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Hesselberg J, Pedersen S, Grønhøj A. Meat reduction meets family reality: Negotiating sustainable diets in households with adolescents. Appetite 2024; 195:107213. [PMID: 38242360 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Limited research exists on how the transition towards more sustainable eating takes place at the meso-level of family decision-making, or how children and adolescents engage in and possibly influence the process towards more sustainable diets in families. In this paper, we study how public recommendations that encourage reducing the consumption of meat for the benefit of both health and climate are interpreted, negotiated, and acted upon in Danish families with adolescents (aged 15-20) residing at home. We use novel methodological stimuli, including vignettes and a visual sorting task, embedded in qualitative, in-depth interviews to elicit data on parents' and adolescents' everyday meat consumption/reduction behaviours. Findings reveal that a desire to uphold harmony and family cohesion serves as simultaneous drivers and barriers to reducing meat consumption. Further, we identify barriers to change in the gendered work hidden in the tasks of planning the integration of more sustainable, green dishes into the meal repertoires. Implications are drawn for social marketers, marketers, and public policymakers, encouraging these to use insights into family food decision-making processes as a lever to facilitate the needed green transition of diets in family households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hesselberg
- Department of Management, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 4, 8210, Aarhus V, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Pedersen
- Department of Management, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 4, 8210, Aarhus V, Denmark.
| | - Alice Grønhøj
- Department of Management, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 4, 8210, Aarhus V, Denmark.
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Arya P, Sharma V, Thapliyal S, Sagar R, Singh P. Preclinical models of atherosclerosis: An overview. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2024; 27:535-542. [PMID: 38629090 PMCID: PMC11017846 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.74352.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a primary cause of illness and death globally and its mechanism is still unclear. Different animal models have been created to evaluate the progression of atherosclerosis, allowing researchers to carefully control the circumstances of the experiment as well as the nutrition and environmental risk factors. To investigate the negative effects of various interventions, pathophysiological alterations might be generated utilizing genetic or pharmacological methods. These models' molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms have been clarified through experiments, and they have served as platforms for the creation of new drugs. Different models can be employed to address various research problems, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. In the current review study, various species of atherosclerosis models are discussed, along with the viability of using them in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Arya
- Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Vikram Sharma
- Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Surabhi Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | | | - Priyanka Singh
- Galgotias College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, U.P., India
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Bhuiyan NZ, Hasan MK, Mahmud Z, Hossain MS, Rahman A. Prevention of Alzheimer's disease through diet: An exploratory review. Metabol Open 2023; 20:100257. [PMID: 37781687 PMCID: PMC10539673 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This exploratory review article describes about the genetic factors behind Alzheimer's disease (AD), their association with foods, and their relationships with cognitive impairment. It explores the dietary patterns and economic challenges in AD prevention. Methods Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles that examined the relationships between Diets, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and Socioeconomic conditions in preventative Alzheimer's disease studies. Graphs and Network analysis data were taken from Scopus under the MeSH search method, including words, Alzheimer's, APoE4, Tau protein, APP, Amyloid precursor protein, Beta-Amyloid, Aβ, Mediterranean Diet, MD, DASH diet, MIND diet, SES, Socioeconomic, Developed country, Underdeveloped country, Preventions. The network analysis was done through VOS viewer. Results Mediterranean diet (MD) accurately lowers AD (Alzheimer's Disease) risk to 53% and 35% for people who follow it moderately. MIND scores had a statistically significant reduction in AD rate compared to those in the lowest tertial (53% and 35% reduction, respectively). Subjects with the highest adherence to the MD and DASH had a 54% and 39% lower risk of developing AD, respectively, compared to those in the lowest tertial. Omega-6, PUFA, found in nuts and fish, can play most roles in the clearance of Aβ. Vitamin D inhibits induced fibrillar Aβ apoptosis. However, the high cost of these diet components rise doubt about the effectiveness of AD prevention through healthy diets. Conclusion The finding of this study revealed an association between diet and the effects of the chemical components of foods on AD biomarkers. More research is required to see if nutrition is a risk or a protective factor for Alzheimer's disease to encourage research to be translated into therapeutic practice and to clarify nutritional advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Zahan Bhuiyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sabbir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Okekunle AP, Lee H, Provido SMP, Chung GH, Hong S, Yu SH, Lee CB, Lee JE. Dietary intakes of branched-chain amino acids and plasma lipid profiles among filipino women in Korea: the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL). Nutr J 2023; 22:34. [PMID: 37430285 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential role of dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in metabolic health, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is evolving, and it is yet to be understood if dietary BCAA intakes are associated with plasma lipid profiles or dyslipidaemia. This study tested the association of dietary BCAA intakes with plasma lipid profiles and dyslipidaemia among Filipino women in Korea. METHODS Energy-adjusted dietary BCAA intakes (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and total BCAA) and fasting blood profiles of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined in a sample of 423 women enrolled in the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL). The generalized linear model was applied to estimate least-square (LS) means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and compare plasma TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C across tertile distribution of energy-adjusted dietary BCAA intakes at P < 0.05. RESULTS Mean of energy-adjusted dietary total BCAA intake was 8.3 ± 3.9 g/d. Average plasma lipid profiles were 88.5 ± 47.4 mg/dl for TG, 179.7 ± 34.5 mg/dl for TC, 58.0 ± 13.7 mg/dl for HDL-C, and 104.0 ± 30.5 mg/dl for LDL-C. LS means, and 95% CIs across tertiles of energy-adjusted total BCAA intakes were 89.9 mg/dl, 88.8 mg/dl and 85.8 mg/dl (P-trend = 0.45) for TG, 179.1 mg/dl, 183.6 mg/dl and 176.5 mg/dl (P-trend = 0.48) for TC, 57.5 mg/dl, 59.6 mg/dl and 57.1 mg/dl (P-trend = 0.75) for HDL-C and 103.6 mg/dl, 106.2 mg/dl and 102.3 mg/dl (P-trend = 0.68) for LDL-C. Furthermore, the multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for dyslipidaemia across increasing tertile distribution of energy-adjusted total BCAA intake were; 1.00, 0.67 (0.40, 1.13) and 0.45 (0.16, 1.27; P-trend = 0.03) for the first, second and third tertile, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Higher dietary intakes of BCAA presented a statistically significant inverse trend with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia among Filipino women in this study and testing these associations in longitudinal studies may be necessary to confirm these findings.
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Grants
- 2020H1D3A1A04081265 National Research Foundation of Korea
- 2020H1D3A1A04081265 National Research Foundation of Korea
- 0448A-2021077 Seoul National University Asia Center
- 201300000001270 Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Korea
- 201300000001270 Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Korea
- 201300000001270 Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Korea
- 201300000001270 Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Korea
- 201600000000225 Chong Kun Dang Pharm., Seoul, Korea
- 201600000000225 Chong Kun Dang Pharm., Seoul, Korea
- 201600000000225 Chong Kun Dang Pharm., Seoul, Korea
- 201600000000225 Chong Kun Dang Pharm., Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak- ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Heejin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak- ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sherlyn Mae P Provido
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak- ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Grace H Chung
- Department of Child Development & Family Studies, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sangmo Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, Korea
| | - Chang Beom Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, 11923, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak- ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Kim KN, Shin MK. Association of Infant Feeding Characteristics With Dietary Patterns and Obesity in Korean Childhood. J Prev Med Public Health 2023; 56:338-347. [PMID: 37551072 PMCID: PMC10415650 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.22.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Young children's feeding characteristics can play an important role in eating habits and health during later childhood. This study was conducted to examine the associations of feeding characteristics with dietary patterns and obesity in children. METHODS This study utilized data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2013 and 2017. In total, 802 toddlers were included, with information on their demographic characteristics, feeding practices and duration, and 24-hour recall obtained from their parents. Feeding characteristics were categorized into feeding type, duration of total breastfeeding, duration of total formula feeding, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and age when starting formula feeding. Dietary patterns were identified based on factor loadings for the food groups for 3 major factors, with "vegetables & traditional," "fish & carbohydrates," and "sweet & fat" patterns. Overweight/obesity was defined as ≥85th percentile in body mass index based on the 2017 Korean National Growth charts for children and adolescents. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine associations between feeding characteristics and dietary patterns. The association between dietary patterns and obesity was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The early introduction of formula feeding was inversely associated with the "vegetables & traditional" pattern (β=-0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.34 to -0.02). A higher "vegetables & traditional" intake was associated with a lower risk of obesity (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.95). CONCLUSIONS Feeding characteristics are associated with dietary patterns in later childhood, and dietary patterns were shown to have a potential protective association against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Moon-Kyung Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul,
Korea
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Liu Y, Zhong W, Li X, Shen F, Ma X, Yang Q, Hong S, Sun Y. Diets, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. Phenomics 2023; 3:268-284. [PMID: 37325710 PMCID: PMC10260722 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota refers to the gross collection of microorganisms, estimated trillions of them, which reside within the gut and play crucial roles in the absorption and digestion of dietary nutrients. In the past decades, the new generation 'omics' (metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) technologies made it possible to precisely identify microbiota and metabolites and describe their variability between individuals, populations and even different time points within the same subjects. With massive efforts made, it is now generally accepted that the gut microbiota is a dynamically changing population, whose composition is influenced by the hosts' health conditions and lifestyles. Diet is one of the major contributors to shaping the gut microbiota. The components in the diets vary in different countries, religions, and populations. Some special diets have been adopted by people for hundreds of years aiming for better health, while the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recent studies based on volunteers or diet-treated animals demonstrated that diets can greatly and rapidly change the gut microbiota. The unique pattern of the nutrients from the diets and their metabolites produced by the gut microbiota has been linked with the occurrence of diseases, including obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, neural diseases, and more. This review will summarize the recent progress and current understanding of the effects of different dietary patterns on the composition of gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites, and their effects on the host's metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Wanglei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442001 Hubei China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yan Sun
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501 USA
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Hashimoto Y, Takahashi F, Okamura T, Hamaguchi M, Fukui M. Diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy for sarcopenia in people with diabetes. Metabolism 2023; 144:155585. [PMID: 37156410 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes prevalence is increasing rapidly in older people, and sarcopenia is prevalent as a novel complication, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, sarcopenia prevention and treatment in these people is necessary. Diabetes accelerates sarcopenia through several mechanisms, such as hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. The effects of diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy on sarcopenia in patients with T2DM need to be considered. In diet, low intake of energy, protein, vitamin D, and ω-3 fatty acid are associated with sarcopenia risk. In exercises, although intervention studies in people, especially older and non-obese patients with diabetes, are few, accumulating evidence shows the usefulness of exercise, particularly resistance exercise for muscle mass and strength, and aerobic exercise for physical performance in sarcopenia. In pharmacotherapy, certain classes of anti-diabetes compounds have possibility of preventing sarcopenia. However, much data on diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy were obtained in obese and non-elderly patients with T2DM, demanding actual clinical data on non-obese and older patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, 5-55 Sotojima-cho, Moriguchi 570-8540, Japan.
| | - Fuyuko Takahashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
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Ribeiro CCDU, Cordeiro MD, Cepeda PB, Valim JRA, Fonseca AH, de Azevedo Baêta B. Artificial feeding of Ornithodoros rostratus using a silicone membrane system. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1213-1219. [PMID: 36897382 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro feeding of ticks facilitates the conduction of studies involving the intrinsic vector-pathogen relationship, susceptibility tests, and resistance to acaricides, in addition to mimicking the use of experimental hosts. The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro feeding system using silicone membranes to supply various diets to the species Ornithodoros rostratus. Each experimental group included 130 first-instar O. rostratus nymphs. The groups were divided according to the diet provided: citrated rabbit blood, citrated bovine blood, bovine blood with antibiotics, and defibrinated bovine blood. The control group was fed directly on rabbits. Ticks were weighed before and after the feeding and monitored individually according to their biological parameters. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the proposed system was efficient in terms of fixation stimulus and satisfactory in terms of tick engorgement, which would allow the maintenance of O. rostratus colonies by using artificial feeding through silicone membranes. All diets provided were efficient for the maintenance of colonies, but the ticks that received citrated rabbit blood displayed similar biological parameters to those observed under in vivo feeding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Dias Cordeiro
- Practice in Sustainable Development Post Graduation Program, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. .,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23891-000, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Barizon Cepeda
- Veterinary Sciences Post Graduation Program, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Adivaldo Henrique Fonseca
- Veterinary Sciences Post Graduation Program, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Bruna de Azevedo Baêta
- Veterinary Sciences Post Graduation Program, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
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Mao Z, Troeschel AN, Judd S, Shikany JM, Levitan EB, Safford MM, Bostick RM. Association of an evolutionary-concordance lifestyle pattern score with incident CVD among Black and White men and women. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-10. [PMID: 35942870 PMCID: PMC9908773 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dietary and lifestyle evolutionary discordance is hypothesised to play a role in the aetiology of CVD, including CHD and stroke. We aimed to investigate associations of a previously reported, total (dietary plus lifestyle) evolutionary-concordance (EC) pattern score with incident CVD, CHD and stroke. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to investigate associations of the EC score with CVD, CHD and stroke incidence among USA Black and White men and women ≥45 years old in the prospective REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (2003-2017). The EC score comprised seven equally weighted components: a previously reported dietary EC score (using Block 98 FFQ data) and six lifestyle characteristics (alcohol intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, waist circumference, smoking history and social network size). A higher score indicates a more evolutionary-concordant dietary/lifestyle pattern. Of the 15 467 participants in the analytic cohort without a CVD diagnosis at baseline, 1563 were diagnosed with CVD (967 with CHD and 596 with stroke) during follow-up (median 11·0 years). Among participants in the highest relative to the lowest EC score quintile, the multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios and their 95 % CI for CVD, CHD and stroke were, respectively, 0·73 (0·62, 0·86; Ptrend < 0·001), 0·72 (0·59, 0·89; Ptrend < 0·001) and 0·76 (0·59, 0·98; Ptrend = 0·01). The results were similar by sex and race. Our findings support that a more evolutionary-concordant diet and lifestyle pattern may be associated with lower risk of CVD, CHD and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alyssa N. Troeschel
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suzanne Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M. Shikany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Emily B. Levitan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Roberd M. Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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10
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Thibault R. The nutritional care is the matter of all! Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1847-1848. [PMID: 35817626 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Thibault
- Unité de Nutrition, CHU Rennes, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute, NuMeCan, Rennes, France.
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11
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Mukherjee R, Pandey S, Ghosh A, Aich P. Effects of starch-rich or fat-rich diets on metabolism, adiposity, and glycemia in immune-biased, C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022;:109086. [PMID: 35691592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diet is an essential factor to maintain health by regulating host metabolism and immunity. Host immunity acts as a critical regulator of metabolic changes. By using differentially immune-biased mice C57BL/6 and BALB/c, we demonstrated the metabolic consequence of consuming diets rich in non-resistant starch (starch-rich), unsaturated fat (sunflower oil-rich), and saturated fat (coconut oil-rich) for shorter (four weeks) or longer (eight weeks) duration. Time kinetics of various diets on two differentially immune-biased mice revealed that starch-rich and unsaturated fat-rich diets reduced insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adiposity in BALB/c mice. In contrast, a saturated fat-rich diet enhanced both parameters. In C57BL/6 mice, a fat-rich diet enhanced IR with time while visceral adiposity remained unchanged. Eight weeks' consumption of a saturated fat-rich diet led to the highest visceral adiposity in C57BL/6 mice, while the same diet resulted in the maximum IR in BALB/c mice. The current report presented a detailed metabolomic analysis of treatments with various diets using a) uni- and b) multi-variate analyses. We also calculated the differential index for each treatment for each mouse strain using a vector analysis of the multivariate linear discriminant data. The outcome of the vector analysis of metabolite profiles identified metabolites that affected lipid and glucose metabolism to establish the inter-strain physiological differences.
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Abstract
There are many nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Nonmodifiable risk factors include age, genetics, epigenetics, and social determinants of health (including education level, socioeconomic status, and noise and arsenic exposure). Modifiable risk factors include obesity, the microbiome, diet, cigarette smoking, sleep duration, sleep quality, and sedentary behavior. Major lifestyle interventions to prevent and treat diabetes relate to these risk factors. Weight loss is the lifestyle intervention with the largest benefit for both preventing and treating diabetes. Exercise, even without weight loss, significantly reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
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13
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Saavedra JM. The Changing Landscape of Children's Diet and Nutrition: New Threats, New Opportunities. Ann Nutr Metab 2022; 78 Suppl 2:40-50. [PMID: 35609530 DOI: 10.1159/000524328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last 30-40 years, we have seen an improvement in global child undernutrition, with major reductions in wasting and stunting. Meanwhile, childhood obesity has dramatically increased, initially in high-income populations and subsequently in the more economically vulnerable. These trends are related to significant changes in diet and external factors, including new environmental threats. SUMMARY Obesity rates first increased in older children, then gradually in infants. And in the next couple of years, there will be more overweight and obese than moderately or severely underweight children in the world. The changes in childhood nutritional landscape are a result of poor diets. Today, almost 50% of the world's population consumes either too many or too few calories. Dietary disparities between countries result in disparities of under- and overnutrition and impact the global health landscape. Most children with obesity, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies live in lower income countries and in lower income families within any country. High energy-low nutrient diets are contributing to the increase in non-communicable diseases, which will manifest later in this generation of children. In 1990, child wasting was the #1 leading risk factor for mortality for all ages, and high BMI was #16; today, they are #11 and #5, respectively. COVID-19 and climate change are new major threats to global nutrition. Current and future efforts to improve the state of child nutrition require multisectoral approaches to reprioritize actions which address current trends and emerging threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Saavedra
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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14
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Løvhaug AL, Granheim SI, Djojosoeparto SK, Harrington JM, Kamphuis CBM, Poelman MP, Roos G, Sawyer A, Stronks K, Torheim LE, Twohig C, Vandevijvere S, van Lenthe FJ, Terragni L. The potential of food environment policies to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in diets and to improve healthy diets among lower socioeconomic groups: an umbrella review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:433. [PMID: 35246074 PMCID: PMC8895543 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequalities in diets need to be tackled to improve population diets and prevent obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases. The potential of food environment policies to reduce such inequalities has to date however not been appraised. The objective of this umbrella review was to assess the impact of food environment policies on socioeconomic inequalities in diets and to identify knowledge gaps in the existing literature, using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index as a conceptual framework. The policies considered in the umbrella review are within six domains: 1) food composition 2) food labelling 3) food promotion 4) food provision 5) food retail 6) food pricing. A systematic search for systematic literature reviews on the effect of food environment policies on dietary-related outcomes across socioeconomic groups and published in English between 2004 and 2019 was conducted. Sixteen systematic literature reviews encompassing 159 primary studies were included, covering food composition (n = 2), food labelling (n = 3), food provision (n = 2), food prices (n = 13) and food in retail (n = 4). Quality assessment using the “Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews” quality rating scale showed that review quality was mainly low or critically low. Results suggest that food taxation may reduce socioeconomic inequalities in diets. For all other policy areas, the evidence base was poor. Current research largely fails to provide good quality evidence on impacts of food environment policies on socioeconomic inequalities in diets. Research to fill this knowledge gap is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lene Løvhaug
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sabrina Ionata Granheim
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Sanne K Djojosoeparto
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janas M Harrington
- HRB Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carlijn B M Kamphuis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maartje P Poelman
- Chair group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gun Roos
- Consumption Research Norway (SIFO), OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexia Sawyer
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liv Elin Torheim
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cliona Twohig
- HRB Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Frank J van Lenthe
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Terragni
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Wang L, Zhang S, Johnston LJ, Levesque CL, Yin J, Dong B. A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary fat effects on reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:12. [PMID: 35130973 PMCID: PMC8822652 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of added fat in sow diets on the sows’ reproductive performance and offspring growth performance are influenced by multiple factors such as genetics, nutrition, parity, ambient temperatures, and farm management. Individual studies cannot cover all these factors. With the view to address this challenge, we searched all studies that were published from 1986 to 2020, and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the fat effect. In total, 19 papers were collected and analyzed. Fat supplementation in sow diets during late gestation and lactation decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI, P < 0.05) and tended to increase average daily energy intake (ADEI, P = 0.11). It had no impact on litter weights at birth (P = 0.40) or weaning (P = 0.46). It increased total numbers of piglets at birth (P = 0.07), but had no effect on liveborn per litter (P = 0.90) or survival rate (P = 0.48) of piglets to weaning. Fat supplementation had no significant effect on sow body weight loss (P = 0.67) or backfat thickness changes (P = 0.66), but sows fed diets with added fat had increased milk fat concentration (P = 0.03) and shorter wean to estrus intervals (WEI, P = 0.01). In specific circumstances, fat supplementation tended to improve growth performance of piglets with low litter weights at birth (P = 0.14), or when the sows lost large amounts of body weight during lactation (P = 0.11). The level of supplemented fat was 10% and higher would decrease liveborn per litter at neutral temperature (P = 0.10). The meta-analysis revealed that fat supplementation to sows diet during late gestation and lactation can be beneficial for sow reproductive performance and litter growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lee J Johnston
- West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN, 56267, USA
| | - Crystal L Levesque
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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16
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Wink L, Miller RA, Garcia GG. Rapamycin, Acarbose and 17α-estradiol share common mechanisms regulating the MAPK pathways involved in intracellular signaling and inflammation. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:8. [PMID: 35105357 PMCID: PMC8805398 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapamycin (Rapa), acarbose (ACA), and 17α-estradiol (17aE2, males only) have health benefits that increase lifespan of mice. Little is known about how these three agents alter the network of pathways downstream of insulin/IGF1 signals as well as inflammatory/stress responses. RESULTS ACA, Rapa, and 17aE2 (in males, but not in females) oppose age-related increases in the MEK1- ERK1/2-MNK1/2 cascade, and thus reduce phosphorylation of eIF4E, a key component of cap-dependent translation. In parallel, these treatments (in both sexes) reduce age-related increases in the MEK3-p38MAPK-MK2 pathway, to decrease levels of the acute phase response proteins involved in inflammation. CONCLUSION Each of three drugs converges on the regulation of both the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and the p38-MAPK pathway. The changes induced by treatments in ERK1/2 signaling are seen in both sexes, but the 17aE2 effects are male-specific, consistent with the effects on lifespan. However, the inhibition of age-dependent p38MAPK pathways and acute phase responses is triggered in both sexes by all three drugs, suggesting new approaches to prevention or reversal of age-related inflammatory changes in a clinical setting independent of lifespan effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Wink
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan College of Literature Science and The Arts, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Room 3005 BSRB, Box 2200, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | - Gonzalo G. Garcia
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA
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17
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Badi N, Cruz-Monserrate Z. Murine Model of Obesity-Induced Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2435:195-201. [PMID: 34993948 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2014-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of multiple cancers. In efforts to develop models that will assist the scientific community in studying the mechanisms of this risk, a diet-induced obesity model of obesity is often utilized. Here we describe the use of diet-induced obesity (DIO) diets to study the effects of high-fat diet weight gain in the context of cancer mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Badi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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18
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Thibault R, Bischoff SC. Reply to - Letter to the editor by Zhang et al entitled 'ESPEN guideline on hospital diet nutrition'. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:571. [PMID: 35000769 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Thibault
- Unité de Nutrition, CHU Rennes, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute, NuMeCan, Rennes, France.
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
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19
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Ullah A, Shahzad MF, Iqbal J, Baloch MS. Nutritional effects of supplementary diets on brood development, biological activities and honey production of Apis mellifera L. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6861-6868. [PMID: 34866986 PMCID: PMC8626248 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research work was conducted to assess the impact of nutrient-enriched diet on the physiological activities and subsequently honey yield. Eighteen colonies of Apis mellifera L. were selected from Dera Ismail Khan region, KPK, Pakistan, during the winter and summer seasons, 2019-2020. Five pollen supplement diets were prepared and provided to screen out the palatable one to be fed as pollen alternative nutrition to bee bread. Results of diet consumption regarding mean data for consumption rate displayed that soybean flour enriched artificial diet was maximally consumed (74.34 g) by honey bees per week. Minimum consumption was observed for grinded groundnut enriched diet (64.62 g) which was relatively lesser than the other tested artificial diets. Results of area of worker brood disclosed that soybean flour fortified diet (1489.27 cm2/colony) statistically noteworthy than the other artificial diets whereas control (463.51 cm2/colony) was least effective. Highest bee strength (10.00 bee frames/colony) was noted in the bee colonies fed with soybean flour fortified diet, date paste (8.0 bee frames/colony) was the next effective one, among the tested pollen replacement diets whereas relatively least (5 bee frames/colony) was noticed in case of grinded groundnut. Highest body weight (12.41 g) of neonate bees was noted in case of soybean enriched diet while lowermost (5.31 g) was noted in control bees. Results of wax cell built up and foraging efficiency were also superior in artificial diets than respective control bees. Hence, artificial diets especially soybean-enriched pollen alternative diet can boost up the physiology of honey bee leading to increased honey yield and profit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Ullah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, KP, Pakistan
| | | | - Jamshaid Iqbal
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, KP, Pakistan
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20
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Thibault R, Abbasoglu O, Ioannou E, Meija L, Ottens-Oussoren K, Pichard C, Rothenberg E, Rubin D, Siljamäki-Ojansuu U, Vaillant MF, Bischoff SC. ESPEN guideline on hospital nutrition. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5684-5709. [PMID: 34742138 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In hospitals through Europe and worldwide, the practices regarding hospital diets are very heterogeneous. Hospital diets are rarely prescribed by physicians, and sometimes the choices of diets are based on arbitrary reasons. Often prescriptions are made independently from the evaluation of nutritional status, and without taking into account the nutritional status. Therapeutic diets (low salt, gluten-free, texture and consistency modified, …) are associated with decreased energy delivery (i.e. underfeeding) and increased risk of malnutrition. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) proposes here evidence-based recommendations regarding the organization of food catering, the prescriptions and indications of diets, as well as monitoring of food intake at hospital, rehabilitation center, and nursing home, all of these by taking into account the patient perspectives. We propose a systematic approach to adapt the hospital food to the nutritional status and potential food allergy or intolerances. Particular conditions such as patients with dysphagia, older patients, gastrointestinal diseases, abdominal surgery, diabetes, and obesity, are discussed to guide the practitioner toward the best evidence based therapy. The terminology of the different useful diets is defined. The general objectives are to increase the awareness of physicians, dietitians, nurses, kitchen managers, and stakeholders towards the pivotal role of hospital food in hospital care, to contribute to patient safety within nutritional care, to improve coverage of nutritional needs by hospital food, and reduce the risk of malnutrition and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Thibault
- Unité de Nutrition, CHU Rennes, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute, NuMeCan, Rennes, France.
| | - Osman Abbasoglu
- Department of Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elina Ioannou
- Department of Nutrition, Limassol General Hospital, Cyprus
| | - Laila Meija
- Riga Stradins University, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Latvia
| | - Karen Ottens-Oussoren
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claude Pichard
- Unité de Nutrition, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabet Rothenberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences Kristianstad University Kristianstad Sweden, Sweden
| | - Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH, Humboldt Klinikum und Klinikum Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephan C Bischoff
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
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21
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Ettefaghdoost M, Haghighi H. Impact of different dietary lutein levels on growth performance, biochemical and immuno-physiological parameters of oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 115:86-94. [PMID: 34091037 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 56-day trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lutein pigment on growth, biochemical, and immuno-physiological parameters of the oriental river prawn. Prawns were fed five formulated diets containing different lutein levels, 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. Growth performance, except hepatosomatic index, was affected by different lutein levels, and biochemical parameters (urea, uric acid, glucose, creatinine, and triglycerides) decreased. However, high-density and low-density lipoprotein elevated significantly compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, calcium, phosphorus, and cholesterol did not show a significant difference. Hemato-immunological parameters (albumin, total protein, cortisol, lysozyme, phenoloxidase, total hemocyte count, granular cells, semi-granular cells, hyaline cells, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase), and hepatopancreatic antioxidant statuses (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde), were significantly affected; however, alkaline phosphatase and glutathione peroxidase were not affected by lutein treatments. By increasing dietary lutein levels, digestive enzyme activities, total bacteria count, total carotenoid content, significantly increased. Conversely, lactic acid bacteria were not affected. Overall, the research results demonstrated that adding 200 mg/kg of lutein to the diet improved growth performance, biochemical and immuno-physiological parameters of the oriental river prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ettefaghdoost
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran.
| | - Hossein Haghighi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran
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22
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Patterson E, Eustachio Colombo P, Milner J, Green R, Elinder LS. Potential health impact of increasing adoption of sustainable dietary practices in Sweden. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1332. [PMID: 34229654 PMCID: PMC8261973 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An urgent transition to more sustainable diets is necessary for the improvement of human and planetary health. One way to achieve this is for sustainable practices to become mainstream. We estimated the potential health impact of wider adoption of dietary practices deemed by consumers, researchers and stakeholders in Sweden to be niche, sustainable and with the potential to be scaled up. METHODS A life table method was used to estimate the impact - changes in years of life lost (YLL) - over periods of 20 and 30 years in the Swedish population had the practices been adopted in 2010-11, when the last national adult dietary survey was conducted. The practices modelled were reducing red and processed meat (by 25, 50 and 100%), and assuming, for each stage, replacement by an equal weight of poultry/fish and vegetables +/- legumes; reducing milk intake (by 25, 50 and 100%); and reducing sugar-sweetened beverage intake (by 25, 50 and 100%). Using population data together with data on cause-specific mortality and relative risks for diet-disease outcomes, impacts were estimated for each scenario separately and in combination, for the outcomes ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic stroke, diabetes type 2 and colorectal cancer. RESULTS For a "moderate" combination of scenarios (changes at the 50% level), reductions of 513,200 YLL (lower-upper uncertainty estimate 59,400-797,900) could have been achieved over 20 years and 1,148,500 YLL (135,900-1,786,600) over 30 years. The majority (over 90%) of YLLs prevented were related to IHD, and the majority were in men. The singular practice that had the most impact was reducing the intake of red and processed meat and replacing it with a mixture of vegetables and legumes. Reducing milk intake resulted in an increase in YLL, but this was compensated for by other scenarios. CONCLUSION If these practices were more widely adopted, they would be expected to lead to improvements in public health in Sweden. Over the long term, this would translate to many premature deaths postponed or prevented from a number of chronic diseases, to the benefit of individuals, society, the climate and the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Patterson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - James Milner
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Rosemary Green
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Liselotte Schäfer Elinder
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Puddu PE, Menotti A. Simple versus complex carbohydrates and health: A frequently neglected problem. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1949-1952. [PMID: 33992508 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS For several decades, there has been a notion that dietary fat is made of different components (at least SAFA, MUFA, and PUFA) that exhibit different and sometimes contrasting effects when associated with health and diseases: coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in general. A similar fact is not noticed in carbohydrates and their components considering that even some major recent studies on the issue did not segregate simple carbohydrates from complex carbohydrates. In this study, we aimed to stress this need. DATA SYNTHESIS A small number of selected studies are presented and commented where segregation of simple from complex carbohydrates was either performed or disregarded to address the inconsistency of not disentangling them. CONCLUSIONS If only total fats were considered in investigations where fat was studied, the present notion and attitude toward different roles of the various classes of fats, at least SAFA versus unsaturated (MUFA and PUFA) would be missing. Therefore, there is a need to disentangle simple from complex carbohydrates, and this should be systematically applied when addressing CHD or CVD mortality risks and their preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo E Puddu
- Associazione per la Ricerca Cardiologica, 00198 Roma, Italy; EA 4650, Signalisation, électrophysiologie et imagerie des lésions d'ischémie reperfusion myocardique, UNICAEN, 14000 Caen, France.
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Conlin LA, Aguilar DT, Rogers GE, Campbell BI. Flexible vs. rigid dieting in resistance-trained individuals seeking to optimize their physiques: A randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:52. [PMID: 34187492 PMCID: PMC8243453 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to compare a flexible vs. rigid diet on weight loss and subsequent weight regain in resistance-trained (RT) participants in a randomized, parallel group design. Methods Twenty-three males and females (25.6 ± 6.1 yrs; 170 ± 8.1 cm; 75.4 ± 10.3 kg) completed the 20-week intervention (consisting of a 10-week diet phase and a 10-week post-diet phase). Participants were randomized to a flexible diet (FLEX) comprised of non-specific foods or a rigid diet (RIGID) comprised of specific foods. Participants adhered to an ~20%kcal reduction during the first 10-weeks of the intervention and were instructed to eat ad libitum for the final 10-weeks. Body composition and resting metabolic rate were assessed 5 times: (baseline, 5, 10 [end of diet phase], 16, and 20 weeks). Results During the 10-week diet phase, both groups significantly reduced bodyweight (FLEX: baseline = 76.1 ± 8.4kg, post-diet = 73.5 ± 8.8 kg, ▲2.6 kg; RIGID: baseline = 74.9 ± 12.2 kg, post-diet = 71.9 ± 11.7 kg, ▲3.0 kg, p < 0.001); fat mass (FLEX: baseline = 14.8 ± 5.7 kg, post-diet = 12.5 ± 5.0 kg, ▲2.3 kg; RIGID: baseline = 18.1 ± 6.2 kg, post-diet = 14.9 ± 6.5 kg, ▲3.2 kg p < 0.001) and body fat% (FLEX: baseline = 19.4 ± 8.5%, post-diet = 17.0 ± 7.1%, ▲2.4%; RIGID: baseline = 24.0 ± 6.2%, post-diet = 20.7 ± 7.1%, ▲3.3%; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups for any variable during the diet phase. During the post-diet phase, a significant diet x time interaction (p < 0.001) was observed for FFM with the FLEX group gaining a greater amount of FFM (+1.7 kg) in comparison with the RIGID group (−0.7 kg). Conclusions A flexible or rigid diet strategy is equally effective for weight loss during a caloric restriction diet in free-living, RT individuals. While post-diet FFM gains were greater in the FLEX group, there were no significant differences in the amount of time spent in resistance and aerobic exercise modes nor were there any significant differences in protein and total caloric intakes between the two diet groups. In the absence of a clear physiological rationale for increases in FFM, in addition to the lack of a standardized diet during the post-diet phase, we refrain from attributing the increases in FFM in the FLEX group to their diet assignment during the diet phase of the investigation. We recommend future research investigate additional physiological and psychological effects of flexible diets and weight regain in lean individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurin Alexandra Conlin
- Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Exercise Science Program, Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PED 214, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Danielle Trina Aguilar
- Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Exercise Science Program, Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PED 214, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Gavin Elliot Rogers
- Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Exercise Science Program, Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PED 214, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Bill I Campbell
- Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Exercise Science Program, Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PED 214, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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Webb P, Danaei G, Masters WA, Rosettie KL, Leech AA, Cohen J, Blakstad M, Kranz S, Mozaffarian D. Modelling the potential cost-effectiveness of food-based programs to reduce malnutrition. Glob Food Sec 2021; 29:100550. [PMID: 34164258 PMCID: PMC8202230 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Poor quality diets contribute to malnutrition globally, but evidence is weak on the cost-effectiveness of food-based interventions that shift diets. This study assessed 11 candidate interventions developed through Delphi techniques to improve diets in India, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. A Markov simulation model incorporated time, individual-level, nutrition, and policy parameters to estimate health impacts and cost-effectiveness for reducing stunting, anaemia, diarrhea, and mortality in preschool children. At an assumed 80% coverage, interventions considered would potentially save between 0·16 and 3·20 years of life per child. The average cost-effectiveness ratio ranged from US$9 to US$2000 per life year saved. This approach, linking expert knowledge, known costs, and modelling, offers potential for estimating cost-effective investments for better informed policy choice where empirical evidence is limited. Few studies estimate the potential cost-effectiveness of programs for improving health through diets. Expert knowledge linked to modelling offers a basis for assessing potential alternatives where data are lacking. Our analysis assessed 11 candidate interventions for Ethiopia, India, and Nigeria derived from local expert opinion. Modelling demonstrates these programs' potential health impacts and cost-effectiveness. The modelling of estimated benefits can support best-buy policy and program choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Webb
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Goodarz Danaei
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William A Masters
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine L Rosettie
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashley A Leech
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua Cohen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mia Blakstad
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Kranz
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Orste L, Krumina A, Kilis E, Adamsone-Fiskovica A, Grivins M. Individual responsibilities, collective issues: The framing of dietary practices in Latvian media. Appetite 2021; 164:105219. [PMID: 33774136 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Topics concerning food and diets have gained prominence in academic writing, policy debates and media coverage, not least due to public health problems, sedentary lifestyles, and concerns regarding dietary habits and the impact of food production on climate change. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the ways dietary practices have been framed in the media through an analysis of Latvian print and digital media articles. A selection of 192 media articles published between 2014 and 2019 were analysed through the perspective of framing. The analysis identifies three prominent frames found in Latvian media: (i) a biomedical frame, (ii) a psychological frame, and (iii) a social practice frame. The frames are connected by several cross-cutting themes: individualisation, self-disciplining, gendering, and medicalisation. The results suggest that the media portray unhealthy dietary as the responsibility of individuals, whilst ignoring, with some exceptions, the impact of broader societal and food system processes. These results call for more attention to be paid by media content creators to the diversity of actors involved in food production, consumption and distribution and their inter-connections, as well as the impact that food systems have on economic, social, and ecological sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Orste
- Baltic Studies Centre at Kokneses Prospekts 26-2, Riga, LV-1014, Latvia.
| | - Alise Krumina
- Baltic Studies Centre at Kokneses Prospekts 26-2, Riga, LV-1014, Latvia
| | - Emils Kilis
- Baltic Studies Centre at Kokneses Prospekts 26-2, Riga, LV-1014, Latvia
| | | | - Mikelis Grivins
- Baltic Studies Centre at Kokneses Prospekts 26-2, Riga, LV-1014, Latvia
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27
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Duffy EY, Hiremath PG, Martinez-Amezcua P, Safeer R, Schrack JA, Blaha MJ, Michos ED, Blumenthal RS, Martin SS, Cainzos-Achirica M. Opportunities to improve cardiovascular health in the new American workplace. Am J Prev Cardiol 2021; 5:100136. [PMID: 34327486 PMCID: PMC8315405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult working-class Americans spend on average 50% of their workday awake time at their jobs. The vast majority of these jobs involve mostly physically inactive tasks and frequent exposure to unhealthy food options. Traditionally, the workplace has been a challenging environment for cardiovascular prevention, where cardiovascular guidelines have had limited implementation. Despite the impact that unhealthy lifestyles at the workplace may have on the cardiovascular health of U.S. workers, there is currently no policy in place aimed at improving this. In this review, we discuss recent evidence on the prevalence of physical inactivity among Americans, with a special focus on the time spent at the workplace; and the invaluable opportunity that workplace-based lifestyle interventions may represent for improving the prevention of cardiovascular disease. We describe the current regulatory context, the key stakeholders involved, and present specific, guideline-inspired initiatives to be considered by both Congress and employers to improve the "cardiovascular safety" of US jobs. Additionally, we discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has forever altered the workplace, and what lessons can be taken from this experience and applied to cardiovascular disease prevention in the new American workplace. For many Americans, long sitting hours at their job represent a risk to their cardiovascular health. We discuss how a paradigm shift in how we approach cardiovascular health, from focusing on leisure time to also focusing on work time, may help curtail the epidemic of cardiovascular disease in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon Y. Duffy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pranoti G. Hiremath
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Martinez-Amezcua
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Safeer
- Office of Employee Health and Well-being, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- General Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Schrack
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Blaha
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth S. Martin
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miguel Cainzos-Achirica
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
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28
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Gupta S, Vemireddy V, Singh DK, Pingali P. Ground truthing the cost of achieving the EAT lancet recommended diets: Evidence from rural India. Glob Food Sec 2021; 28:100498. [PMID: 33738190 PMCID: PMC7938224 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we quantify the divergence in the cost of current diets as compared to EAT Lancet recommendations at the subnational-level in India. We use primary data on food prices and household food purchases, and secondary data on food expenditures for a period of 12 months in 2018-19. The cost of the EAT Lancet dietary recommendations for rural India ranges between $3.00- $5.00 per person per day. In contrast, actual dietary intake at present is valued at around $1.00 per person per day. In order to get to the EAT Lancet recommendations individuals will have to spend nearly $1.00 per person per day more on each of meat fish poultry, dairy foods and fruits. The deficit in current diets relative to recommendations is marked by seasonal variations driven by volatility in the underlying food prices. This paper extends the evidence base for the affordability of the EAT Lancet diet to a subnational-level in India, using the most recent data on prices and expenditures, over time. We highlight the need for tracking rural markets at the subnational level, over time for their nutritional quality and ability to provide affordable, nutritious diets to the poor. Crop diversification, investments in rural infrastructure and well-functioning markets can move rural India towards more nutrition sensitive food environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Gupta
- Tata Cornell Institute for Agriculture and Nutrition, Cornell University, United States
| | | | - Dhiraj K. Singh
- Senior Research Scientist, Institute for Research and Growth, India
| | - Prabhu Pingali
- Tata Cornell Institute for Agriculture and Nutrition, Cornell University, United States
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29
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Ambikapathi R, Shively G, Leyna G, Mosha D, Mangara A, Patil CL, Boncyk M, Froese SL, Verissimo CK, Kazonda P, Mwanyika-Sando M, Killewo J, Gunaratna NS. Informal food environment is associated with household vegetable purchase patterns and dietary intake in the DECIDE study: Empirical evidence from food vendor mapping in peri-urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Glob Food Sec 2021; 28:100474. [PMID: 33738186 PMCID: PMC7938223 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We study the relationship between the food environment (FE) and the food purchase patterns, dietary intakes, and nutritional status of individuals in peri-urban Tanzania. In Africa, the prevailing high density of informal vendors creates challenges to characterizing the FE. We present a protocol and tool developed as part of the Diet, Environment, and Choices of positive living (DECIDE) study to measure characteristics of the FE. We mapped 6627 food vendors in a peri-urban settlement of Dar es Salaam, of which over 60% were semi-formal and informal (mobile) vendors. We compute and compare four FE metrics inspired by landscape ecology—density, dispersion, diversity, and dominance—to better understand how the informal food environment relates to food purchase patterns, diets, and nutritional status among households with persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). In Tanzania, a high density of informal vendors within this transitioning food system creates challenges to characterizing the food environment. We develop four metrics inspired by landscape ecology to characterize formal, semi-formal, and informal food environments. We use these metrics to evaluate associations to household food purchase patterns, energy intake, and nutritional status. Vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables, were primarily sold by informal mobile food vendors, most of whom were women. A greater density of vegetable vendors or informal vendors within 500 meters of a household is associated with a higher likelihood of vegetable purchases and lower energy intake. The role of informal and semi-formal food vendors in supporting consumption of nutritious diets should not be discounted, and gender sensitive actions to promote their livelihoods is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerald Shively
- Department of Agricultural Economics & International Programs in Agriculture, Purdue University, USA
| | | | | | - Ally Mangara
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
| | - Crystal L Patil
- Department of Women, Children & Family Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | | | - Savannah L Froese
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, USA.,Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, USA
| | | | - Patrick Kazonda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
| | | | - Japhet Killewo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
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30
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Abstract
Amino acids are integral for human health, influencing an array of physiological processes from gene expression to vasodilation to the immune response. In accordance with this expansive range of unique functions, the tissues of the body engage in a complex interplay of amino acid exchange and metabolism to respond to the organism's dynamic needs for a range of nitrogenous products. Interorgan amino acid metabolism is required for numerous metabolic pathways, including the synthesis of functional amino acids like arginine, glutamate, glutamine, and glycine. This physiological process requires the cooperative handling of amino acids by organs (e.g., the small intestine, skeletal muscle, kidneys, and liver), as well as the complete catabolism of nutritionally essential amino acids such as the BCAAs, with their α-ketoacids shuttled from muscle to liver. These exchanges are made possible by several mechanisms, including organ location, as well as the functional zonation of enzymes and the cell-specific expression of amino acid transporters. The cooperative handling of amino acids between the various organs does not appear to be under the control of any centralized regulation, but is instead influenced by factors such as fluctuations in nutrient availability, hormones, changes associated with development, and altered environmental factors. While the normal function of these pathways is associated with health and homeostasis, affected by physical activity, diet and body composition, dysregulation is observed in numerous disease states, including cardiovascular disease and cancer cachexia, presenting potential avenues for the manipulation of amino acid consumption as part of the therapeutic approach to these conditions in individuals.
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Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins that have both structural and metabolic functions in humans and other animals. In mammals, birds, fish, and crustaceans, proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. All animals can synthesize de novo alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, and serine, whereas most mammals (including humans and pigs) can synthesize de novo arginine. Results of extensive research over the past three decades have shown that humans and other animals have dietary requirements for AAs that are synthesizable de novo in animal cells. Recent advances in analytical methods have allowed us to determine all proteinogenic AAs in foods consumed by humans, livestock, poultry, fish, and crustaceans. Both plant- and animal-sourced foods contain high amounts of glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine, and branched-chain AAs. Cysteine, glycine, lysine, methionine, proline, threonine, and tryptophan generally occur in low amounts in plant products but are enriched in animal products. In addition, taurine and creatine (essential for the integrity and function of tissues) are absent from plants but are abundant in meat and present in all animal-sourced foods. A combination of plant- and animal products is desirable for the healthy diets of humans and omnivorous animals. Furthermore, animal-sourced feedstuffs can be included in the diets of farm and companion animals to cost-effectively improve their growth performance, feed efficiency, and productivity, while helping to sustain the global animal agriculture (including aquaculture).
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Sarkar TR, McNeal CJ, Meininger CJ, Niu Y, Mallick BK, Carroll RJ, Wu G. Dietary Intakes of Amino Acids and Other Nutrients by Adult Humans. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1332:211-227. [PMID: 34251646 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74180-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Measuring usual dietary intake in freely living humans is difficult to accomplish. As a part of our recent study, a food frequency questionnaire was completed by healthy adult men and women at days 0 and 90 of the study. Data from the food questionnaire were analyzed with a nutrient analysis program ( www.Harvardsffq.date ). Healthy men and women consumed protein as 19-20% and 17-19% of their total energy intakes, respectively, with animal protein representing about 75 and 70% of their total protein intakes, respectively. The intake of each nutritionally essential amino acid (EAA) by the persons exceeded that recommended for healthy adults with a minimal physical activity. In all individuals, the dietary intake of leucine was the highest, followed by lysine, valine, and isoleucine in descending order, and the ingestion of amino acids that are synthesizable de novo in animal cells (AASAs) was about 20% greater than that of total EAAs. The intake of each AASA met those recommended for healthy adults with a minimal physical activity. Intakes of some AASAs (alanine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate, and glycine) from a typical diet providing 90-110 g food protein/day does not meet the requirements of adults with an intensive physical activity. Within the male or female group, there were not significant differences in the dietary intakes of all amino acids between days 0 and 90 of the study, and this was also true for nearly all other essential nutrients. Our findings will help to improve amino acid nutrition and health in both the general population and exercising individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasree R Sarkar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Catherine J McNeal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yabo Niu
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bani K Mallick
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Raymond J Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Akuru EA, Oyeagu CE, Mpendulo TC, Rautenbach F, Oguntibeju OO. Effect of pomegranate ( Punica granatum L) peel powder meal dietary supplementation on antioxidant status and quality of breast meat in broilers. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05709. [PMID: 33364487 PMCID: PMC7750561 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the antioxidant status and quality of breast meat in broiler birds fed diets supplemented with pomegranate peel powder meal (PPPM). During the 35-d feeding trial, broiler birds were fed six experimental diets: diet with 0% additives (negative control; NEGCON); diet with α-Tocopherol acetate at 200 g/tonne (positive control; POSCON); and four levels (2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg) of PPPM, designated as PPPM2, PPPM4, PPPM6, and PPPM8. Breast muscle pH was determined 15mins and 24hrs postmortem. The breast muscles were then stored at 4 °C to determine shelf-life attributes (pH, colour, hue angle, and chroma) for 16 days. Meat from the 8 g/kg PPPM had the highest thawing loss, whereas cooking loss was lowest at 2 g/kg PPPM inclusion. The meat of birds fed 2 g/kg and 4 g/kg PPPM had the highest (P<0.05) ability to scavenge the ABTS [(2, 2-azinobis (3ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid))] radical cation (ABTS+), whereas, catalase activity was increased at 8 g/kg PPPM. The results obtained in this study indicate that 2 g/kg supplementation of pomegranate peel powder meal significantly improved the water-binding capacity of broiler breast meat, owing to the reduced cooking loss of the meat, and meat from the PPPM2 (2 g/kg) group had the highest ability to scavenge ABTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice A Akuru
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.,Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Chika E Oyeagu
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.,Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington Campus, Private Bag X8, Wellington, 7654, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Thando C Mpendulo
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Fanie Rautenbach
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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Foroutani MB, Parrish CC, Wells J, Taylor RG, Rise ML. Minimizing marine ingredients in diets of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): effects on liver and head kidney lipid class and fatty acid composition. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:2331-2353. [PMID: 33001367 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited fish meal and fish oil supplies have necessitated research on alternatives for aquafeeds. Seven dietary treatments with different protein and lipid sources were formulated for farmed Atlantic salmon, and their effects on liver and head kidney lipid class, fatty acid, and elemental composition were studied. Fish meal, fish oil, and EPA + DHA content ranged from 5-35%, 0-12%, and 0.1-3%, respectively. Elemental analysis showed that the C to N ratio was higher in the head kidney than in the liver, which is consistent with higher content of total lipids in the head kidney compared with the liver. There was a greater susceptibility to dietary lipid alterations in the liver compared with the head kidney despite liver having a greater proportion of phospholipid and a much lower proportion of triacylglycerol. So long as fish oil levels were 5% or more of the diet, arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) proportions were the same for each tissue as with feeding the marine diet with 12% fish oil; however, livers and head kidneys from fish fed the lowest amount of fish meal and fish oil had the lowest levels of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and DHA and the highest ARA levels. Removal of fish oil and reduction of fish meal to 5% in diets of farmed Atlantic salmon affected elemental and lipid compositions of the liver and head kidney tissues potentially increasing susceptibility to inflammation. However, with 10% of the diet comprising fish meal and fish oil, lipid contents were comparable with fish fed marine-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Jeanette Wells
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | | | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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Ambikapathi R, Kosek MN, Lee GO, Olortegui MP, Zaitchik B, Peñataro Yori P, Bauck A, Caulfield LE. La Niña weather impacts dietary patterns and dietary diversity among children in the Peruvian Amazon. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:3477-87. [PMID: 33106207 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020003705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: In 2011–2012, severe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions (La Niña) led to massive flooding and temporarily displacement in the Peruvian Amazon. Our aims were to examine the impact of this ENSO exposure on child diets, in particular: (1) frequency of food consumption patterns, (2) the amount of food consumed (g/d), (3) dietary diversity (DD), (4) consumption of donated foods, among children aged 9–36 months living in the outskirts of City of Iquitos in the Amazonian Peru. Design: This was a longitudinal study that used quantitative 24-h recall dietary data collection from children aged 9–36 months from 2010 to 2014 as part of the MAL-ED birth cohort study. Setting: Iquitos, Loreto, Peru. Participants: Two hundred and fifty-two mother–child dyads. Results: The frequency of grains, rice, dairy and sugar in meals reduced by 5–7 %, while the frequency of plantain in meals increased by 24 % after adjusting for covariates. ENSO exposure reduced girl’s intake of plantains and sugar. Despite seasonal fluctuations in the availability of fruits, vegetables and fish, DD remained constant across seasons and as children aged. However, DD was significantly reduced under moderate La Niña conditions by 0·32 (P < 0·05) food groups. Adaptive social strategies such as consumption of donated foods were significantly higher among households with girls. Conclusions: This is the first empirical study to show differential effect of the ENSO on the dietary patterns of children, highlighting differences by gender. Public health nutrition programmes should be climate- and gender-sensitive in their efforts to safeguard the diets of vulnerable populations.
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Naorungroj S. Sugary Snack Consumption and Tooth Retention among Middle-aged Thai Adults. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:394-401. [PMID: 33042879 PMCID: PMC7523934 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_249_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigated whether the habit of consuming sugary snacks was independently associated with the loss of permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: Eight hundred ninety-seven adults aged 35–65 from four communities in the lower regions of Southern Thailand completed a structured questionnaire interview and dental examinations. The independent variable was frequency of sweet snack consumption between meals in the previous week and coded as: never (0 days), occasionally (1–4 days), or frequently (≥5 days). The outcome was the number of permanent teeth (1–19 vs. ≥20 teeth). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the adjusted associations between sugary snack consumption and the number of retained teeth. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Approximately 23% of participants retained fewer than 20 permanent teeth. Approximately 30% of participants reported sugary snack intake most days. Fewer teeth were positively associated with high-frequency sugary snack consumption, older age, Muslim, ≤ 6 years of education, universal healthcare, infrequent tooth brushing, smoking, and alcohol consumption, but not sugar-sweetened beverages. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and other potential confounders, the odds of having fewer teeth were higher among participants who frequently consumed sugary snacks (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.21–3.39), but was not significantly different from those who occasionally consumed sugary snacks (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.58–1.50) compared to nonsugary snack consumers. Conclusion: In this study, habitual sugary snack intake was associated with fewer teeth among middle-aged Thai adults. To improve oral health and prevent further tooth loss, efforts to reduce sugary snack consumption would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Naorungroj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.,Common Oral Diseases and Oral Epidemiology Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.,Prosthodontics and Occlusion Rehabilitation Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Young L, Rosin M, Jiang Y, Grey J, Vandevijvere S, Waterlander W, Ni Mhurchu C. The effect of a shelf placement intervention on sales of healthier and less healthy breakfast cereals in supermarkets: A co-designed pilot study. Soc Sci Med 2020; 266:113337. [PMID: 32950330 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Supermarkets are the principal source of grocery food in many high-income countries. Choice architecture strategies show promise to improve the healthiness of food choices. A retailer-academic collaboration was formed to co-design and pilot selected commercially sustainable strategies to increase sales of healthier foods relative to less healthy foods in supermarkets. Two co-design workshops, involving supermarket corporate staff and public health nutrition academics, identified potential interventions. One intervention, more prominent shelf placement of healthier products within one category (breakfast cereals), was selected for testing. A pilot study (baseline, intervention and follow-up, 12-weeks each) was undertaken in six supermarkets (three intervention and three control) in Auckland, New Zealand. Products were ranked by nutrient levels and profile, and after accounting for the supermarkets' space management principles, healthier products were placed at adult eye level. The primary outcome was change in sales of healthier products relative to total category sales. Secondary outcomes were nutrient profile of category sales, in-store product promotions, customer perceptions, and retailer feedback. There was no difference in proportional sales of more prominently positioned healthier products between intervention (56%) and control (56%) stores during the intervention. There were no differences in the nutrient profile of category sales. A higher proportion of less healthy breakfast cereals were displayed in intervention versus control stores (57% vs 43%). Most customers surveyed supported shelf placement as a strategy (265, 88%) but noted brand preferences and price were more salient determinants of purchases. Retailers were similarly supportive but balancing profit, health/nutrition and customer satisfaction was challenging. Shelf placement alone was not an effective strategy to increase purchases of healthier breakfast cereals. This study showed co-design of a healthy eating intervention with a commercial retailer is feasible, but concurrent retail environment factors likely limited the public health impact of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Young
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Magda Rosin
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yannan Jiang
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jacqui Grey
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stefanie Vandevijvere
- Scientific Institute of Public Health (Sciensano), Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wilma Waterlander
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public Health, P.O. Box 19268, 1000, GG Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cliona Ni Mhurchu
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Calella P, Gallè F, Di Onofrio V, Buono P, Liguori G, Valerio G. Gym Members Show Lower Nutrition Knowledge than Youth Engaged in Competitive Sports. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:465-471. [PMID: 32758109 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1792375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents may be vulnerable to misleading nutritional information and adopt unhealthy food habits. In addition, specific features related to physical training, either aimed to improve fitness or to comply with sport demands, may influence food habits of the youth. This cross-sectional study was aimed to compare nutrition knowledge, food habits and adherence to Mediterranean diet in youth engaged in fitness training, competitive sports or inactive. METHODS Three questionnaires, the General and Sport Nutrition Knowledge (GeSNK) questionnaire, a food habit questionnaire and the KIDMED were administered to gym members, athletes engaged in volleyball, long-distance swimming, and gymnastics, and inactive adolescents. RESULTS The total sample included 211 youth (age 16.8 ± 1.7 years). Gym members, like the inactive youth, had lower general and sport-related nutrition knowledge compared to athletes (p = 0.001). In the whole sample, general nutrition knowledge was positively associated with healthy food habits (p < 0.01) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Gym members had a level of nutrition knowledge lower than young athletes and similar to inactive youth. Healthy food habits were related with nutrition knowledge among adolescents. Specific nutritional education programs are needed to address food habits in fitness settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Calella
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Onofrio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Buono
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
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Harris J, Depenbusch L, Pal AA, Nair RM, Ramasamy S. Food system disruption: initial livelihood and dietary effects of COVID-19 on vegetable producers in India. Food Secur 2020;:1-11. [PMID: 32837650 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disruption to food systems and impacts on livelihoods and diets have been brought into sharp focus by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate effects of this multi-layered shock on production, sales, prices, incomes and diets for vegetable farmers in India as both producers and consumers of nutrient-dense foods. We undertook a rapid telephone survey with 448 farmers in 4 states, in one of the first studies to document the early impacts of the pandemic and policy responses on farming households. We find that a majority of farmers report negative impacts on production, sales, prices and incomes. Over 80% of farms reported some decline in sales, and over 20% of farms reported devastating declines (sold almost nothing). Price reductions were reported by over 80% of farmers, and reductions by more than half for 50% of farmers. Similarly, farm income reportedly dropped for 90% of farms, and by more than half for 60%. Of surveyed households, 62% reported disruptions to their diets. A majority of farm households reported reduced ability to access the most nutrient-dense foods. Around 80% of households reported ability to protect their staple food consumption, and the largest falls in consumption were in fruit and animal source foods other than dairy, in around half of households. Reported vegetable consumption fell in almost 30% of households, but vegetables were also the only food group where consumption increased for some, in around 15% of households. Our data suggest higher vulnerability of female farmers in terms of both livelihoods and diet, and differential effects on smaller and larger farms, meaning different farms may require different types of support in order to continue to function. Farms reported diverse coping strategies to maintain sales, though often with negative implications for reported incomes. The ability to consume one’s own produce may be somewhat protective of diets when other routes to food access fail. The impacts of COVID-19 and subsequent policy responses on both livelihoods and diets in horticultural households risk rolling back the impressive economic and nutrition gains India has seen over the past decade. Food systems, and particularly those making available the most nutrient-dense foods, must be considered in ongoing and future government responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kahleova
- Department of Medicine, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Susan Levin
- Department of Medicine, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Neal D Barnard
- Department of Medicine, Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
Objective: To model the potential impact and equity impact of fortifying rice on nutritional adequacy of different subpopulations in Nepal. Design: Using 24-h dietary recall data and a household consumption survey, we estimated: rice intakes; probability of adequacy (PA) of eight micronutrients commonly fortified in rice (vitamin A, niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), cobalamin (B12), thiamin (B1), folate (B9), Fe and Zn) plus riboflavin (B2), vitamin C and Ca and mean probability of adequacy (MPA) of these micronutrients. We modelled: no fortification; fortification of purchased rice, averaged across all households and in rice-buying households only. We compared adequacy increases between population subgroups. Setting: (i) Dhanusha and Mahottari districts of Nepal (24-h recall) and (ii) all agro-ecological zones of Nepal (consumption data). Participants: (i) Pregnant women (n 128), mothers-in-law and male household heads; (ii) households (n 4360). Results: Unfortified diets were especially inadequate in vitamins B12, A, B9, Zn and Fe. Fortification of purchased rice in rice-purchasing households increased PA > 0·9 for thiamin, niacin, B6, folate and Zn, but B12 and Fe remained inadequate even after fortification (PA range 0·3–0·9). Pregnant women’s increases exceeded men’s for thiamin, niacin, B6, folate and MPA; men had larger gains in vitamin A, B12 and Zn. Adequacy improved more in the hills (coefficient 0·08 (95 % CI 0·05, 0·10)) and mountains (coefficient 0·07 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·14)) but less in rural areas (coefficient −0·05 (95 % CI −0·09, −0·01)). Conclusions: Consumption of purchased fortified rice improves adequacy and gender equity of nutrient intake, especially in non-rice-growing areas.
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Abstract
This paper examines the complex interactions between food systems, diets, and the environment. We discuss the challenges facing the food system as a result of environmental degradation and climate change. We review the state of current diets and their effects on human health outcomes. As we consider paths forward, we examine holistic solutions that align nutrition, health, and environmental goals. Finally, we identify ethical questions relevant to the changing global food system. We consider our moral obligations to other people - both now and in the future - and the planet, and we posit that eating is an ethical act requiring reflection at all scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fanzo
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Amelia Hood
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire Davis
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sandri M, Sgorlon S, Scarsella E, Stefanon B. Effect of different starch sources in a raw meat-based diet on fecal microbiome in dogs housed in a shelter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:353-361. [PMID: 33005769 PMCID: PMC7503078 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A dietary intervention study was assessed to determine if different sources of starch in homemade diets could significantly modify fecal microbiome of dogs. Twenty-seven adult dogs were enrolled and fed a diet based on a mixture of rice and pasta with fresh raw meat (CD). After 90 d, 8 dogs continued to receive CD diet, 10 dogs received a diet made of a raw meat and a complementary food with rice as the main source of starch (B1), and 9 dogs were fed a diet with the same raw meat and a complementary food with potato as the main source of starch (B2). Samples of feces were collected from each dog in the mornings at the beginning of the study and after 15 d and analyzed for pH, ammonia N (N–NH3) and total N, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and lactic acid. Relative abundance of fecal microbiota was assessed by sequencing and annotating the V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA. Total starch intake was similar between diets but differed in the in vitro rate digestion and in the resistant starch, which was higher in B2 than in B1 and CD diets. Dogs fed B2 diet showed lower (P < 0.05) N–NH3 and pH but higher (P < 0.05) molar proportion of lactic acid. Linear discriminant analysis of the genera relative abundances indicated a significant (P < 0.01) increase of SMB53 genus at the end of the study in B1 diet and of Megamonas genus in B1 and B2 diets in comparison to CD diet. These results suggest that changes of starch source in a raw meat-based diet have limited effects on fecal microbiome in healthy dogs, but underline a high variability of microbiota among dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Sandri
- Department of AgriFood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Sandy Sgorlon
- Department of AgriFood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Elisa Scarsella
- Department of AgriFood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Bruno Stefanon
- Department of AgriFood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Udine, 33100, Italy
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Shi B, Wang Y, Gong L, Chang Y, Liu T, Zhao X, Lin A, Feng J, Jiang T. Correlation of skull morphology and bite force in a bird-eating bat ( Ia io; Vespertilionidae). Front Zool 2020; 17:8. [PMID: 32206076 PMCID: PMC7082990 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-020-00354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic and ecological factors influence morphology, and morphology is compatible with function. The morphology and bite performance of skulls of bats show a number of characteristic feeding adaptations. The great evening bat, Ia io (Thomas, 1902), eats both insects and birds (Thabah et al. J Mammal 88: 728-735, 2007), and as such, it is considered to represent a case of dietary niche expansion from insects to birds. How the skull morphology or bite force in I. io are related to the expanded diet (that is, birds) remains unknown. We used three-dimensional (3D) geometry of the skulls and measurements of bite force and diets from I. io and 13 other species of sympatric or closely related bat species to investigate the characteristics and the correlation of skull morphology and bite force to diets. Results Significant differences in skull morphology and bite force among species and diets were observed in this study. Similar to the carnivorous bats, bird-eaters (I. io) differed significantly from insectivorous bats; I. io had a larger skull size, taller crania, wider zygomatic arches, shorter but robust mandibles, and larger bite force than the insectivores. The skull morphology of bats was significantly associated with bite force whether controlling for phylogeny or not, but no significant correlations were found between diets and the skulls, or between diets and residual bite force, after controlling for phylogeny. Conclusions These results indicated that skull morphology was independent of diet, and phylogeny had a greater impact on skull morphology than diet in these species. The changes in skull size and morphology have led to variation in bite force, and finally different bat species feeding on different foods. In conclusion, I. io has a larger skull size, robust mandibles, shortened dentitions, longer coronoid processes, expanded angular processes, low condyles, and taller cranial sagittal crests, and wider zygomatic arches that provide this species with mechanical advantages; their greater bite force may help them use larger and hard-bodied birds as a dietary component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biye Shi
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Yuze Wang
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Lixin Gong
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Yang Chang
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Tong Liu
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Aiqing Lin
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Jiang Feng
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,3College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
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Milella RA, Gasparro M, Alagna F, Cardone MF, Rotunno S, Ammollo CT, Semeraro F, Tullo A, Marzano F, Catalano D, Antonacci D, Colucci M, D'Elia D. Microarray data and pathway analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects after a three weeks grape-rich diet. Data Brief 2020; 29:105278. [PMID: 32123709 PMCID: PMC7036720 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Human Gene Expression Microarrays (Agilent) technologies, we investigated changes of the level of gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy subjects after 21 days of fresh table grape-rich diet and after an additional 28-day washout. Several hundreds of genes were differentially expressed after grape intake or after washout. The functional analysis of these genes detected significant changes in key processes such as inflammation and immunity, thrombosis, DNA and protein repair, autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, fresh grape intake was found to influence the expression of many long non-coding RNA genes. The data can be valuable for researchers interested in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics studies and are related to the research article “Gene expression signature induced by grape intake in healthy subjects reveals wide-spread beneficial effects on PBMCs” [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anna Milella
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Gasparro
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Alagna
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Cardone
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Rotunno
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Tiziana Ammollo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Semeraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Apollonia Tullo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Flaviana Marzano
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Catalano
- Institute for Biomedical Technology, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Antonacci
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Colucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica D'Elia
- Institute for Biomedical Technology, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to review the evidence on global dietary intake and trends in dietary patterns over time and to examine associations between diets and health, environment, and equity. RECENT FINDINGS Diets now serve as a significant risk factor for the global burden of disease and death. Diet-related non-communicable disease and rising obesity are increasingly prevalent, affecting much of the global population. At the same time, the food system is producing food in ways that are not aligned with planetary health. Inequity restricts access to healthy diets and is associated with broad social determinants. Current dietary patterns are increasingly unhealthy, unsustainable, and inequitable for many populations. Multi-pronged interventions are needed to address the impacts of diets in order to improve human and planetary well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fanzo
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA.
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Claire Davis
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Aguiar LV, de Oliveira Silva HG, de Albuquerque Fernandes SA, Caires DN, Silva AS, Feistauer AE, da Silva HA, da Silva LC, Matarazzo SV, Dos Santos Pedreira M. Mesquite pod meal as an additive increases milk total solids, lactose, fat and protein content in dairy cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1351-1356. [PMID: 31745750 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the intake, digestibility, milk yield and composition of cows fed mesquite pod meal (MPM). Five crossbred dairy cows, with an average body weight of 450 ± 5 kg and producing 10 ± 1 kg of milk/day were distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square arrangement with five periods of 20 days each, comprised of 15 days for adaptation to the experimental diets (T1 = 0%, T2 = 1.5%, T3 = 3.0%, T4 = 4.5% and T5 = 6.0% MPM) and 5 days for data collection. Variables were assessed by analysis of variance and regression at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 of significance, using the Student's test. Animals were kept on pastures and the concentrates were provided at 6 kg/animal divided in two meals per day. The inclusion of 3.0% mesquite pod meal did not affect the intake, digestibility of nutrients and milk yield, but it changed milk composition. The dietary inclusion of 3.0% mesquite pod meal as a palatability enhancer increases the percentage of milk solids, lactose, fat and protein. Therefore, mesquite pod meal can be included in diets for dairy cows to improve the nutritive value of milk.
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Paris HL, Fulton TJ, Wilhite DP, Baranauskas MN, Chapman RF, Mickleborough TD. "Train-High Sleep-Low" Dietary Periodization Does Not Alter Ventilatory Strategies During Cycling Exercise. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:325-332. [PMID: 31549922 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1654419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of "train-high sleep-low" (THSL) dietary periodization on ventilatory strategies during cycling exercise at submaximal and maximal intensities.Method: In a randomized crossover design, 8 trained men [age (mean ± SEM) = 28 ± 1 y; peak oxygen uptake = 56.8 ± 2.4 mL kg-1 min-1] completed two glycogen-depleting protocols on a cycle ergometer on separate days, with the cycling followed by a low carbohydrate (CHO) meal and beverages containing either no additional CHO (THSL) or beverages containing 1.2 g kg-1 CHO [traditional CHO replacement (TRAD)]. The following morning, participants completed 4 minutes of cycling below (Stage 1), at (Stage 2), and above (Stage 3) gas exchange threshold, followed by a 5-km time trial.Results: Timetrial performance was significantly faster in TRAD compared to THSL (8.7 ± 0.3 minutes and 9.0 ± 0.3 minutes, respectively; p = 0.02). No differences in ventilation, tidal volume, or carbon dioxide production occurred between conditions at any exercise intensity (p > 0.05). During Stage 1, oxygen uptake was 37.9 ± 1.5 mL kg-1 min-1 in the TRAD condition and 39.6 ± 1.8 mL kg-1 min-1 in THSL (p = 0.05). During Stage 2, VO2 was 44.6 ± 1.7 mL kg-1 min-1 in the TRAD condition and 47.0 ± 1.9 mL kg-1 min-1 in THSL (p = 0.07). No change in operating lung volume was detected between dietary conditions (p > 0.05).Conclusions: THSL impairs performance following the dietary intervention, but this occurs with no alteration of ventilatory measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter L Paris
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California, USA
| | - Timothy J Fulton
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniel P Wilhite
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center/Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Marissa N Baranauskas
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert F Chapman
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Timothy D Mickleborough
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Xiang Q, Zhu D, Chen QL, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Su JQ, Qiao M, Yang XR, Zhu YG. Effects of diet on gut microbiota of soil collembolans. Sci Total Environ 2019; 676:197-205. [PMID: 31048151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The importance of diet in regulating the gut microbiome of globally distributed and functionally important soil generalist invertebrates such as collembolans remain poorly understood. Here, we studied a model collembolan (Folsomia candida) and found that diet (bacteria, plant litters, yeast, mixed food) is a critical factor in regulating the microbial diversity and community composition of this important soil organism. Collembolans fed with litter exhibited the lowest bacterial diversity and were dominated by Ochrobactrum. Conversely, collembolans fed with mixed diets resulted in the highest bacterial diversity. Our findings further suggest that microbial communities associated with different diets are linked to different levels of collembolan fitness. For example, the relative abundance of the genera of unclassified Thermogemmatisporaceae, Brevibacillus, and Novosphingobium were positively correlated with growth of the collembolans. Together, our work provides evidence that diet is a major force controlling the gut microbiome of collembolans, and is a good environmental predictor for collembolan growth, with implications for ecosystem functioning in terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán Sin Número, Móstoles 28933, Spain
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Min Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Yang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
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50
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Park JE, Miller M, Rhyne J, Wang Z, Hazen SL. Differential effect of short-term popular diets on TMAO and other cardio-metabolic risk markers. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:513-517. [PMID: 30940489 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary nutrient intake and its metabolism by the gut microbiome have recently been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In particular, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of the gut microbiota, has been shown to be a predictor of incident CVD events. Elevated levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have also been associated with an increased propensity for insulin resistance. METHODS To study the association of dietary intake with systemic TMAO, its nutrient precursors, and BCAA levels on fasting plasma levels of TMAO and its nutrient precursors and BCAA, we conducted an exploratory post-hoc analysis of 3 popular diets - high fat (Atkins), Mediterranean (South Beach), and very low fat (Ornish) - using plasma samples from a prior randomized, crossover study, with each isocaloric dietary phase lasting 4 weeks. Metabolites were quantified using stable isotope dilution HPLC with on-line tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Compared to the low fat Ornish phase, the high fat Atkins dietary phase was characterized by increased levels of TMAO (3.3 vs. 1.8 μM, p = 0.01), and the BCAA valine (272.8 vs. 235.8 μM, p = 0.005) and leucine (105.9 vs. 96.4 μM, p = 0.01). The high fat Atkins dietary phase was also associated with higher levels of TMAO (3.3 vs 1.6 μM, p = 0.04), valine (272.8 vs. 240.7 μM, p = 0.004), and leucine (105.9 vs. 96.4 μM, p = 0.01) compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that over a 4-week interval, a saturated fat diet that is predominantly animal-based, compared to an isocaloric, low fat, predominantly plant-based diet, is associated with heightened risk for cardiometabolic derangements, as monitored by a higher plasma levels of both TMAO and BCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, N3E09, Baltimore, MD, MD 21201, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S Paca St, Suite 7-124, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - M Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S Greene St, N3E09, Baltimore, MD, MD 21201, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S Paca St, Suite 7-124, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - J Rhyne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S Paca St, Suite 7-124, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - S L Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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