects, patients with unilateral and bilateral PA has allowed the identification of CYP11B2-positive cell foci, termed aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCC). APCC lie beneath the adrenal capsule and like APA, many APCC harbor somatic gene mutations known to increase aldosterone production. These findings suggest that APCC may play a role in pathologic progression of PA. Herein, we provide an update on recent research directed at characterizing APCC and also discuss the unanswered questions related to the role of APCC in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Soo Lim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju 26426, South Korea
| | - William E Rainey
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Ménard A, Abou Nader N, Levasseur A, St-Jean G, Le Gad-Le Roy M, Boerboom D, Benoit-Biancamano MO, Boyer A. Targeted Disruption of Lats1 and Lats2 in Mice Impairs Adrenal Cortex Development and Alters Adrenocortical Cell Fate. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5815549. [PMID: 32243503 PMCID: PMC7211035 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that the loss of the Hippo signaling effectors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in adrenocortical steroidogenic cells impairs the postnatal maintenance of the adrenal gland. To further explore the role of Hippo signaling in mouse adrenocortical cells, we conditionally deleted the key Hippo kinases large tumor suppressor homolog kinases 1 and -2 (Lats1 and Lats2, two kinases that antagonize YAP and TAZ transcriptional co-regulatory activity) in steroidogenic cells using an Nr5a1-cre strain (Lats1flox/flox;Lats2flox/flox;Nr5a1-cre). We report here that developing adrenocortical cells adopt characteristics of myofibroblasts in both male and female Lats1flox/flox;Lats2flox/flox;Nr5a1-cre mice, resulting in a loss of steroidogenic gene expression, adrenal failure and death by 2 to 3 weeks of age. A marked accumulation of YAP and TAZ in the nuclei of the myofibroblast-like cell population with an accompanying increase in the expression of their transcriptional target genes in the adrenal glands of Lats1flox/flox;Lats2flox/flox;Nr5a1-cre animals suggested that the myofibroblastic differentiation could be attributed in part to YAP and TAZ. Taken together, our results suggest that Hippo signaling is required to maintain proper adrenocortical cell differentiation and suppresses their differentiation into myofibroblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Ménard
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Nour Abou Nader
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Adrien Levasseur
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Guillaume St-Jean
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Marie Le Gad-Le Roy
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Alexandre Boyer
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
- Correspondence: Alexandre Boyer, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada. E-mail:
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Maniero C, Scudieri P, Haris Shaikh L, Zhao W, Gurnell M, Galietta LJ, Brown MJ. ANO4 (Anoctamin 4) Is a Novel Marker of Zona Glomerulosa That Regulates Stimulated Aldosterone Secretion. Hypertension 2019; 74:1152-1159. [PMID: 31564164 PMCID: PMC6791498 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microarray comparison of the transcriptomes of human adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG) and zona fasciculata found several ZG-specific genes that negatively regulate aldosterone secretion. The third and most significantly upregulated ZG-gene (19.9-fold compared with zona fasciculata, P=6.58×10-24) was ANO4, a putative Ca2+-activated chloride channel. We have investigated the role of ANO4 in human adrenal, and whether it functions like the prototype anoctamin, ANO1. We evaluated ANO4 mRNA and protein expression in human adrenal by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, compared the effects of ANO4 and ANO1 overexpression on baseline and stimulated aldosterone secretion and cell proliferation in H295R cells, and analyzed ANO4 activity as a Ca2+-activated chloride channel in comparison with other anoctamins by a fluorescence-based functional assay. The expression of ANO4 in ZG was confirmed by qPCR as 23.21-fold upregulated compared with zona fasciculata (n=18; P=4.93×10-7). Immunohistochemistry found cytoplasmic, ZG-selective expression of ANO4 (anoctamin 4) protein. ANO4 overexpression in H295R cells attenuated calcium-mediated aldosterone secretion and cell proliferation in comparison to controls. The latter effects were in a different direction to those of ANO1. The functional assay showed that, in contrast to ANO1, ANO4 expression results in low levels of calcium-dependent anion transport. In conclusion, ANO4 is one of the most highly expressed genes in ZG. It attenuates stimulated aldosterone secretion and cell proliferation. Although belonging to a family of Ca2+-activated chloride channels, it does not generate significant plasma membrane chloride channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Maniero
- From the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom Clinical Pharmacology Unit (C.M., L.H.S., M.J.B.)
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy (P.S., L.J.V.G.)
| | - Lalarukh Haris Shaikh
- From the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom Clinical Pharmacology Unit (C.M., L.H.S., M.J.B.)
| | - Wanfeng Zhao
- Human Research Tissue Bank, Cambridge University, Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, United Kingdom (W.Z.)
| | - Mark Gurnell
- Metabolic Research Laboratories-Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science (M.G.)
| | - Luis J.V. Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy (P.S., L.J.V.G.)
| | - Morris J. Brown
- From the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom Clinical Pharmacology Unit (C.M., L.H.S., M.J.B.)
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8
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Nonaka K, Aida J, Takubo K, Yamazaki Y, Takakuma S, Kakizaki M, Matsuda Y, Ishikawa N, Ishiwata T, Chong JM, Arai T, Sasano H. Correlation Between Differentiation of Adrenocortical Zones and Telomere Lengths Measured by Q-FISH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5642-5650. [PMID: 31219569 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenocortical zonation is associated with a markedly complex developmental process, and the pathogenesis and/or etiology of many disorders of adrenocortical zonal development have remained unknown. Cells from the three adrenocortical zones are morphologically and functionally differentiated, and the mature stage of cell development or senescence has been recently reported to be correlated with telomere length. However, the telomere length of each adrenocortical zonal cell has not yet been studied in human adrenal glands. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the telomere lengths of adrenocortical parenchymal cells from three different zones of the adrenal glands present during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. METHODS Adrenal glands of 30 autopsied subjects, aged between 0 and 68 years, were retrieved from pathology files. The normalized telomere to centromere ratio (NTCR), an index of telomere length, was determined in the parenchymal cells of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis (ZR), using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS NTCR of ZR cells was the longest, followed in decreasing order by that of zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata cells in subjects aged 20 to 68 years, but no substantial differences in NTCR were detected among these three zones in the group <20 years of age. NTCR of ZR increased with age in subjects aged 20 to 68 years, whereas no important age-dependent changes in NTCR were detected in the group <20 years of age. CONCLUSION The telomere lengths for three zones in adrenal cortex were correlated with their differentiation in adulthood but not in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nonaka
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Aida
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Takakuma
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsune Kakizaki
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoshi Ishikawa
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ja-Mun Chong
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation Toshima Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Hadjidemetriou I, Mariniello K, Ruiz-Babot G, Pittaway J, Mancini A, Mariannis D, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Parvanta L, Drake WM, Chung TT, Abdel-Aziz TE, DiMarco A, Palazzo FF, Wierman ME, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, King PJ, Guasti L. DLK1/PREF1 marks a novel cell population in the human adrenal cortex. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 193:105422. [PMID: 31265901 PMCID: PMC6736711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal cortex governs fundamental metabolic processes though synthesis of glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoids and androgens. Studies in rodents have demonstrated that the cortex undergoes a self-renewal process and that capsular/subcapsular stem/progenitor cell pools differentiate towards functional steroidogenic cells supporting the dynamic centripetal streaming of adrenocortical cells throughout life. We previously demonstrated that the Notch atypical ligand Delta-like homologue 1 (DLK1)/preadipocyte factor 1 (PREF1) is expressed in subcapsular Sf1 and Shh-positive, CYP11B1-negative and CYP11B2-partially positive cortical progenitor cells in rat adrenals, and that secreted DLK1 can modulate GLI1 expression in H295R cells. Here we show that the human adrenal cortex remodels with age to generate clusters of relatively undifferentiated cells expressing DLK1. These clusters (named DLK1-expressing cell clusters or DCCs) increased with age in size and were found to be different entities to aldosterone-producing cell clusters, another well-characterized and age-dependent cluster structure. DLK1 was markedly overexpressed in adrenocortical carcinomas but not in aldosterone-producing adenomas. Thus, this data identifies a novel cell population in the human adrenal cortex and might suggest a yet-to be identified role of DLK1 in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical carcinoma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hadjidemetriou
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katia Mariniello
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gerard Ruiz-Babot
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James Pittaway
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Mancini
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Demetris Mariannis
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Centre, Jackson MS, USA
| | - Laila Parvanta
- Department of Surgery, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - William M Drake
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Teng-Teng Chung
- Department of Endocrinology, University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, NW1 2PG, London, UK
| | - Tarek Ezzat Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Endocrinology, University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, NW1 2PG, London, UK
| | - Aimee DiMarco
- Department of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fausto F Palazzo
- Department of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Margaret E Wierman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peter J King
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Abstract
The X-zone is a transient cortical region enriched in eosinophilic cells located in the cortical-medullary boundary of the mouse adrenal gland. Similar to the X-zone, the fetal zone in human adrenals is also a transient cortical compartment, comprising the majority of the human fetal adrenal gland. During adrenal development, fetal cortical cells are gradually replaced by newly formed adult cortical cells that develop into outer definitive zones. In mice, the regression of this fetal cell population is sexually dimorphic. Many mouse models with mutations associated with endocrine factors have been reported with X-zone phenotypes. Increasing findings indicate that the cell fate of this aged cell population of the adrenal cortex can be manipulated by many hormonal and nonhormonal factors. This review summarizes the current knowledge of this transient adrenocortical zone with an emphasis on genes and signaling pathways that affect X-zone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Yuan Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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11
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Malaiyandi LM, Sharthiya H, Surachaicharn N, Shams Y, Arshad M, Schupbach C, Kopf PG, Dineley KE. M 3-subtype muscarinic receptor activation stimulates intracellular calcium oscillations and aldosterone production in human adrenocortical HAC15 cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 478:1-9. [PMID: 29959979 PMCID: PMC6193837 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A previous body of work in bovine and rodent models shows that cholinergic agonists modulate the secretion of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex. In this study we used live-cell Ca2+ imaging to investigate cholinergic activity in the HAC15 human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line. The cholinergic agonists carbachol and acetylcholine triggered heterogeneous Ca2+ oscillations that were strongly inhibited by antagonists with high affinity for the M3 muscarinic receptor subtype, while preferential block of M1 or M2 receptors was less effective. Acute exposure to carbachol and acetylcholine modestly elevated aldosterone secretion in HAC15 cells, and this effect was also diminished by M3 inhibition. HAC15 cells expressed relatively high levels of mRNA for M3 and M2 receptors, while M1 and M5 mRNA were much lower. In conclusion, our data extend previous findings in non-human systems to implicate the M3 receptor as the dominant muscarinic receptor in the human adrenal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha M Malaiyandi
- Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
| | - Harsh Sharthiya
- Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
| | | | - Yara Shams
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
| | - Mohammad Arshad
- Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
| | - Chad Schupbach
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
| | - Phillip G Kopf
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
| | - Kirk E Dineley
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
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12
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Sanders K, Mol JA, Kooistra HS, Galac S. Melanocortin 2 receptor antagonists in canine pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism: in vitro studies. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:283-288. [PMID: 30187173 PMCID: PMC6244543 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Canine hypercortisolism is most often caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism; PDH). An interesting target for a selective medical treatment of PDH would be the receptor for ACTH: the melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R). In this study we investigated whether two peptide compounds, BIM-22776 (#776) and BIM-22A299 (#299), are effective MC2R antagonists in vitro. Their effects on cortisol production and mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes, MC2R and melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) were evaluated in primary adrenocortical cell cultures (n = 8) of normal canine adrenal glands. Cortisol production stimulated by 50 nM ACTH was dose-dependently inhibited by #299 (inhibition 90.7 ± 2.3% at 5 μM) and by #776 (inhibition 38.0 ± 5.2% at 5 μM). The ACTH-stimulated mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes, MC2R and MRAP was significantly inhibited by both compounds, but most potently by #299. These results indicate that canine primary cell culture is a valuable in vitro system to test MC2R antagonists, and that these compounds, but especially #299, are effective MC2R antagonists in vitro. To determine its efficacy in vivo, further studies are warranted. Antagonism of the MC2R is a promising potential treatment approach in canine PDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Sanders
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan A Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans S Kooistra
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Galac
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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13
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Sanders K, de Wit WL, Mol JA, Kurlbaum M, Kendl S, Kroiss M, Kooistra HS, Galac S. Abiraterone Acetate for Cushing Syndrome: Study in a Canine Primary Adrenocortical Cell Culture Model. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3689-3698. [PMID: 30219917 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abiraterone acetate (AA) is a potent inhibitor of steroidogenic enzyme 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1). AA is approved for the treatment of prostate cancer but could also be used to treat patients with Cushing syndrome (CS). Similar to humans, canine glucocorticoid synthesis requires CYP17A1, providing a useful animal model. The objective of this study was to preclinically investigate the effect of AA on adrenocortical hormone production, cell viability, and mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes in canine primary adrenocortical cell cultures (n = 9) from the adrenal glands of nine healthy dogs. The cells were incubated with AA (0.125 nM to 10 μM) for 72 hours under basal conditions and with 100 nM ACTH(1-24). Adrenocortical hormone concentrations were measured in culture medium using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, RNA was isolated from cells for subsequent real-time quantitative PCR analysis, and cell viability was assessed with an alamarBlue™ assay. AA reduced cortisol (IC50, 21.4 ± 4.6 nM) without affecting aldosterone under basal and ACTH-stimulated conditions. AA increased progesterone under basal and ACTH-stimulated conditions but reduced corticosterone under basal conditions, suggesting concurrent inhibition of 21-hydroxylation. AA did not affect the mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes and did not inhibit cell viability. In summary, primary canine adrenocortical cell culture is a useful model system for drug testing. For the treatment of CS, AA may to be superior to other steroidogenesis inhibitors due to its low toxicity. For future in vivo studies, dogs with endogenous CS may provide a useful animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Sanders
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wesley L de Wit
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan A Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Max Kurlbaum
- University Hospital Würzburg, Core Unit Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Würzburg, Germany
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kendl
- University Hospital Würzburg, Core Unit Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Würzburg, Germany
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- University Hospital Würzburg, Core Unit Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Würzburg, Germany
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans S Kooistra
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sara Galac
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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14
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Noro E, Yokoyama A, Kobayashi M, Shimada H, Suzuki S, Hosokawa M, Takehara T, Parvin R, Shima H, Igarashi K, Sugawara A. Endogenous Purification of NR4A2 (Nurr1) Identified Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 as a Prime Coregulator in Human Adrenocortical H295R Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051406. [PMID: 29738496 PMCID: PMC5983848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone is synthesized in zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex in response to angiotensin II. This stimulation transcriptionally induces expression of a series of steroidogenic genes such as HSD3B and CYP11B2 via NR4A (nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A) nuclear receptors and ATF (activating transcription factor) family transcription factors. Nurr1 belongs to the NR4A family and is regarded as an orphan nuclear receptor. The physiological significance of Nurr1 in aldosterone production in adrenal cortex has been well studied. However, coregulators supporting the Nurr1 function still remain elusive. In this study, we performed RIME (rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous proteins), a recently developed endogenous coregulator purification method, in human adrenocortical H295R cells and identified PARP1 as one of the top Nurr1-interacting proteins. Nurr1-PARP1 interaction was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. In addition, both siRNA knockdown of PARP1 and treatment of AG14361, a specific PARP1 inhibitor suppressed the angiotensin II-mediated target gene induction in H295R cells. Furthermore, PARP1 inhibitor also suppressed the aldosterone secretion in response to the angiotensin II. Together, these results suggest PARP1 is a prime coregulator for Nurr1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Noro
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Shimada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Mari Hosokawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Takehara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Rehana Parvin
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Akira Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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15
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Carsia RV, McIlroy PJ, John-Alder HB. Modulation of adrenal steroidogenesis by testosterone in the lizard, Coleonyx elegans. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 259:93-103. [PMID: 29155264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work with adrenocortical cells from several Sceloporus lizard species suggests that gonadal hormones influence the steroidogenic capacity and the sensitivity to ACTH. However, there are discrepancies in these cellular response parameters suggesting that the effects of gonadal hormones on adrenocortical function vary with species, sex, age, season, and environmental/experimental conditions. To gain further insight into these complex interactions, here we report studies on Coleonyx elegans, Eublepharidae (Yucatán Banded Gecko), which is only distantly related to Sceloporus lizards via a basal common ancestor and in captivity, reproduces throughout the year. We hypothesized that a more constant reproductive pattern would result in less variable effects of gonadal hormones on adrenocortical function. Reproductively mature male geckos were orchiectomized with and without replacement of testosterone (300 μg) via an implanted Silastic® tube. Reproductively mature intact female geckos received implants with and without testosterone. After 11 weeks, adrenocortical cells were isolated from these lizards and incubated with corticotropin (ACTH) for 3 h at 28 °C. Three adrenocortical steroids, progesterone, corticosterone and aldosterone, were measured by highly specific radioimmunoassays. The production rate of each steroid was statistically analyzed using established software and net maximal rate (by subtracting the basal rate) in response to ACTH was determined. In general, corticosterone predominated and comprised ∼83% of the total net maximal rate, followed by progesterone (∼14%) and aldosterone (∼3%). Compared to the functional responses of adrenocortical cells derived from other lizards thus far, adrenocortical cells from C. elegans exhibited a depressed steroid response to ACTH and this depressed response was more pronounced in male cells. In addition, other sex differences in cellular response were apparent. In female cells, the net maximal rates of progesterone, corticosterone and aldosterone were, respectively, 161, 122 and 900% greater than those in intact-male cells. In contrast, cellular sensitivity to ACTH, as determined by the half-maximally effective steroidogenic concentration (EC50) of ACTH, did not differ between intact-male and intact-female adrenocortical cells. Treatment effects were most striking for corticosterone, the putative, major glucocorticoid in lizards. Orchiectomy caused an increase in the net maximal corticosterone rate equivalent to that of intact-female cells. Testosterone maintenance in orchiectomized lizards completely suppressed the stimulatory effect of orchiectomy. However, orchiectomy with or without testosterone maintenance did not alter cellular sensitivity to ACTH. The effect of testosterone supplementation in intact females, although suppressive, was notably different from its effect in orchiectomized males. Its effect on the net maximal corticosterone rate was relatively modest and did not completely "masculinize" the greater rate seen in intact-female cells. However, testosterone supplementation dramatically suppressed the basal corticosterone rate (by 82%) and enhanced the overall cellular sensitivity to ACTH by 150%, two effects not seen in cells derived from testosterone-treated orchiectomized lizards. Collectively, these findings clearly indicating that the gonad directly or indirectly regulates lizard adrenocortical cell function. Whereas other gonadal or extra-gonadal factors may play a role, testosterone appears to be an essential determinant of the observed sex differences in adrenocortical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco V Carsia
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Patrick J McIlroy
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, 311 North Fifth Street, Camden, NJ 08102, USA.
| | - Henry B John-Alder
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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16
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Balyura M, Gelfgat E, Steenblock C, Androutsellis-Theotokis A, Ruiz-Babot G, Guasti L, Werdermann M, Ludwig B, Bornstein T, Schally AV, Brennand A, Bornstein SR. Expression of progenitor markers is associated with the functionality of a bioartificial adrenal cortex. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194643. [PMID: 29596439 PMCID: PMC5875767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation of primary bovine adrenocortical cells in alginate is an efficacious model of a bioartificial adrenal cortex. Such a bioartificial adrenal cortex can be used for the restoration of lost adrenal function in vivo as well as for in vitro modeling of the adrenal microenvironment and for investigation of cell–cell interactions in the adrenals. The aim of this work was the optimization of a bioartificial adrenal cortex, that is the generation of a highly productive, self-regenerating, long-term functioning and immune tolerant bioartificial organ. To achieve this, it is necessary that adrenocortical stem and progenitor cells are present in the bioartificial gland, as these undifferentiated cells play important roles in the function of the mature gland. Here, we verified the presence of adrenocortical progenitors in cultures of bovine adrenocortical cells, studied the dynamics of their appearance and growth and determined the optimal time point for cell encapsulation. These procedures increased the functional life span and reduced the immunogenicity of the bioartificial adrenal cortex. This model allows the use of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist triptorelin, the neuropeptide bombesin, and retinoic acid to alter cell number and the release of cortisol over long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Balyura
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dept. of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Evgeny Gelfgat
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dept. of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Charlotte Steenblock
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dept. of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Gerard Ruiz-Babot
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Werdermann
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dept. of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Ludwig
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dept. of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Centre Munich at University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Bornstein
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dept. of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V. Schally
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Hematology–Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Ana Brennand
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dept. of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dept. of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Centre Munich at University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Chen G, Yuan C, Duan F, Liu Y, Zhang J, He Z, Huang H, He C, Wang H. IGF1/MAPK/ERK signaling pathway-mediated programming alterations of adrenal cortex cell proliferation by prenatal caffeine exposure in male offspring rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 341:64-76. [PMID: 29343424 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study proposed a glucocorticoid-insulin-like growth factor 1 (GC-IGF1) axis programming mechanism for prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE)-induced adrenal developmental dysfunction. Here, we focused on PCE-induced cell proliferation changes of the adrenal cortex in male offspring rats before and after birth and clarified the intrauterine programming mechanism. On gestational day (GD) 20, the PCE group had an elevated serum corticosterone level reduced fetal bodyweight, maximum adrenal sectional area, and elevated adrenal corticosterone and aldosterone contents. However, in postnatal week (PW) 6, the serum corticosterone level was decreased, and the bodyweight, with catch-up growth, adrenal cortex maximum cross-sectional area and aldosterone content were relatively increased, while the adrenal corticosterone content was lower. On GD20, the expression of adrenal IGF1, IGF1R and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were decreased, while the expression of these factors at PW6 were increased in the PCE group. Fetal adrenal gene chip analysis suggested that the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) signal pathway was suppressed in the PCE group. Moreover, in the rat primary adrenal cells, corticosterone (rather than caffeine) was shown to significantly inhibit cell proliferation, IGF1 and PCNA expression, and ERK phosphorylation, which could be reversed by exogenous IGF1. Meanwhile, the effects of exogenous IGF1 were reversed by the ERK pathway inhibitor (PD184161). In conclusion, PCE could induce programming alterations in adrenal cortical cell proliferation before and after birth in male offspring rats. The underlying mechanism is associated with the inhibition of fetal adrenal IGF1-related MAPK/ERK signaling pathway caused by high glucocorticoid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hegui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chunjiang He
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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18
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Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications, and early diagnosis and targeted treatment based on its pathophysiology is warranted. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revealed recurrent somatic mutations in aldosterone-driving genes in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). By applying CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) immunohistochemistry and NGS to adrenal glands from normal subjects and PA patients, we and others have shown that CYP11B2-positive cells make small clusters, termed aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCC), beneath the adrenal capsule, and that APCC harbor somatic mutations in genes mutated in APA. We have shown that APCC are increased in CT-negative PA adrenals, while others showed potential progression from APCC to micro APA through mutations. These results suggest that APCC are a key factor for understanding the origin of PA, and further investigation on the relation between APCC and PA is highly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Omata
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, 48109 Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, 980-0872 Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Clinical Hypertension, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, 980-0872 Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Scott A. Tomlins
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, 48109 Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, 48109 Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, 48109 Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, 48109 Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William E. Rainey
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, 48109 Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, 48109 Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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19
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Abstract
Increased plasma aldosterone concentration is significantly associated with dementia, which is accentuated by diabetes mellitus (DM). Angiotensin II (AngII) deteriorates cognitive function through neuronal degradation. Lipoproteins, a major source of cholesterol for aldosterone biosynthesis, undergo glycoxidative modifications in the presence of hyperglycemia. We hypothesize that there would be a pathophysiological link between diabetically-modified lipoproteins, angiotensin II, and increased plasma aldosterone concentration for induction of cognitive impairment. Glycoxidized lipoproteins produce significantly more aldosterone from AngII-sensitized adrenocortical cells compared to their native counterparts. The elucidation of signaling mechanisms revealed that modified lipoproteins follow the similar signaling mechanism like AngII for adrenocortical aldosterone release via ERK1/2 and Janus kinase-2 (Jak-2)-mediated pathways. The enhanced aldosterone release from AngII-sensitized adrenocortical cells induced by glycoxidatively modified lipoproteins may play a crucial role in cognitive dysfunction in diabetic individuals along with AngII via a prevailing mode of signaling cascade involving ERK1/2- and Jak-2-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarama Saha
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juergen Graessler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Steffi Kopprasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Brunssen C, Hofmann A, Peitzsch M, Frenzel A, Ziegler CG, Brown NF, Weldon SM, Eisenhofer G, Willenberg HS, Bornstein SR, Morawietz H. Impact of Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitor FAD286 on Steroid Hormone Profile in Human Adrenocortical Cells. Horm Metab Res 2017; 49:701-706. [PMID: 28759940 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) is an alternative treatment option to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism to prevent harmful aldosterone effects. FAD286 is the best characterized aldosterone synthase inhibitor. However, to date, no study has used sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to characterize in detail the effect of FAD286 on the secreted steroid hormone profile of adrenocortical cells. Basal aldosterone production in NCI-H295R cells was detectable and 9-fold elevated after stimulation with angiotensin II. FAD286 inhibited this increase, showing a maximal effect at 10 nmol/l. Higher concentrations of FAD286 did not further reduce aldosterone concentrations, but showed a parallel reduction in corticosterone, cortisol and cortisone levels, reflecting additional inhibition of steroid-11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1). Pregnenolone, progesterone and 17-OH-progesterone levels remained unaffected. In conclusion, the aldosterone synthase inhibitor FAD286 lowers angiotensin II-induced aldosterone concentrations in adrenocortical cells but the relative lack of selectivity over CYP11B1 is evident at higher FAD286 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Division of Clinical Neurochemistry, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annika Frenzel
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian G Ziegler
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz-Zentrum München at the Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicholas F Brown
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Steven M Weldon
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Division of Clinical Neurochemistry, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger S Willenberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Rayne Institute, Denmark Hill Campus, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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21
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Cadic C, Vitiello S, Gin H, Neveu PJ, Dupuy B. Embedded Adrenal Cells Graft Reduced Local and Early Nonspecific Inflammatory Phenomena Which Follow Agarose Beads Implantation. Cell Transplant 2017; 1:349-54. [PMID: 1344307 DOI: 10.1177/096368979200100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microencapsulation of adrenal cells is proposed for reducing the nonspecific inflammatory reaction observed around polymer implants. This hypothesis was tested by comparing both host cellular reaction and the surrounding graft cell populations which appeared either when agarose embedded cells or when empty agarose beads were implanted. Our results showed that the fibrotic material that surrounded the implanted empty agarose microbeads was not as severe and important when adrenal cells were present. Similarly, T lymphocyte population surrounding the graft was considerably reduced together with the percentage of CD4 and CD8 positive cell subpopulations. The activation macrophage marker IaD disappeared. Our results support the hypothesis that embedded adrenal cells may be a suitable solution for reducing early inflammatory events due to microcapsules implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cadic
- INSERM U.306, Université de Bordeaux II
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Cheng B, Al-Shammari FH, Ghader IA, Sequeira F, Thakkar J, Mathew TC. Fundamental studies of adrenal retinoid-X-receptor: Protein isoform, tissue expression, subcellular distribution, and ligand availability. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171:110-120. [PMID: 28267642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adrenal gland reportedly expresses many nuclear receptors that are known to heterodimerize with retinoid-X-receptor (RXR) for functions, but the information regarding the glandular RXR is not adequate. Studies of rat adrenal homogenate by Western blotting revealed three RXR proteins: RXRα (55kDa), RXRβ (47kDa) and RXR (56kDa). RXRγ was not detectable. After fractionation, RXRα was almost exclusively localized in the nuclear fraction. In comparison, substantial portions of RXRβ and RXR were found in both nuclear and post-nuclear particle fractions, suggesting genomic and non-genomic functions. Cells immunostained for RXRα were primarily localized in zona fasciculata (ZF) and medulla, although some stained cells were found in zona glomerulosa (ZG) and zona reticularis (ZR). In contrast, cells immunostained for RXRβ were concentrated principally in ZG, although some stained cells were seen in ZR, ZF, and medulla (in descending order, qualitatively). Analysis of adrenal lipid extracts by LC/MS did not detect 9-cis-retinoic acid (a potent RXR-ligand) but identified all-trans retinoic acid. Since C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can also activate RXR, subcellular availabilities of unesterified fatty acids were investigated by GC/MS. As results, arachidonic acid (C20:4), adrenic acid (C22:4), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5), and cervonic acid (C22:6) were detected in the lipids extracted from each subcellular fraction. Thus, the RXR-agonizing PUFAs are available in all the main subcellular compartments considerably. The present findings not only shed light on the adrenal network of RXRs but also provide baseline information for further investigations of RXR heterodimers in the regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behling Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Health Science Center, P. O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Fatema H Al-Shammari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Health Science Center, P. O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Isra'a A Ghader
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Health Science Center, P. O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Fatima Sequeira
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Health Science Center, P. O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Jitendra Thakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University Health Science Center, P. O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Thazhumpal C Mathew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health, Kuwait University Health Science Center, P.O. Box 31470, Sulaibekhat 90805, Kuwait
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23
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Penny MK, Finco I, Hammer GD. Cell signaling pathways in the adrenal cortex: Links to stem/progenitor biology and neoplasia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 445:42-54. [PMID: 27940298 PMCID: PMC5508551 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal cortex is a dynamic tissue responsible for the synthesis of steroid hormones, including mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens in humans. Advances have been made in understanding the role of adrenocortical stem/progenitor cell populations in cortex homeostasis and self-renewal. Recently, large molecular profiling studies of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) have given insights into proteins and signaling pathways involved in normal tissue homeostasis that become dysregulated in cancer. These data provide an impetus to examine the cellular pathways implicated in adrenocortical disease and study connections, or lack thereof, between adrenal homeostasis and tumorigenesis, with a particular focus on stem and progenitor cell pathways. In this review, we discuss evidence for stem/progenitor cells in the adrenal cortex, proteins and signaling pathways that may regulate these cells, and the role these proteins play in pathologic and neoplastic conditions. In turn, we also examine common perturbations in adrenocortical tumors (ACT) and how these proteins and pathways may be involved in adrenal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K Penny
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Isabella Finco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Endocrine Oncology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health System, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 1528 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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24
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Li B, Baba T, Miyabayashi K, Sato T, Shima Y, Ichinose T, Miura D, Ohkawa Y, Suyama M, Morohashi KI. Role of Ad4-binding protein/steroidogenic factor 1 in regulating NADPH production in adrenocortical Y-1 cells. Endocr J 2017; 64:315-324. [PMID: 28202838 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ad4-binding protein/steroidogenic factor 1 (Ad4BP/SF-1), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is expressed in steroidogenic cells and regulates all steroidogenic gene expression. We recently employed mRNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequence (ChIP-seq) to demonstrate that Ad4BP/SF-1 directly regulates the expression of nearly all glycolytic genes. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) contributes to the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Although the expression of PPP genes and intracellular NADPH were decreased by Ad4BP/SF-1 knockdown, these genes were not the direct targets of Ad4BP/SF-1. This study therefore investigates whether Ad4BP/SF-1 directly regulates genes implicated in NADPH production. Examination of previously published data sets of mRNA sequence (mRNA-seq) and ChIP-seq strongly suggested a possibility that other NADPH-producing genes, such as malic enzyme 1 (Me1) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (Mthfd2), are the direct targets of Ad4BP/SF-1. Reporter gene assays and determination of intracellular NADPH concentration supported the notion that Ad4BP/SF-1 regulates NADPH production by regulating these genes. NADPH is required for macromolecule synthesis of compounds such as steroids, and for detoxification of reactive oxygen species. When synthesizing steroid hormones, steroidogenic cells consume NADPH through enzymatic reactions mediated by steroidogenic P450s. NADPH is also consumed through elimination of reactive oxygen species produced as the byproducts of the P450 reactions. Overall, Ad4BP/SF-1 potentially maintains the intracellular NADPH level through cooperative regulation of genes involved in the biological processes for consumption and supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Division of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Marti N, Bouchoucha N, Sauter KS, Flück CE. Resveratrol inhibits androgen production of human adrenocortical H295R cells by lowering CYP17 and CYP21 expression and activities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174224. [PMID: 28323907 PMCID: PMC5360261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural compound found in grapes, became very popular for its suggested protective effects against aging. It was reported to have similar positive effects on the human metabolism as caloric restriction. Recently, positive effects of resveratrol on steroid biosynthesis in cell systems and in humans suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome have also been reported, but the exact mechanism of this action remains unknown. Sirtuins seem targeted by resveratrol to mediate its action on energy homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of action of resveratrol on steroidogenesis in human adrenal H295R cells. Resveratrol was found to inhibit protein expression and enzyme activities of CYP17 and CYP21. It did not alter CYP17 and CYP21 mRNA expression, nor protein degradation. Only SIRT3 mRNA expression was found to be altered by resveratrol, but SIRT1, 3 and 5 overexpression did not result in a change in the steroid profile of H295R cells, indicating that resveratrol may not engage sirtuins to modulate steroid production. Previous studies showed that starvation leads to a hyperandrogenic steroid profile in H295R cells through inhibition of PKB/Akt signaling, and that resveratrol inhibits steroidogenesis of rat ovarian theca cells via the PKB/Akt pathway. Therefore, the effect of resveratrol on PKB/Akt signaling was tested in H295R cells and was found to be decreased under starvation growth conditions, but not under normal growth conditions. Overall, these properties of action together with recent clinical findings make resveratrol a candidate for the treatment of hyperandrogenic disorders such as PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Marti
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Bouchoucha
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kay-Sara Sauter
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christa E. Flück
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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26
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Baquedano MS, Perez Garrido N, Goñi J, Saraco N, Aliberti P, Berensztein E, Rivarola MA, Belgorosky A. DNA methylation is not involved in specific down-regulation of HSD3B2, NR4A1 and RARB genes in androgen-secreting cells of human adrenal cortex. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 441:46-54. [PMID: 27670690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that DNA methylation is involved in human adrenal functional zonation. mRNAs expression and methylation pattern of RARB, NR4A1 and HSD3B2 genes in human adrenal tissues (HAT) and in pediatric virilizing adrenocortical tumors (VAT) were analyzed. For analysis of the results samples were divided into 3 age groups according to FeZ involution, pre and post-adrenarche ages. In all HAT, similar RARB mRNA was found including microdissected zona reticularis (ZR) and zona fasciculata, but HSD3B2 and NR4A1 mRNAs were lower in ZR (p < 0.05). NR4A1 and RARB promoters remained unmethylated in HAT and VAT. No adrenal zone-specific differences in NR4A1 methylation were observed. In summary, RARB was not associated with ZR-specific downregulation of HSD3B2 in postnatal human adrenocotical zonation. DNA methylation would not be involved in NR4A1 adrenocortical cell-type specific downregulation. Lack of CpG islands in HSD3B2 suggested that HSD3B2 ZR-specific downregulation would not be directly mediated by DNA methylation.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adrenal Cortex/cytology
- Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/genetics
- Androgens/metabolism
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- CpG Islands/genetics
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Infant
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Progesterone Reductase/genetics
- Progesterone Reductase/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sonia Baquedano
- Endocrine Service-CONICET, Hospital de Pediatria Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Argentina.
| | | | - Javier Goñi
- Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital de Pediatria Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Saraco
- Endocrine Service-CONICET, Hospital de Pediatria Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Paula Aliberti
- Endocrine Service-CONICET, Hospital de Pediatria Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Argentina
| | | | - Marco A Rivarola
- Endocrine Service-CONICET, Hospital de Pediatria Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Alicia Belgorosky
- Endocrine Service-CONICET, Hospital de Pediatria Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Argentina
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27
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Steenblock C, Rubin de Celis MF, Androutsellis-Theotokis A, Sue M, Delgadillo Silva LF, Eisenhofer G, Andoniadou CL, Bornstein SR. Adrenal cortical and chromaffin stem cells: Is there a common progeny related to stress adaptation? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 441:156-163. [PMID: 27637345 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal gland is a highly plastic organ with the capacity to adapt the body homeostasis to different physiological needs. The existence of stem-like cells in the adrenal cortex has been revealed in many studies. Recently, we identified and characterized in mice a pool of glia-like multipotent Nestin-expressing progenitor cells, which contributes to the plasticity of the adrenal medulla. In addition, we found that these Nestin progenitors are actively involved in the stress response by giving rise to chromaffin cells. Interestingly, we also observed a Nestin-GFP-positive cell population located under the adrenal capsule and scattered through the cortex. In this article, we discuss the possibility of a common progenitor giving rise to subpopulations of cells both in the adrenal cortex and medulla, the isolation and characterization of this progenitor as well as its clinical potential in transplantation therapies and in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Andreas Androutsellis-Theotokis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mariko Sue
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cynthia L Andoniadou
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, King's College London, London, UK
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Louiset E, Duparc C, Lenglet S, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Lefebvre H. Role of cAMP/PKA pathway and T-type calcium channels in the mechanism of action of serotonin in human adrenocortical cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 441:99-107. [PMID: 27743992 PMCID: PMC5465225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In human adrenal, serotonin (5-HT), produced by mast cells located in zona glomerulosa, stimulates production of corticosteroids through a paracrine mechanism involving the 5-HT receptor type 4 (5-HT4). The aim of the present study was to investigate the transduction mechanisms associated with activation of 5-HT4 receptors in human adrenocortical cells. Our results show that 5-HT4 receptors are present in the outer adrenal cortex, both in glomerulosa and fasciculata zonae. In the zona glomerulosa. 5-HT4 receptor was detected both in immunopositive and immunonegative cells for 11β-hydroxylase, an enzyme involved in cortisol synthesis. The data demonstrate that 5-HT4 receptors are positively coupled to adenylyl cyclases and cAMP-dependent protein kinases (PKA). The activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway is associated with calcium influx through T-type calcium channels. Both the adenylyl cyclase/PKA pathway and the calcium influx are involved in 5-HT-induced cortisol secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Louiset
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Duparc
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Sébastien Lenglet
- Unit of Toxicology, University Center of Legal Medicine, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N, 76000, Rouen, France; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France.
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29
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Schwafertz C, Schinner S, Kühn MC, Haase M, Asmus A, Mülders-Opgenoorth B, Ansurudeen I, Hornsby PJ, Morawietz H, Oetjen E, Schott M, Willenberg HS. Endothelial cells regulate β-catenin activity in adrenocortical cells via secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 441:108-115. [PMID: 27889473 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell-derived products influence the synthesis of aldosterone and cortisol in human adrenocortical cells by modulating proteins such as steroidogenic acute-regulatory (StAR) protein, steroidogenic factor (SF)-1 and CITED2. However, the potential endothelial cell-derived factors that mediate this effect are still unknown. The current study was perfomed to look into the control of β-catenin activity by endothelial cell-derived factors and to identify a mechanism by which they affect β-catenin activity in adrenocortical NCIH295R cells. Using reporter gene assays and Western blotting, we found that endothelial cell-conditioned medium (ECCM) led to nuclear translocation of β-catenin and an increase in β-catenin-dependent transcription that could be blocked by U0126, an inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Furthermore, we found that a receptor tyrosin kinase (RTK) was involved in ECCM-induced β-catenin-dependent transcription. Through selective inhibition of RTK using Su5402, it was shown that receptors responding to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mediate the action of ECCM. Adrenocortical cells treated with bFGF showed a significant greater level of bFGF mRNA. In addition, HUVECs secrete bFGF in a density-dependent manner. In conclusion, the data suggest that endothelial cells regulate β-catenin activity in adrenocortical cells also via secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schwafertz
- Division for Specific Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Schinner
- Division for Specific Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus C Kühn
- Division for Specific Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Haase
- Division for Specific Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; Department of Medicine III, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, University of Technology, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Amelie Asmus
- Division for Specific Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Mülders-Opgenoorth
- Division for Specific Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Ishrath Ansurudeen
- Department of Medicine III, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, University of Technology, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, L1:01 Rolf Luft Centrum, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter J Hornsby
- Department of Physiology and Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Department of Medicine III, Carl Gustav Carus Medical School, University of Technology, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Oetjen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacology for Pharmacist's Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schott
- Division for Specific Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger S Willenberg
- Division for Specific Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany.
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Waszut U, Szyszka P, Dworakowska D. Understanding mitotane mode of action. J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 68:13-26. [PMID: 28456766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare disease with poor prognosis. Mitotane is the most effective agent in post-operative treatment (or when inoperable). It selectively limits growth and bioactivity of adrenal tissue. Despite 60 years of use, the basis for its action has yet to be convincingly established. This review summarizes current knowledge of mitotane effects, based on studies on adrenal tissue and primary cell cultures, with emphasis on more recent studies of cell lines. We consider features of the adrenal cortex that might explain mitotane selectivity, and review effects on non-adrenal cells. Since the most clear-cut mitotane effects have been observed for mitochondria, this topic is the core of the review. Mitochondria present unique characteristics in steroidogenic tissue and are known to be important in malignancy development and apoptosis. We look at the evidence for mitotane activation within mitochondria, its impact on mitochondrial energy metabolism and other cellular processes as well as on downstream effects in the cell, such as apoptosis initiation. Further genomic and proteomic investigative studies are likely to yield useful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Waszut
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - P Szyszka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - D Dworakowska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. and
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Nolé P, Duijndam B, Stenman A, Juhlin CC, Kozyra M, Larsson C, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Johansson I. Human Cytochrome P450 2W1 Is Not Expressed in Adrenal Cortex and Is Only Rarely Expressed in Adrenocortical Carcinomas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162379. [PMID: 27598485 PMCID: PMC5012573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytochome P450 2W1 (CYP2W1) enzyme is expressed in fetal colon and in colon tumors. The level of expression is higher in colon metastases than in the parent tumors and the enzyme is a possible drug target for treatment of colorectal cancer, as demonstrated in mouse xenograft studies. A previous study published in this journal reported that CYP2W1 is highly expressed in normal and transformed adrenal tissue. However, adrenal expression of CYP2W1 protein was not seen in previous studies in our research group. To clarify this inconsistency, we have used qRT-PCR and Western blotting with CYP2W1-specific antibodies to probe a panel of 27 adrenocortical carcinomas and 35 normal adrenal cortex samples. CYP2W1 mRNA expression is seen in all samples. However, significant CYP2W1 protein expression was found in only one tumor sample (a testosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma) and not in any normal tissue. Differences in the specificity of the CYP2W1 antibodies used in the two studies may explain the apparent discrepancy. We conclude that normal adrenal tissue lacks P450 2W1 enzyme expression; also, adrenocortical carcinomas generally do not express the enzyme. This information thus underline the colon cancer specificity of CYP2W1 enzyme expression and has implications for the development of anti-colon cancer therapies based on CYP2W1 as a drug target, since 2W1-dependent bioactivation of prodrugs for CYP2W1 will not take place in normal adrenal tissue or other non-transformed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nolé
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt Duijndam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam Stenman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Kozyra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, and Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Inger Johansson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Ribeiro TC, Jorge AA, Montenegro LR, Almeida MQ, Ferraz-de-Souza B, Nishi MY, Mendonca BB, Latronico AC. Effects of Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor Silencing in a Human Adrenocortical Cell Line. Horm Metab Res 2016; 48:484-8. [PMID: 27246621 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-108196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, including adrenocortical tumors. The aim of the work was to investigate the effects of IGF-1R downregulation in a human adrenocortical cell line by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The human adrenocortical tumor cell line NCI H295R was transfected with 2 specific IGF1R siRNAs (# 1 and # 2) and compared with untreated cells and a negative control siRNA. IGF1R expression was determined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRTPCR) and Western blot. The effects of IGF-1R downregulation on cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed. IGF-1R levels were significantly decreased in cells treated with IGF-1R siRNA # 1 or # 2. Relative expression of IGF1R mRNA decreased approximately 50% and Western blot analysis revealed a 30% of reduction in IGF-1R protein. Downregulation of this gene resulted in 40% reduction in cell growth in vitro and 45% increase in apoptosis using siRNA # 2. These findings demonstrate that decreasing IGF-1R mRNA and protein expression in NCI H295R cells can partially inhibit adrenal tumor cell growth in vitro. Targeting IGF1R is a promising therapy for pediatric malignant adrenocortical tumor and can still be an option for adult adrenocortical cancer based on personalized genomic tumor profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Ribeiro
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular, LIM/42, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A A Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular, LIM/42, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L R Montenegro
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular, LIM/42, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Q Almeida
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular, LIM/42, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Ferraz-de-Souza
- Unidade de Doenças Osteometabólicas, Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaios LIM/18. Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Y Nishi
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular, LIM/42, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B B Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular, LIM/42, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular, LIM/42, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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TACHIBANA T, KUSAKABE KT, OSAKI S, KURAISHI T, HATTORI S, YOSHIZAWA M, KAI C, KISO Y. Histocytological specificities of adrenal cortex in the New World Monkeys, Aotus lemurinus and Saimiri boliviensis. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:161-5. [PMID: 26321299 PMCID: PMC4751139 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The New World monkey Aotus spp. (night monkeys) are expected for use of valuable experimental animal with the close species of Saimiri spp. (squirrel monkeys). Saimiri is known to show spontaneous hypercortisolemia, although few reports in Aotus. We compared basic states of blood steroid hormones and histological structure of the adrenal glands in two monkeys. Serum cortisol and ACTH levels were statistically lower in Aotus than Saimiri. Conversely, Aotus adrenocortical area showed significant enlargement, especially at the zona fasciculata. Electron microscopic observation at Aotus fasciculata cells revealed notable accumulation of large lipid droplets and irregular shapes of the mitochondrial cristae. These results suggest potential differences in cellular activities for steroidogenesis between Aotus and Saimiri and experimental usefulness in adrenocortical physiology and pathological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru TACHIBANA
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate
School of Veterinary Science, 1677–1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753–8515, Japan
| | - Ken Takeshi KUSAKABE
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate
School of Veterinary Science, 1677–1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753–8515, Japan
| | - Sayuri OSAKI
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate
School of Veterinary Science, 1677–1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753–8515, Japan
| | - Takeshi KURAISHI
- Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals, Institute of Medical
Science, The University of Tokyo, 802 Teyasu, Setouchi-cho, Ohshima-gun, Kagoshima
894–1531, Japan
| | - Shosaku HATTORI
- Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals, Institute of Medical
Science, The University of Tokyo, 802 Teyasu, Setouchi-cho, Ohshima-gun, Kagoshima
894–1531, Japan
| | - Midori YOSHIZAWA
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Utsunomiya
University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321–8505, Japan
| | - Chieko KAI
- Amami Laboratory of Injurious Animals, Institute of Medical
Science, The University of Tokyo, 802 Teyasu, Setouchi-cho, Ohshima-gun, Kagoshima
894–1531, Japan
| | - Yasuo KISO
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate
School of Veterinary Science, 1677–1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753–8515, Japan
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Mangelis A, Dieterich P, Peitzsch M, Richter S, Jühlen R, Hübner A, Willenberg HS, Deussen A, Lenders JWM, Eisenhofer G. Computational analysis of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric steroid profiling in NCI H295R cells following angiotensin II, forskolin and abiraterone treatment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:67-75. [PMID: 26435452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal steroid hormones, which regulate a plethora of physiological functions, are produced via tightly controlled pathways. Investigations of these pathways, based on experimental data, can be facilitated by computational modeling for calculations of metabolic rate alterations. We therefore used a model system, based on mass balance and mass reaction equations, to kinetically evaluate adrenal steroidogenesis in human adrenal cortex-derived NCI H295R cells. For this purpose a panel of 10 steroids was measured by liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometry. Time-dependent changes in cell incubate concentrations of steroids - including cortisol, aldosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and their precursors - were measured after incubation with angiotensin II, forskolin and abiraterone. Model parameters were estimated based on experimental data using weighted least square fitting. Time-dependent angiotensin II- and forskolin-induced changes were observed for incubate concentrations of precursor steroids with peaks that preceded maximal increases in aldosterone and cortisol. Inhibition of 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase with abiraterone resulted in increases in upstream precursor steroids and decreases in downstream products. Derived model parameters, including rate constants of enzymatic processes, appropriately quantified observed and expected changes in metabolic pathways at multiple conversion steps. Our data demonstrate limitations of single time point measurements and the importance of assessing pathway dynamics in studies of adrenal cortical cell line steroidogenesis. Our analysis provides a framework for evaluation of steroidogenesis in adrenal cortical cell culture systems and demonstrates that computational modeling-derived estimates of kinetic parameters are an effective tool for describing perturbations in associated metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Mangelis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Peter Dieterich
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Richter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ramona Jühlen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Hübner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger S Willenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Deussen
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jacques W M Lenders
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Czajkowski MT, Holysz M, Trzeciak WH. Induction of hormone-sensitive lipase/cholesteryl esterase gene expression by C/EBPα independently of the PKA pathway in the adrenocortical Y-1 cells. Steroids 2015; 104:118-21. [PMID: 26362599 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of C/EBPα on the expression of LIPE gene encoding hormone-sensitive lipase/cholesteryl esterase (HSL) was investigated in Y-1 CCL79 cells. It was found that transfection of these cells with the vector overexpressing C/EBPα increased both the level of LIPE transcript, measured by RT-qPCR, and the luminesce emitted by luciferase reporter gene fused to the -2150 fragment of LIPE promoter. Activation of adenylyl cyclase by forskolin resulted in 2.5-fold increase in the intensity of luminescence and over 3-fold increase in luminescence was observed when the cells were cotransfected with the vector overexpressing C/EBP. The incubation of C/EBP-cotransfected cells with forskolin caused over 6-fold increase in the intensity of luminescence, suggesting that the effects of C/EBPα and forskolin are additive. The analysis of sequence of the proximal LIPE promoter showed multiple binding sites for various transcription factors including C/EBPα site, which is located between nucleotides -46 bp and -59 bp. When the Y-1 cells were transfected with the recombinant vector containing -60 bp fragment of LIPE promoter fused to the luciferase reporter gene and were cotransfected with the vector overexpressing C/EBPα, the luminescence increases about 9-fold indicating that C/EBPα stimulates the expression of LIPE by reacting with its response element. The results indicate that C/EBPα stimulates the expression of LIPE independently of the PKA pathway by binding to a response element situated within the -60 bp fragment of LIPE promoter. This suggests that C/EBPα might be involved in the regulation of LIPE expression and thus cholesterol supply for steroid hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Czajkowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Holysz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - W H Trzeciak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Stindl J, Tauber P, Sterner C, Tegtmeier I, Warth R, Bandulik S. Pathogenesis of Adrenal Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas Carrying Mutations of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4582-91. [PMID: 26418325 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) is a major cause of primary aldosteronism, leading to secondary hypertension. Somatic mutations in the gene for the α1 subunit of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase were found in about 6% of APAs. APA-related α1 subunit of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase mutations lead to a loss of the pump function of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, which is believed to result in membrane depolarization and Ca(2+)-dependent stimulation of aldosterone synthesis in adrenal cells. In addition, H(+) and Na(+) leak currents via the mutant Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase were suggested to contribute to the phenotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular pathophysiology of adenoma-associated Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase mutants (L104R, V332G, G99R) in adrenocortical NCI-H295R cells. The expression of these Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase mutants depolarized adrenal cells and stimulated aldosterone secretion. However, an increase of basal cytosolic Ca(2+) levels in Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase mutant cells was not detectable, and stimulation with high extracellular K(+) hardly increased Ca(2+) levels in cells expressing L104R and V332G mutant Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Cytosolic pH measurements revealed an acidification of L104R and V332G mutant cells, despite an increased activity of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. The possible contribution of cellular acidification to the hypersecretion of aldosterone was supported by the observation that aldosterone secretion of normal adrenocortical cells was stimulated by acetate-induced acidification. Taken together, mutations of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase depolarize adrenocortical cells, disturb the K(+) sensitivity, and lower intracellular pH but, surprisingly, do not induce an overt increase of intracellular Ca(2+). Probably, the autonomous aldosterone secretion is caused by the concerted action of several pathological signaling pathways and incomplete cellular compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stindl
- Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Tauber
- Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Sterner
- Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - I Tegtmeier
- Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Warth
- Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Bandulik
- Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Häfner R, Bohnenpoll T, Rudat C, Schultheiss TM, Kispert A. Fgfr2 is required for the expansion of the early adrenocortical primordium. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:168-77. [PMID: 26141512 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal cortex is a critical steroidogenic endocrine tissue, generated at least in part from intermediate mesoderm of the anterior urogenital ridge. Previous work has pinpointed a minor role of the FGFR2IIIb isoform in expansion and differentiation of the fetal adrenal cortex in mice but did not address the complete role of FGFR2 and FGFR1 signaling in adrenocortical development. Here, we show that a Tbx18(cre) line mediates specific recombination in the coelomic epithelium of the anterior urogenital ridge which gives rise by a delamination process to the adrenocortical primordium. Mice with conditional (Tbx18(cre)-mediated) deletion of all isoforms of Fgfr2 exhibited severely hypoplastic adrenal glands around birth. Cortical cells were dramatically reduced in number but showed steroidogenic differentiation and zonation. Neuroendocrine chromaffin cells were also reduced and formed a cell cluster adjacent to but not encapsulated by steroidogenic cells. Analysis of earlier time points revealed that the adrenocortical primordium was established in the intermediate mesoderm at E10.5 but that it failed to expand at subsequent stages. Our further experiments show that FGFR2 signaling acts as early as E11.5 to prevent apoptosis and enhance proliferation in adrenocortical progenitor cells. FGFR1 signaling does not contribute to early adrenocortical development. Our work suggests that FGFR2IIIb and IIIc isoforms largely act redundantly to promote expansion of the adrenocortical primordium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Häfner
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Bohnenpoll
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Rudat
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas M Schultheiss
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport-Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Hara T, Otsuka F, Tsukamoto-Yamauchi N, Inagaki K, Hosoya T, Nakamura E, Terasaka T, Komatsubara M, Makino H. Mutual effects of melatonin and activin on induction of aldosterone production by human adrenocortical cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 152:8-15. [PMID: 25889901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has been reported to suppress adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion in the anterior pituitary and cortisol production in the adrenal by different mechanisms. However, the effect of melatonin on aldosterone production has remained unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of melatonin in the regulation of aldosterone production using human adrenocortical H295R cells by focusing on the activin system expressed in the adrenal. Melatonin receptor MT1 mRNA and protein were expressed in H295R cells and the expression levels of MT1 were increased by activin treatment. Activin increased ACTH-induced, but not angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced, aldosterone production. Melatonin alone did not affect basal synthesis of either aldosterone or cortisol. However, melatonin effectively enhanced aldosterone production induced by co-treatment with ACTH and activin, although melatonin had no effect on aldosterone production induced by Ang II in combination with activin. These changes in steroidogenesis became apparent when the steroid production was evaluated by the ratio of aldosterone/cortisol. Melatonin also enhanced dibutyryl-AMP-induced aldosterone/cortisol levels in the presence of activin, suggesting a functional link to the cAMP-PKA pathway for induction of aldosterone production by melatonin and activin. In accordance with the data for steroids, ACTH-induced, but not Ang II-induced, cAMP synthesis was also amplified by co-treatment with melatonin and activin. Furthermore, the ratio of ACTH-induced mRNA level of CYP11B2 compared with that of CYP17 was amplified in the condition of treatment with both melatonin and activin. In addition, melatonin increased expression of the activin type-I receptor ALK-4 but suppressed expression of inhibitory Smads6/7, leading to the enhancement of Smad2 phosphorylation. Collectively, the results showed that melatonin facilitated aldosterone production induced by ACTH and activin via the cAMP-PKA pathway. The results also suggested that mutual enhancement of melatonin and activin receptor signaling is involved in the induction of aldosterone output by adrenocortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | | | - Kenichi Inagaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hosoya
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Eri Nakamura
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Terasaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Motoshi Komatsubara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Makino
- Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Ramanjaneya M, Tan BK, Rucinski M, Kawan M, Hu J, Kaur J, Patel VH, Malendowicz LK, Komarowska H, Lehnert H, Randeva HS. Nesfatin-1 inhibits proliferation and enhances apoptosis of human adrenocortical H295R cells. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:1-11. [PMID: 25869615 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NUCB2/nesfatin and its proteolytically cleaved product nesfatin-1 are recently discovered anorexigenic hypothalamic neuroproteins involved in energy homeostasis. It is expressed both centrally and in peripheral tissues, and appears to have potent metabolic actions. NUCB2/nesfatin neurons are activated in response to stress. Central nesfatin-1 administration elevates circulating ACTH and corticosterone levels. Bilateral adrenalectomy increased NUCB2/nesfatin mRNA levels in rat paraventricular nuclei. To date, studies have not assessed the effects of nesfatin-1 stimulation on human adrenocortical cells. Therefore, we investigated the expression and effects of nesfatin-1 in a human adrenocortical cell model (H295R). Our findings demonstrate that NUCB2 and nesfatin-1 are expressed in human adrenal gland and human adrenocortical cells (H295R). Stimulation with nesfatin-1 inhibits the growth of H295R cells and promotes apoptosis, potentially via the involvement of Bax, BCL-XL and BCL-2 genes as well as ERK1/2, p38 and JNK1/2 signalling cascades. This has implications for understanding the role of NUCB2/nesfatin in adrenal zonal development. NUCB2/nesfatin may also be a therapeutic target for adrenal cancer. However, further studies using in vivo models are needed to clarify these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohamed Kawan
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vanlata H Patel
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ludwik K Malendowicz
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hanna Komarowska
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal
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Röhrig T, Pihlajoki M, Ziegler R, Cochran RS, Schrade A, Schillebeeckx M, Mitra RD, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. Toying with fate: Redirecting the differentiation of adrenocortical progenitor cells into gonadal-like tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:165-77. [PMID: 25498963 PMCID: PMC4417465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate decisions are integral to zonation and remodeling of the adrenal cortex. Animal models exhibiting ectopic differentiation of gonadal-like cells in the adrenal cortex can shed light on the molecular mechanisms regulating steroidogenic cell fate. In one such model, prepubertal gonadectomy (GDX) of mice triggers the formation of adrenocortical neoplasms that resemble luteinized ovarian stroma. Transcriptomic analysis and genome-wide DNA methylation mapping have identified genetic and epigenetic markers of GDX-induced adrenocortical neoplasia. Members of the GATA transcription factor family have emerged as key regulators of cell fate in this model. Expression of Gata4 is pivotal for the accumulation of gonadal-like cells in the adrenal glands of gonadectomized mice, whereas expression of Gata6 limits the spontaneous and GDX-induced differentiation of gonadal-like cells in the adrenal cortex. Additionally, Gata6 is essential for proper development of the adrenal X-zone, a layer analogous to the fetal zone of the human adrenal cortex. The relevance of these observations to developmental signaling pathways in the adrenal cortex, to other animal models of altered adrenocortical cell fate, and to human diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Röhrig
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hochschule Mannheim - University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim 68163, Germany
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Ricarda Ziegler
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hochschule Mannheim - University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim 68163, Germany
| | - Rebecca S Cochran
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anja Schrade
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Maximiliaan Schillebeeckx
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robi D Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - David B Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Dattilo M, Neuman I, Muñoz M, Maloberti P, Cornejo Maciel F. OxeR1 regulates angiotensin II and cAMP-stimulated steroid production in human H295R adrenocortical cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:38-44. [PMID: 25657046 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hormone-regulated steroidogenesis and StAR protein induction involve the action of lipoxygenated products. The products of 5-lipoxygenase act on inflammation and immunity by stimulation of a membrane receptor called OxeR1. The presence of OxeR1 in other systems has not been described up to date and little is known about its mechanism of action and other functions. In this context, the aim of this study was the identification and characterization of OxeR1 as a mediator of cAMP-dependent and independent pathways. Overexpression of OxeR1 in MA-10 Leydig cells increased cAMP-dependent progesterone production. Angiotensin II and cAMP stimulation of adrenocortical human H295R cells produced an increase in StAR protein induction and steroidogenesis in cells overexpressing OxeR1 as compared to mock-transfected cells. Additionally, activation of OxeR1 caused a time-dependent increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In summary, membrane receptor OxeR1 is involved in StAR protein induction and activation of steroidogenesis triggered by cAMP or angiotensin II, acting, at least in part, through ERK1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Dattilo
- INBIOMED - UBA/CONICET, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabel Neuman
- INBIOMED - UBA/CONICET, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Muñoz
- INBIOMED - UBA/CONICET, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Maloberti
- INBIOMED - UBA/CONICET, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Cornejo Maciel
- INBIOMED - UBA/CONICET, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Drelon C, Berthon A, Mathieu M, Martinez A, Val P. Adrenal cortex tissue homeostasis and zonation: A WNT perspective. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:156-64. [PMID: 25542843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal cortex plays essential roles in the control of sodium and water homeostasis, stress response, inflammation and metabolism, through secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Coordinated production of these hormones relies on functional zonation of the cortex, characterised by expression of Cyp11b2 under the control of angiotensin II and plasma potassium level in zona glomerulosa (ZG) and Cyp11b1 under the control of ACTH in zona fasciculata (ZF). The mechanisms involved in the establishment of functional zonation and its maintenance during centripetal cortex cell renewal are still poorly understood. Here, we hypothesise that the hormonal and signalling pathways that control adrenal cortex function are also involved in cortical zonation. In particular, we summarise evidence on the role of WNT/β-catenin signalling in ZG differentiation and how tight control of its activity is required to shape the adult cortex. In this context, we discuss the potential role of known WNT regulators and the possibility of a reciprocal cross-talk between PKA and WNT signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Drelon
- Laboratoire Génétique Reproduction et Développement -GReD- CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, 24 Avenue des Landais, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Annabel Berthon
- Laboratoire Génétique Reproduction et Développement -GReD- CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, 24 Avenue des Landais, Aubière Cedex 63171, France; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103, USA
| | - Mickael Mathieu
- Laboratoire Génétique Reproduction et Développement -GReD- CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, 24 Avenue des Landais, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Laboratoire Génétique Reproduction et Développement -GReD- CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, 24 Avenue des Landais, Aubière Cedex 63171, France
| | - Pierre Val
- Laboratoire Génétique Reproduction et Développement -GReD- CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, 24 Avenue des Landais, Aubière Cedex 63171, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric E Wondisford
- Johns Hopkins Diabetes Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
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44
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Huang CCJ, Kraft C, Moy N, Ng L, Forrest D. A Novel Population of Inner Cortical Cells in the Adrenal Gland That Displays Sexually Dimorphic Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptor-β1. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2338-48. [PMID: 25774556 PMCID: PMC4430604 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of the adrenal cortex involves the formation and then subsequent regression of immature or fetal inner cell layers as the mature steroidogenic outer layers expand. However, controls over this remodeling, especially in the immature inner layer, are incompletely understood. Here we identify an inner cortical cell population that expresses thyroid hormone receptor-β1 (TRβ1), one of two receptor isoforms encoded by the Thrb gene. Using mice with a Thrb(b1) reporter allele that expresses lacZ instead of TRβ1, β-galactosidase was detected in the inner cortex from early stages. Expression peaked at juvenile ages in an inner zone that included cells expressing 20-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a marker of the transient, so-called X-zone in mice. The β-galactosidase-positive zone displayed sexually dimorphic regression in males after approximately 4 weeks of age but persisted in females into adulthood in either nulliparous or parous states. T3 treatment promoted hypertrophy of inner cortical cells, induced some markers of mature cortical cells, and, in males, delayed the regression of the TRβ1-positive zone, suggesting that TRβ1 could partly divert the differentiation fate and counteract male-specific regression of inner zone cells. TRβ1-deficient mice were resistant to these actions of T3, supporting a functional role for TRβ1 in the inner cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Abstract
There is considerable evidence supporting the role of calcium signaling in adrenal regulation of both aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and aldosterone production. However, there have been no studies that investigated the role played by the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) in adrenal cells. In this study we investigated the role of CaMKK in adrenal cell aldosterone production. To determine the role of CaMKK, we used a selective CaMKK inhibitor (STO-609) in the HAC15 human adrenal cell line. Cells were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) or K+ and evaluated for the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and CYP11B2 (mRNA/protein) as well as aldosterone production. We also transduced HAC15 cells with lentiviral short hairpin RNAs of CaMKK1 and CaMKK2 to determine which CaMKK plays a more important role in adrenal cell regulation of the calcium signaling cascade. The CaMKK inhibitor, STO-609, decreased aldosterone production in cells treated with Ang II or K+ in a dose-dependent manner. STO-609 (20 μM) also inhibited steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and CYP11B2 mRNA/protein induction. CaMKK2 knockdown cells showed significant reduction of CYP11B2 mRNA induction and aldosterone production in cells treated with Ang II, although there was no obvious effect in CaMKK1 knockdown cells. In immunohistochemical analysis, CaMKK2 protein was highly expressed in human adrenal zona glomerulosa with lower expression in the zona fasciculata. In conclusion, the present study suggests that CaMKK2 plays a pivotal role in the calcium signaling cascade regulating adrenal aldosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Nanba
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Jühlen R, Idkowiak J, Taylor AE, Kind B, Arlt W, Huebner A, Koehler K. Role of ALADIN in human adrenocortical cells for oxidative stress response and steroidogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124582. [PMID: 25867024 PMCID: PMC4395102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple A syndrome is caused by mutations in AAAS encoding the protein ALADIN. We investigated the role of ALADIN in the human adrenocortical cell line NCI-H295R1 by either over-expression or down-regulation of ALADIN. Our findings indicate that AAAS knock-down induces a down-regulation of genes coding for type II microsomal cytochrome P450 hydroxylases CYP17A1 and CYP21A2 and their electron donor enzyme cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, thereby decreasing biosynthesis of precursor metabolites required for glucocorticoid and androgen production. Furthermore we demonstrate that ALADIN deficiency leads to increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and alteration in redox homeostasis after paraquat treatment. Finally, we show significantly impaired nuclear import of DNA ligase 1, aprataxin and ferritin heavy chain 1 in ALADIN knock-down cells. We conclude that down-regulating ALADIN results in decreased oxidative stress response leading to alteration in steroidogenesis, highlighting our knock-down cell model as an important in-vitro tool for studying the adrenal phenotype in triple A syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Jühlen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Idkowiak
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Angela E. Taylor
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Kind
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Huebner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Koehler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Hu D, Wang X, Cao R, Ding X. Effects of down-regulated steroidogenic factor-1 on ACTH and potassium chloride-induced steroid synthesis in H295R cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2015; 61:51-55. [PMID: 25817346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of adrenal diseases in the cortex is more common than that in the medulla in the form of hormone disorder or neoplasm. Steroidogenic factor—1 (SF—1) is important in regulating aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and cortisol synthase (CYP11B1). SF—1 is increased in aldosterone—producing adenoma (APA) and cortisol—producing adenoma (CPA). Overexpression of SF—1 has been extensively studied, but the available in—depth information regarding the effects of downregulated SF—1 on CYP11B2/CYP11B1 and their regulators is limited. In this paper, we attempted to investigate the effects of downregulated SF—1 on aldosterone to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and potassium chloride (KCl) stimulation and those on cortisol to ACTH stimulation through RNA interference in acute and chronic phases. Downregulated SF—1 decreased the sensitivity of aldosterone to ACTH/KCl and that of cortisol to ACTH stimulation. This study provides new insights into the influence of SF—1 on adrenocortical diseases by considering the effects of SF—1 on regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Department of urology, Wuhan China hdlhdl2008@163.com
| | - X Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Department of urology, Wuhan China
| | - R Cao
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Department of urology, Wuhan China
| | - X Ding
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Department of urology, Wuhan China
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Issop L, Fan J, Lee S, Rone MB, Basu K, Mui J, Papadopoulos V. Mitochondria-associated membrane formation in hormone-stimulated Leydig cell steroidogenesis: role of ATAD3. Endocrinology 2015; 156:334-45. [PMID: 25375035 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leydig cell steroidogenesis is a multistep process that takes place in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The physical association between these 2 organelles could facilitate both steroidogenesis substrate availability and mitochondrial product passage to steroidogenic enzymes in the ER, thus regulating the rate of steroid formation. Confocal microscopy, using antisera against organelle-specific antigens, and electron microscopy studies demonstrated that there is an increase in the number of mitochondria-ER contact sites in response to hormone treatment in MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cells. Electron tomography and 3-dimensional reconstruction allowed for the visualization of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). MAMs were isolated and found to contain the 67-kDa long isoform of the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) family, AAA domain-containing protein 3 (ATAD3). The 67-kDa ATAD3 is anchored in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is enriched in outer-inner mitochondrial membrane contact sites. ATAD3-depleted MA-10 cells showed reduced production of steroids in response to human choriogonadotropin but not to 22R-hydroxycholesterol treatment, indicating a role of ATAD3 in the delivery of the substrate cholesterol into the mitochondria. The N terminus of ATAD3 contains 50 amino acids that have been proposed to insert into the outer mitochondrial membrane and associated organelles such as the ER. Deletion of the ATAD3 N terminus resulted in the reduction of hormone-stimulated progesterone biosynthesis, suggesting a role of ATAD3 in mitochondria-ER contact site formation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the hormone-induced, ATAD3-mediated, MAM formation participates in the optimal transfer of cholesterol from the ER into mitochondria for steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeyah Issop
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (L.I., J.F., S.L., M.B.R., V.P.); Departments of Medicine (L.I., J.F., S.L., M.B.R., V.P.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (V.P.), and Biochemistry (V.P.); and Facility for Electron Microscopy Research (K.B., J.M.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1A4, Canada
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de Mendonca POR, Costa IC, Lotfi CFP. The involvement of Nek2 and Notch in the proliferation of rat adrenal cortex triggered by POMC-derived peptides. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108657. [PMID: 25279464 PMCID: PMC4184836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenal gland is a dynamic organ that undergoes constant cell turnover. This allows for rapid organ remodeling in response to the physiological demands of the HPA axis, which is controlled by proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and N-Terminal peptides (N-POMC). In the rat adrenal cortex, POMC-derived peptides trigger a mitogenic effect, and this process increases cyclins D and E, while inhibiting p27Kip1. The goal of the present study was to further explore the mitogenic effect of ACTH and synthetic N-POMC1–28 peptides by investigating the differences in the expression of key genes involved in the cell cycle of the rat adrenal cortex, following inhibition of the HPA axis. Moreover, we evaluated the differences between the inner and outer fractions of the adrenal cortex (ZF-fraction and ZG-fraction) in terms of their response patterns to different stimuli. In the current study, the inhibition of the HPA axis repressed the expression of Ccnb2, Camk2a, and Nek2 genes throughout the adrenal cortex, while treatments with POMC-derived peptides stimulated Nek2, gene and protein expression, and Notch2 gene expression. Furthermore, Notch1 protein expression was restricted to the subcapsular region of the cortex, an area of the adrenal cortex that is well-known for proliferation. We also showed that different regions of the adrenal cortex respond to HPA-axis inhibition and to induction with POMC-derived peptides at different times. These results suggest that cells in the ZG and ZF fractions could be at different phases of the cell cycle. Our results contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in cell cycle regulation in adrenocortical cells triggered by N-POMC peptides and ACTH, and highlight the involvement of genes such as Nek2 and Notch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismael Cabral Costa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Asser L, Hescot S, Viengchareun S, Delemer B, Trabado S, Lombès M. Autocrine positive regulatory feedback of glucocorticoid secretion: glucocorticoid receptor directly impacts H295R human adrenocortical cell function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 395:1-9. [PMID: 25058354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ubiquitous transcriptional factor, regulates target gene expression upon activation by glucocorticoids, notably cortisol, a corticosteroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal cortex. We thus hypothesized that both GR and cortisol might be involved in the regulation of adrenal physiology and steroidogenesis in an autocrine manner. In a cortisol-secreting human adrenocortical cell line (H295R), the GR-dependent signaling pathway was pharmacologically modulated either by dexamethasone (DEX), a GR agonist or by RU486, a GR antagonist, or was knocked-down by small interfering RNA strategy (SiRNA). We showed that GR activation, elicited by 48 h exposure to DEX, exerts a global positive regulatory effect on adrenal steroidogenesis as revealed by a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone secretion associated with a significant enhanced expression of steroidogenesis factors such as StAR, CYP11A1, CYP21A2 and CYP11B1. In sharp contrast, RU486 treatment exerted opposite effects by decreasing both steroid production and expression of these steroidogenic factors. Likewise, GR repression by SiRNA also significantly reduced StAR, CYP11A1, and CYP11B1 mRNA levels. Interestingly, RU486 resulted in a significant CYP21A2 enzymatic blockade as demonstrated by a massive increase in 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations in RU486-treated H295R cell supernatants, while cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol secretions were reduced by more than 60%. Consistently, we also demonstrated that metabolic conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone into 11-deoxycortisol onto H295R cells was drastically blunted in the presence of RU 486. Finally, steady state levels of MC2R transcripts encoding for the ACTH receptor were significantly induced by DEX, unlikely through a direct GR-mediated transcriptional activation as opposed to CYP11A1 and FKBP5 target genes. These results could account for a higher glucocorticoid-elicited ACTH sensitivity of adrenocortical cells. Our study identifies a positive ultra-short regulatory loop exerted by GR on steroidogenesis in H295R cells, thus supporting a complex intra-adrenal GR-mediated feedback, likely relevant for human adrenocortical pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Asser
- Inserm, U693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | - Ségolène Hescot
- Inserm, U693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | - Say Viengchareun
- Inserm, U693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | - Brigitte Delemer
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalier de Reims, F-51092, France
| | - Séverine Trabado
- Inserm, U693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique, Hormonologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- Inserm, U693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, France.
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