1
|
Reyna-Jeldes M, Díaz-Muñoz M, Madariaga JA, Coddou C, Vázquez-Cuevas FG. Autocrine and paracrine purinergic signaling in the most lethal types of cancer. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:345-370. [PMID: 33982134 PMCID: PMC8410929 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer comprises a collection of diseases that occur in almost any tissue and it is characterized by an abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth that results in tumor formation and propagation to other tissues, causing tissue and organ malfunction and death. Despite the undeniable improvement in cancer diagnostics and therapy, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic and preventive strategies with improved efficacy and fewer side effects. In this context, purinergic signaling emerges as an interesting candidate as a cancer biomarker or therapeutic target. There is abundant evidence that tumor cells have significant changes in the expression of purinergic receptors, which comprise the G-protein coupled P2Y and AdoR families of receptors and the ligand-gated ion channel P2X receptors. Tumor cells also exhibit changes in the expression of nucleotidases and other enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism, and the concentrations of extracellular nucleotides are significantly higher than those observed in normal cells. In this review, we will focus on the potential role of purinergic signaling in the ten most lethal cancers (lung, breast, colorectal, liver, stomach, prostate, cervical, esophagus, pancreas, and ovary), which together are responsible for more than 5 million annual deaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Reyna-Jeldes
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - M Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - J A Madariaga
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - C Coddou
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago, Chile.
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a nivel Básico, Aplicado y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - F G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, México.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
The myocardium consists of different cell types, of which endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts are the most abundant. Communication between these different cell types, also called paracrine signaling, is essential for normal cardiac function, but also important in cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Systematic studies on the expression of ligands and their corresponding receptors in different cell types showed that for 60% of the expressed ligands in a particular cell, the receptor is also expressed. The fact that many ligand-receptor pairs are present in most cells, including the major cell types in the heart, indicates that autocrine signaling is a widespread phenomenon. Autocrine signaling in cardiac remodeling and heart failure is involved in all pathophysiological mechanisms generally observed: hypertrophy, fibrosis, angiogenesis, cell survival, and inflammation. Herein, we review ligand-receptor pairs present in the major cardiac cell types based on RNA-sequencing expression databases, and we review current literature on extracellular signaling proteins with an autocrine function in the heart; these include C-type natriuretic peptide, fibroblast growth factors 2, F21, and 23, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, heparin binding-epidermal growth factor, angiopoietin-like protein 2, leptin, adiponectin, follistatin-like 1, apelin, neuregulin 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor β, wingless-type integration site family, member 1-induced secreted protein-1, interleukin 11, connective tissue growth factor/cellular communication network factor, and calcitonin gene‒related peptide. The large number of autocrine signaling factors that have been studied in the literature supports the concept that autocrine signaling is an essential part of myocardial biology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent F. M. Segers
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyUniversity of AntwerpBelgium
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital AntwerpEdegemBelgium
| | - Gilles W. De Keulenaer
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyUniversity of AntwerpBelgium
- Department of CardiologyZNA HospitalAntwerpBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang L, Jiang X, Pfau D, Ling Y, Nathan CF. Type I interferon signaling mediates Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced macrophage death. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20200887. [PMID: 33125053 PMCID: PMC7608065 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages help defend the host against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the major cause of tuberculosis (TB). Once phagocytized, Mtb resists killing by macrophages, replicates inside them, and leads to their death, releasing Mtb that can infect other cells. We found that the death of Mtb-infected mouse macrophages in vitro does not appear to proceed by a currently known pathway. Through genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we identified a critical role for autocrine or paracrine signaling by macrophage-derived type I IFNs in the death of Mtb-infected macrophages in vitro, and blockade of type I IFN signaling augmented the effect of rifampin, a first-line TB drug, in Mtb-infected mice. Further definition of the pathway of type I IFN-mediated macrophage death may allow for host-directed therapy of TB that is more selective than systemic blockade of type I IFN signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carl F. Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ungefroren H. Autocrine TGF-β in Cancer: Review of the Literature and Caveats in Experimental Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:977. [PMID: 33478130 PMCID: PMC7835898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autocrine signaling is defined as the production and secretion of an extracellular mediator by a cell followed by the binding of that mediator to receptors on the same cell to initiate signaling. Autocrine stimulation often operates in autocrine loops, a type of interaction, in which a cell produces a mediator, for which it has receptors, that upon activation promotes expression of the same mediator, allowing the cell to repeatedly autostimulate itself (positive feedback) or balance its expression via regulation of a second factor that provides negative feedback. Autocrine signaling loops with positive or negative feedback are an important feature in cancer, where they enable context-dependent cell signaling in the regulation of growth, survival, and cell motility. A growth factor that is intimately involved in tumor development and progression and often produced by the cancer cells in an autocrine manner is transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). This review surveys the many observations of autocrine TGF-β signaling in tumor biology, including data from cell culture and animal models as well as from patients. We also provide the reader with a critical discussion on the various experimental approaches employed to identify and prove the involvement of autocrine TGF-β in a given cellular response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany;
- Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Insulin secretion by β-cells is largely controlled by circulating nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters. However, recent years have witnessed the multiplication of studies investigating whether local regulation also takes place within pancreatic islets, in which β-cells cohabit with several other cell types. The cell composition and architectural organization of human islets differ from those of rodent islets and are particularly favorable to cellular interactions. An impressive number of hormonal (glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, somatostatin, etc.) and nonhormonal products (ATP, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, etc.) are released by islet cells and have been implicated in a local control of insulin secretion. This review analyzes reports directly testing paracrine and autocrine control of insulin secretion in isolated human islets. Many of these studies were designed on background information collected in rodent islets. However, the perspective of the review is not to highlight species similarities or specificities but to contrast established and speculative mechanisms in human islets. It will be shown that the current evidence is convincing only for a minority of candidates for a paracrine function whereas arguments supporting a physiological role of others do not stand up to scrutiny. Several pending questions await further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Henquin
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu Y, Lam AK, Shum DK, Cui D, Zhang J, Yan DD, Li B, Xu WW, Lee NP, Chan KT, Law S, Tsao SW, Cheung AL. Significance of serglycin and its binding partners in autocrine promotion of metastasis in esophageal cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:2722-2741. [PMID: 33456569 PMCID: PMC7806492 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Little is known about the roles of proteoglycans in esophageal cancer. This study aims to investigate the roles and mechanisms of serglycin (SRGN) proteoglycan in promoting metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Reverse phase protein array analysis was used to identify activated signaling pathways in SRGN-overexpressing cells. Chemokine array was used to identify differentially secreted factors from SRGN-overexpressing cells. Binding between SRGN and potential interacting partners was evaluated using proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of SRGN were characterized using fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. Tissue microarray and serum samples were used to determine the correlation of SRGN expression with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. Results: In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SRGN promoted invasion and metastasis in ESCC via activating ERK pathway, stabilizing c-Myc and upregulating the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases. SRGN-knockdown suppressed tumorigenic hallmarks. These SRGN-elicited functions were carried out in an autocrine manner by inducing the secretion of midkine (MDK), which was further identified as a novel binding partner of SRGN for the formation of a SRGN/MDK/CD44 complex. In addition, SRGN interacted with MDK and matrix metalloproteinase 2 in ESCC via its GAG chains, which were mainly decorated with chondroitin sulfate comprising of ∆di-4S and ∆di-6S CS. Clinically, high expression of serum SRGN in serum of patients with ESCC was an independent prognostic marker for poor survival. Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that elevated serum SRGN has prognostic significance in patients with ESCC, and sheds light on the molecular mechanism by which elevated circulating SRGN in cancer patients might promote cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alfred K.Y. Lam
- Department of Pathology, Griffith Medical School, Queensland, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Daisy K.Y. Shum
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Di Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong Dong Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nikki P.Y. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Tak Chan
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Annie L.M. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Husted AS, Ekberg JH, Tripp E, Nissen TAD, Meijnikman S, O'Brien SL, Ulven T, Acherman Y, Bruin SC, Nieuwdorp M, Gerhart-Hines Z, Calebiro D, Dragsted LO, Schwartz TW. Autocrine negative feedback regulation of lipolysis through sensing of NEFAs by FFAR4/GPR120 in WAT. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101103. [PMID: 33091626 PMCID: PMC7683346 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) released from adipocytes inhibit lipolysis through an unclear mechanism. We hypothesized that the LCFA receptor, FFAR4 (GPR120), which is highly expressed in adipocytes, may be involved in this feedback regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of conditioned media from isoproterenol-stimulated primary cultures of murine and human adipocytes demonstrated that most of the released non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFAs) are known agonists for FFAR4. In agreement with this, conditioned medium from isoproterenol-treated adipocytes stimulated signaling strongly in FFAR4 transfected COS-7 cells as opposed to non-transfected control cells. In transfected 3T3-L1 cells, FFAR4 agonism stimulated Gi- and Go-mini G protein binding more strongly than Gq, effects which were blocked by the selective FFAR4 antagonist AH7614. In primary cultures of murine white adipocytes, the synthetic, selective FFAR4 agonist CpdA inhibited isoproterenol-induced intracellular cAMP accumulation in a manner similar to the antilipolytic control agent nicotinic acid acting through another receptor, HCAR2. In vivo, oral gavage with the synthetic, specific FFAR4 agonist CpdB decreased the level of circulating NEFAs in fasting lean mice to a similar degree as nicotinic acid. In agreement with the identified anti-lipolytic effect of FFAR4, plasma NEFAs and glycerol were increased in FFAR4-deficient mice as compared to littermate controls despite having elevated insulin levels, and cAMP accumulation in primary adipocyte cultures was augmented by treatment with the FFAR4 antagonist conceivably by blocking the stimulatory tone of endogenous NEFAs on FFAR4. CONCLUSIONS In white adipocytes, FFAR4 functions as an NEFA-activated, autocrine, negative feedback regulator of lipolysis by decreasing cAMP though Gi-mediated signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sofie Husted
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jeppe H Ekberg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Emma Tripp
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Center of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Tinne A D Nissen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stijn Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Shannon L O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Center of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Yair Acherman
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.
| | - Sjoerd C Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Zach Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Center of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Section of Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark.
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells are the only cell type in our body capable of producing and secreting insulin to instruct the insulin-sensitive cells and tissues of our bodies to absorb nutrients after a meal. Accurate control of insulin release is of critical importance; too little insulin leads to diabetes, while an excess of insulin can cause potentially fatal hypoglycaemia. Yet, the pancreas of most people will control insulin secretion safely and effectively over decades and in response to glucose excursions driven by tens of thousands of meals. Because we only become aware of the important contributions of the pancreas when it fails to maintain glucose homeostasis, it is easy to forget just how well insulin release from a healthy pancreas is matched to insulin need to ensure stable blood glucose levels. Beta cells achieve this feat by extensive crosstalk with the rest of the endocrine cell types in the islet, notably the glucagon-producing alpha cells and somatostatin-producing delta cells. Here I will review the important paracrine contributions that each of these cells makes to the stimulation and subsequent inhibition of insulin release in response to a transient nutrient stimulation, and make the case that a breakdown of this local crosstalk contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, 196 Briggs Hall, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mota STS, Vecchi L, Alves DA, Cordeiro AO, Guimarães GS, Campos-Fernández E, Maia YCP, Dornelas BDC, Bezerra SM, de Andrade VP, Goulart LR, Araújo TG. Annexin A1 promotes the nuclear localization of the epidermal growth factor receptor in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 127:105838. [PMID: 32858191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor is a cancer driver whose nuclear localization has been associated with the progression of prostate cancer to the castration-resistant phenotype. Previous reports indicated a functional interaction between this receptor and the protein Annexin A1, which has also been associated with aggressive tumors. The molecular pathogenesis of castration-resistant prostate cancer remains largely unresolved, and herein we have demonstrated the correlation between the expression levels and localization of the epidermal growth factor receptor and Annexin A1 in prostate cancer samples and cell lines. Interestingly, a higher expression of both proteins was detected in castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines and the strongest correlation was seen at the nuclear level. We verified that Annexin A1 interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor, and by using prostate cancer cell lines knocked down for Annexin A1, we succeeded in demonstrating that Annexin A1 promotes the nuclear localization of epidermal growth factor receptor. Finally, we showed that Annexin A1 activates an autocrine signaling in castration-resistant prostate cells through the formyl peptide receptor 1. The inhibition of such signaling by Cyclosporin H inhibits the nuclear localization of epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream signaling. The present work sheds light on the functional interaction between nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor and nuclear Annexin A1 in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Therefore, strategies to inhibit the nuclear localization of epidermal growth factor receptor through the suppression of the Annexin A1 autocrine loop could represent an important intervention strategy for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Teixeira Soares Mota
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, 387400-128, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Lara Vecchi
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Alexsander Alves
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, 387400-128, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Antonielle Oliveira Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, 387400-128, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Silva Guimarães
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, 387400-128, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Esther Campos-Fernández
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruno de Carvalho Dornelas
- Pathology Division, Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, 387400-128, Brazil; University of California, Davis, Dept. of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Thaise Gonçalves Araújo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas, MG, 387400-128, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pal S, Gasheva OY, Zawieja DC, Meininger CJ, Gashev AA. Histamine-mediated autocrine signaling in mesenteric perilymphatic mast cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R590-R604. [PMID: 31913658 PMCID: PMC7099465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00255.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels play a critical role in mounting a proper immune response by trafficking peripheral immune cells to draining lymph nodes. Mast cells (MCs) are well known for their roles in type I hypersensitivity reactions, but little is known about their secretory regulation in the lymphatic niche. MCs, as innate sensor and effector cells, reside close to mesenteric lymphatic vessels (MLVs), and their activation and ability to release histamine influences the lymphatic microenvironment in a histamine-NF-κB-dependent manner. Using an established experimental protocol involving surgical isolation of rat mesenteric tissue segments, including MLVs and surrounding perilymphatic tissues, we tested the hypothesis that perilymphatic mesenteric MCs possess histamine receptors (HRs) that bind and respond to the histamine released from these same MCs. Under various experimental conditions, including inflammatory stimulation by LPS, we measured histamine in mesenteric perilymphatic tissues, evaluated expression of histidine decarboxylase in MCs along with the degree of MC degranulation, assessed the functional status of HRs in MCs, and evaluated the ability of histamine itself to induce MC activation. Finally, we evaluated the importance of MCs and HR1 and -2 for MLV-directed trafficking of CD11b/c-positive cells during acute tissue inflammation. Our data indicate the existence of a functionally potent MC-histamine autocrine regulatory loop, the elements of which are crucially important for acute inflammation-induced trafficking of the CD11b/c-positive cells toward MLVs. This MC-histamine loop serves as a first-line cellular servo control system, playing a key role in the innate and adaptive immune response as well as NF-κB-mediated maintenance of body homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Pal
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Olga Y Gasheva
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bernabé BP, Woodruff T, Broadbelt LJ, Shea LD. Ligands, Receptors, and Transcription Factors that Mediate Inter-Cellular and Intra-Cellular Communication during Ovarian Follicle Development. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:690-703. [PMID: 31939199 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reliably producing a competent oocyte entails a deeper comprehension of ovarian follicle maturation, a very complex process that includes meiotic maturation of the female gamete, the oocyte, together with the mitotic divisions of the hormone-producing somatic cells. In this report, we investigate murine ovarian folliculogenesis in vivo using publicly available time-series microarrays from primordial to antral stage follicles. Manually curated protein interaction networks were employed to identify autocrine and paracrine signaling between the oocyte and the somatic cells (granulosa and theca cells) at multiple stages of follicle development. We established plausible protein-binding interactions between expressed genes that encode secreted factors and expressed genes that encode cellular receptors. Some computationally identified signaling interactions are well established, such as the paracrine signaling from the oocyte to the somatic cells through the oocyte-secreted growth factor Gdf9, while others are novel connections in term of ovarian folliculogenesis, such as the possible paracrine connection from somatic-secreted factor Ntn3 to the oocyte receptor Neo1. Additionally, we identified several of the likely transcription factors that might control the dynamic transcriptome during ovarian follicle development, noting that the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway is very active in vivo. This novel dynamic model of signaling and regulation can be employed to generate testable hypotheses regarding follicle development that could be validated experimentally, guiding the improvement of culture media to enhance in vitro ovarian follicle maturation and possibly novel therapeutic targets for reproductive diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Peñalver Bernabé
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Teresa Woodruff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Linda J Broadbelt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Villarroya J, Cereijo R, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Peyrou M, Giralt M, Villarroya F. New insights into the secretory functions of brown adipose tissue. J Endocrinol 2019; 243:R19-R27. [PMID: 31419785 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an important secretory role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged, which is consistent, to some extent, with the earlier recognition of the important secretory role of white fat. The so-called brown adipokines or 'batokines' may play an autocrine role, which may either be positive or negative, in the thermogenic function of brown adipocytes. Additionally, there is a growing recognition of the signalling molecules released by brown adipocytes that target sympathetic nerve endings (such as neuregulin-4 and S100b protein), vascular cells (e.g., bone morphogenetic protein-8b), and immune cells (e.g., C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-14) to promote the tissue remodelling associated with the adaptive BAT recruitment in response to thermogenic stimuli. Moreover, existing indications of an endocrine role of BAT are being confirmed through the release of brown adipokines acting on other distant tissues and organs; a recent example is the recognition that BAT-secreted fibroblast growth factor-21 and myostatin target the heart and skeletal muscle, respectively. The application of proteomics technologies is aiding the identification of new members of the brown adipocyte secretome, such as the extracellular matrix or complement system components. In summary, BAT can no longer be considered a mere producer of heat in response to environment or dietary challenges; it is also an active secretory tissue releasing brown adipokines with a relevant local and systemic action. The identification of the major brown adipokines and their roles is highly important for the discovery of novel candidates useful in formulating intervention strategies for metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lehnert J, Khadra A. How Pulsatile Kisspeptin Stimulation and GnRH Autocrine Feedback Can Drive GnRH Secretion: A Modeling Investigation. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1289-1306. [PMID: 30874725 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulsatile secretion of GnRH from hypothalamic GnRH neurons tightly regulates the release of mammalian reproductive hormones. Although key factors such as electrical activity and stimulation by kisspeptin have been extensively studied, the underlying mechanisms that regulate GnRH release are still not fully understood. Previously developed mathematical models studied hormonal release and electrical properties of GnRH neurons separately, but they never integrated both components. Herein, we present a more complete biophysical model to investigate how electrical activity and hormonal release interact. The model consists of two components: an electrical submodel comprised of a modified Izhikevich formalism incorporating several key ionic currents to reproduce GnRH neuronal bursting behavior, and a hormonal submodel that incorporates pulsatile kisspeptin stimulation and a GnRH autocrine feedback mechanism. Using the model, we examine the electrical activity of GnRH neurons and how kisspeptin affects GnRH pulsatility. The model reproduces the noise-driven bursting behavior of GnRH neurons as well as the experimentally observed electrophysiological effects induced by GnRH and kisspeptin. Specifically, the model reveals that external application of GnRH causes a transient hyperpolarization followed by an increase in firing frequency, whereas administration of kisspeptin leads to long-lasting depolarization of the neuron. The model also shows that GnRH release follows a pulsatile profile similar to that observed experimentally and that kisspeptin and GnRH exhibit ∼7-1 locking in their pulsatility. These results suggest that external kisspeptin stimulation with a period of ∼8 minutes drives the autocrine mechanism beyond a threshold to generate pronounced GnRH pulses every hour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lehnert
- Department of Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao Y, Chen S, Shen F, Long D, Yu T, Wu M, Lin X. In vitro neutralization of autocrine IL‑10 affects Op18/stathmin signaling in non‑small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:501-511. [PMID: 30320402 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have identified that silencing oncoprotein 18 (Op18)/stathmin via RNA interference (RNAi) inhibited autocrine interleukin‑10 (IL‑10) and enhanced the sensitivity to Taxol in NCI‑H1299 non‑small cell lung cancer cells. In this study, whether autocrine IL‑10 regulates Op18/stathmin signaling in NCI‑H1299 cells was examined by neutralizing IL‑10 using a targeted antibody. In vitro neutralization of IL‑10 by anti‑IL‑10 antibody impaired the capacities of the NCI‑H1299 cells to proliferate, form colonies and migrate. Furthermore, the expression levels of caspase‑3 and ‑8, and sensitivity to Taxol were increased. Neutralizing IL‑10 downregulated Op18/stathmin expression and its phosphorylation at Ser25 and Ser63 sites, and suppressed the activities of upstream kinases, extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) and cyclin‑dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). In addition, neutralizing IL‑10 also reduced the expression levels of the transcription factor nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) and phosphorylation of its active subunit, p65 (Ser536). Furthermore, blocking NF‑κB signaling with PDTC also decreased the activities of ERK and CDC2 kinases, and decreases levels of autocrine released IL‑10 and its protein expression. Additionally, knocking down Op18/stathmin by RNAi reduced the expression levels of NF‑κB and IL‑10. Further animal experiments revealed that the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were all decreased in the blood of tumor‑bearing mice with NCI‑H1299 cell xenografts. Thus, the data suggested that autocrine IL‑10 regulates Op18/stathmin signaling via an IL‑10‑NF‑κB‑ERK/CDC2 axis, which regulates the malignant behaviors of NCI‑H1299 cells. A feedback regulation also exists between Op18/stathmin and autocrine IL‑10 signaling pathways in non‑small cell lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Sangyan Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Dan Long
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Mengru Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Xuechi Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ramakrishnan L, Pedersen SL, Toe QK, West LE, Mumby S, Casbolt H, Issitt T, Garfield B, Lawrie A, Wort SJ, Quinlan GJ. The Hepcidin/Ferroportin axis modulates proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12972. [PMID: 30154413 PMCID: PMC6113242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies were undertaken to examine any role for the hepcidin/ferroportin axis in proliferative responses of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs). Entirely novel findings have demonstrated the presence of ferroportin in hPASMCs. Hepcidin treatment caused increased proliferation of these cells most likely by binding ferroportin resulting in internalisation and cellular iron retention. Cellular iron content increased with hepcidin treatment. Stabilisation of ferroportin expression and activity via intervention with the therapeutic monoclonal antibody LY2928057 reversed proliferation and cellular iron accumulation. Additionally, IL-6 treatment was found to enhance proliferation and iron accumulation in hPASMCs; intervention with LY2928057 prevented this response. IL-6 was also found to increase hepcidin transcription and release from hPASMCs suggesting a potential autocrine response. Hepcidin or IL-6 mediated iron accumulation contributes to proliferation in hPASMCs; ferroportin mediated cellular iron excretion limits proliferation. Haemoglobin also caused proliferation of hPASMCs; in other novel findings, CD163, the haemoglobin/haptoglobin receptor, was found on these cells and offers a means for cellular uptake of iron via haemoglobin. Il-6 was also found to modulate CD163 on these cells. These data contribute to a better understanding of how disrupted iron homeostasis may induce vascular remodelling, such as in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Autocrine Communication/drug effects
- Autocrine Communication/physiology
- Cation Transport Proteins/biosynthesis
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Hepcidins/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Iron/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/cytology
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ramakrishnan
- Vascular Biology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Guy Scadding Building, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Sofia L Pedersen
- Vascular Biology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Guy Scadding Building, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Quezia K Toe
- Vascular Biology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Guy Scadding Building, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Laura E West
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Vascular Biology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Guy Scadding Building, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Helen Casbolt
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK
| | - Theo Issitt
- Vascular Biology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Guy Scadding Building, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Benjamin Garfield
- Vascular Biology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Guy Scadding Building, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK
| | - S John Wort
- Vascular Biology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Guy Scadding Building, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Gregory J Quinlan
- Vascular Biology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Guy Scadding Building, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Richards JS, Ascoli M. Endocrine, Paracrine, and Autocrine Signaling Pathways That Regulate Ovulation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:313-325. [PMID: 29602523 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The central role of luteinizing hormone (LH) and its receptor (LHCGR) in triggering ovulation has been recognized for decades. Because the LHCGR is present in the mural (outermost) granulosa cell layer of preovulatory follicles (POFs), the LH-initiated signal has to be transmitted to another somatic cell type (cumulus granulosa cells) and the oocyte to release a fertilizable oocyte. Recent studies have shown that activation of the LHCGR initiates vectorial transfer of information among the two somatic cell types and the oocyte and the molecules and signaling pathways involved are now better understood. This review summarizes the newer developments on the complex signaling pathways that regulate ovulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mario Ascoli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gopinath VK, Musa M, Samsudin AR, Sosroseno W. Role of interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α on hydroxyapatite-induced phagocytosis by murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). Br J Biomed Sci 2018; 63:176-8. [PMID: 17201208 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2006.11978094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V K Gopinath
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Martin KC, Yuan X, Stimac G, Bannerman K, Anderson J, Roy C, Glykofrydis F, Yin H, Davies JA. Symmetry-breaking in branching epithelia: cells on micro-patterns under flow challenge the hypothesis of positive feedback by a secreted autocrine inhibitor of motility. J Anat 2017; 230:766-774. [PMID: 28369863 PMCID: PMC5442143 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis of epithelia involves division of cells into leader (tip) and follower (stalk) cells. Published work on cell lines in culture has suggested that symmetry-breaking takes place via a secreted autocrine inhibitor of motility, the inhibitor accumulating more in concave regions of the culture boundary, slowing advance of cells there, and less in convex areas, allowing advance and a further exaggeration of the concave/convex difference. Here we test this hypothesis using a two-dimensional culture system that includes strong flow conditions to remove accumulating diffusible secretions. We find that, while motility does indeed follow boundary curvature in this system, flow makes no difference: this challenges the hypothesis of control by a diffusible secreted autocrine inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C. Martin
- Centre for Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of EdinburghGeorge SquareEdinburghEH8 9XBUK
| | - Xiaofei Yuan
- School of EngineeringJames Watt BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGL12 8QQUK
| | - Gregory Stimac
- Centre for Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of EdinburghGeorge SquareEdinburghEH8 9XBUK
| | - Kieran Bannerman
- Centre for Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of EdinburghGeorge SquareEdinburghEH8 9XBUK
| | - Jamie Anderson
- Centre for Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of EdinburghGeorge SquareEdinburghEH8 9XBUK
| | - Chloe Roy
- Centre for Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of EdinburghGeorge SquareEdinburghEH8 9XBUK
| | - Fokion Glykofrydis
- Centre for Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of EdinburghGeorge SquareEdinburghEH8 9XBUK
| | - Huabing Yin
- School of EngineeringJames Watt BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGL12 8QQUK
| | - Jamie A. Davies
- Centre for Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of EdinburghGeorge SquareEdinburghEH8 9XBUK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Takano A, Fukuda T, Shinjo T, Iwashita M, Matsuzaki E, Yamamichi K, Takeshita M, Sanui T, Nishimura F. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation. Metabolism 2017; 69:157-170. [PMID: 28285646 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Several studies have reported that angiopoietin-like protein 2 (Angptl2) is expressed abundantly in adipocytes and is associated with adipose tissue inflammation. In the present study, we found that osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells also expressed Angptl2 at high levels. The aim of this study was to understand the role of Angptl2 in osteoblastic cell differentiation. METHODS Angptl2 expression was examined during osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. The role of Angptl2 on cell differentiation and associated signaling was analyzed by gene knockdown using Angptl2 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA). RESULTS Angptl2 was highly expressed in MC3T3-E1 cells, ST2 cells and primary osteoblasts, but not in RAW264 cells. Inhibition of Angptl2 expression using siRNA markedly inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1, ST2 cells and primary osteoblasts. Angptl2 siRNA also inhibited adipocyte differentiation in ST2 cells. Treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with Angptl2 siRNA led to the down-regulation of the activities of several cell signaling pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), Akt, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signals. It also down-regulated the expression of Osterix, but not that of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), suggesting that Angptl2 is a positive activator of Osterix and its down-stream signals. Treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with anti-Angptl2 antibodies suppressed ALP gene expression. In addition, treatment of Angptl2 siRNA-treated cells with culture supernatants of normal MC3T3-E1 cells restored ALP gene expression, indicating that Angptl2 acts in an autocrine manner. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Angptl2 is an autocrine positive regulator of cell differentiation. Thus, it is suggested that Angptl2 regulates not only adipose tissue metabolism but also bone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Takano
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misaki Iwashita
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuko Matsuzaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamichi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takeshita
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Woller MJ, Meyer S, Ada-Nguema A, Waechter-Brulla D. Dissecting Autocrine Effects on Pulsatile Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Cultured Rat Hypothalamic Tissue. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 229:56-64. [PMID: 14709777 DOI: 10.1177/153537020422900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of reproductive function is manifested centrally through the control of hypothalamic release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in episodic events or pulses. For GnRH release to occur in pulses, GnRH neurons must coordinate release events periodically to elicit a bolus of GnRH. We used a perifusion culture system to examine the release of GnRH from both intact hypothalami and enzymatically dispersed hypothalamic cells after challenge with GnRH analogs to evaluate the role of anatomical neuronal connections on autocrine/paracrine signals by GnRH on GnRH neurons. The potent GnRH agonist des-Gly10-D-Ala6-GnRH N-ethylamide, potent GnRH antagonists D-Phe2-D-Ala6-GnRH and D-Phe2,6-Pro3-GnRH or vehicle were infused, whereas GnRH release from hypothalamic tissue and cells were measured. PULSAR analysis of GnRH release profiles was conducted to evaluate parameters of pulsatile GnRH release. Infusion of the GnRH agonist resulted in a decrease in mean GnRH (P < 0.001), pulse nadir (P < 0.01), and pulse frequency (P < 0.05) but no effect on pulse amplitude. Infusion of GnRH antagonists resulted in an increase in mean GnRH (P < 0.001), pulse nadir (P < 0.05), and pulse frequency (P < 0.05) and in GnRH pulse amplitude only in dispersed cells (P < 0.05). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that GnRH inhibits endogenous GnRH release by an ultrashort-loop feedback mechanism and that treatment of hypothalamic tissue or cells with GnRH agonist inhibits ultrashort-loop feedback, whereas treatment with antagonists disrupts normal feedback to GnRH neurons and elicits an increased GnRH signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Woller
- Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Carpio LR, Bradley EW, McGee-Lawrence ME, Weivoda MM, Poston DD, Dudakovic A, Xu M, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, van Wijnen AJ, Oursler MJ, Westendorf JJ. Histone deacetylase 3 supports endochondral bone formation by controlling cytokine signaling and matrix remodeling. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra79. [PMID: 27507649 PMCID: PMC5409103 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are efficacious epigenetic-based therapies for some cancers and neurological disorders; however, each of these drugs inhibits multiple HDACs and has detrimental effects on the skeleton. To better understand how HDAC inhibitors affect endochondral bone formation, we conditionally deleted one of their targets, Hdac3, pre- and postnatally in type II collagen α1 (Col2α1)-expressing chondrocytes. Embryonic deletion was lethal, but postnatal deletion of Hdac3 delayed secondary ossification center formation, altered maturation of growth plate chondrocytes, and increased osteoclast activity in the primary spongiosa. HDAC3-deficient chondrocytes exhibited increased expression of cytokine and matrix-degrading genes (Il-6, Mmp3, Mmp13, and Saa3) and a reduced abundance of genes related to extracellular matrix production, bone development, and ossification (Acan, Col2a1, Ihh, and Col10a1). Histone acetylation increased at and near genes that had increased expression. The acetylation and activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were also increased in HDAC3-deficient chondrocytes. Increased cytokine signaling promoted autocrine activation of Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and NF-κB pathways to suppress chondrocyte maturation, as well as paracrine activation of osteoclasts and bone resorption. Blockade of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-JAK-STAT signaling, NF-κB signaling, and bromodomain extraterminal proteins, which recognize acetylated lysines and promote transcriptional elongation, significantly reduced Il-6 and Mmp13 expression in HDAC3-deficient chondrocytes and secondary activation in osteoclasts. The JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib also reduced osteoclast activity in Hdac3 conditional knockout mice. Thus, HDAC3 controls the temporal and spatial expression of tissue-remodeling genes and inflammatory responses in chondrocytes to ensure proper endochondral ossification during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lomeli R Carpio
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. Institute of Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Megan M Weivoda
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel D Poston
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68102, USA
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Merry Jo Oursler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Murali SK, Roschger P, Zeitz U, Klaushofer K, Andrukhova O, Erben RG. FGF23 Regulates Bone Mineralization in a 1,25(OH)2 D3 and Klotho-Independent Manner. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:129-42. [PMID: 26235988 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-23 (Fgf23) is a bone-derived hormone, suppressing phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D hormone (1,25(OH)2 D3 ) production in the kidney. It has long been an enigma why lack of Fgf23 or of Klotho, the coreceptor for Fgf23, leads to severe impairment in bone mineralization despite the presence of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Using Fgf23(-/-) or Klotho(-/-) mice together with compound mutant mice lacking both Fgf23 or Klotho and a functioning vitamin D receptor, we show that in Klotho(-/-) mice the mineralization defect is solely driven by 1,25(OH)2 D3 -induced upregulation of the mineralization-inhibiting molecules osteopontin and pyrophosphate in bone. In Fgf23(-/-) mice, the mineralization defect has two components, a 1,25(OH)2 D3 -driven component similar to Klotho(-/-) mice and a component driven by lack of Fgf23, causing additional accumulation of osteopontin. We found that FGF23 regulates osteopontin secretion indirectly by suppressing alkaline phosphatase transcription and phosphate production in osteoblastic cells, acting through FGF receptor-3 in a Klotho-independent manner. Hence, FGF23 secreted from osteocytes may form an autocrine/paracrine feedback loop for the local fine-tuning of bone mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Kumar Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ute Zeitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olena Andrukhova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhold G Erben
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
It is well known that zinc (Zn(2+)) is required for the process of insulin biosynthesis and the maturation of insulin secretory granules in pancreatic beta (β)-cells, and that changes in Zn(2+) levels in the pancreas have been found to be associated with diabetes. Glucose-stimulation causes a rapid co-secretion of Zn(2+) and insulin with similar kinetics. However, we do not know whether Zn(2+) regulates insulin availability and secretion. Here we investigated the effect of Zn(2+) on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in isolated mouse pancreatic islets. Whereas Zn(2+) alone (control) had no effect on the basal secretion of insulin, it significantly inhibited GSIS. The application of CaEDTA, by removing the secreted Zn(2+) from the extracellular milieu of the islets, resulted in significantly increased GSIS, suggesting an overall inhibitory role of secreted Zn(2+) on GSIS. The inhibitory action of Zn(2+) was mostly mediated through the activities of KATP/Ca(2+) channels. Furthermore, during brief paired-pulse glucose-stimulated Zn(2+) secretion (GSZS), Zn(2+) secretion following the second pulse was significantly attenuated, probably by the secreted endogenous Zn(2+) after the first pulse. Such an inhibition on Zn(2+) secretion following the second pulse was completely reversed by Zn(2+) chelation, suggesting a negative feedback mechanism, in which the initial glucose-stimulated Zn(2+) release inhibits subsequent Zn(2+) secretion, subsequently inhibiting insulin co-secretion as well. Taken together, these data suggest a negative feedback mechanism on GSZS and GSIS by Zn(2+) secreted from β-cells, and the co-secreted Zn(2+) may act as an autocrine inhibitory modulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira G Slepchenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Song J, Guan M, Zhao Z, Zhang J. Type I Interferons Function as Autocrine and Paracrine Factors to Induce Autotaxin in Response to TLR Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136629. [PMID: 26313906 PMCID: PMC4552386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an important phospholipid mediator in inflammation and immunity. However, the mechanism of LPA regulation during inflammatory response is largely unknown. Autotaxin (ATX) is the key enzyme to produce extracellular LPA from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). In this study, we found that ATX was induced in monocytic THP-1 cells by TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TLR9 ligand CpG oligonucleotide, and TLR3 ligand poly(I:C), respectively. The ATX induction by TLR ligand was abolished by the neutralizing antibody against IFN-β or the knockdown of IFNAR1, indicating that type I IFN autocrine loop is responsible for the ATX induction upon TLR activation. Both IFN-β and IFN-α were able to induce ATX expression via the JAK-STAT and PI3K-AKT pathways but with different time-dependent manners. The ATX induction by IFN-β was dramatically enhanced by IFN-γ, which had no significant effect on ATX expression alone, suggesting a synergy effect between type I and type II IFNs in ATX induction. Extracellular LPA levels were significantly increased when THP-1 cells were treated with IFN-α/β or TLR ligands. In addition, the type I IFN-mediated ATX induction was identified in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) stimulated with LPS or poly(I:C), and IFN-α/β could induce ATX expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes isolated form blood samples. These results suggest that, in response to TLR activation, ATX is induced through a type I INF autocrine-paracrine loop to enhance LPA generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ungefroren H, Hyder A, Hinz H, Groth S, Lange H, El-Sayed KMF, Ehnert S, Nüssler AK, Fändrich F, Gieseler F. Pluripotency gene expression and growth control in cultures of peripheral blood monocytes during their conversion into programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO): evidence for a regulatory role of autocrine activin and TGF-β. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118097. [PMID: 25707005 PMCID: PMC4338298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that peripheral blood monocytes can be converted in vitro to a stem cell-like cell termed PCMO as evidenced by the re-expression of pluripotency-associated genes, transient proliferation, and the ability to adopt the phenotype of hepatocytes and insulin-producing cells upon tissue-specific differentiation. However, the regulatory interactions between cultured cells governing pluripotency and mitotic activity have remained elusive. Here we asked whether activin(s) and TGF-β(s), are involved in PCMO generation. De novo proliferation of PCMO was higher under adherent vs. suspended culture conditions as revealed by the appearance of a subset of Ki67-positive monocytes and correlated with down-regulation of p21WAF1 beyond day 2 of culture. Realtime-PCR analysis showed that PCMO express ActRIIA, ALK4, TβRII, ALK5 as well as TGF-β1 and the βA subunit of activin. Interestingly, expression of ActRIIA and ALK4, and activin A levels in the culture supernatants increased until day 4 of culture, while levels of total and active TGF-β1 strongly declined. PCMO responded to both growth factors in an autocrine fashion with intracellular signaling as evidenced by a rise in the levels of phospho-Smad2 and a drop in those of phospho-Smad3. Stimulation of PCMO with recombinant activins (A, B, AB) and TGF-β1 induced phosphorylation of Smad2 but not Smad3. Inhibition of autocrine activin signaling by either SB431542 or follistatin reduced both Smad2 activation and Oct4A/Nanog upregulation. Inhibition of autocrine TGF-β signaling by either SB431542 or anti-TGF-β antibody reduced Smad3 activation and strongly increased the number of Ki67-positive cells. Furthermore, anti-TGF-β antibody moderately enhanced Oct4A/Nanog expression. Our data show that during PCMO generation pluripotency marker expression is controlled positively by activin/Smad2 and negatively by TGF-β/Smad3 signaling, while relief from growth inhibition is primarily the result of reduced TGF-β/Smad3, and to a lesser extent, activin/Smad2 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayman Hyder
- Clinic for Applied Cellular Medicine, UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hebke Hinz
- Clinic for Applied Cellular Medicine, UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Hans Lange
- Clinic for Applied Cellular Medicine, UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Nüssler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fred Fändrich
- Clinic for Applied Cellular Medicine, UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tokola H, Rysä J, Pikkarainen S, Hautala N, Leskinen H, Kerkelä R, Ilves M, Aro J, Vuolteenaho O, Ritvos O, Ruskoaho H. Bone morphogenetic protein-2--a potential autocrine/paracrine factor in mediating the stretch activated B-type and atrial natriuretic peptide expression in cardiac myocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:9-21. [PMID: 25218476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamic overload exposes the heart to variety of neural, humoral and mechanical stresses. Even without the neurohumoral control of the entire organism cardiac myocytes have the ability to sense mechanical stretch and convert it into adaptive intracellular signals. This process is controlled by several growth factors. Here we show that mechanical stretch in vitro and hemodynamic overload in vivo activated the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), while expression of BMP-4 was temporarily attenuated by stretch. BMP-2 and BMP-4 alone stimulated B-type and atrial natriuretic peptide (BNP and ANP) expression and protein synthesis, and activated transcription factor GATA-4 resembling the effects of mechanical stretch of cultured cardiac myocytes. Further, BMP antagonist Noggin was able to inhibit stretch and hypertrophic agonist induced BNP and ANP expression. Together these data provide evidence for BMP-2 as a new autocrine/paracrine factor that regulates cardiomyocyte mechanotransduction and adaptation to increased mechanical stretch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Tokola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Department of Pathology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. BOX 50, Oulu FI-90029 OYS, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FIN-70211, Finland
| | - Sampsa Pikkarainen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. BOX 340, Helsinki FI-00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Nina Hautala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. BOX 21, Oulu FI-90029 OYS, Finland
| | - Hanna Leskinen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Mika Ilves
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Jani Aro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Olli Vuolteenaho
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. BOX 56, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shioji S, Imai S, Ando K, Kumagai K, Matsusue Y. Extracellular and intracellular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in three-dimensionally embedded rat chondrocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114327. [PMID: 25479057 PMCID: PMC4257595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Articular cartilage homeostasis involves modulation of chondrocyte matrix synthesis in response to mechanical stress (MS). We studied extracellular and intracellular mechanotransduction pathways mediating this response. Methods We first confirmed rapid up-regulation of the putative chondro-protective cytokine, interleukin (IL)-4, as an immediate response to MS. We then studied the role of IL-4 by investigating responses to exogenous IL-4 or a specific IL-4 inhibitor, combined with MS. Next we investigated the intracellular second messengers. Since chondrocyte phenotype alters according to the extracellular environment, we characterized the response to mechanotransduction in 3-dimensionally embedded chondrocytes. Results Expression of aggrecan and type II collagen was significantly up-regulated by exogenous IL-4 whereas MS-induced matrix synthesis was inhibited by an IL-4 blocker. Further, MS-induced matrix synthesis was completely blocked by a p38 MAPK inhibitor, while it was only partially blocked by inhibitors of other putative second messengers. Conclusion IL-4 mediates an extracellular pathway of mechanotransduction, perhaps via an autocrine/paracrine loop, while p38 mediates an intracellular pathway prevalent only in a 3-dimensional environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Shioji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shinji Imai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kosei Ando
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kumagai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsusue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Cells transduce mechanical forces into biochemical signals; traditionally these processes are thought to occur through direct effects on the cell membrane, the cytoskeleton, or specific transmembrane proteins. In multicellular tissues mechanical forces alter intercellular spacing through redistribution of interstitial fluid. Recent morphological and biochemical observations, bolstered by analytical modeling, support a new paradigm for mechanotransduction arising from constitutive growth factor shedding into a dynamically regulated interstitial volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Titov VN. [The becoming of biological function of endoecology in phylogenesis. The support of "purity" of inter-cellular medium in paracrin cenosises of cells, organs and organism (a lecture)]. Klin Lab Diagn 2014; 59:27-37. [PMID: 25884078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The decentralized system of resident macrophages phylogenetically is earlier and complement-depending one in every paracrin regulated cenosis of cells, intima of elastic type arteries. This system primarily utilizes protein macromolecules implementing biological reaction of transcytosis. The anatomically and functionally more perfect system of insulin-depended Kupffer macrophages in liver is centralized at the level of organism and is also intended to collect and utilize minor and protein biological "garbage". The various peptides, humoral active mediators, fragments of plasmatic membranes, integral proteins of micro RNA in hydrophilic medium of blood plasma are forming under their physical chemical interaction micro-particles, micro-vesicles and exosomes. All of them, under effect of IgG, absorb phylogenetically late Kupffer macrophages. The consequent system of implementation of biologic function of endoecology includes biologic reaction of exocytosis at autocrin level; complement-depended macrophages in paracrin cenosises of cells; resident macrophages in intima of elastic type arteries with reaction of transcytosis; centralized Kupffer macrophages in liver in sinusoidal capillaries and Disse spaces without reaction of transcytosis. The difference of function of systems makes it possible to make a conception of the role of biologic function of endoecology in pathological processes. Therefore, an opportunity appears to evaluate diagnostic value of methods based on detection of amount and quality composition of micro particles of blood plasma. This can be useful in differential diagnostic of metabolic pandemics.
Collapse
|
30
|
Luppi P, Drain P. Autocrine C-peptide mechanism underlying INS1 beta cell adaptation to oxidative stress. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:599-609. [PMID: 24459093 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes by inducing beta cell secretory dysfunction and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that C-peptide, produced by beta cells and co-secreted with insulin in the circulation of healthy individuals, decreases ROS and prevents apoptosis in dysfunctional vascular endothelial cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an autocrine activity of C-peptide similarly decreases ROS when INS1 beta cells are exposed to stressful conditions of diabetes. METHODS Reactive oxygen species and apoptosis were induced in INS1 beta cells pretreated with C-peptide by either 22 mM glucose or 100 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). To test C-peptide's autocrine activity, endogenous C-peptide secretion was inhibited by the KATP channel opener diazoxide and H2 O2 -induced ROS assayed after addition of either exogenous C-peptide or the secretagogue glibenclamide. In similar experiments, extracellular potassium, which depolarizes the membrane otherwise hyperpolarized by diazoxide, was used to induce endogenous C-peptide secretion. ROS was measured using the cell-permeant dye chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2 -DCFDA). Insulin secretion and apoptosis were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS C-peptide significantly decreased high glucose-induced and H2 O2 -induced ROS and prevented apoptosis of INS1 beta cells. Diazoxide significantly increased H2 O2 -induced ROS, which was reversed by exogenous C-peptide or glibenclamide or potassium chloride. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate an autocrine C-peptide mechanism in which C-peptide is bioactive on INS1 beta cells exposed to stressful conditions and might function as a natural antioxidant to limit beta cell dysfunction and loss contributing to diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Luppi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Asser L, Hescot S, Viengchareun S, Delemer B, Trabado S, Lombès M. Autocrine positive regulatory feedback of glucocorticoid secretion: glucocorticoid receptor directly impacts H295R human adrenocortical cell function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 395:1-9. [PMID: 25058354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ubiquitous transcriptional factor, regulates target gene expression upon activation by glucocorticoids, notably cortisol, a corticosteroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal cortex. We thus hypothesized that both GR and cortisol might be involved in the regulation of adrenal physiology and steroidogenesis in an autocrine manner. In a cortisol-secreting human adrenocortical cell line (H295R), the GR-dependent signaling pathway was pharmacologically modulated either by dexamethasone (DEX), a GR agonist or by RU486, a GR antagonist, or was knocked-down by small interfering RNA strategy (SiRNA). We showed that GR activation, elicited by 48 h exposure to DEX, exerts a global positive regulatory effect on adrenal steroidogenesis as revealed by a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone secretion associated with a significant enhanced expression of steroidogenesis factors such as StAR, CYP11A1, CYP21A2 and CYP11B1. In sharp contrast, RU486 treatment exerted opposite effects by decreasing both steroid production and expression of these steroidogenic factors. Likewise, GR repression by SiRNA also significantly reduced StAR, CYP11A1, and CYP11B1 mRNA levels. Interestingly, RU486 resulted in a significant CYP21A2 enzymatic blockade as demonstrated by a massive increase in 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations in RU486-treated H295R cell supernatants, while cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol secretions were reduced by more than 60%. Consistently, we also demonstrated that metabolic conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone into 11-deoxycortisol onto H295R cells was drastically blunted in the presence of RU 486. Finally, steady state levels of MC2R transcripts encoding for the ACTH receptor were significantly induced by DEX, unlikely through a direct GR-mediated transcriptional activation as opposed to CYP11A1 and FKBP5 target genes. These results could account for a higher glucocorticoid-elicited ACTH sensitivity of adrenocortical cells. Our study identifies a positive ultra-short regulatory loop exerted by GR on steroidogenesis in H295R cells, thus supporting a complex intra-adrenal GR-mediated feedback, likely relevant for human adrenocortical pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Asser
- Inserm, U693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | - Ségolène Hescot
- Inserm, U693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | - Say Viengchareun
- Inserm, U693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France
| | - Brigitte Delemer
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalier de Reims, F-51092, France
| | - Séverine Trabado
- Inserm, U693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique, Hormonologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- Inserm, U693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94276, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94275, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang J, Li HT, Fang QC, Jia WP. Role of fibroblast growth factor 19 in maintaining nutrient homeostasis and disease. Biomed Environ Sci 2014; 27:319-324. [PMID: 24827712 DOI: 10.3967/bes2014.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hua Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qi Chen Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wei Ping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bustamante M, Fernández-Verdejo R, Jaimovich E, Buvinic S. Electrical stimulation induces IL-6 in skeletal muscle through extracellular ATP by activating Ca(2+) signals and an IL-6 autocrine loop. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E869-82. [PMID: 24518675 PMCID: PMC3989743 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00450.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important myokine that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle cells upon exercise. We assessed IL-6 expression in response to electrical stimulation (ES) or extracellular ATP as a known mediator of the excitation-transcription mechanism in skeletal muscle. We examined whether the canonical signaling cascade downstream of IL-6 (IL-6/JAK2/STAT3) also responds to muscle cell excitation, concluding that IL-6 influences its own expression through a positive loop. Either ES or exogenous ATP (100 μM) increased both IL-6 expression and p-STAT3 levels in rat myotubes, a process inhibited by 100 μM suramin and 2 U/ml apyrase. ATP also evoked IL-6 expression in both isolated skeletal fibers and extracts derived from whole FDB muscles. ATP increased IL-6 release up to 10-fold. STAT3 activation evoked by ATP was abolished by the JAK2 inhibitor HBC. Blockade of secreted IL-6 with a neutralizing antibody or preincubation with the STAT3 inhibitor VIII reduced STAT3 activation evoked by extracellular ATP by 70%. Inhibitor VIII also reduced by 70% IL-6 expression evoked by ATP, suggesting a positive IL-6 loop. In addition, ATP increased up to 60% the protein levels of SOCS3, a negative regulator of the IL-6 signaling pathway. On the other hand, intracellular calcium chelation or blockade of IP3-dependent calcium signals abolished STAT3 phosphorylation evoked by either extracellular ATP or ES. These results suggest that expression of IL-6 in stimulated skeletal muscle cells is mediated by extracellular ATP and nucleotide receptors, involving IP3-dependent calcium signals as an early step that triggers a positive IL-6 autocrine loop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bustamante
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dussiot M, Maciel TT, Fricot A, Chartier C, Negre O, Veiga J, Grapton D, Paubelle E, Payen E, Beuzard Y, Leboulch P, Ribeil JA, Arlet JB, Coté F, Courtois G, Ginzburg YZ, Daniel TO, Chopra R, Sung V, Hermine O, Moura IC. An activin receptor IIA ligand trap corrects ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia. Nat Med 2014; 20:398-407. [PMID: 24658077 PMCID: PMC7730561 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia is poorly understood. We report that RAP-011, an activin receptor IIA (ActRIIA) ligand trap, improved ineffective erythropoiesis, corrected anemia and limited iron overload in a mouse model of β-thalassemia intermedia. Expression of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), an ActRIIA ligand, was increased in splenic erythroblasts from thalassemic mice and in erythroblasts and sera from subjects with β-thalassemia. Inactivation of GDF11 decreased oxidative stress and the amount of α-globin membrane precipitates, resulting in increased terminal erythroid differentiation. Abnormal GDF11 expression was dependent on reactive oxygen species, suggesting the existence of an autocrine amplification loop in β-thalassemia. GDF11 inactivation also corrected the abnormal ratio of immature/mature erythroblasts by inducing apoptosis of immature erythroblasts through the Fas-Fas ligand pathway. Taken together, these observations suggest that ActRIIA ligand traps may have therapeutic relevance in β-thalassemia by suppressing the deleterious effects of GDF11, a cytokine which blocks terminal erythroid maturation through an autocrine amplification loop involving oxidative stress and α-globin precipitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dussiot
- 1] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France. [2] Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. [3] CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France. [4] Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France. [5] INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France. [6]
| | - Thiago T Maciel
- 1] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France. [2] Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. [3] CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France. [4] Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France. [5] INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France. [6]
| | - Aurélie Fricot
- 1] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France. [2] Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. [3] CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France. [4] Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France. [5] INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Céline Chartier
- 1] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France. [2] Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. [3] CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France. [4] Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France. [5] INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Negre
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. [2] UMR 962 (Inserm-CEA-University of Paris-Sud), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Joel Veiga
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Damien Grapton
- 1] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France. [2] Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. [3] CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France. [4] Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France. [5] INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Paubelle
- 1] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France. [2] Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. [3] CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France. [4] Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France. [5] INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Payen
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. [2] UMR 962 (Inserm-CEA-University of Paris-Sud), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Yves Beuzard
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. [2] UMR 962 (Inserm-CEA-University of Paris-Sud), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Leboulch
- 1] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA)-Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes (iMETI), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. [2] UMR 962 (Inserm-CEA-University of Paris-Sud), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Ribeil
- 1] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France. [2] Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. [3] CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France. [4] Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France. [5] Département de Biothérapie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Arlet
- 1] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France. [2] Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. [3] CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France. [4] Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Francine Coté
- 1] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France. [2] Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. [3] CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France. [4] Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Courtois
- 1] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France. [2] Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. [3] CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France. [4] Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Yelena Z Ginzburg
- Erythropoiesis Laboratory, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Hermine
- 1] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France. [2] Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. [3] CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France. [4] Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France. [5] Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Ivan C Moura
- 1] INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, Paris, France. [2] Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. [3] CNRS ERL 8254, Paris, France. [4] Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France. [5] INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pincas H, Choi SG, Wang Q, Jia J, Turgeon JL, Sealfon SC. Outside the box signaling: secreted factors modulate GnRH receptor-mediated gonadotropin regulation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 385:56-61. [PMID: 23994024 PMCID: PMC3964483 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Control of gene expression following activation of membrane receptors results from the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways and transcription factors. Accordingly, research to elucidate the regulatory control circuits and cellular data processing mechanisms focuses on intracellular mechanisms. While autocrine and paracrine signaling are acknowledged in endocrinology, secreted factors are not typically recognized as fundamental components of the pathways connecting cell surface receptors to gene control in the nucleus. Studies of the gonadotrope suggest that extracellular regulatory loops may play a central role in the regulation of gonadotropin gene expression by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor activation. We review emerging evidence for this phenomenon, which we refer to as exosignaling, in gonadotropin gene control and in other receptor-mediated signaling systems. We propose that basic signaling circuit modules controlling gene expression can be seamlessly distributed across intracellular and exosignaling components that together orchestrate the precise physiological control of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Pincas
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Systems Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Soon Gang Choi
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Systems Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Systems Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Jingjing Jia
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Systems Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Judith L Turgeon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Systems Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone is known to be critical for normal gonadotropin biosynthesis and secretion by the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Additional regulation is provided by gonadal steroid feedback as well as by intrapituitary factors, such as activin and follistatin. Less well-appreciated is the role of pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) as both a hypothalamic-pituitary releasing factor as well as an autocrine-paracrine factor within the pituitary. PACAP regulates gonadotropin expression alone and through modulation of GnRH responsiveness achieved by increases in GnRH receptor expression and interactions at the level of intracellular signaling pathways. In addition to direct effects on the gonadotrope, PACAP stimulates follistatin secretion by the folliculostellate cells and thereby contributes to differential expression of the gonadotropin subunits. Conversely, GnRH augments the ability of PACAP to regulate gonadotrope function by increasing pituitary PACAP and PACAP receptor expression. This review will summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms by which PACAP modulates gonadotrope function, with a focus on interactions with GnRH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Halvorson
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9032, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
A wide variety of autocrine/paracrine bioactive signals are able to modulate corticosteroid secretion in the human adrenal gland. These regulatory factors, released in the vicinity of adrenocortical cells by diverse cell types comprising chromaffin cells, nerve terminals, cells of the immune system, endothelial cells, and adipocytes, include neuropeptides, biogenic amines, and cytokines. A growing body of evidence now suggests that paracrine mechanisms may also play an important role in the physiopathology of adrenocortical hyperplasias and tumors responsible for primary adrenal steroid excess. These intra-adrenal regulatory systems, although globally involving the same actors as those observed in the normal gland, display alterations at different levels, which reinforce the capacity of paracrine factors to stimulate the activity of adrenocortical cells. The main modifications in the adrenal local control systems reported by now include hyperplasia of cells producing the paracrine factors and abnormal expression of the latter and their receptors. Because steroid-secreting adrenal neoplasms are independent of the classical endocrine regulatory factors angiotensin II and ACTH, which are respectively suppressed by hyperaldosteronism and hypercortisolism, these lesions have long been considered as autonomous tissues. However, the presence of stimulatory substances within the neoplastic tissues suggests that steroid hypersecretion is driven by autocrine/paracrine loops that should be regarded as promising targets for pharmacological treatments of primary adrenal disorders. This new potential therapeutic approach may constitute an alternative to surgical removal of the lesions that is classically recommended in order to cure steroid excess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Lefebvre
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 982, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ameri P, Giusti A, Boschetti M, Murialdo G, Minuto F, Ferone D. Interactions between vitamin D and IGF-I: from physiology to clinical practice. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:457-63. [PMID: 23789983 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between vitamin D and IGF-I is complex and occurs at both endocrine and paracrine/autocrine levels. Vitamin D has been shown to increase circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3, with the consistent finding of a positive correlation between vitamin D and IGF-I serum values in population-based cohorts of healthy subjects. The modulation of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations by vitamin D may impact recombinant human (rh) GH dosing for the treatment of GHD. It might also underlie some of the extra-skeletal beneficial effects ascribed to vitamin D. On the other hand, IGF-I stimulates renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, which increases calcium and phosphate availability in the body and suppresses PTH secretion. This effect is responsible for an altered calcium-phosphate balance in uncontrolled acromegaly and might also account for the improvement in bone metabolism associated with rhGH treatment in patients with GHD. Data on the paracrine/autocrine vitamin D-IGF-I interactions are abundant, but mostly not linked to one another. As a result, it is not possible to draw a comprehensive picture of the physiological and/or pathological interrelations between vitamin D, IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) in different tissues. A potential role of vitamin D action is related to its association with carcinogenesis, a paradigm being breast cancer. Current evidence indicates that, in breast tumours, vitamin D modulates the IGF-I/IGFBP ratio to decrease proliferation and increase apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ameri
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Matsuoka J, Yashiro M, Doi Y, Fuyuhiro Y, Kato Y, Shinto O, Noda S, Kashiwagi S, Aomatsu N, Hirakawa T, Hasegawa T, Shimizu K, Shimizu T, Miwa A, Yamada N, Sawada T, Hirakawa K. Hypoxia stimulates the EMT of gastric cancer cells through autocrine TGFβ signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62310. [PMID: 23690936 PMCID: PMC3656884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered to be correlated with malignancy of cancer cells and responsible for cancer invasion and metastasis. We previously reported that distant metastasis was associated with hypoxia in gastric cancer. We therefore investigated the effect of hypoxic condition on EMT of gastric cancer cells. Gastric cancer cells were cultured in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) for 24 h. EMT was evaluated as the percentage of spindle-shaped cells in total cells. Effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) or tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the EMT was evaluated. The expression level of TGFβ1 and TGFβR was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. The TGFβ1 production from cancer cells was measured by ELISA. Hypoxia stimulated EMT of OCUM-2MD3 and OCUM-12 cells, but not that of OCUM-2M cells. The expression level of TGFβ1 mRNA under hypoxia was significantly higher than that under normoxia in all of three cell lines. The expression level of TGFβR mRNA was significantly increased by hypoxia in OCUM-2MD3 cells, but not in OCUM-2M cells. TGFβR inhibitor, SB431542 or Ki26894, significantly suppressed EMT of OCUM-2MD3 and OCUM-12. TGFβ1 production from OCUM-2MD3 and OCUM-12 cells was significantly increased under hypoxia in comparison with that under normoxia. These findings might suggest that hypoxia stimulates the EMT of gastric cancer cells via autocrine TGFβ/TGFβR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Matsuoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
- Oncology Institute of Geriatrics and Medical Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yosuke Doi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhiko Fuyuhiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kato
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Shinto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Noda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kashiwagi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Aomatsu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Shimizu
- Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- Research Planning Department, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miwa
- Biologics Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Chiyodaku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuya Yamada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Sawada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Saito H, Nakamachi T, Inoue K, Ikeda R, Kitamura K, Minamino N, Shioda S, Miyata A. Autocrine effects of neuromedin B stimulate the proliferation of rat primary osteoblasts. J Endocrinol 2013; 217:141-50. [PMID: 23428580 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuromedin B (NMB) is a mammalian bombesin-like peptide that regulates exocrine/endocrine secretion, smooth muscle contraction, body temperature, and the proliferation of some cell types. Here, we show that mRNA encoding Nmb and its receptor (Nmbr) are expressed in rat bone tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that NMB and NMBR colocalize in osteoblasts, epiphyseal chondrocytes, and proliferative chondrocytes of growth plates from mouse hind limbs. Then, we investigated the effect of NMB on the proliferation of rat primary cultured osteoblasts. Proliferation assays and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays demonstrated that NMB augments the cell number and enhances DNA synthesis in osteoblasts. Pretreatment with the NMBR antagonist BIM23127 inhibited NMB-induced cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. Western blot analysis showed that NMB activates ERK1/2 MAPK signaling in osteoblasts. Pretreatment with the MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126 attenuated NMB-induced cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. We also investigated the effects of molecules that contribute to osteoblast proliferation and differentiation on Nmb expression in osteoblasts. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2) and transforming growth factor β1 increase and decrease Nmb mRNA expression levels respectively. Finally, proliferation assays revealed that the NMBR antagonist BIM23127 suppresses E2-induced osteoblast proliferation. These results suggest that NMB/NMBR signaling plays an autocrine or paracrine role in osteoblast proliferation and contributes to the regulation of bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Candelori A, Luporini P, Alimenti C, Vallesi A. Characterization and expression of the gene encoding En-MAPK1, an intestinal cell kinase (ICK)-like kinase activated by the autocrine pheromone-signaling loop in the Polar Ciliate, Euplotes nobilii. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7457-67. [PMID: 23552830 PMCID: PMC3645696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the protozoan ciliate Euplotes, a transduction pathway resulting in a mitogenic cell growth response is activated by autocrine receptor binding of cell type-specific, water-borne signaling protein pheromones. In Euplotes raikovi, a marine species of temperate waters, this transduction pathway was previously shown to involve the phosphorylation of a nuclear protein kinase structurally similar to the intestinal-cell and male germ cell-associated kinases described in mammals. In E. nobilii, which is phylogenetically closely related to E. raikovi but inhabits Antarctic and Arctic waters, we have now characterized a gene encoding a structurally homologous kinase. The expression of this gene requires +1 translational frameshifting and a process of intron splicing for the production of the active protein, designated En-MAPK1, which contains amino acid substitutions of potential significance for cold-adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Candelori
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Microbiology and Animal Biology, Department of Environmental and Natural Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jiang Q, Wong AOL. Signal transduction mechanisms for autocrine/paracrine regulation of somatolactin-α secretion and synthesis in carp pituitary cells by somatolactin-α and -β. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013. [PMID: 23193053 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00455.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary hormones can act locally via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms to modulate pituitary functions, which represents an interesting aspect of pituitary regulation other than the traditional hypothalamic input and feedback signals from the periphery. Somatolactin, a member of the growth hormone (GH)/prolactin (PL) family, is a pleiotropic hormone with diverse functions, but its pituitary actions are still unknown. Recently, two SL isoforms, SLα and SLβ, have been cloned in grass carp. Based on the sequences obtained, recombinant proteins of carp SLα and SLβ with similar bioactivity in inducing pigment aggregation in carp melanophores were produced. In carp pituitary cells, SLα secretion and cell content were elevated by static incubation with recombinant carp SLα and SLβ, respectively. These stimulatory actions occurred with a parallel rise in SLα mRNA level with no changes in SLβ secretion, cell content, and gene expression. In contrast, SLα mRNA expression could be reduced by removing endogenous SLα and SLβ with immunoneutralization. At the pituitary cell level, SLα release, cell content, and mRNA expression induced by carp SLα and SLβ could be blocked by inhibiting JAK2/STAT5, PI3K/Akt, MEK1/2, and p38 MAPK, respectively. Furthermore, SLα and SLβ induction also triggered rapid phosphorylation of STAT5, Akt, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, MKK3/6, and p38 MAPK. These results suggest that 1) SLα and SLβ produced locally in the carp pituitary can serve as novel autocrine/paracrine stimulators for SLα secretion and synthesis and 2) SLα production induced by local release of SLα and SLβ probably are mediated by the JAK2/STAT5, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rocha FG, Horton JS, Bryant-Greenwood GD. Relaxin and preterm birth. Ital J Anat Embryol 2013; 118:21-22. [PMID: 24640563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a global problem with a high incidence in the developing world. Relaxin (RLN) has classically been associated with parturition, but its role(s) in the human have been difficult to determine. For the first time, we bring together the systemic (ovarian) and autocrine/paracrine (intrauterine) sources of RLN, in an attempt to understand how RLN contributes to PTB in women.
Collapse
|
44
|
Titov VN. [The unification of physical chemical and biological actions of spirits of glycerin and cholesterol in cell's absorption of fatty acids: the singularity of pathogenesis of "metabolic pandemics"]. Klin Lab Diagn 2013:3-11. [PMID: 23807986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
According to phylogenetic theory of pathology, atherosclerosis is a syndrome of deficiency of essential polyene fatty acids in cells. The unfavorable impact of environment and derangement of biological function of trophology (function of nutrition) results in failure of transfer in the structure of lipoproteins and their active absorption by cells and metabolism of lipids and fatty acids. All these processes were formed billions years in the past at the autocrine (cell) level, in paracrine cenosis of cells and at the level of organism. The apparent derangements of trophology "highlight" the regular and metabolic limitations (hidden "defects") which derange bioavailability of essential polyene fatty acids for cells by blocking cells' active absorption. The processes of metabolism of nonpolar ethers of fatty acids with spirits of glycerin and cholesterol are impacted too. The biological function of intelligence applied the biological modes can eliminate this derangement through development of theory of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its effective prevention. The normalization of biological function of trophology and brining to conformity with capacities of organism advanced in phylogenesis are the only effective mode of prevention. This approach will decrease at once the prevalence of all "metabolic pandemics" in population. The spirit cholesterol will continue to occupy a fitting position in diagnostics of atherosclerosis on a par with spirit glycerin with identification of triglycerides. Both spirits are of equal value as diagnostic tests to detect the failure of transfer in the structure of lipoproteins and active receptor absorption of fatty acids by cells. The article proposes to unify on the basis of pathogenesis all "metabolic pandemics", diabetes mellitus included, into the section of clinical medicine and name it "pathology of fatty acids".
Collapse
|
45
|
Talanov SA, Liashenko TI, Patalakh II. [The role of NADPH-oxidase in paracrine and autocrine regulation of platelet functional activity]. Fiziol Zh (1994) 2013; 59:85-94. [PMID: 24400570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
NADPH-oxidase (NOX) is a novel transmembrane enzyme that appears to have pivotal role in the control of platelet signal pathways. The NOX activity in platelets is controlled by agonist receptors activation, which, in turn are modulated by NOX. This review focuses on participation of NOX in autocrine and paracrine regulation of platelet activation, aggregation secretion, protein synthesis and cell recruitment processes during thrombus formation. Possible involving of NOX in the cell-to-cell communication and coordination in response to trombogenic stimulus is discussed.
Collapse
|
46
|
Yan Y, He T, Shen Y, Chen X, Diao B, Li Z, Zhou F, Xing YQ. Modeling of diseases of retinal ischemia in vitro: possible participation of autocrine vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Ophthalmic Res 2012; 49:90-9. [PMID: 23257772 DOI: 10.1159/000343254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish and evaluate a novel in vitro model of retinal ischemia, and to determine whether an autocrine pathway of retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMVECs) by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling plays a role based on this model. METHODS Primary RMVECs were isolated from the retinas of C57/BL6J rats and identified by an evaluation for FITC-marked CD31. The hypoxia models were established with the biobag at the time of 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, and evaluated with a blood-gas analyzer. The control groups were incubated under normoxic conditions for the same length of time. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the CCK-8 method. Apoptosis was assayed using a flow cytometry method. RNA and protein expressions of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2 and iNOs were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. RESULTS The results of blood-gas analysis showed that when the cultures were exposed to hypoxia for more than 2 h, the pO(2) was below 4.5 kPa, pCO(2) and pH shifted slightly. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that the expressions of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2 and iNOs mRNA in hypoxic groups increased in comparison to those in the normoxia groups (p < 0.01) and the expression of mRNA increased significantly in a time-dependent fashion in the hypoxic groups (p < 0.01), peaking at 48 h, and then decreasing. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of relative proteins ranked in this order. CCK-8 analysis revealed that the proliferative capacity of RMVECs in the hypoxic groups was significantly higher than those in the normoxic groups at each time point (p < 0.05). At 48 h, the proliferative capacity was highest in the hypoxia groups (p < 0.05). Data acquisition from flow cytometry showed that cell survival rates in the hypoxic groups were higher than those in the normoxic groups and apoptosis rates dropped accordingly. The survival rate was highest at 48 h. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that a novel in vitro model of retinal ischemia using the biobag had a good authenticity. According to the well-established in vitro hypoxia model by the biobag, RMVECs include the requisite elements for an autocrine pathway that may serve to amplify the angiogenic effects of VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ge D, Gao AC, Zhang Q, Liu S, Xue Y, You Z. LNCaP prostate cancer cells with autocrine interleukin-6 expression are resistant to IL-6-induced neuroendocrine differentiation due to increased expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling. Prostate 2012; 72:1306-16. [PMID: 22213096 PMCID: PMC3665156 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is one of the mechanisms underlying development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this study, we investigated IL-6-induced NED in two LNCaP sublines. METHODS LNCaP-S17, an LNCaP subline that secretes IL-6, and LNCaP-C3, a control subline that does not express IL-6, were analyzed for IL-6-induced NED, activation of JAK2 and STAT3 pathways, and expression of IL-6/IL-6R signaling proteins and downstream target genes. RESULTS IL-6 did not induce NED in LNCaP-S17 cells, even though IL-6 induced NED in LNCaP-C3 cells. IL-6 activated JAK2 and STAT3 pathways in LNCaP-C3 cells but not in LNCaP-S17 cells. IL-6 did not activate ERK1/2, AKT, or NF-κB pathways in either cell line. Both LNCaP-C3 and LNCaP-S17 cell lines expressed IL-6R, gp130, and TYK2 at almost the same levels and did not express JAK1 or JAK3. The basal level of JAK2 expression was slightly higher in LNCaP-C3 cells than in LNCaP-S17 cells. Two suppressors of cytokine signaling, SOCS7 and cytokine-inducible SH2 protein (CIS), were expressed constitutively at higher levels in LNCaP-S17 cells than in LNCaP-C3 cells, while SOCS1 to SOCS6 were expressed at approximately the same levels. Using siRNA to knockdown SOCS7 and CIS expression in LNCaP-S17 cells led to increased phosphorylation of STAT3 upon IL-6 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS LNCaP-S17 cells are resistant to exogenous IL-6-induced NED due to increased levels of CIS/SOCS7 that block activation of JAK2-STAT3 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Ge
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Allen C. Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Sen Liu
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Yun Xue
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Correspondence to: Zongbing You, MD, PhD, Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL 49, New Orleans, LA 70112. Fax: 504-988-1687; Tel: 504-988-0467;
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Miyata K, Yotsumoto F, Nam SO, Kuroki M, Miyamoto S. Regulatory mechanisms of the HB-EGF autocrine loop in inflammation, homeostasis, development and cancer. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:2347-2352. [PMID: 22641673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is involved in development and homeostasis as well as in pathological processing of chronic diseases, especially cancer. Enhancement of HB-EGF expression is directly or indirectly regulated by transcriptional factors, including activator protein-1 (AP-1), specificity protein (SP)1, SP3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (HIF-1α, myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD), Wilms tumor 1 (WT-1) and snail homolog 1 (Snail), and also by microRNAs. These transcription or post-transcription factors may communicate to form an autocrine HB-EGF amplification loop. Emerging evidence has indicated that HB-EGF is a rational target for the therapy of cancer and atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the HB-EGF autocrine loop and HB-EGF transcriptional factors, and we highlight HB-EGF as a therapeutic target in diverse diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Miyata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rikhof B, van der Graaf WTA, Suurmeijer AJH, van Doorn J, Meersma GJ, Groenen PJTA, Schuuring EMD, Meijer C, de Jong S. 'Big'-insulin-like growth factor-II signaling is an autocrine survival pathway in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Am J Pathol 2012; 181:303-12. [PMID: 22658485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New treatment targets need to be identified in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) to extend the treatment options for patients experiencing failure with small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II acts as an autocrine factor in several tumor types by binding to IGF receptor type 1 (IGF-1R) and/or the insulin receptor (IR) isoform A. The aim of the present study was to investigate the putative role of unprocessed pro-IGF-II, called 'big'-IGF-II, in GISTs. The imatinib-sensitive GIST882 and imatinib-resistant GIST48 cell lines secrete high levels of big-IGF-II as demonstrated by ELISA and Western blotting analyses. IR isoform A mRNA and protein expression, but not that of IGF-1R, was found in these KIT mutant cell lines and in KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-mutant GIST specimens. Down-regulation of either big-IGF-II or IR affected AKT and MAPK signaling and reduced survival in both cell lines. Disruption of big-IGF-II signaling in combination with imatinib had additive cytotoxic effects on GIST882 cells. IGF-II mRNA as determined by in situ hybridization was present in 91% of 60 primary GISTs. Immunohistochemical analysis of big-IGF-II protein expression was associated with moderate- to high-risk tumors compared with tumors with a lower risk classification (P < 0.028). Our data put forth the big-IGF-II/IR isoform A axis as an autocrine survival pathway and potential therapeutic target in GISTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Rikhof
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wilson KJ, Mill C, Lambert S, Buchman J, Wilson TR, Hernandez-Gordillo V, Gallo RM, Ades LMC, Settleman J, Riese DJ. EGFR ligands exhibit functional differences in models of paracrine and autocrine signaling. Growth Factors 2012; 30:107-16. [PMID: 22260327 PMCID: PMC3962550 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2011.649918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) family peptides are ligands for the EGF receptor (EGFR). Here, we elucidate functional differences among EGFR ligands and mechanisms underlying these distinctions. In 32D/EGFR myeloid and MCF10A breast cells, soluble amphiregulin (AR), transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), neuregulin 2 beta, and epigen stimulate greater EGFR coupling to cell proliferation and DNA synthesis than do EGF, betacellulin, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, and epiregulin. EGF competitively antagonizes AR, indicating that its functional differences reflect dissimilar intrinsic activity at EGFR. EGF stimulates much greater phosphorylation of EGFR Tyr1045 than does AR. Moreover, the EGFR Y1045F mutation and z-cbl dominant-negative mutant of the c-cbl ubiquitin ligase potentiate the effect of EGF but not of AR. Both EGF and AR stimulate phosphorylation of EGFR Tyr992. However, the EGFR Y992F mutation and phospholipase C gamma inhibitor U73122 reduce the effect of AR much more than that of EGF. Expression of TGFα in 32D/EGFR cells causes greater EGFR coupling to cell proliferation than does expression of EGF. Moreover, expression of EGF in 32D/EGFR cells causes these cells to be largely refractory to stimulation with soluble EGF. Thus, EGFR ligands are functionally distinct in models of paracrine and autocrine signaling and EGFR coupling to biological responses may be specified by competition among functionally distinct EGFR ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy J Wilson
- Purdue University College of Pharmacy, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2064, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|