1
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Kelly KA, Heaps CL, Wu G, Labhasetwar V, Meininger CJ. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial function in diabetic rats. Nitric Oxide 2024; 148:13-22. [PMID: 38642795 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, underlying the vascular complications of diabetes and other cardiovascular disorders, may result from uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity due to decreased levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a critical co-factor for eNOS. Some clinical trials attempting to deliver exogenous BH4 as a potential therapeutic strategy in vascular disease states have failed due to oxidation of BH4 in the circulation. We sought to develop a means of protecting BH4 from oxidation while delivering it to dysfunctional endothelial cells. Polymeric and solid lipid nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with BH4 were delivered by injection or oral gavage, respectively, to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BH4 was measured in coronary endothelial cells and endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity was assessed in vascular rings. Lymphatic uptake of orally delivered lipid NPs was verified by sampling mesenteric lymph. BH4-loaded polymeric NPs maintained nitric oxide production by cultured endothelial cells under conditions of oxidative stress. BH4-loaded NPs, delivered via injection or ingestion, increased coronary endothelial BH4 concentration and improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in diabetic rats. Pharmacodynamics assessment indicated peak concentration of solid lipid NPs in the systemic bloodstream 6 hours after ingestion, with disappearance noted by 48 hours. These studies support the feasibility of utilizing NPs to deliver BH4 to dysfunctional endothelial cells to increase nitric oxide bioavailability. BH4-loaded NPs could provide an innovative tool to restore redox balance in blood vessels and modulate eNOS-mediated vascular function to reverse or retard vascular disease in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Kelly
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical Research and Education Building Rm 1341, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Cristine L Heaps
- Texas A&M University School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical Research and Education Building Rm 1341, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA; Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, Kleberg Center Rm 133, 2471 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - Vinod Labhasetwar
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mail Code ND20, Cleveland, OH, 44196, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical Research and Education Building Rm 1341, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
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2
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Tekwe CD, Luan Y, Meininger CJ, Bazer FW, Wu G. Dietary supplementation with L-leucine reduces nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells of rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1537-1549. [PMID: 37837386 PMCID: PMC10676130 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231199078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that elevated L-leucine concentrations in plasma reduce nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by endothelial cells (ECs) and affect adiposity in obese rats. Beginning at four weeks of age, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a casein-based low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 15 weeks. Thereafter, rats in the LF and HF groups were assigned randomly into one of two subgroups (n = 8/subgroup) and received drinking water containing either 1.02% L-alanine (isonitrogenous control) or 1.5% L-leucine for 12 weeks. The energy expenditure of the rats was determined at weeks 0, 6, and 11 of the supplementation period. At the end of the study, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed on all the rats immediately before being euthanized for the collection of tissues. HF feeding reduced (P < 0.001) NO synthesis in ECs by 21% and whole-body insulin sensitivity by 19% but increased (P < 0.001) glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (GFAT) activity in ECs by 42%. Oral administration of L-leucine decreased (P < 0.05) NO synthesis in ECs by 14%, increased (P < 0.05) GFAT activity in ECs by 35%, and reduced (P < 0.05) whole-body insulin sensitivity by 14% in rats fed the LF diet but had no effect (P > 0.05) on these variables in rats fed the HF diet. L-Leucine supplementation did not affect (P > 0.05) weight gain, tissue masses (including white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle), or antioxidative capacity (indicated by ratios of glutathione/glutathione disulfide) in LF- or HF-fed rats and did not worsen (P > 0.05) adiposity, whole-body insulin sensitivity, or metabolic profiles in the plasma of obese rats. These results indicate that high concentrations of L-leucine promote glucosamine synthesis and impair NO production by ECs, possibly contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diet-induced obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen D Tekwe
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47403, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Luan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47403, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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3
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Rivers RJ, Meininger CJ. The Tissue Response to Hypoxia: How Therapeutic Carbon Dioxide Moves the Response toward Homeostasis and Away from Instability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065181. [PMID: 36982254 PMCID: PMC10048965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained tissue hypoxia is associated with many pathophysiological conditions, including chronic inflammation, chronic wounds, slow-healing fractures, microvascular complications of diabetes, and metastatic spread of tumors. This extended deficiency of oxygen (O2) in the tissue sets creates a microenvironment that supports inflammation and initiates cell survival paradigms. Elevating tissue carbon dioxide levels (CO2) pushes the tissue environment toward "thrive mode," bringing increased blood flow, added O2, reduced inflammation, and enhanced angiogenesis. This review presents the science supporting the clinical benefits observed with the administration of therapeutic CO2. It also presents the current knowledge regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the biological effects of CO2 therapy. The most notable findings of the review include (a) CO2 activates angiogenesis not mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1a, (b) CO2 is strongly anti-inflammatory, (c) CO2 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, and (d) CO2 can stimulate the same pathways as exercise and thereby, acts as a critical mediator in the biological response of skeletal muscle to tissue hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Rivers
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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4
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Elmetwally MA, Li X, Johnson GA, Burghardt RC, Herring CM, Kramer AC, Meininger CJ, Bazer FW, Wu G. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine between days 14 and 25 of gestation enhances NO and polyamine syntheses and the expression of angiogenic proteins in porcine placentae. Amino Acids 2021; 54:193-204. [PMID: 34741684 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with 0.4 or 0.8% L-arginine (Arg) to gilts between days 14 and 25 of gestation enhances embryonic survival and vascular development in placentae; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that Arg supplementation stimulated placental expression of mRNAs and proteins that enhance angiogenesis, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PGF), GTP cyclohydrolase-I (GTP-CH1), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2). Beginning on the day of breeding, gilts were fed daily 2 kg of a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0.0 (control), 0.4, or 0.8% Arg. On day 25 of gestation, gilts were hysterectomized to obtain uteri and conceptuses for histochemical and biochemical analyses. eNOS and VEGFR1 proteins were localized to endothelial cells of maternal uterine blood vessels and to the uterine luminal epithelium, respectively. Compared with the control, dietary supplementation with 0.4 or 0.8% Arg increased (P < 0.05) the amounts of nitrite plus nitrate (NOx; oxidation products of NO) and polyamines in allantoic and amniotic fluids, concentrations of NOx, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, an essential cofactor for all NOS isoforms) and polyamines in placentae, as well as placental protein abundances of GTP-CH1 (the key enzyme for BH4 production) and ODC1 (the key enzyme for polyamine synthesis). Placental mRNA levels for GTP-CH1, eNOS, PGF, VEGF, and VEGFR2 increased in response to both 0.4% and 0.8% Arg supplementation. Collectively, these results indicate that dietary Arg supplementation to gilts between days 14 and 25 of pregnancy promotes placental angiogenesis by increasing the expression of mRNAs and proteins for angiogenic factors as well as NO and polyamine syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Elmetwally
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xilong Li
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Cassandra M Herring
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Avery C Kramer
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | | | - Fuller W Bazer
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Departments of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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5
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Sarkar TR, McNeal CJ, Meininger CJ, Niu Y, Mallick BK, Carroll RJ, Wu G. Dietary Intakes of Amino Acids and Other Nutrients by Adult Humans. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1332:211-227. [PMID: 34251646 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74180-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Measuring usual dietary intake in freely living humans is difficult to accomplish. As a part of our recent study, a food frequency questionnaire was completed by healthy adult men and women at days 0 and 90 of the study. Data from the food questionnaire were analyzed with a nutrient analysis program ( www.Harvardsffq.date ). Healthy men and women consumed protein as 19-20% and 17-19% of their total energy intakes, respectively, with animal protein representing about 75 and 70% of their total protein intakes, respectively. The intake of each nutritionally essential amino acid (EAA) by the persons exceeded that recommended for healthy adults with a minimal physical activity. In all individuals, the dietary intake of leucine was the highest, followed by lysine, valine, and isoleucine in descending order, and the ingestion of amino acids that are synthesizable de novo in animal cells (AASAs) was about 20% greater than that of total EAAs. The intake of each AASA met those recommended for healthy adults with a minimal physical activity. Intakes of some AASAs (alanine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate, and glycine) from a typical diet providing 90-110 g food protein/day does not meet the requirements of adults with an intensive physical activity. Within the male or female group, there were not significant differences in the dietary intakes of all amino acids between days 0 and 90 of the study, and this was also true for nearly all other essential nutrients. Our findings will help to improve amino acid nutrition and health in both the general population and exercising individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasree R Sarkar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Catherine J McNeal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yabo Niu
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bani K Mallick
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Raymond J Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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6
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Pal S, Nath S, Meininger CJ, Gashev AA. Emerging Roles of Mast Cells in the Regulation of Lymphatic Immuno-Physiology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1234. [PMID: 32625213 PMCID: PMC7311670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are abundant in almost all vascularized tissues. Furthermore, their anatomical proximity to lymphatic vessels and their ability to synthesize, store and release a large array of inflammatory and vasoactive mediators emphasize their significance in the regulation of the lymphatic vascular functions. As a major secretory cell of the innate immune system, MCs maintain their steady-state granule release under normal physiological conditions; however, the inflammatory response potentiates their ability to synthesize and secrete these mediators. Activation of MCs in response to inflammatory signals can trigger adaptive immune responses by dendritic cell-directed T cell activation. In addition, through the secretion of various mediators, cytokines and growth factors, MCs not only facilitate interaction and migration of immune cells, but also influence lymphatic permeability, contractility, and vascular remodeling as well as immune cell trafficking through the lymphatic vessels. In summary, the consequences of these events directly affect the lymphatic niche, influencing inflammation at multiple levels. In this review, we have summarized the recent advancements in our understanding of the MC biology in the context of the lymphatic vascular system. We have further highlighted the MC-lymphatic interaction axis from the standpoint of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Pal
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Shubhankar Nath
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
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7
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Si H, Wang J, Meininger CJ, Peng X, Zawieja DC, Zhang SL. Ca 2+ release-activated Ca 2+ channels are responsible for histamine-induced Ca 2+ entry, permeability increase, and interleukin synthesis in lymphatic endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1283-H1295. [PMID: 32275470 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00544.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic functions in maintaining lymph transport, and immune surveillance can be impaired by infections and inflammation, thereby causing debilitating disorders, such as lymphedema and inflammatory bowel disease. Histamine is a key inflammatory mediator known to trigger vasodilation and vessel hyperpermeability upon binding to its receptors and evoking intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) dynamics for downstream signal transductions. However, the exact molecular mechanisms beneath the [Ca2+]i dynamics and the downstream cellular effects have not been elucidated in the lymphatic system. Here, we show that Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, formed by Orai1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) proteins, are required for the histamine-elicited Ca2+ signaling in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs). Blockers or antagonists against CRAC channels, phospholipase C, and H1R receptors can all significantly diminish the histamine-evoked [Ca2+]i dynamics in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), while short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous Orai1 or STIM1 also abolished the Ca2+ entry upon histamine stimulation in LECs. Furthermore, we find that histamine compromises the lymphatic endothelial barrier function by increasing the intercellular permeability and disrupting vascular endothelial-cadherin integrity, which is remarkably attenuated by CRAC channel blockers. Additionally, the upregulated expression of inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, after histamine stimulation was abolished by silencing Orai1 or STIM1 with RNAi in LECs. Taken together, our data demonstrated the essential role of CRAC channels in mediating the [Ca2+]i signaling and downstream endothelial barrier and inflammatory functions induced by histamine in the LECs, suggesting a promising potential to relieve histamine-triggered vascular leakage and inflammatory disorders in the lymphatics by targeting CRAC channel functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Si
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Xu Peng
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Shenyuan L Zhang
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
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8
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Gashev AA, Gasheva OY, Zawieja DC, Meininger CJ, Pal S. Histamine‐mediated regulatory loop in mesenteric perilymphatic mast cells. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sarit Pal
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine
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9
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Pal S, Gasheva OY, Zawieja DC, Meininger CJ, Gashev AA. Histamine-mediated autocrine signaling in mesenteric perilymphatic mast cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R590-R604. [PMID: 31913658 PMCID: PMC7099465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00255.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels play a critical role in mounting a proper immune response by trafficking peripheral immune cells to draining lymph nodes. Mast cells (MCs) are well known for their roles in type I hypersensitivity reactions, but little is known about their secretory regulation in the lymphatic niche. MCs, as innate sensor and effector cells, reside close to mesenteric lymphatic vessels (MLVs), and their activation and ability to release histamine influences the lymphatic microenvironment in a histamine-NF-κB-dependent manner. Using an established experimental protocol involving surgical isolation of rat mesenteric tissue segments, including MLVs and surrounding perilymphatic tissues, we tested the hypothesis that perilymphatic mesenteric MCs possess histamine receptors (HRs) that bind and respond to the histamine released from these same MCs. Under various experimental conditions, including inflammatory stimulation by LPS, we measured histamine in mesenteric perilymphatic tissues, evaluated expression of histidine decarboxylase in MCs along with the degree of MC degranulation, assessed the functional status of HRs in MCs, and evaluated the ability of histamine itself to induce MC activation. Finally, we evaluated the importance of MCs and HR1 and -2 for MLV-directed trafficking of CD11b/c-positive cells during acute tissue inflammation. Our data indicate the existence of a functionally potent MC-histamine autocrine regulatory loop, the elements of which are crucially important for acute inflammation-induced trafficking of the CD11b/c-positive cells toward MLVs. This MC-histamine loop serves as a first-line cellular servo control system, playing a key role in the innate and adaptive immune response as well as NF-κB-mediated maintenance of body homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Pal
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Olga Y Gasheva
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
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10
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Tekwe CD, Yao K, Lei J, Li X, Gupta A, Luan Y, Meininger CJ, Bazer FW, Wu G. Oral administration of α-ketoglutarate enhances nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells and whole-body insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1081-1088. [PMID: 31357871 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219865229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including hypertension, type-2 diabetes, and cancer. Interestingly, concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in plasma are commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction in humans and animals with obesity. Because L-leucine inhibits nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells (EC), we hypothesized that dietary supplementation with AKG (a substrate for BCAA transaminase) may stimulate BCAA catabolism in the small intestine and extra-intestinal tissues, thereby reducing the circulating concentrations of BCAAs and increasing nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells. Beginning at four weeks of age, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a low-fat or a high-fat diet for 15 weeks. At 19 weeks of age, lean or obese rats continued to be fed for 12 weeks their respective diets and received drinking water containing 0 or 1% AKG ( n = 8/group). At 31 weeks of age, the rats were euthanized to obtain tissues. Food intake did not differ ( P > 0.05) between rats supplemented with or without AKG. Oral administration of AKG (250 mg/kg BW per day) reduced ( P < 0.05) concentrations of BCAAs, glucose, ammonia, and triacylglycerols in plasma, adiposity, and glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate transaminase activity in endothelial cells, and enhanced ( P < 0.05) concentrations of the reduced form of glutathione in tissues, nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells, and whole-body insulin sensitivity (indicated by oral glucose tolerance test) in both low-fat and high-fat rats. AKG administration reduced ( P < 0.05) white adipose tissue weights of rats in the low-fat and high-fat groups. These novel results indicate that AKG can reduce adiposity and increase nitric oxide production by endothelial cells in diet-induced obese rats. Impact statement Obesity is associated with elevated concentrations of branched-chain amino acids, including L-leucine. L-Leucine inhibits the synthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine by endothelial cells, contributing to impairments in angiogenesis, blood flow, and vascular dysfunction, as well as insulin resistance. Reduction in the circulating levels of branched-chain amino acids through dietary supplementation with α-ketoglutarate to promote their transamination in the small intestine and other tissues can restore nitric oxide synthesis in the vasculature and reduce the weights of white adipose tissues, thereby improving metabolic profiles and whole-body insulin sensitivity (indicated by oral glucose tolerance test) in diet-induced obese rats. Our findings provide a simple and effective nutritional means to alleviate metabolic syndrome in obese subjects. This is highly significant to combat the current obesity epidemic and associated health problems in humans worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen D Tekwe
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kang Yao
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jian Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xilong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Anand Gupta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Luan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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11
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Gasheva OY, Tsoy Nizamutdinova I, Hargrove L, Gobbell C, Troyanova-Wood M, Alpini SF, Pal S, Du C, Hitt AR, Yakovlev VV, Newell-Rogers MK, Zawieja DC, Meininger CJ, Alpini GD, Francis H, Gashev AA. Prolonged intake of desloratadine: mesenteric lymphatic vessel dysfunction and development of obesity/metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G217-G227. [PMID: 30475062 PMCID: PMC6383386 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00321.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish mechanistic links between the prolonged intake of desloratadine, a common H1 receptor blocker (i.e., antihistamine), and development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 16 wk with desloratadine. We analyzed the dynamics of body weight gain, tissue fat accumulation/density, contractility of isolated mesenteric lymphatic vessels, and levels of blood lipids, glucose, and insulin, together with parameters of liver function. Prolonged intake of desloratadine induced development of an obesity-like phenotype and signs of metabolic syndrome. These alterations in the body included excessive weight gain, increased density of abdominal subcutaneous fat and intracapsular brown fat, high blood triglycerides with an indication of their rerouting toward portal blood, high HDL, high fasting blood glucose with normal fasting and nonfasting insulin levels (insulin resistance), high liver/body weight ratio, and liver steatosis (fatty liver). These changes were associated with dysfunction of mesenteric lymphatic vessels, specifically high lymphatic tone and resistance to flow together with diminished tonic and abolished phasic responses to increases in flow, (i.e., greatly diminished adaptive reserves to respond to postprandial increases in lymph flow). The role of nitric oxide in this flow-dependent adaptation was abolished, with remnants of these responses controlled by lymphatic vessel-derived histamine. Our current data, considered together with reports in the literature, support the notion that millions of the United States population are highly likely affected by underevaluated, lymphatic-related side effects of antihistamines and may develop obesity and metabolic syndrome due to the prolonged intake of this medication. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prolonged intake of desloratadine induced development of obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with dysfunction of mesenteric lymphatic vessels, high lymphatic tone, and resistance to flow together with greatly diminished adaptive reserves to respond to postprandial increases in lymph flow. Data support the notion that millions of the USA population are highly likely affected by underevaluated, lymphatic-related side effects of antihistamines and may develop obesity and metabolic syndrome due to the prolonged intake of this medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Y. Gasheva
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Laura Hargrove
- 2Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Cassidy Gobbell
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Maria Troyanova-Wood
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Sarit Pal
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Christina Du
- 4Department of Comparative Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Angie R. Hitt
- 4Department of Comparative Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Vlad V. Yakovlev
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - M. Karen Newell-Rogers
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - David C. Zawieja
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Cynthia J. Meininger
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
| | - Gianfranco D. Alpini
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas,2Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas,2Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
| | - Anatoliy A. Gashev
- 1Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas
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12
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Lee Y, Chakraborty S, Meininger CJ, Muthuchamy M. Insulin resistance disrupts cell integrity, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory signaling in lymphatic endothelium. Microcirculation 2018; 25:e12492. [PMID: 30025187 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphatic vessel dysfunction and increased lymph leakage have been directly associated with several metabolic diseases. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms causing lymphatic dysfunction have not been determined. Aberrant insulin signaling affects the metabolic function of cells and consequently impairs tissue function. We hypothesized that insulin resistance in LECs decreases eNOS activity, disrupts barrier integrity increases permeability, and activates mitochondrial dysfunction and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. METHODS LECs were treated with insulin and/or glucose to determine the mechanisms leading to insulin resistance. RESULTS Acute insulin treatment increased eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in LECs via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Prolonged hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced insulin resistance in LECs. Insulin-resistant LECs produced less NO due to a decrease in eNOS phosphorylation and showed a significant decrease in impedance across an LEC monolayer that was associated with disruption in the adherence junctional proteins. Additionally, insulin resistance in LECs impaired mitochondrial function by decreasing basal-, maximal-, and ATP-linked OCRs and activated NF-κB nuclear translocation coupled with increased pro-inflammatory signaling. CONCLUSION Our data provide the first evidence that insulin resistance disrupts endothelial barrier integrity, decreases eNOS phosphorylation and mitochondrial function, and activates inflammation in LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lee
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mariappan Muthuchamy
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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13
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McNeal CJ, Meininger CJ, Wilborn CD, Tekwe CD, Wu G. Safety of dietary supplementation with arginine in adult humans. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1215-1229. [PMID: 29858688 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies with animals and humans have shown beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with L-arginine (Arg) on reducing white fat and improving health. At present, a long-term safe level of Arg administration to adult humans is unknown. The objective of this study was to conduct a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial to evaluate the safety and tolerability of oral Arg in overweight or obese but otherwise healthy adults with a body mass index of ≥ 25 kg/m2. A total of 142 subjects completed a 7-day wash-in period using a 12 g Arg/day dose. All the remaining eligible 101 subjects who tolerated the wash-in dose (45 men and 56 women) were assigned randomly to ingest 0, 15 or 30 g Arg (as pharmaceutical-grade Arg-HCl) per day for 90 days. Arg was taken daily in at least two divided doses by mixing with a flavored beverage. At Days 0 and 90, blood pressures of study subjects were recorded, their physical examinations were performed, and their blood and 24-h urine samples were obtained to measure: (1) serum concentrations of amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, and related metabolites; and (2) renal, hepatic, endocrine and metabolic parameters. Our results indicate that the serum concentration of Arg in men or women increased (P < 0.05) progressively with increasing oral Arg doses from 0 to 30 g/day. Dietary supplementation with 30 g Arg/day reduced (P < 0.05) systolic blood pressure and serum glucose concentration in females, as well as serum concentrations of free fatty acids in both males and females. Based on physiological and biochemical variables, study subjects tolerated oral administration of 15 and 30 g Arg/day without adverse events. We conclude that a long-term safe level of dietary Arg supplementation is at least 30 g/day in adult humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J McNeal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Colin D Wilborn
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA
| | - Carmen D Tekwe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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14
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Pal S, Meininger CJ, Gasheva O, Griffith W, Zawieja DC, Gashev AA. Aging-associated alterations in lymphatic vessels and mast cells in perilymphatic tissues. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.46.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Aging alters lymphatic vessel structure (by increasing the size of low muscle cell investiture zones), ultrastructure (through loss of the glycocalyx), and proteome composition causing a concomitant increase in lymphatic permeability. Our recent studies have shown that the contractile function of aged lymphatic vessels is depleted with abolished role of nitric oxide and an increased role of lymphatic-born histamine in flow-dependent regulation of lymphatic phasic contractions and tone. Thus, aging-related reduced vessel functionality and increased oxidative stress of the lymphatic vasculature facilitate the spread of pathogens into perilymphatic tissues. In addition, aging causes the basal activation of the perilymphatic mast cells, which, in turn, restricts the recruitment/activation of MHCII+ -positive cells and eosinophils in perilymphatic tissues. This aging-associated basal activation of perilymphatic mast cells limits proper functioning of the mast cell/histamine/NF-kB axis that is essential for the regulation of lymphatic vessel transport and barrier functions as well as for both the interaction and trafficking of immune cells near and within lymphatic collecting vessels. Cumulatively these alterations play crucial roles in the progression of aging-related pathogenesis in inflammation and immunity.
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15
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Nizamutdinova IT, Dusio GF, Gasheva OY, Skoog H, Tobin R, Peddaboina C, Meininger CJ, Zawieja DC, Newell-Rogers MK, Gashev AA. Mast cells and histamine are triggering the NF-κB-mediated reactions of adult and aged perilymphatic mesenteric tissues to acute inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3065-3090. [PMID: 27875806 PMCID: PMC5191886 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish mechanistic links between the aging-associated changes in the functional status of mast cells and the altered responses of mesenteric tissue and mesenteric lymphatic vessels (MLVs) to acute inflammation. We used an in vivo model of acute peritoneal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment of adult (9-month) and aged (24-month) F-344 rats. We analyzed contractility of isolated MLVs, mast cell activation, activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) without and with stabilization of mast cells by cromolyn or blockade of all types of histamine receptors and production of 27 major pro-inflammatory cytokines in adult and aged perilymphatic mesenteric tissues and blood. We found that the reactivity of aged contracting lymphatic vessels to LPS-induced acute inflammation was abolished and that activated mast cells trigger NF-κB signaling in the mesentery through release of histamine. The aging-associated basal activation of mesenteric mast cells limits acute inflammatory NF-κB activation in aged mesentery. We conclude that proper functioning of the mast cell/histamine/NF-κB axis is necessary for reactions of the lymphatic vessels to acute inflammatory stimuli as well as for interaction and trafficking of immune cells near and within the collecting lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Giuseppina F Dusio
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Olga Yu Gasheva
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Hunter Skoog
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Richard Tobin
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Chander Peddaboina
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - M Karen Newell-Rogers
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
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16
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Pal S, Meininger CJ, Gashev AA. Aged Lymphatic Vessels and Mast Cells in Perilymphatic Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050965. [PMID: 28467354 PMCID: PMC5454878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive summary of research on aging-associated alterations in lymphatic vessels and mast cells in perilymphatic tissues. Aging alters structure (by increasing the size of zones with low muscle cell investiture), ultrastructure (through loss of the glycocalyx), and proteome composition with a concomitant increase in permeability of aged lymphatic vessels. The contractile function of aged lymphatic vessels is depleted with the abolished role of nitric oxide and an increased role of lymphatic-born histamine in flow-dependent regulation of lymphatic phasic contractions and tone. In addition, aging induces oxidative stress in lymphatic vessels and facilitates the spread of pathogens from these vessels into perilymphatic tissues. Aging causes the basal activation of perilymphatic mast cells, which, in turn, restricts recruitment/activation of immune cells in perilymphatic tissues. This aging-associated basal activation of mast cells limits proper functioning of the mast cell/histamine/NF-κB axis that is essential for the regulation of lymphatic vessel transport and barrier functions as well as for both the interaction and trafficking of immune cells near and within lymphatic collecting vessels. Cumulatively, these changes play important roles in the pathogenesis of alterations in inflammation and immunity associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Pal
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA.
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17
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Nizamutdinova IT, Maejima D, Nagai T, Meininger CJ, Gashev AA. Histamine as an Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor in Aged Mesenteric Lymphatic Vessels. Lymphat Res Biol 2017; 15:136-145. [PMID: 28453392 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2016.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the mechanisms by which aging affects contracting lymphatic vessels remains incomplete; therefore, the functional role of histamine in the reaction of aged lymphatic vessels to increases in flow remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured and analyzed parameters of lymphatic contractility in isolated and pressurized rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels (MLVs) obtained from 9- and 24-month Fischer-344 rats under control conditions and after pharmacological blockade of nitric oxide (NO) by Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 100 μM) or/and blockade of histamine production by α-methyl-DL-histidine dihydrochloride (α-MHD, 10 μM). We also quantitatively compared results of immunohistochemical labeling of the histamine-producing enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in adult and aged MLVs. Our data provide the first demonstration of an increased functional role of histamine as an endothelial-derived relaxing factor in aged MLVs, which appears in parallel with the abolished role of NO in the reactions of these lymph vessels to increases in flow. In addition, we found an increased expression of HDC in endothelium of aged MLVs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the basis for better understanding of the processes of aging in lymphatic vessels and for setting new important directions for investigations of the aging-associated disturbances in lymph flow and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova
- 1 Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Temple, Texas
| | - Daisuke Maejima
- 1 Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Temple, Texas.,2 Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- 1 Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Temple, Texas.,2 Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- 1 Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Temple, Texas
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- 1 Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Temple, Texas
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18
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McNeal CJ, Meininger CJ, Reddy D, Wilborn CD, Wu G. Safety and Effectiveness of Arginine in Adults. J Nutr 2016; 146:2587S-2593S. [PMID: 27934649 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.234740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Arginine (Arg) appears to have a beneficial effect on the regulation of nutrient metabolism to enhance lean tissue deposition and on insulin resistance in humans. The observed safe level for oral administration of Arg is ∼20 g/d, but higher levels have been tested in short-term studies without serious adverse effects; however, more data are needed in both animal models and humans to fully evaluate safety as well as efficacy. The primary objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and effectiveness of oral Arg in adults. Arg supplementation has been used safely in vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women, preterm infants, and individuals with cystic fibrosis. Several recent studies have shown beneficial effects of Arg in individuals with obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Collectively, the data suggest that Arg supplementation is a safe and generally well-tolerated nutriceutical that may improve metabolic profiles in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J McNeal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX;
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX
| | - Deepika Reddy
- University Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Colin D Wilborn
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX; and
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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19
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Agrawal V, Woo JH, Mauldin JP, Stone EM, Meininger CJ, Jo C, Kleypas K, Frenkel EP, Frankel AE. In-vivo evaluation of human recombinant Co-arginase against A375 melanoma xenografts. Melanoma Res 2015; 24:556-67. [PMID: 25304236 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a deadly form of cancer with few therapeutic options and the cause of more than 9480 deaths annually in the USA alone. Novel treatment options for this disease are urgently needed. Here we test the efficacy of a novel melanoma drug, the human recombinant Co-arginase (CoArgIPEG), against an aggressive A375 melanoma mouse model. CoArgIPEG is a modification of the naturally occurring human enzyme with improved stability, catalytic activity, and potentially lower immunogenicity compared with current amino acid-depleting drugs. Marked tumor growth reductions (mean P=0.0057) with apoptosis induction and proliferation inhibition are noted with CoArgIPEG treatment, both in the presence and in the absence of supplemental citrulline. Further, improved therapeutic efficacy has been noted against A375 xenografts relative to the naturally occurring human recombinant arginase enzyme at lower doses of CoArgIPEG. Unfortunately, after 1 month, half of the relapsing tumors showed argininosuccinate synthase induction, which correlated with Ser62-phosphorylated cMyc. Although argininosuccinate synthase induction could not be induced in vitro, a drug targeting pathway previously demonstrated to be associated with Ser62 cMyc phosphorylation - U0126 - in combination with CoArgIPEG demonstrated an in-vitro synergistic response (combination indices 0.13±0.10 and 0.14±0.10 with or without citrulline, respectively). Overall, favorable efficacy and potential synergy with other antimelanoma drugs support CoArgIPEG as a potent, novel cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Agrawal
- aScott & White Cancer Research Institute, Baylor-Scott & White Health bDepartment of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple cDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin dDepartment of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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20
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Nizamutdinova IT, Maejima D, Nagai T, Bridenbaugh E, Thangaswamy S, Chatterjee V, Meininger CJ, Gashev AA. Involvement of histamine in endothelium-dependent relaxation of mesenteric lymphatic vessels. Microcirculation 2015; 21:640-8. [PMID: 24750494 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The knowledge of the basic principles of lymphatic function, still remains, to a large degree, rudimentary and will require significant research efforts. Recent studies of the physiology of the MLVs suggested the presence of an EDRF other than NO. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that lymphatic endothelium-derived histamine relaxes MLVs. METHODS We measured and analyzed parameters of lymphatic contractility in isolated and pressurized rat MLVs under control conditions and after pharmacological blockade of NO by L-NAME (100 μM) or/and histamine production by α-MHD (10 μM). Effectiveness of α-MHD was confirmed immunohistochemically. We also used immunohistochemical labeling and Western blot analysis of the histamine-producing enzyme, HDC. In addition, we blocked HDC protein expression in MLVs by transient transfection with vivo-morpholino oligos. RESULTS We found that only combined pharmacological blockade of NO and histamine production completely eliminates flow-dependent relaxation of lymphatic vessels, thus confirming a role for histamine as an EDRF in MLVs. We also confirmed the presence of HDC and histamine inside lymphatic endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS This study supports a role for histamine as an EDRF in MLVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, USA
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22
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Abstract
Reduced availability of nitric oxide (NO) in the vasculature is a major factor contributing to the impaired action of insulin on blood flow and, therefore, insulin resistance in obese and diabetic subjects. Available evidence shows that vascular insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in developed nations. Interestingly, increased concentrations of L-leucine in the plasma occur in obese humans and other animals with vascular dysfunction. Among branched-chain amino acids, L-leucine is unique in inhibiting NO synthesis from L-arginine in endothelial cells and may modulate cardiovascular homeostasis in insulin resistance. Results of recent studies indicate that L-leucine is an activator of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT), which is the first and a rate-controlling enzyme in the synthesis of glucosamine (an inhibitor of endothelial NO synthesis). Through stimulating the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and thus protein synthesis, L-leucine may enhance GFAT protein expression, thereby inhibiting NO synthesis in endothelial cells. We propose that reducing circulating levels of L-leucine or endothelial GFAT activity may provide a potentially novel strategy for preventing and/or treating cardiovascular disease in obese and diabetic subjects. Such means may include dietary supplementation with either α-ketoglutarate to enhance the catabolism of L-leucine in the small intestine and other tissues or with N-ethyl-L-glutamine to inhibit GFAT activity in endothelial cells. Preventing leucine-induced activation of GFAT by nutritional supplements or pharmaceutical drugs may contribute to improved cardiovascular function by enhancing vascular NO synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China,
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23
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Tekwe CD, Lei J, Yao K, Rezaei R, Li X, Dahanayaka S, Carroll RJ, Meininger CJ, Bazer FW, Wu G. Oral administration of interferon tau enhances oxidation of energy substrates and reduces adiposity in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Biofactors 2013; 39:552-63. [PMID: 23804503 PMCID: PMC3786024 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were used to study effects of oral administration of interferon tau (IFNT) in reducing obesity. Eighteen ZDF rats (28 days of age) were assigned randomly to receive 0, 4, or 8 μg IFNT/kg body weight (BW) per day (n = 6/group) for 8 weeks. Water consumption was measured every two days. Food intake and BW were recorded weekly. Energy expenditure in 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-week-old rats was determined using indirect calorimetry. Starting at 7 weeks of age, urinary glucose, and ketone bodies were tested daily. Rates of glucose and oleate oxidation in liver, brown adipose tissue, and abdominal adipose tissue, as well as leucine catabolism in skeletal muscle, and lipolysis in white and brown adipose tissues were greater for rats treated with 8 μg IFNT/kg BW/day in comparison with control rats. Treatment with 8 μg IFNT/kg BW/day increased heat production, reduced BW gain and adiposity, ameliorated fatty liver syndrome, delayed the onset of diabetes, and decreased concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and branched-chain amino acids in plasma, compared with control rats. Oral administration of 8 µg IFNT/kg BW/day ameliorated oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, as indicated by decreased ratios of oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione and increased concentrations of tetrahydrobiopterin. These results indicate that IFNT stimulates oxidation of energy substrates and reduces obesity in ZDF rats and may have broad important implications for preventing and treating obesity-related diseases in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen D. Tekwe
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Jian Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Kang Yao
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Xilong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Sudath Dahanayaka
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Raymond J. Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Cynthia J. Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843
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Dai Z, Wu Z, Yang Y, Wang J, Satterfield MC, Meininger CJ, Bazer FW, Wu G. Nitric oxide and energy metabolism in mammals. Biofactors 2013; 39:383-91. [PMID: 23553707 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthase in animals. Increasing evidence shows that NO regulates the mammalian metabolism of energy substrates and that these effects of NO critically depend on its concentrations at the reaction site and the period of exposure. High concentrations of NO (in the micromolar range) irreversibly inhibit complexes I, II, III, IV, and V in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, whereas physiological levels of NO (in the nanomolar range) reversibly reduce cytochomrome oxidase. Thus, NO reduces oxygen consumption by isolated mitochondria to various extents. In intact cells, through cGMP and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling, physiological levels of NO acutely stimulate uptake and oxidation of glucose and fatty acids by skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and adipose tissue, while inhibiting the synthesis of glucose, glycogen and fat in the insulin-sensitive tissues, and enhancing lipolysis in white adipocytes. Chronic effects of physiological levels of NO in vivo include stimulation of angiogenesis, blood flow, mitochondrial biogenesis, and brown adipocyte development. Modulation of NO-mediated pathways through dietary supplementation with L-arginine or its precursor L-citrulline may provide an effective, practical strategy to prevent and treat metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in mammals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is constitutively expressed but dynamically regulated by a number of factors. Building our knowledge of this regulation is necessary to understand and modulate the bioavailability of nitric oxide, central to the cardiovascular complications of diabetes and other diseases. This review will focus on the eNOS substrate (L-arginine), its cofactor (tetrahydrobiopterin), and mechanisms related to the uncoupling of eNOS activity. RECENT FINDINGS The global arginine bioavailability ratio has been proposed as a biomarker reflective of L-arginine availability, arginase activity, and citrulline cycling, as all of these processes impact eNOS activity. The failure of oral supplementation of tetrahydrobiopterin to recouple eNOS has emphasized the importance of the tetrahydrobiopterin to dihydrobiopterin ratio. Identification of transporters for biopterin species as well as signals that regulate endogenous arginine production have provided insight for alternative strategies to raise endothelial tetrahydrobiopterin levels while reducing dihydrobiopterin and alter eNOS activity. Finally, new information about redox regulation of eNOS itself may point to ways of controlling oxidative stress in the vasculature. SUMMARY Restoring proper eNOS activity is key to ameliorating or preventing cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Continued investigation is needed to uncover new means for maintaining endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai H Hoang
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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26
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Marín N, Zamorano P, Carrasco R, Mujica P, González FG, Quezada C, Meininger CJ, Boric MP, Durán WN, Sánchez FA. S-Nitrosation of β-catenin and p120 catenin: a novel regulatory mechanism in endothelial hyperpermeability. Circ Res 2012; 111:553-63. [PMID: 22777005 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.274548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Endothelial adherens junction proteins constitute an important element in the control of microvascular permeability. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) increases permeability to macromolecules via translocation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to cytosol and stimulation of eNOS-derived nitric oxide signaling cascade. The mechanisms by which nitric oxide signaling regulates permeability at adherens junctions are still incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We explored the hypothesis that PAF stimulates hyperpermeability via S-nitrosation (SNO) of adherens junction proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured PAF-stimulated SNO of β-catenin and p120-catenin (p120) in 3 cell lines: ECV-eNOSGFP, EAhy926 (derived from human umbilical vein), and postcapillary venular endothelial cells (derived from bovine heart endothelium) and in the mouse cremaster muscle in vivo. SNO correlated with diminished abundance of β-catenin and p120 at the adherens junction and with hyperpermeability. Tumor necrosis factor-α increased nitric oxide production and caused similar increase in SNO as PAF. To ascertain the importance of eNOS subcellular location in this process, we used ECV-304 cells transfected with cytosolic eNOS (GFPeNOSG2A) and plasma membrane eNOS (GFPeNOSCAAX). PAF induced SNO of β-catenin and p120 and significantly diminished association between these proteins in cells with cytosolic eNOS but not in cells wherein eNOS is anchored to the cell membrane. Inhibitors of nitric oxide production and of SNO blocked PAF-induced SNO and hyperpermeability, whereas inhibition of the cGMP pathway had no effect. Mass spectrometry analysis of purified p120 identified cysteine 579 as the main S-nitrosated residue in the region that putatively interacts with vascular endothelial-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that agonist-induced SNO contributes to junctional membrane protein changes that enhance endothelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Marín
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Laureles s/n, 511-0566, Valdivia, Chile
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27
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Francis H, DeMorrow S, Venter J, Onori P, White M, Gaudio E, Francis T, Greene JF, Tran S, Meininger CJ, Alpini G. Inhibition of histidine decarboxylase ablates the autocrine tumorigenic effects of histamine in human cholangiocarcinoma. Gut 2012; 61:753-64. [PMID: 21873469 PMCID: PMC3244572 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In several tumours the endogenous activity of histidine decarboxylase (HDC), the enzyme stimulating histamine synthesis, sustains the autocrine trophic effect of histamine on cancer progression. Cholangiocarcinoma is a biliary cancer with limited treatment options. Histamine interacts with four G-protein coupled receptors, H1-H4 histamine receptors (HRs). OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of histamine stimulation and inhibition of histamine synthesis (by modulation of HDC) on cholangiocarcinoma growth. METHODS In vitro studies were performed using multiple human cholangiocarcinoma lines. The expression levels of the histamine synthetic machinery and HRs were evaluated along with the effects of histamine stimulation and inhibition on cholangiocarcinoma proliferation. A xenograft tumour model was used to measure tumour volume after treatment with histamine or inhibition of histamine synthesis by manipulation of HDC. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was measured in cholangiocarcinoma cells concomitant with the evaluation of the expression of CD31 in endothelial cells in the tumour microenvironment. RESULTS Cholangiocarcinoma cells display (1) enhanced HDC and decreased monoamine oxidase B expression resulting in increased histamine secretion; and (2) increased expression of H1-H4 HRs. Inhibition of HDC and antagonising H1HR decreased histamine secretion in Mz-ChA-1 cells. Long-term treatment with histamine increased proliferation and VEGF expression in cholangiocarcinoma that was blocked by HDC inhibitor and the H1HR antagonist. In nude mice, histamine increased tumour growth (up to 25%) and VEGF expression whereas inhibition of histamine synthesis (by reduction of HDC) ablated the autocrine stimulation of histamine on tumour growth (~80%) and VEGF expression. No changes in angiogenesis (evaluated by changes in CD31 immunoreactivity) were detected in the in vivo treatment groups. CONCLUSION The novel concept that an autocrine loop (consisting of enhanced histamine synthesis by HDC) sustains cholangiocarcinoma growth is proposed. Drug targeting of HDC may be important for treatment of patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Francis
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Scott & White and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA,Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Scott & White and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA,Division of Research and Education, Scott & White and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Scott & White and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA,Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Scott & White and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Julie Venter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Scott & White and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, State University of L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Mellanie White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Scott & White and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, University of the Studies of La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Taylor Francis
- Division of Research and Education, Scott & White and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - John F Greene
- Department of Pathology, Scott & White and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Steve Tran
- Division of Research and Education, Scott & White and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Scott & White and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA,Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Scott & White and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas, USA
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28
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Tekwe CD, Lei J, Yao K, Li X, Rezaei R, Dahanayaka S, Meininger CJ, Carroll RJ, Bazer FW, Wu G. Oral administration of interferon‐τ reduces adiposity in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1120.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Lei
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Kang Yao
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Xilong Li
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | | | | | | | | | - Guoyao Wu
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
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29
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Tekwe CD, Lei J, Yao K, Li X, Rezaei R, Dahanayaka S, Meininger CJ, Carroll RJ, Bazer FW, Wu G. Oral administration of α‐ketoglutarate or interferon‐τ reduces adiposity in diet‐induced obese rats. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.819.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Lei
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Kang Yao
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Xilong Li
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | | | | | | | | | - Guoyao Wu
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
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30
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Tekwe CD, Lei J, Yao K, Li X, Rezaei R, Dahanayaka S, Meininger CJ, Carroll RJ, Bazer FW, Wu G. Oral administration of L‐leucine reduces nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells of rats. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1129.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Lei
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Kang Yao
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Xilong Li
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
| | | | | | | | | | - Guoyao Wu
- Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX
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31
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Haines RJ, Corbin KD, Pendleton LC, Meininger CJ, Eichler DC. Insulin transcriptionally regulates argininosuccinate synthase to maintain vascular endothelial function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:9-14. [PMID: 22452988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diminished vascular endothelial cell nitric oxide (NO) production is a major factor in the complex pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. In this report, we demonstrate that insulin not only maintains endothelial NO production through regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), but also via the regulation of argininosuccinate synthase (AS), which is the rate-limiting step of the citrulline-NO cycle. Using serum starved, cultured vascular endothelial cells, we show that insulin up-regulates AS and eNOS transcription to support NO production. Moreover, we show that insulin enhances NO production in response to physiological cues such as bradykinin. To translate these results to an in vivo model, we show that AS transcription is diminished in coronary endothelial cells isolated from rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Importantly, we demonstrate restoration of AS and eNOS transcription by insulin treatment in STZ-diabetic rats, and show that this restoration was accompanied by improved endothelial function as measured by endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Overall, this report demonstrates, both in cell culture and whole animal studies, that insulin maintains vascular function, in part, through the maintenance of AS transcription, thus ensuring an adequate supply of arginine to maintain vascular endothelial response to physiological cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricci J Haines
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J. Meininger
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Bowers MC, Hargrove LA, Kelly KA, Wu G, Meininger CJ. Tetrahydrobiopterin attenuates superoxide-induced reduction in nitric oxide. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2011; 3:1263-72. [PMID: 21622269 DOI: 10.2741/s224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase, a source of superoxide anion (·O2(-)), can be stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL). We examined whether tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) could reduce OxLDL-induced ·O2(-) production by NADPH oxidase, increasing nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Endothelial cells incubated with OxLDL produced more ·O2(-) (35-67%) than untreated cells, with the highest increase 1 hour after OxLDL addition. The elevated ·O2(-) production correlated with the translocation of the p47phox subunit of NADPH oxidase from the cytosol to the membrane. Cells exhibited a marked decrease in both BH4 (83 per cent) and NO (54 per cent) in the same hour following exposure to OxLDL. An NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, or antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, substantially attenuated the reduction in both BH4 and NO. The ·O2(-) production was increased when cells were pretreated with an inhibitor of BH4 synthesis and decreased following pretreatment with a BH4 precursor, suggesting that NADPH oxidase-induced imbalance of endothelial NO and ·O2(-) production can be modulated by BH4 concentrations. BH4 may be critical in combating oxidative stress, restoring proper redox state, and reducing risk for cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Bowers
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A and M Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
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34
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Francis HL, Onori P, Mancinelli R, Franchitto A, Meng F, Venter J, Renzi A, Meininger CJ, Gaudio E, Alpini G. H1 histamine receptors accelerate the regrowth of the biliary tree after 70% hepatectomy. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.1117.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Onori
- Human Anatomy, Experimental MedicineUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
| | | | | | - Fanyin Meng
- S&W DDRC, R&E, MedicineScott & White/TAMUTempleTX
| | | | - Anastasia Renzi
- Medicine and Human AnatomyTAMUS HSC COM and University of the Studies of RomeTempleTX
| | | | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Human AnatomyUniversity of the Studies of Rome La SapienzaRomeItaly
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- S&W DDRC, Research, Medicine, Central Texas Veterans HCSScott & White and Texas A&M HSC COMTempleTX
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35
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Gashev AA, Davis MJ, Gasheva OY, Nepiushchikh ZV, Wang W, Dougherty P, Kelly KA, Cai S, Von Der Weid PY, Muthuchamy M, Meininger CJ, Zawieja DC. Methods for lymphatic vessel culture and gene transfection. Microcirculation 2011; 16:615-28. [PMID: 19626551 DOI: 10.1080/10739680903120778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop the techniques needed for the specific gene/protein targeting transfection experiments in isolated lymphatic vessels, we completed two major tasks: 1) optimize the experimental conditions to maintain the viability of isolated rat lymphatic vessels in culture for sufficiently long periods of time to permit knockdown or overexpression of selected proteins/genes and 2) develop effective transfection protocols for lymphatic muscle and endothelial cells in intact lymphatic vessels without nonspecific impairment of lymphatic contractile function due to the transfection protocol itself. METHODS Experimental protocols were developed for the maintenance of isolated lymphatic vessels under nonpressurized and pressurized conditions for 3-12 days in culture and for adenoviral gene transfection of the lymphatic muscle and endothelial cells. RESULTS The data demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly developed experimental protocols for the maintenance of isolated rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels and thoracic duct in culture up to 3-12 days without significant impairment of the parameters of their pumping and effective adenoviral/GFP transfection of lymphatic endothelial and muscle cells in isolated rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels. CONCLUSIONS These experimental techniques will extend the set of the modern experimental tools available to researchers investigating the physiology of lymphatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76504, USA.
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36
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Lei X, Feng C, Liu C, Wu G, Meininger CJ, Wang F, Li D, Wang J. Regulation of protein expression by L-arginine in endothelial cells. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2011; 3:655-661. [PMID: 21196403 DOI: 10.2741/s178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
L-Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid for humans and plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular function and antioxidative defense. Previous studies have focused on the important role of L-arginine as a physiological precursor in the generation of nitric oxide and polyamines in endothelial cells (cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels). Because of the rapid development of high-throughput proteomics technology, there is now growing interest in studying roles for L-arginine in modulating endothelial-cell protein expression. Of particular interest, recent proteomics analysis has shown that treatment of coronary venular endothelial cells with a physiological level of L-arginine (e.g., 0.1 mM) increases expression of structural proteins (vimentin and tropomyosin) and cytochrome bc1 complex iii-chain A, while decreasing expression of stress-related proteins (PDZ domain containing-3), in these cells. These findings aid in elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect of physiological levels of L-arginine on the circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100193
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37
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Zuidema MY, Yang Y, Wang M, Kalogeris T, Liu Y, Meininger CJ, Hill MA, Davis MJ, Korthuis RJ. Antecedent hydrogen sulfide elicits an anti-inflammatory phenotype in postischemic murine small intestine: role of BK channels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1554-67. [PMID: 20833953 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01229.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the role of calcium-activated, small (SK), intermediate (IK), and large (BK) conductance potassium channels in initiating the development of an anti-inflammatory phenotype elicited by preconditioning with an exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). Intravital microscopy was used to visualize rolling and firmly adherent leukocytes in vessels of the small intestine of mice preconditioned with NaHS (in the absence and presence of SK, IK, and BK channel inhibitors, apamin, TRAM-34, and paxilline, respectively) or SK/IK (NS-309) or BK channel activators (NS-1619) 24 h before ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). I/R induced marked increases in leukocyte rolling and adhesion, effects that were largely abolished by preconditioning with NaHS, NS-309, or NS-1619. The postischemic anti-inflammatory effects of NaHS-induced preconditioning were mitigated by BKB channel inhibitor treatment coincident with NaHS, but not by apamin or TRAM-34, 24 h before I/R. Confocal imaging and immunohistochemistry were used to demonstrate the presence of BKα subunit staining in both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of isolated, pressurized mesenteric venules. Using patch-clamp techniques, we found that BK channels in cultured endothelial cells were activated after exposure to NaHS. Bath application of the same concentration of NaHS used in preconditioning protocols led to a rapid increase in a whole cell K(+) current; specifically, the component of K(+) current blocked by the selective BK channel antagonist iberiotoxin. The activation of BK current by NaHS could also be demonstrated in single channel recording mode where it was independent of a change in intracellular Ca(+) concentration. Our data are consistent with the concept that H(2)S induces the development of an anti-adhesive state in I/R in part mediated by a BK channel-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozow Y Zuidema
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
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38
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McKnight JR, Satterfield MC, Jobgen WS, Smith SB, Spencer TE, Meininger CJ, McNeal CJ, Wu G. Beneficial effects of L-arginine on reducing obesity: potential mechanisms and important implications for human health. Amino Acids 2010; 39:349-57. [PMID: 20437186 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, growing interest in the biochemistry, nutrition, and pharmacology of L-arginine has led to extensive studies to explore its nutritional and therapeutic roles in treating and preventing human metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence shows that dietary L-arginine supplementation reduces adiposity in genetically obese rats, diet-induced obese rats, finishing pigs, and obese human subjects with Type-2 diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of L-arginine are likely complex, but ultimately involve altering the balance of energy intake and expenditure in favor of fat loss or reduced growth of white adipose tissue. Recent studies indicate that L-arginine supplementation stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and brown adipose tissue development possibly through the enhanced synthesis of cell-signaling molecules (e.g., nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, polyamines, cGMP, and cAMP) as well as the increased expression of genes that promote whole-body oxidation of energy substrates (e.g., glucose and fatty acids) Thus, L-arginine holds great promise as a safe and cost-effective nutrient to reduce adiposity, increase muscle mass, and improve the metabolic profile in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R McKnight
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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39
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Pendleton LC, Thompson RJ, Corbin KD, Meininger CJ, Eichler DC. Insulin Coordinately Regulates Nitric Oxide Synthase and Argininosuccinate Synthase to Maintain Vascular Endothelial Function. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.871.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen D Corbin
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel HillKannapolisNC
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Alfano RW, Leppla SH, Liu S, Bugge TH, Meininger CJ, Lairmore TC, Mulne AF, Davis SH, Duesbery NS, Frankel AE. Matrix metalloproteinase-activated anthrax lethal toxin inhibits endothelial invasion and neovasculature formation during in vitro morphogenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:452-61. [PMID: 19372576 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumor growth is dependent on angiogenesis, the formation of neovasculature from existing vessels. Endothelial activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways is central to this process, and thus presents an attractive target for the development of angiogenesis inhibitors. Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) has potent catalytic mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition activity. Preclinical studies showed that LeTx induced potent tumor growth inhibition via the inhibition of xenograft vascularization. However, LeTx receptors and the essential furin-like activating proteases are expressed in many normal tissues, potentially limiting the specificity of LeTx as an antitumor agent. To circumvent nonspecific LeTx activation and simultaneously enhance tumor vascular targeting, a substrate preferably cleaved by the gelatinases class of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) was substituted for the furin LeTx activation site. In vivo efficacy studies showed that this MMP-activated LeTx inhibited tumor xenografts growth via the reduced migration of endothelial cells into the tumor parenchyma. Here we have expanded on these initial findings by showing that this MMP-activated LeTx reduces endothelial proangiogenic MMP expression, thus causing a diminished proteolytic capacity for extracellular matrix remodeling and endothelial differentiation into capillary networks. Additionally, our data suggest that inhibition of the c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and p38, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, pathways is significant in the antiangiogenic activity of the MMP-activated LeTx. Collectively, these results support the clinical development of the MMP-activated LeTx for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall W Alfano
- Cancer Research Institute of Scott and White, Temple, TX 76502, USA
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41
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Gashev AA, Dougherty P, Gasheva OY, Nepiushchikh ZV, Wang W, Kelly KA, Cai S, Periasamy M, Babu GJ, Meininger CJ, Davis MJ, Muthuchamy M, Zawieja DC. CULTURE OF LYMPHATIC VESSELS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSFECTION TECHNIQUES TO TARGET GENES INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF LYMPHATIC CONTRACTILITY. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.764.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy A. Gashev
- Systems Biology & Translational MedicineTexas A&M Health Science CenterTempleTX
| | - Patrick Dougherty
- Systems Biology & Translational MedicineTexas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX
| | - Olga Yu. Gasheva
- Systems Biology & Translational MedicineTexas A&M Health Science CenterTempleTX
| | - Zhanna V. Nepiushchikh
- Systems Biology & Translational MedicineTexas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX
| | - Wei Wang
- Systems Biology & Translational MedicineTexas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX
| | - Katherine A. Kelly
- Systems Biology & Translational MedicineTexas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX
| | - S. Cai
- Clinical PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - M. Periasamy
- Physiology & Cell BiologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOH
| | - G. J. Babu
- Physiology & Cell BiologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOH
| | | | - Michael J. Davis
- Medical Pharmacology & PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO
| | - Mariappan Muthuchamy
- Systems Biology & Translational MedicineTexas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX
| | - David C. Zawieja
- Systems Biology & Translational MedicineTexas A&M Health Science CenterTempleTX
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Jobgen W, Meininger CJ, Jobgen SC, Li P, Lee MJ, Smith SB, Spencer TE, Fried SK, Wu G. Dietary L-arginine supplementation reduces white fat gain and enhances skeletal muscle and brown fat masses in diet-induced obese rats. J Nutr 2009; 139:230-7. [PMID: 19106310 PMCID: PMC3151442 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.096362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that dietary L-arginine supplementation decreased white fat mass in genetically obese rats. This study tested the effectiveness of L-arginine in diet-induced obesity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 15 wk a high-fat (HF) (40% energy) or low-fat (LF) (10% energy) diet beginning at 4 wk of age, resulting in 18% higher body weight gains and 74% higher weights of major white fat pads (retroperitoneal, epididymal, subcutaneous, and mesenteric adipose tissues) in HF than in LF fed rats. Starting at 19 wk of age, rats in each dietary group were supplemented for 12 wk with 1.51% L-arginine-HCl or 2.55% L-alanine (isonitrogenous control) (n = 8 per treatment) in drinking water and arginine groups were individually pair-fed to alanine controls. Despite similar energy intake, absolute weights of white fat pads increased by 98% in control rats over a 12-wk period but only by 35% in arginine-supplemented rats. The arginine treatment reduced the relative weights of white fat pads by 30% and enhanced those of soleus muscle by 13%, extensor digitorum longus muscle by 11%, and brown fat by 34% compared with control rats. Serum concentrations of insulin, adiponectin, growth hormone, corticosterone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine did not differ between control and arginine-supplemented rats. However, arginine treatment resulted in lower serum concentrations of leptin, glucose, triglycerides, urea, glutamine, and branched-chain amino acids, higher serum concentrations of nitric-oxide metabolites, and improvement in glucose tolerance. Thus, dietary arginine supplementation shifts nutrient partitioning to promote muscle over fat gain and may provide a useful treatment for improving the metabolic profile and reducing body white fat in diet-induced obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Jobgen
- Faculty of Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504; and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Cynthia J. Meininger
- Faculty of Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504; and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Scott C. Jobgen
- Faculty of Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504; and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Peng Li
- Faculty of Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504; and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Faculty of Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504; and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Stephen B. Smith
- Faculty of Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504; and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Thomas E. Spencer
- Faculty of Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504; and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Susan K. Fried
- Faculty of Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504; and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Faculty of Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504; and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Abstract
Obesity and type-II diabetes are growing major health issues worldwide. They are the leading risk factors for vascular insulin resistance, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in developed nations. Recent studies have shown that reduced synthesis of nitric oxide (NO; a major vasodilator) from L-arginine in endothelial cells is a major factor contributing to the impaired action of insulin in the vasculature of obese and diabetic subjects. The decreased NO generation results from a deficiency of (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin [BH4; an essential cofactor for NO synthase (NOS)], as well as increased generation of glucosamine (an inhibitor of the pentose cycle for the production of NADPH, another cofactor for NOS) from glucose and L-glutamine. Accordingly, endothelial dysfunction can be prevented by (1) enhancement of BH4 synthesis through supplementation of its precursor (sepiapterin) via the salvage pathway; (2) transfer of the gene for GTP cyclohydrolase-I (the first and key regulatory enzyme for de novo synthesis of BH4); or (3) dietary supplementation of L-arginine (which stimulates GTP cyclohydrolase-I expression and inhibits hexosamine production). Modulation of the arginine-NO pathway by BH4 and arginine is beneficial for ameliorating vascular insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA.
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Sánchez FA, Kim DD, Durán RG, Meininger CJ, Durán WN. Internalization of eNOS via caveolae regulates PAF-induced inflammatory hyperpermeability to macromolecules. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1642-8. [PMID: 18708444 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00629.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) is thought to regulate microvascular permeability via NO production. We tested the hypotheses that the expression of eNOS and eNOS endocytosis by caveolae are fundamental for appropriate signaling mechanisms in inflammatory endothelial permeability to macromolecules. We used bovine coronary postcapillary venular endothelial cells (CVECs) because these cells are derived from the microvascular segment responsible for the transport of macromolecules in inflammation. We stimulated CVECs with platelet-activating factor (PAF) at 100 nM and measured eNOS phosphorylation, NO production, and CVEC monolayer permeability to FITC-dextran 70 KDa (Dx-70). PAF translocated eNOS from plasma membrane to cytosol, induced changes in the phosphorylation state of the enzyme, and increased NO production from 4.3+/-3.8 to 467+/-22.6 nM. PAF elevated CVEC monolayer permeability to FITC-Dx-70 from 3.4+/-0.3 x 10(-6) to 8.5+/-0.4 x 10(-6) cm/s. The depletion of endogenous eNOS with small interfering RNA abolished PAF-induced hyperpermeability, demonstrating that the expression of eNOS is required for inflammatory hyperpermeability responses. The inhibition of the caveolar internalization by blocking caveolar scission using transfection of dynamin dominant-negative mutant, dyn2K44A, inhibited PAF-induced hyperpermeability to FITC-Dx-70. We interpret these data as evidence that 1) eNOS is required for hyperpermeability to macromolecules and 2) the internalization of eNOS via caveolae is an important mechanism in the regulation of endothelial permeability. We advance the novel concept that eNOS internalization to cytosol is a signaling mechanism for the onset of microvascular hyperpermeability in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola A Sánchez
- Program in Vascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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45
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Sanchez FA, Kim DD, Duran RG, Meininger CJ, Duran WN. eNOS Internalization Mediated by Caveolar Endocytosis Regulates Microvascular Permeability. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.926.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David D Kim
- Pharmacology and PhysiologyUMDNJ‐New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ
| | - Ricardo G Duran
- Pharmacology and PhysiologyUMDNJ‐New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ
| | | | - Walter N Duran
- Pharmacology and PhysiologyUMDNJ‐New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ
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46
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Wu G, Collins JK, Perkins-Veazie P, Siddiq M, Dolan KD, Kelly KA, Heaps CL, Meininger CJ. Dietary supplementation with watermelon pomace juice enhances arginine availability and ameliorates the metabolic syndrome in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. J Nutr 2007; 137:2680-5. [PMID: 18029483 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.12.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Watermelon is rich in L-citrulline, an effective precursor of L-arginine. This study was conducted to determine whether dietary supplementation with watermelon pomace juice could ameliorate the metabolic syndrome in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat, an animal model of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Nine-week-old ZDF rats were assigned randomly to receive drinking water containing 0% (control) or 0.2% L-arginine (as 0.24% L-arginine-HCl), 63% watermelon pomace juice, 0.01% lycopene, or 0.05% citrus pectin (n = 6 per treatment). At the end of the 4-wk supplementation period, blood samples, aortic rings, and hearts were obtained for biochemical and physiological analyses. Feed or energy intakes did not differ among the 5 groups of rats. However, dietary supplementation with watermelon pomace juice or L-arginine increased serum concentrations of arginine; reduced fat accretion; lowered serum concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids, homocysteine, and dimethylarginines; enhanced GTP cyclohydrolase-I activity and tetrahydrobiopterin concentrations in the heart; and improved acetylcholine-induced vascular relaxation. Compared with the control, dietary supplementation with lycopene or citrus pectin did not affect any measured parameter. These results provide the first evidence to our knowledge for a beneficial effect of watermelon pomace juice as a functional food for increasing arginine availability, reducing serum concentrations of cardiovascular risk factors, improving glycemic control, and ameliorating vascular dysfunction in obese animals with type-II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Faculty of Nutrition and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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47
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Wu G, Bazer FW, Cudd TA, Jobgen WS, Kim SW, Lassala A, Li P, Matis JH, Meininger CJ, Spencer TE. Pharmacokinetics and safety of arginine supplementation in animals. J Nutr 2007; 137:1673S-1680S. [PMID: 17513446 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.6.1673s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticipating the future use of arginine to enhance fetal and neonatal growth as well as to treat diabetes and obesity, we performed studies in pigs, rats, and sheep to determine the pharmacokinetics of orally or i.v. administered arginine and the safety of its chronic supplementation. Our results indicate that all 3 species rapidly catabolized the supplemental arginine. The elevated circulating concentrations of arginine generally returned to baseline levels within 4-5 h after administration, with the rates varying with the age and physiological status of the animals. The clearance of arginine was greater in pregnant than in nonpregnant animals, in young than in adult animals, in lean than in obese animals, and in type-1 diabetic than in nondiabetic animals. I.v. administration of arginine-HCl to pregnant ewes (at least 0.081 g arginine.kg body weight-1.d-1) did not result in any undesirable treatment-related effect. Neonatal pigs, growing-finishing pigs, pregnant pigs, and adult rats tolerated large amounts of chronic supplemental arginine (e.g. 0.62, 0.32, 0.21, and 2.14 g.kg body weight-1.d-1, respectively) administered via enteral diets without the appearance of any adverse effect. On the basis of the comparative studies and a consideration of species differences in food intake per kilogram body weight, we estimate that a 70-kg human subject should be able to tolerate long-term parenteral and enteral supplemental doses of 6 and 15 g/d arginine, respectively, in addition to a basal amount of arginine (4-6 g/d) from regular diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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48
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Jobgen WS, Meininger CJ, Smith SB, Spencer TE, Jobgen SC, Lee M, Fried SK, Wu G. Dietary arginine supplementation reduces fat mass in diet‐induced‐obese rats by improving glucose and fatty acid metabolism. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a328-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan S Jobgen
- Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Animal ScienceCollege StationTX77843
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Texas A&M Health Science CenterDepartment of Systems Biology and Translational MedicineTempleTX76504
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Animal ScienceCollege StationTX77843
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Animal ScienceCollege StationTX77843
| | - Scott C Jobgen
- Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Animal ScienceCollege StationTX77843
| | - Mi‐Jeong Lee
- University of Maryland, School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201
| | - Susan K Fried
- University of Maryland, School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21201
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Animal ScienceCollege StationTX77843
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49
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Rojas JD, Sennoune SR, Maiti D, Bakunts K, Reuveni M, Sanka SC, Martinez GM, Seftor EA, Meininger CJ, Wu G, Wesson DE, Hendrix MJC, Martínez-Zaguilán R. Vacuolar-type H+-ATPases at the plasma membrane regulate pH and cell migration in microvascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H1147-57. [PMID: 16679513 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00166.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis are exposed to an acidic environment that is not conducive for growth and survival. These cells must exhibit a dynamic intracellular (cytosolic) pH (pHcyt) regulatory mechanism to cope with acidosis, in addition to the ubiquitous Na+/H+exchanger and HCO3−-based H+-transporting systems. We hypothesize that the presence of plasmalemmal vacuolar-type proton ATPases (pmV-ATPases) allows microvascular endothelial cells to better cope with this acidic environment and that pmV-ATPases are required for cell migration. This study indicates that microvascular endothelial cells, which are more migratory than macrovascular endothelial cells, express pmV-ATPases. Spectral imaging microscopy indicates a more alkaline pHcytat the leading than at the lagging edge of microvascular endothelial cells. Treatment of microvascular endothelial cells with V-ATPase inhibitors decreases the proton fluxes via pmV-ATPases and cell migration. These data suggest that pmV-ATPases are essential for pHcytregulation and cell migration in microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Rojas
- Department of Physiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St., Lubbock, TX 79430-6551, USA
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50
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Jobgen WS, Fried SK, Fu WJ, Meininger CJ, Wu G. Regulatory role for the arginine–nitric oxide pathway in metabolism of energy substrates. J Nutr Biochem 2006; 17:571-88. [PMID: 16524713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Revised: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthase in virtually all cell types. Emerging evidence shows that NO regulates the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids in mammals. As an oxidant, pathological levels of NO inhibit nearly all enzyme-catalyzed reactions through protein oxidation. However, as a signaling molecule, physiological levels of NO stimulate glucose uptake as well as glucose and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, heart, liver and adipose tissue; inhibit the synthesis of glucose, glycogen, and fat in target tissues (e.g., liver and adipose); and enhance lipolysis in adipocytes. Thus, an inhibition of NO synthesis causes hyperlipidemia and fat accretion in rats, whereas dietary arginine supplementation reduces fat mass in diabetic fatty rats. The putative underlying mechanisms may involve multiple cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate-dependent pathways. First, NO stimulates the phosphorylation of adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, resulting in (1) a decreased level of malonyl-CoA via inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and activation of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase and (2) a decreased expression of genes related to lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase). Second, NO increases the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipins, leading to the translocation of the lipase to the neutral lipid droplets and, hence, the stimulation of lipolysis. Third, NO activates expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha, thereby enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Fourth, NO increases blood flow to insulin-sensitive tissues, promoting substrate uptake and product removal via the circulation. Modulation of the arginine-NO pathway through dietary supplementation with L-arginine or L-citrulline may aid in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome in obese humans and companion animals, and in reducing unfavorable fat mass in animals of agricultural importance.
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