1
|
Ali J, Tuzen M, Bux Jatoi W, Ahmed Jakhrani M, Hazer B. Determination of chromium in foodstuffs by using novel adsorbent in vortex assisted-dispersive solid phase micro-extraction method: An application of multivariate techniques. Food Chem 2024; 446:138871. [PMID: 38432133 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A new graft copolymer composed of polystyrene and polylinoleic acid (PLinas) with the sodium salt of iminodiacetate (Ida) was synthesized and used as an adsorbent. The vortex-assisted dispersive solid-phase micro-extraction (VA-dSPµE) method was used for the extraction and pre-concentration of chromium. Multivariate methodologies, such as factorial design and 3D surface plots, were applied for screening and optimizing effective extraction parameters. The influence of diverse analytical parameters, such as pH, sample volume, and interfering ions, on the extraction of chromium was studied. The calibration standard curve exhibited a linear range from 0.01 to 0.50 μg L-1. The relative standard deviation and limit of detection were found to be 1.65 % and 0.003 μg L-1, respectively. Extraction recoveries were found in the range of 96 to 99 % by using certified reference materials (CRMs). The adsorbent capacity of PLinas-Ida was found to be 112 mg g-1. The VA-dSPµE method demonstrated its effectiveness in the pre-concentration and determination of chromium within samples of foodstuffs by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkiye; Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mir's, 66020 Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Tuzen
- Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkiye.
| | - Wahid Bux Jatoi
- Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mir's, 66020 Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Baki Hazer
- Department of Aircraft Airframe Engine Maintenance, Kapadokya University, 50420 Nevşehir, Turkiye; Departments of Chemistry/Nano Technology Engineering, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ji X, Liu J, Liang J, Feng X, Liu X, Wang Y, Chen X, Qu G, Yan B, Liu R. The hidden diet: Synthetic antioxidants in packaged food and their impact on human exposure and health. Environ Int 2024; 186:108613. [PMID: 38555663 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic antioxidants (AOs) are commonly used in everyday items and industrial products to inhibit oxidative deterioration. However, the presence of AOs in food packaging and packaged foods has not been thoroughly documented. Moreover, studies on human exposure to AOs through skin contact with packaging or ingesting packaged foods are limited. In this study, we analyzed twenty-three AOs-including synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) and organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs)-along with six transformation products in various food samples and their packaging materials. We found AOs in food products at concentrations ranging from 1.30 × 103 to 1.77 × 105 ng/g, which exceeded the levels in both outer packaging (6.05 × 102-3.07 × 104 ng/g) and inner packaging (2.27 × 102-1.09 × 105 ng/g). The most common AOs detected in foodstuffs were tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168O), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (AO1076), together constituting 95.7 % of the total AOs found. Our preliminary exposure assessment revealed that dietary exposure-estimated at a median of 2.55 × 104 ng/kg body weight/day for children and 1.24 × 104 ng/kg body weight/day for adults-is a more significant exposure route than dermal contact with packaging. Notably, four AOs were identified in food for the first time, with BHT making up 76.8 % and 67.6 % of the total BHT intake for children and adults, respectively. These findings suggest that food consumption is a significant source of BHT exposure. The estimated daily intakes of AOs via consumption of foodstuffs were compared with the recommended acceptable daily intake to assess the risks. This systematic investigation into AOs contributes to understanding potential exposure and health risks associated with AOs in packaged foods. It emphasizes the need for further evaluation of human exposure to these substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Ji
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiale Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoxia Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Runzeng Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ali J, Tuzen M, Jatoi WB, Hazer B. A novel block copolymer containing gadolinium oxide nanoparticles in ultrasound assisted-dispersive solid phase microextraction of total arsenic in human foodstuffs: A multivariate optimization methodology. Food Chem 2024; 437:137908. [PMID: 37925781 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A new poly(3-hydroxy butyrate)-b-poly(dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate) amphiphilic block copolymer containing gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (PHB-PDMAEMA-Gd2O3-NPs) were synthesized and used as composite adsorbent for extraction of total arsenic. Characterization of the composite adsorbent material PHB-PDMAEMA-Gd2O3-NP was studied using spectroscopic techniques. Plackett-Burman design and central composite design were employed to screening and optimization of the experimental parameters. This composite adsorbent was utilized in ultrasound assisted-dispersive solid phase microextraction (UA-dSPµE) for the determination of total inorganic arsenic in foodstuffs through hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). It demonstrates a linear relationship across arsenic concentration range of 0.07-1.12 µg/L with a correlation coefficient (0.996). It's showed an enrichment factor of 128 and a limit of detection 0.02 µg/L for total inorganic arsenic determination. Accuracy of the developed method was confirmed through the analysis of certified reference materials with 96.0-98.5% recovery. It proved to be significantly useful UA-dSPµE method for determining total inorganic arsenic in different foodstuffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkey; Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mir's 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Tuzen
- Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Wahid Bux Jatoi
- Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mir's 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Baki Hazer
- Department of Aircraft Airframe Engine Maintenance, Kapadokya University, 50420 Nevşehir, Turkey; Departments of Chemistry/Nano Technology Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ouakhssase A, Jalal M, Addi EA. Pesticide contamination pattern from Morocco, insights into the surveillance situation and health risk assessment: a review. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:313. [PMID: 38416294 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of pesticides in Morocco's agriculture renders their monitoring in food and environmental samples very necessary. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in reporting studies related to the monitoring of pesticide residues in food, water, groundwater, and soil as well as their quantitative health risk assessment. Most published studies have been done by university researchers. However, the lack of research reproducibility remains a problem that considerably limits the possibility of exploiting data from the literature. Our study involves an extensive literature review utilizing search engines with keywords like "pesticide residues," "monitoring," "vegetables and fruits," "water and soil," "risk assessment," and "Morocco" from 2009 to 2023. Analysis of pesticide residues in foodstuffs and environmental samples highlights concerns over compliance with EU regulations, the health risks associated with pesticide exposure, and the necessity for comprehensive monitoring and risk assessment strategies. This paper could help influence policies to develop a strategy and action plan for the sound management of pesticides, including measures to reduce their use, raise awareness, and monitor compliance. Also, this paper could be useful for scientists interested in understanding the current situation and challenges regarding pesticide residues in Morocco, as well as countries with which commercial links exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Ouakhssase
- Laboratoire des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Tanger, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco.
| | - Mariam Jalal
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Génétique Moléculaire (LBCGM), Faculté des sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Elhabib Ait Addi
- Equipe de recherche Génie des procédés et Ingénierie Chimique (GPIC), Ecole Supérieure de Technologie d'Agadir, B.P: 33/S, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Gizzerosine [2-amino-9-(4-imidazolyl)-7-azanonanoic acid] is a toxic amino acid formed from histamine and lysine at high temperatures, and may be present in foodstuffs (e.g., fishmeal and meat-bone meal) for animals including cats and dogs. Here we developed a simple, rapid, sensitive, specific, and automated method for the analysis of gizzerosine in foodstuffs by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) involving pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) in the presence of N-acetylcysteine (instead of the usual 2-mercaptoethanol or ethanethiol reagent). OPA reacted immediately (within 1 min) with gizzerosine in an autosampler at room temperatures (e.g., 20-25 °C), and their derivative was directly injected into the HPLC column. The highly fluorescent gizzerosine-OPA derivative was well separated from the OPA derivatives of all natural amino acids known to be present in physiological fluids (e.g., plasma), proteins and foodstuffs, and was detected at an excitation wavelength of 340 nm and an emission wavelength of 450 nm. The total time for chromatographic separation (including column regeneration) was 20 min per sample rather than 40 min and longer in previous HPLC methods. The detection limit for gizzerosine was at least 6 pmol/ml in an assay solution (HPLC vial) or at least 0.09 pmol per injection into the HPLC column. The analysis of gizzerosine was linear between 1 and 100 pmol per injection. When gizzerosine was extracted from foodstuffs, its detection limit was at least 875 pmol/g foodstuff or at least 0.21 mg/kg foodstuff. Our routine HPLC technique does not require any cleanup of samples or the OPA derivatization products (including the OPA-gizzerosine adduct), and is applicable for the analysis of gizzerosine in both foodstuffs and animal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- North American Renderers Association, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ugbede FO, Agbajor GK, Akpolile AF, Popoola FA, Okoye ONN, Akpobasahan EA, Umeche MA. Ingestion exposure of public to natural radionuclides and committed effective dose and cancer risk through tuber crops cultivated in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1385. [PMID: 37889342 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Internal exposure of public to radiation arising from ingestion of natural radionuclides in tuber crops of Ebonyi State origin was investigated in this study. Committed effective doses and lifetime cancer risk of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th in cassava, cocoyam, water yam, and white yam were calculated. The average activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th determined by gamma spectrometric Na (TI) detector were, respectively, 199.15 ± 23.51, 77.57 ± 7.98, and 118.20 ± 10.72 Bq/kg in cassava; 146.62 ± 40.69, 43.42 ± 7.63, and 75.61 ± 2.89 Bq/kg in cocoyam; 162.81 ± 20.43, 63.17 ± 11.36, and 81.50 ± 10.27 Bq/kg in water yam; and 184.50 ± 20.22, 80.23 ± 10.93, and 116.29 ± 5.93 Bq/kg in white yam. The total committed effective dose via ingestion aligned in this order of cassava (7.05 mSv/year) > white yam (4.38 mSv/year) > water yam (0.42 mSv/year) > cocoyam (0.21 mSv/year) with overall average dose of 3.12 mSv/year. The values of dose were higher than world average of 0.29 mSv/year given by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The lifetime cancer risk values were above tolerance level of >10-4 prescribed by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), suggesting probable evolvement of radiogenic cancer morbidity. The data presented in this study contributes to baseline information on radiological characteristics of tuber crops in Ebonyi, which would be valuable to WHO/FAO food safety policy in Nigeria and rest of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Felix Adegoke Popoola
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Glorious Vision University (Formerly Samuel Adegboyega University), Ogwa, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Okechukwu N N Okoye
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marins-Gonçalves L, Martins Ferreira M, Rocha Guidi L, De Souza D. Is chemical analysis suitable for detecting mycotoxins in agricultural commodities and foodstuffs? Talanta 2023; 265:124782. [PMID: 37339540 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the risks of mycotoxins to humans through consuming contaminated foods resulted in specific legislation that evaluates the presence, quantities, and type of mycotoxins in agricultural commodities and foodstuffs. Thus, to ensure compliance with legislation, food safety and consumer health, the development of suitable analytical procedures for identifying and quantifying mycotoxins in the free or modified form, in low-concentration and in complex samples is necessary. This review reports the application of the modern chemical methods of analysis employed in mycotoxin detection in agricultural commodities and foodstuffs. It is reported extraction methods with reasonable accuracy and those present characteristics according to guidelines of Green Analytical Chemistry. Recent trends in mycotoxins detection using analytical techniques are presented and discussed, evaluating the robustness, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity in the detection of different classes of mycotoxins. Sensitivity coming from modern chromatographic techniques allows the detection of very low concentrations of mycotoxins in complex samples. However, it is essential the development of more green, fast and more suitable accuracy extraction methods for mycotoxins, which agricultural commodities producers could use. Despite the high number of research reporting the use of chemically modified voltammetric sensors, mycotoxins detection still has limitations due to the low selectivity from similar chemical structures of mycotoxins. Furthermore, spectroscopic techniques are rarely employed due to the limited number of reference standards for calibration procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorranne Marins-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE), Chemistry Institute, Uberlândia Federal University, Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemistry Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University; Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil
| | - Mariana Martins Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemistry Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University; Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rocha Guidi
- Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemistry Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University; Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil
| | - Djenaine De Souza
- Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE), Chemistry Institute, Uberlândia Federal University, Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Food Engineering, Chemistry Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University; Patos de Minas Campus, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG, 38700-002, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Proshad R, Idris AM. Evaluation of heavy metals contamination in cereals, vegetables and fruits with probabilistic health hazard in a highly polluted megacity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27977-0. [PMID: 37289387 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) contamination in foodstuffs could pose serious health issues for public health and humans are continually exposed to HMs through the consumption of cereals, fruits, and vegetables. The present study was conducted to assess 11 HMs in foodstuffs to investigate pollution levels and health risks to children and adults. The mean contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Pb, Co, As, Mn and Ba in foodstuffs were 0.69, 2.73, 10.56, 6.60, 14.50, 9.63, 2.75, 0.50, 0.94, 15.39 and 0.43 mg/kg, respectively and the concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb were higher than maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) showing that these foods may be contaminated with metals and constitute a danger to consumers. Vegetables had relatively higher metal contents followed by cereals and fruits. The average value of the Nemerrow composite pollution index (NCPI) for cereals, fruits, and vegetables were 3.99, 6.53, and 11.34, respectively indicating cereal and fruits were moderately contaminated whereas vegetables were heavily contaminated by the studied metals. The total estimated daily and weekly intakes for all studied metals were higher than the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) and provisional tolerance weekly intake (PTWI) recommended by FAO/WHO. The target hazard quotients and hazard index of all studied metals exceeded the standard limit for adults and children suggesting significant non-carcinogenic health hazards. The total cancer risk value of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and As from food intake exceeded the threshold range (1.0E-04), suggesting potential carcinogenic risks. Based on practical and sensible evaluation techniques, the current work will assist policymakers in controlling metal contamination in foodstuffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
El Youssfi M, Sifou A, Ben Aakame R, Mahnine N, Arsalane S, Halim M, Laghzizil A, Zinedine A. Trace elements in Foodstuffs from the Mediterranean Basin-Occurrence, Risk Assessment, Regulations, and Prevention strategies: A review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2597-2626. [PMID: 35754061 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) are chemical compounds that naturally occur in the earth's crust and in living organisms at low concentrations. Anthropogenic activities can significantly increase the level of TEs in the environment and finally enter the food chain. Toxic TEs like cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury have no positive role in a biological system and can cause harmful effects on human health. Ingestion of contaminated food is a typical route of TEs intake by humans. Recent data about the occurrence of TEs in food available in the Mediterranean countries are considered in this review. Analytical methods are also discussed. Furthermore, a discussion of existing international agency regulations will be given. The risk associated with the dietary intake of TEs was estimated by considering consumer exposure and threshold values such as Benchmark dose lower confidence limit and provisional tolerable weekly intake established by the European Food Safety Authority and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, respectively. Finally, several remediation approaches to minimize TE contamination in foodstuffs were discussed including chemical, biological, biotechnological, and nanotechnological methods. The results of this study proved the occurrence of TEs contamination at high levels in vegetables and fish from some Mediterranean countries. Lead and cadmium are more abundant in foodstuffs than other toxic trace elements. Geographical variations in TE contamination of food crops clearly appear, with a greater risk in developing countries. There is still a need for the regular monitoring of these toxic element levels in food items to ensure consumer protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad El Youssfi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aicha Sifou
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Ben Aakame
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naima Mahnine
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Said Arsalane
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Halim
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP.1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Laghzizil
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Zinedine
- BIOMARE Laboratory, Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences, Route Ben Maachou, PO Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Islam MS, Mustafa RA, Phoungthong K, Islam ARMT, Islam T, Choudhury TR, Kabir MH, Ali MM, Idris AM. Arsenic in the foodstuffs: potential health appraisals in a developing country, Bangladesh. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:26938-26951. [PMID: 36374382 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of highly poisonous arsenic (As) elements in food concerns humans and animals. In Bangladesh, arsenic-contaminated groundwater is frequently utilized for agricultural irrigation. This is a significant source of arsenic pollution in the human food chain. For the first time, we investigated the presence of total arsenic in various foodstuffs obtained from 30 distinct agricultural eco-zones of Bangladesh to understand human exposure to arsenic through the food chain in Bangladesh. The greatest and lowest As concentrations were reported in fish among the examined dietary items (0.55 mg/kg, fw) and fruit (0.0068 mg/kg, fw), respectively. The results show that arsenic consumption from daily diet and food with drinking water was estimated to be 0.0352 mg/day for rural residents and 0.2002 mg/day for urban residents, respectively. The highest target hazard quotients (THQ) of arsenic in the fish samples surpassed the allowable limit (> 1), proving that fish are the primary dietary items influencing the possible danger to health. However, the target cancer risk (TR) from nutritional arsenic consumption was likewise higher than tolerable. A value of 10-4 indicates that Bangladeshi people are continuously exposed to arsenic, which has carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic dangers. Overall, our results highlight that people in Bangladesh are exposed to hazardous levels of arsenic throughout the food chain, which should be addressed to ensure the country's food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, DumkiPatuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
| | | | - Khamphe Phoungthong
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | | | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Tasrina Rabia Choudhury
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Mir Mohammad Ali
- Department of Aquaculture, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bi R, Su G. Dietary intake assessment of known and unknown organophosphate esters (OPEs) in foodstuffs via high-resolution mass spectrometry. Sci Total Environ 2023; 854:158452. [PMID: 36063922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We applied an integrated target, suspect, and non-target screening strategy to analyze known and unknown organophosphate esters (OPEs) in 107 foodstuffs collected from Nanjing City, China, in 2020. Twelve out of 19 target OPEs were detectable in at least one of the analyzed samples. Among the nine food categories, meat samples were contaminated the most severely with a mean ΣOPEs concentration of 68.5 ng/g wet weight (ww). In most food categories, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate was the predominant OPE with a mean concentrations of 2.26 ng/g ww. In the food extract samples, suspect and non-target analysis identified other 6 suspect OPEs and 1 non-target OPE, of which two were fully identified as tri-m-cresyl phosphate, and trihexyl phosphate. Based on the measured OPE concentrations, we estimated the daily per capita dietary intakes of ΣOPEs for Nanjing residents to be 423 ng/kg bw/day, which is less than the reference dosage value of each OPE. Collectively, this study provides new information regarding the comprehensive identification of OPEs in foodstuffs, and revealed the importance of dietary risk assessment of this emerging class of contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Bi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094 Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsukatani T, Kuroda R, Kawaguchi T. Screening biofilm eradication activity of ethanol extracts from foodstuffs: potent biofilm eradication activity of glabridin, a major flavonoid from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), alone and in combination with ɛ-poly-L-lysine. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:24. [PMID: 34989883 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ethanol extracts of 155 different foodstuffs containing medicinal plants were investigated for their biofilm eradication activities against pathogenic bacteria. A combined method of a colorimetric microbial viability assay based on reduction of a tetrazolium salt (WST-8) and a biofilm formation technique on the 96-pins of a microtiter plate lid was used to screen the biofilm eradication activities of foodstuffs. The ethanol extracts of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) showed potent biofilm eradication activities against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Among the antimicrobial constituents in licorice, glabridin had the most potent eradication activities against microbial biofilms. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration of glabridin was 25-50 μg/ml. Furthermore, the combination of glabridin with ɛ-poly-L-lysine, a food additive, could result in broad biofilm eradication activities towards a wide variety of bacteria associated with infection, including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Tsukatani
- Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, 1465-5 Aikawamachi, Kurume, 839-0861, Japan.
| | - Rieko Kuroda
- Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, 1465-5 Aikawamachi, Kurume, 839-0861, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kawaguchi
- Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, 1465-5 Aikawamachi, Kurume, 839-0861, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Proshad R, Islam MS, Kormoker T, Sayeed A, Khadka S, Idris AM. Potential toxic metals (PTMs) contamination in agricultural soils and foodstuffs with associated source identification and model uncertainty. Sci Total Environ 2021; 789:147962. [PMID: 34051494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The research aimed to find out physiochemical properties, metal concentration, sources of metals using statistical analyses, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model using 315 soil and 250 foodstuff samples (25 species) in Jhenidah as well as Kushtia district, Bangladesh. The range of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Ni and Cr contents (mg/kg) in soils were found to be 0.97-114.72, 0.11-7.51, 1.07-23.38, 0.89-122.91, 0.91-77.32 and 0.7-23.03 mg/kg, respectively, whereas those in foodstuff samples were found to be 0.46-11.48, 0.30-11.54, 0.47-9.21, 0.20-3.59, 0.001-1.76, and 0.27-5.93 mg/kg, respectively. PMF model revealed that Cu (81.4%) in the study area soils were predominantly contributed by vehicular fuel combustion, Cr (84.9%) was primarily of natural origin, Pb (73%) resulted from traffic emissions, Cd (74.3%), and As (63.4%) mainly came from agricultural practices while Ni (70.9%) was dominated as industrial pollution. EF > 1.5 of Cu, As, and Pb suggesting mild contamination; however, soils from all the studied sites revealed moderate potential ecological risk. Cr recorded BCF values of >1 in the majority of the examined crops, suggesting higher uptake of Cr than other metals. Cr, Ni, As, and Pb showed cancer risks from food intake and risk values were greater than the threshold range (10-4), suggesting potential cancer risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki-8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Tapos Kormoker
- Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki-8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Sayeed
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology and Marketing, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki 8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Sujan Khadka
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gbadamosi MR, Abdallah MAE, Harrad S. A critical review of human exposure to organophosphate esters with a focus on dietary intake. Sci Total Environ 2021; 771:144752. [PMID: 33540161 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are common additives in a wide range of commercial and industrial products. Elevated and prolonged exposure to OPEs may induce several adverse effects. This is concerning as they are ubiquitous in air, indoor dust, drinking water, and other environmental matrices. However, information on the presence of OPEs in foodstuffs and consequent health risks remains scant. This review critically evaluates available information on levels and sources of OPEs in food, discusses the relative significance of diet as a pathway of human exposure, identifies knowledge gaps, and suggests directions for future research. For toddlers, dermal uptake from dust ingestion appears the predominant pathway of exposure to chlorinated OPEs, as well as ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP). In contrast, diet appears the main pathway of exposure to all eight OPEs considered for adults, and for tri n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris 2-ethylhexyl phosphate (TEHP), and tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) for toddlers. While summed exposures via all pathways are within reference dose (RfD) values, they do not include high-end exposure estimates, and for highly-exposed individuals, the margin between exposure and RfD values is smaller. Moreover, our exposure estimates are based on a meta-analysis of multiple exposure assessments conducted over a range of points in space and time. There is an urgent need for assessments of human exposure to OPEs that examine all relevant pathways in a spatially and temporally-consistent fashion. Given food is an important exposure pathway to OPEs, regular monitoring of their presence as well as their metabolites (that may have toxicological significance) in foodstuffs is recommended. While dermal uptake from indoor dust appears an important human exposure pathway, no evaluations exist of exposure via dermal uptake from OPE-containing products such as foam-filled furniture. This review also highlights very few data exist on OPEs in drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
González N, Marquès M, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Temporal trend of the dietary exposure to metals/metalloids: A case study in Tarragona County, Spain. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110469. [PMID: 34399467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, samples of various food groups were randomly purchased in different establishments of Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). The levels of As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl and V were determined in the analyzed foodstuffs and their dietary intakes were estimated. Manganese was the element showing the highest concentration, while Be, Cr and Tl were not detected in any of the samples. Fish and shellfish was the only food group with detectable traces of all the remaining elements. The current levels were compared with the results of two previous surveys conducted in 1998 and 2013 in the same area. Although the levels of the analyzed elements in foodstuffs increased during the period 2013-2018, their intakes decreased by an average of 60%, due to consumption patterns changes by the population. Children and adolescents exceeded the maximum recommended intake of Ni set by the EFSA, while the dietary exposure to Pb for children was also above safety values. Compared with the concentrations found in 2013, Ni was the only element showing an increase, as well as an increase of human dietary intake. Meat, vegetables and milk were identified as the main contributors to Ni exposure. This trend was also correlated with changes in the biological burden of the same elements previously reported for the population of the area, for whom an increase of Ni in lungs was reported. Based on these results, Ni should be included as a target metal by food safety authorities, being suggested its inclusion in future Total Diet Studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neus González
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Navale V, Vamkudoth KR, Ajmera S, Dhuri V. Aspergillus derived mycotoxins in food and the environment: Prevalence, detection, and toxicity. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1008-1030. [PMID: 34408970 PMCID: PMC8363598 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus species are the paramount ubiquitous fungi that contaminate various food substrates and produce biochemicals known as mycotoxins. Aflatoxins (AFTs), ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), citrinin (CIT), aflatrem (AT), secalonic acids (SA), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), terrein (TR), sterigmatocystin (ST) and gliotoxin (GT), and other toxins produced by species of Aspergillus plays a major role in food and human health. Mycotoxins exhibited wide range of toxicity to the humans and animal models even at nanomolar (nM) concentration. Consumption of detrimental mycotoxins adulterated foodstuffs affects human and animal health even trace amounts. Bioaerosols consisting of spores and hyphal fragments are active elicitors of bronchial irritation and allergy, and challenging to the public health. Aspergillus is the furthermost predominant environmental contaminant unswervingly defile lives with a 40-90 % mortality risk in patients with conceded immunity. Genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics approaches useful for mycotoxins' detection which are expensive. Antibody based detection of toxins chemotypes may result in cross-reactivity and uncertainty. Aptamers (APT) are single stranded DNA (ssDNA/RNA), are specifically binds to the target molecules can be generated by systematic evolution of ligands through exponential enrichment (SELEX). APT are fast, sensitive, simple, in-expensive, and field-deployable rapid point of care (POC) detection of toxins, and a better alternative to antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwambar Navale
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Koteswara Rao Vamkudoth
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vaibhavi Dhuri
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie Z, Cao N, Wang C. A review on β-carboline alkaloids and their distribution in foodstuffs: A class of potential functional components or not? Food Chem 2021; 348:129067. [PMID: 33548760 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologically active β-carboline alkaloids (βCs) such as harman, norharman and some others are naturally present in plants and occur in many foodstuffs. They have a lot of pharmacological properties, including antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, and possess the potential for treating Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression and other central nervous system diseases. Dietary intake is proven to be an important source of βCs. Therefore, it is important to know the amounts of βCs that can be gotten from daily diets. This review summarizes the pharmacological activities, toxicology and formation of βCs, and gives collective information on contents of βCs in different foodstuffs.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Y, Tian C, Wang Z, He D, Wu N, Zhang H, He S, Pan L, Ying C. Health risk and temporal trend of dietary potentially toxic elements exposure in the residents of the Shenzhen metropolis, China, between 2005 and 2017: a risk assessment based on probabilistic estimation. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:113-126. [PMID: 32748301 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dietary potentially toxic elements (PTEs) exposure in developing countries is of great concern. Probabilistic estimation exhibits great superiority in risk assessment by dealing with the variability and uncertainty of the parameters. Here, a probabilistic estimation based on two dimensions, PTEs in foods and food intake, was conducted. A total of 13 foods were collected from Shenzhen markets during 2005-2017, and the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, and As were detected. A total of 853 residents from 245 households participated in a total diet study. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg and As were 0.046, 0.0196, 0.0038, and 0.029 mg kg-1 in cereals, 0.042, 0.0174, 0.0027, and 0.014 mg kg-1 in vegetables, 0.044, 0.0237, 0.0056, and 0.021 mg kg-1 in meat, and 0.081, 0.1035, 0.0257, and 0.680 mg kg-1 in aquatic products, respectively. The probability density function showed that the 95th percentiles of the Pb, Cd, Hg, As hazard quotients (HQ) and the hazard index (HI) were 0.68, 1.57, 0.38, 5.81 and 7.51, respectively. Cumulative probability and sensitivity analysis showed that cereals and vegetables contributed most to Pb and Cd exposure; aquatic products to Hg exposure; and cereals and aquatic products to As exposure. The results showed that Shenzhen residents were at risk of exposure to Cd, As, and four PTEs in combination, although a temporal decreasing trend was observed. The probabilistic estimation used here reveals a complete picture of multiple PTEs exposure risk and identifies major contributing food categories, providing a valuable means for risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Tian
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongliang He
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Central Hospital of Hengyang City, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuiqing He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liubo Pan
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chenjiang Ying
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins that have both structural and metabolic functions in humans and other animals. In mammals, birds, fish, and crustaceans, proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. All animals can synthesize de novo alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, and serine, whereas most mammals (including humans and pigs) can synthesize de novo arginine. Results of extensive research over the past three decades have shown that humans and other animals have dietary requirements for AAs that are synthesizable de novo in animal cells. Recent advances in analytical methods have allowed us to determine all proteinogenic AAs in foods consumed by humans, livestock, poultry, fish, and crustaceans. Both plant- and animal-sourced foods contain high amounts of glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine, and branched-chain AAs. Cysteine, glycine, lysine, methionine, proline, threonine, and tryptophan generally occur in low amounts in plant products but are enriched in animal products. In addition, taurine and creatine (essential for the integrity and function of tissues) are absent from plants but are abundant in meat and present in all animal-sourced foods. A combination of plant- and animal products is desirable for the healthy diets of humans and omnivorous animals. Furthermore, animal-sourced feedstuffs can be included in the diets of farm and companion animals to cost-effectively improve their growth performance, feed efficiency, and productivity, while helping to sustain the global animal agriculture (including aquaculture).
Collapse
|
20
|
Hrioua A, Loudiki A, Farahi A, Bakasse M, Lahrich S, Saqrane S, El Mhammedi MA. Recent advances in electrochemical sensors for amoxicillin detection in biological and environmental samples. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 137:107687. [PMID: 33160182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Amoxicillin (AMX) is among the most successful antibiotics used for human therapy. It is used extensively to prevent or treat bacterial infections in humans and animals. However, the widespread distribution and excess utilization of AMX can be an environmental and health risk due to the hazardous potential associated to its pharmaceutical industries effluents. Besides, their extensive use in food animal production may result in some undesirable residues in food, e.g. meat, eggs and milk. Consequently, at high enough concentrations in biological fluids, AMX may be responsible of various diseases such as nausea, vomiting, rashes, and antibiotic-associated colitis. For this reason, the detection and quantification of amoxicillin in pharmaceuticals, biological fluids, environmental samples and foodstuffs require new electroanalytical techniques with sensitive and rapid measurement abilities. This review discusses recent advances in the development of electrochemical sensors and bio-sensors for AMX analysis in complex matrices such as pharmaceuticals, biological fluids, environmental water and foodstuffs. The main electrochemical sensors used are based on chemically modified electrodes involving carbon materials and nanomaterials, nanoparticles, polymers and biological recognition molecules.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ishikawa-Takata K, Kurotani K, Adachi M, Takimoto H. Frequency of meals that includes staple, main and side dishes and nutrient intake: findings from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2618-28. [PMID: 32654676 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and a straightforward Japanese nutritional goal of consuming a meal that includes staple, main and side dishes (SMS meal) more than twice a day. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional, observational study using the data from de-identified records of the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary assessment was conducted using semi-weighed dietary records that were completed on one weekday. SETTING A home-based setting in Japan. PARTICIPANTS 30 269 subjects (male n 14 284; female n 15 985) aged ≥6 years (6-103 years, mean 50·4 (sd 22·3) years). RESULTS As the frequency of SMS meals increased, we found a higher intake of most nutrients and each food group. Subjects who consumed SMS meals at least twice a day were more likely to meet the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for Japan compared with subjects who consumed an SMS meal once a day or less. However, the frequency of SMS meals did not necessarily ensure that DRI for Japan for saturated fatty acid, vitamin A, vitamin B1, calcium, iron and salt were met. CONCLUSIONS Consuming SMS meals at least twice a day is a useful and straightforward nutrition goal to achieve adequate intake of some nutrients. However, it is necessary to provide the public with more information on foodstuff choice to ensure an adequate intake of all nutrients.
Collapse
|
22
|
Aviat F, Le Bayon I, Federighi M, Montibus M. Comparative study of microbiological transfer from four materials used in direct contact with apples. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108780. [PMID: 32682208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several materials such as plastic, wood, cardboard or stainless steel are used as working surfaces or packaging in direct contact with foodstuffs. In food industries, the hygienic surface status is one of the criteria to product conform packaging as described in the European regulation ECR 1935/2004. Today in European Union, it exists one harmonized regulation specific for Food Contact material made of plastic called EU N°10/2011 (Anonymous 2011a). This regulation specifies that materials intended for safe foodstuff contact must not modify food characteristics in terms of chemical, microbiological and sensorial properties. This study aims to compare the survival and transfer of Penicillium expansum conidia and Escherichia coli cells from several materials to apples. Poplar, cardboards, newly manufactured plastic and reusable plastic specimens were artificially inoculated with both microorganisms, subsequently put in contact with apples and stored under realistic storage conditions. After incubation for up to 1 week, apples and specimens were analysed to assess the survival of the microorganisms and their transfer from materials to apples. While P. expansum survived and did not grow on any of the materials, E. coli mortality was observed after 1 h on wood and cardboard and after 1 week on both plastics. The proportion of microorganisms transferred was different according to the considered material. This transfer was lower than 1% for wood.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hachinohe M, Shinano T. Large-scale sampling and radioactivity analysis of agricultural soil and food during nuclear emergencies in Japan: Variations over time in foodstuffs inspection and sampling. J Environ Radioact 2020; 218:106262. [PMID: 32421582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of radioactivity in food and agricultural ecosystems is an essential task for keeping the population safe after a nuclear emergency. Prior to the Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in 2011, the probability of such an accident, combining complex effects of natural and technical factors, was not reflected in detail in national emergency preparedness guidelines. The lack of such guidelines resulted in a limited efficiency response to the Fukushima accident in agriculture. This outcome showed a need for the preparation of such guidelines as a part of emergency preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergences. This paper provides information and generic, non-country-specific guidance on approaches to sampling food. The paper is intended for scientists, policy makers and decision makers involved in nuclear emergency preparedness and responses, particularly on large scales and at different stages of nuclear emergency based on lessons learned from the FDNPP accident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Hachinohe
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | - Takuro Shinano
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 50 Aza-Harajyukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N9W9, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mentana A, Nardiello D, Palermo C, Centonze D. Accurate glutamate monitoring in foodstuffs by a sensitive and interference-free glutamate oxidase based disposable amperometric biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1115:16-22. [PMID: 32370865 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
L-Glutamate (L-Glu) is a well-known flavour enhancer that is present in several foodstuffs. Although L-Glu is generally recognized as safe, the use in foodstuffs remains controversial and then its fast and accurate monitoring represents an important issue. In this work a sensitive and interference-free disposable amperometric biosensor for glutamate monitoring in foodstuffs was developed. The biosensor was prepared by immobilizing glutamate oxidase through co-crosslinking with bovine serum albumin and glutaraldehyde onto a screen printed disposable platinum electrode modified with a permselective overoxidized polypyrrole film. The enzyme immobilization was optimized by using different experimental procedures. The optimized glutamate biosensor was integrated in a flow injection system and characterized in terms of linearity (0.005-1.0 mM, r2 = 0.992), limits of detection (1.8 μM) and quantitation (5.4 μM), repeatability (RSD < 3%) and stability of response under operational conditions (up to 50 h, over 400 analysis). The biosensor showed also excellent anti-interference characteristics towards the main electroactive interferents present in food matrices, and this allowed the application to the accurate monitoring of glutamate in different foodstuffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Mentana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, via Napoli, 25 - 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Donatella Nardiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, via Napoli, 25 - 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmen Palermo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, via Napoli, 25 - 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia, via Napoli, 25 - 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li H, Liu S, Hassan MM, Ali S, Ouyang Q, Chen Q, Wu X, Xu Z. Rapid quantitative analysis of Hg 2+ residue in dairy products using SERS coupled with ACO-BP-AdaBoost algorithm. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 223:117281. [PMID: 31234020 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with multivariate calibrations were employed to develop a rapid, simple and sensitive method for determination of mercury ions residues in dairy products. Initially, spherical Au@SiO2 core shell nanoparticles with highly enhancement effect were synthesized to serve as the SERS substrate. Afterwards, an optical sensor system, namely micro-Raman spectroscopy system, was constructed for rapid acquisition of Au@SiO2-mercury ions spectra. Then, ant colony optimization (ACO) and genetic algorithm (GA) were applied comparatively for selecting the characteristic variables from the Savitzky Golay-First derivative (SG-FD) processing data for subsequent quantitative analysis. Eventually, both linear (PLS and SW-MLR) and nonlinear (BPANN and BP-AdaBoost) methods were used for modeling. Experimental results showed that the variables selection methods significantly improved the model performance. Especially for the ACO algorithm, and the ACO-BP-AdaBoost model achieved the best results with the higher correlation coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.997), and lower root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP = 0.092) than other quantification models. Paired sample t-test exhibited no statistically significant difference (sig > 0.05) between the reference concentrations determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the predicted concentrations by ACO-BP-AdaBoost model in adulterated foodstuffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Mehedi Hassan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujat Ali
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment in Agricultural Products Preservation Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu W, Liu J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Yang X, Duan L, Dharmarajan R, Wang X, Li L. Simultaneous determination of 20 disperse dyes in foodstuffs by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 300:125183. [PMID: 31336276 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A reasonable, high sensitive and accurate analytical method for the determination of 20 allergenic disperse dyes in foodstuffs was developed and validated. The obtained results showed that an ultra high liquid performance chromatography system - equipped with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) proved to be ideal for the selected method enabling multidimensional processing of the samples. Under optimized conditions, validation results showed excellent linearity (5-1000 µg/L, r2 ≥ 0.997), limits of detection (LODs, 1.1-10.8 μg/kg), recoveries (60.2-110.3%) and precision (RSDs ≤ 12.6%) for the twenty disperse dyes under investigation. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of 20 disperse dyes in real foodstuffs demonstrating the validity and applicability of the current method for continuing monitoring of the selected dyes. The proposed UHPLC-MS/MS is thus proved to be a convenient, effective, sensitive and timesaving method for the isolation and determination of allergenic disperse dyes in edible packaging and other foodstuffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liu
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Technology, Xinjiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Urumqi, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China; School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Luchun Duan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rajarathnam Dharmarajan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Xiyuan Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China; Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Minh NH, Tran TM, Hue NTM, Minh TB, Tuyet-Hanh TT. Bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs in foodstuffs near Bien Hoa and Da Nang airbases: assessment on sources and distribution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:28852-28859. [PMID: 31385247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this survey, food items were collected from vicinities of Bien Hoa and Da Nang airbase and determined for polychloro-dibenzo-dioxins and polychloro-dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) to assess their accumulation, distribution in the local food items, and risk of PCDD/F exposure through consumption of the local foods. Dioxin compounds were determined using isotope dilution method which is slightly modified from US-EPA method 1613B. The dioxin concentration was the highest in fish followed by eggs, chicken, meat (pork and beef), and vegetables. Particularly, in Bien Hoa airbase, the mean concentrations of dioxin on TEQ and lipid basis (except for vegetables) were 26 pg/g for fish, 13 pg/g for eggs, 20 pg/g for chicken, 4.5 pg/g for meat, and 0.34 pg/g fresh wt for vegetables. In Da Nang airbase, the mean levels of dioxin on TEQ and lipid basis were slightly lower, 12.9 pg/g for fish, 8.7 pg/g for eggs, 5.9 pg/g for chicken, 6.7 pg/g for meat, and 0.17 pg/g for vegetables. It has been interesting to observe that free-range chicken expose to higher level of dioxin than caged chicken. In some free-range chicken, the portion of 2,3,7,8-TCDD was relatively high and implying recent exposure to dioxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hung Minh
- Northern Center for Environmental Monitoring (NCEM), Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), No.556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Minh Hue
- Northern Center for Environmental Monitoring (NCEM), Vietnam Environment Administration (VEA), No.556 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rahman M, Islam MA. Concentrations and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Cereals, Fruits, and Vegetables of Bangladesh. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:243-253. [PMID: 30612302 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine concentrations of five toxic trace elements (Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb) in cereals, fruits, and vegetables of Bangladesh. The range of mass fractions (mg/kg) of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb in the foodstuffs was 0.090-2.5, 0.03-2.6, 0.13-1.7, 0.010-0.74, and 0.37-2.2, respectively. This study indicates that concentration of Cr, and Pb in fruits; As, Cd, and Pb in vegetables were higher than WHO/FAO maximum allowable concentration levels. The hazard index (HI) values for adults and children of the toxic elements in studied cereals, fruits and vegetables were higher than 1.0, suggesting non-carcinogenic adverse health hazard to the consumers. The estimated target carcinogenic risk (TCR) values were greater than the threshold level of 1.0 × 10-4 for Cr and Cd in cereals and vegetables indicate potential cancer risk to both adults and children for consumption of the foodstuffs. The present study reveals that trace elements contamination in foodstuffs is a serious issue of concern in Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rahman
- Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - M A Islam
- Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
- Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gdoura-Ben Amor M, Jan S, Baron F, Grosset N, Culot A, Gdoura R, Gautier M, Techer C. Toxigenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus cereus group bacteria isolated from Tunisian foodstuffs. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:196. [PMID: 31445510 PMCID: PMC6708205 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the importance of the B. cereus group as major foodborne pathogens that may cause diarrheal and/or emetic syndrome(s), no study in Tunisia has been conducted in order to characterize the pathogenic potential of the B. cereus group. The aim of this study was to assess the sanitary potential risks of 174 B. cereus group strains isolated from different foodstuffs by detecting and profiling virulence genes (hblA, hblB, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, bceT and ces), testing the isolates cytotoxic activity on Caco-2 cells and antimicrobial susceptibility towards 11 antibiotics. RESULTS The entertoxin genes detected among B. cereus isolates were, in decreasing order, nheA (98.9%), nheC (97.7%) and nheB (86.8%) versus hblC (54.6%), hblD (54.6%), hblA (29.9%) and hblB (14.9%), respectively encoding for Non-hemolytic enterotoxin (NHE) and Hemolysin BL (HBL). The isolates are multi-toxigenic, harbouring at least one gene of each NHE and HBL complexes associated or not to bceT, cytK-2 and ces genes. Based on the incidence of virulence genes, the strains were separated into 12 toxigenic groups. Isolates positive for cytK (37,9%) harbored the cytK-2 variant. The detection rates of bceT and ces genes were 50.6 and 4%, respectively. When bacteria were incubated in BHI-YE at 30 °C for 18 h and for 5 d, 70.7 and 35% of the strains were shown to be cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells, respectively. The cytotoxicity of B. cereus strains depended on the food source of isolation. The presence of virulence factors is not always consistent with cytotoxicity. However, different combinations of enterotoxin genetic determinants are significantly associated to the cytotoxic potential of the bacteria. All strains were fully sensitive to rifampicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin. The majority of the isolates were susceptible to streptomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, vancomycin and tetracycline but showed resistance to ampicillin and novobiocin. CONCLUSION Our results contribute data that are primary to facilitate risk assessments in order to prevent food poisoning due to B. cereus group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Gdoura-Ben Amor
- Laboratory Research of Toxicology-Microbiology Environmental and Health LR17ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Equipe Microbiologie, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France.
| | - Sophie Jan
- Equipe Microbiologie, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
| | - Florence Baron
- Equipe Microbiologie, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
| | - Noël Grosset
- Equipe Microbiologie, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Culot
- Equipe Microbiologie, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- Mixscience, Rue des Courtillons, ZAC Cissé Blossac, 35712, Bruz, France
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Laboratory Research of Toxicology-Microbiology Environmental and Health LR17ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Michel Gautier
- Equipe Microbiologie, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
| | - Clarisse Techer
- Mixscience, Rue des Courtillons, ZAC Cissé Blossac, 35712, Bruz, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li J, Zhao L, Letcher RJ, Zhang Y, Jian K, Zhang J, Su G. A review on organophosphate Ester (OPE) flame retardants and plasticizers in foodstuffs: Levels, distribution, human dietary exposure, and future directions. Environ Int 2019; 127:35-51. [PMID: 30901640 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Given the ongoing studies on the adverse effects of organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants and plasticizers on human health, there is an increasing scientific interest in the risk of exposure to OPEs via dietary intake. Using peer-reviewed literature published up to 2018, this review surveyed and compiled the available and reported data on the concentrations and distributions of 30 OPEs based on their occurrence in various food samples from around the world. Regardless of sampling locations or food categories, 22 OPEs were detectable in at least one of analyzed sample, and there were clear variations in OPE levels among samples from different locations or food categories. For instance, cereals and fats/oils were the most contaminated by OPEs in China and Belgium, whereas fats/oils and desserts were the main polluted products in Sweden. In contrast, vegetables, fruits, fluid dairy products, and cereals were reported as the primary categories of food polluted by OPEs in Australia. Animal-based food categories such as eggs, fish and meat were the least contaminated, whereas the highest median OPE concentrations were found in meat and fish from the United State. The levels and distribution patterns of OPEs in foodstuffs demonstrated a tremendous difference even when collected from the same country and the same food item. Rice from China had the highest tris(2‑chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP, mean: 29.8 ng/g dw) levels, whereas 2‑ethylhexyl‑diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP, mean: 4.17 ng/g ww), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP, mean: 26.14 ng/g ww), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP, mean: 0.87 ng/g ww) and tributyl phosphate (TNBP, median: 0.55 ng/g ww) concentrations were the highest in the same food category from Sweden, Belgium, Australia, and the United States, respectively. These discrepancies may be due to a variety of reasons such as differences in OPE physico-chemical properties, extent of usage, uptake, metabolic pathways, industrial food manufacturing processes, OPE level differences as a function of habitat, and accumulation and degradability of OPEs in different species. It is worth noting that, due to its worldwide usage in food packaging materials, EHDPP was more prominently found in processed food compared to non-processed food. Based on reported OPE levels in various foods, this review conducted a preliminary assessment of human exposure to OPEs through dietary intake, which suggested that the OPE estimated daily intake (EDI) for humans was around 880 ng/kg bw/day (95th percentile). This value was well below the corresponding OPE health reference dose given by the U.S. EPA (≥15,000 ng/kg bw/day). Even so, dietary exposure to OPEs via food intake may be not negligible based on some important factors such as dilution effects, cooking processes, and the contribution of as yet unknown means of OPE exposure. Overall, this review highlights several gaps in our understanding of OPEs in foodstuffs: 1) the investigation of contamination levels of OPEs in foodstuffs should be extended to other regions, especially North America and European countries, where OPEs are widely used and frequently detected in environmental samples, and 2) newly identified OPE derivatives/by-products, e.g., OP diesters and hydroxylated metabolites, which have been reported as end-products of OPE enzymatic metabolism or degradation through aqueous hydrolysis, and which may co-exist with parent OPEs, could also be screened with precursor OPEs in foodstuffs in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Luming Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Yayun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Kang Jian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang J, Zhao X, Wang Y, Shi Z. Tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane isomers and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in foodstuffs from Beijing, China: Contamination levels, dietary exposure and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2019; 666:812-820. [PMID: 30818205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) are three legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs); however, they are still produced and used in China. In this study, these three BFRs were measured in commonly consumed animal-based and plant-based foodstuffs from Beijing, China, and the dietary intakes of these BFRs by adults in Beijing were estimated to assess the related health concerns. The median levels of TBBPA in animal-based foodstuffs ranged from <LOD to 8.03 ng/g lipid weight (lw), whereas those in all the plant-based food groups were lower than the LOD. The median levels of total HBCD in animal-based foodstuffs were from 1.14 to 5.65 ng/g lw, and α-HBCD was the predominant isomer. The median HBCD level in vegetables was 0.266 ng/g wet weight (ww), whereas γ-HBCD was the most abundant isomer. The median levels of total PBDEs in animal-based foodstuffs were from 3.22 to 13.7 ng/g lw, and BDE-209 was the most abundant congener, comprising a proportion of at least 85% of total PBDEs. The daily dietary intakes of TBBPA, HBCD and PBDEs for adults in Beijing were 2.52, 2.74 and 9.77 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively. Meat consumption was found to be the primary source of BFR dietary intake. A comparison between the calculated estimated daily intakes (EDIs) and the corresponding threshold reference values (TRVs) indicated that daily intake of BFRs via food consumption is unable to cause significant health risks. Likewise, the margin of exposures (MOEs) calculated following the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) approach were far higher than the threshold, which also proved that the EDIs of BFRs are unlikely to raise significant health concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Wang
- Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 110113, China; School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhao
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Deceuninck Y, Bichon E, Gény T, Veyrand B, Grandin F, Viguié C, Marchand P, Le Bizec B. Quantitative method for conjugated metabolites of bisphenol A and bisphenol S determination in food of animal origin by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:232-42. [PMID: 31097297 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
With the objectives of both generating bisphenols (BPs) conjugates occurrence data in food from animal origin but also investigating the origin of associated contamination, the present study deals with the development of an efficient analytical method aiming at monitoring both BPA and BPS conjugated metabolites in food from animal origin. The objective of such monitoring is to determine the origin of BPs contamination (FCM or animal contamination). The targeted compounds were BPA-monoglucuronide (BPA-1G), BPA-diglucuronide (BPA-2G), BPA-monosulfate (BPA-1S), BPA-disulfate (BPA-2S) and BPS-monoglucuronide (BPS-1G). The developed standard operating procedure includes a preliminary solid-liquid extraction step followed by two successive solid phase extraction (SPE) stages, using successively a non-polar phase and a strong cation exchange polymer. Quantification was achieved according to both the isotopic dilution and surrogated quantification methods, using 13C-BPA-1G and BPA-d6-1S as internal standards. Linearity was validated (R2 > 0.99) for each molecule within the concentration range [0-10] μg kg-1. Detection limits ranged from 0.02 μg kg-1 (BPA-1G in muscle, BPA-1S and BPA-2G in liver) to 0.50 μg kg-1 (BPA-2S in muscle). The strategy was then proven on liver samples collected from pregnant ewes subcutaneously exposed to BPA during 105 days, at 50 μg kg-1 per day. BPA-1G, BPA-2G and BPA-1S were detected and quantified at a concentration of 3.81 μg kg-1, 0.80 μg kg-1 and 0.09 μg kg-1, respectively. The analytical method was finally implemented on fifty unpacked food samples from animal origin in which significant free BPA concentrations were previously measured. Since no metabolites of BPA could be measured (<LOD), it means that such free BPA present in the samples originates from direct contact of the food item with a material containing BPA.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hu Y, Zhou J, Du B, Liu H, Zhang W, Liang J, Zhang W, You L, Zhou J. Health risks to local residents from the exposure of heavy metals around the largest copper smelter in China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 171:329-336. [PMID: 30616149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-ferrous smelting releases lots of heavy metals to the environment. Although numerous studies have focused on pollution in the environment, fewer have studied the adverse health effects. In the current study, samples of food, hair and urine were collected and analyzed for zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) from residents of 3 villages near the largest copper smelter in China. The estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI) were used to estimate and analyze the health risks to local residents (children, adults, and seniors). The Zn, Cr, Ni, Fe, Pb and Cu concentrations in food ranged from 16.02 to 61.48 mg kg-1, 0.23-13.64 mg kg-1, 0.10-5.90 mg kg-1, 19.16-170.05 mg kg-1, 0.15-3.62 mg kg-1, and 0.53-2.74 mg kg-1, respectively. Zn, Cr, Ni and Pb concentrations in all vegetables were above the national tolerance limits. Children had higher EDIs of heavy metals than that of adults and seniors. The THQ of single elements and the HI of combined elements indicated that the EDI of Pb and Cu showed the highest potential health risks, followed by the EDI of Zn and Fe, and Ni, Cr. High EDI of heavy metals resulted in much higher concentrations of heavy metals in hair and urine samples than those of normal Chinese residents, showing that residents around the smelter have potential health risks through daily food intake. The main sources of these heavy metals were from the consumption of rice and vegetables and it is imperative that measures should be taken to control this urgent problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan 335211, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan 335211, China.
| | - Buyun Du
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, No. 8 Jiang-wang-miao Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan 335211, China
| | - Wantong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan 335211, China
| | - Jiani Liang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan 335211, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan 335211, China
| | - Laiyong You
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan 335211, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan 335211, China; Jiangxi Engineering Research Center of Eco-Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollution, Jiangxi Academy of Science, Nanchang 330096, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Levy W, Schramm KW, Mertes F, Henkelmann B, Maywald M, Uciechowski P, Loa A, Haedrich J, Thiem I, Hollert H, Goerlich R, Bernsmann T, Rink L. Development and validation of a ready to use cryo-EROD assay for the standardized screening of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in foodstuffs. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:206-214. [PMID: 30300728 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent European regulations have indicated the need for new bioanalytical screening methods capable of monitoring dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in foodstuffs and environmental samples, cost-effectively and with a quicker turnaround. Cryo-cells of the hepatic H4IIE line preserved in 96-well plates were exposed to sample extracts prepared from various foodstuffs and analysed for their content of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds by means of the 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-Deethylase (EROD)-assay in two laboratories. Assay data were compared between both laboratories and results from instrumental analysis used as a confirmatory method. Additionally, cut-off values for the different studied matrices were derived. The current European regulation regarding methods of analysis for the control of foodstuffs was applied with the aim of determining the feasibility of the cryo-methodology. Results obtained in both laboratories were in congruence with the required validation parameters of the Commission Regulation (EU) No 2017/644. Cut-off values should be established matrix-dependent to reduce the rate of false compliant results and to keep the rate of false non-compliant results under control. In summary, the ready-to-use cryo-assay method for the bioanalytical screening of foodstuffs in control laboratories without cell-culture facilities has successfully proven to be accurate, far quicker and more cost effective than current methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walkiria Levy
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350, Freising, Germany
| | - Florian Mertes
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Henkelmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Maywald
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Uciechowski
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Loa
- AcCELLerate GmbH, Osterfeldstraße 12-14, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Haedrich
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Freiburg, Bissierstrasse 5, 79114, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ines Thiem
- Lower Saxony State Institute for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover Dresdenstrasse 2, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institut für Umweltforschung, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roland Goerlich
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Institut für wirkungsbezogene Analytik e.v., Kerpen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bernsmann
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Münsterland-Emscher-Lippe, Postfach 1980, 48007, Münster, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu K, Fan L, Li Y, Zhou Z, Chen C, Chen B, Yu F. Concentrations and health risks of heavy metals in soils and crops around the Pingle manganese (Mn) mine area in Guangxi Province, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:30180-30190. [PMID: 30151790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations in agricultural fields and their ecological risks are a source of extensive concern worldwide. A field survey was conducted to investigate the present situation and health risks of heavy metals (Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) and crops (corn, green soybean, sweet potato, persimmon, cassava, and Chinese chestnut) around the Pingle manganese (Mn) mine site in Guangxi Province, China, which was abandoned 20 years ago. The results showed that the ranges of Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd were 2706.54-6760.16, 229.37-275.84, 160.39-215.48, 58.11-75.30, and 5.78-6.98 mg kg-1, respectively, which were approximately 15.38-38.41, 11.76-14.15, 2.12-2.85, 2.09-2.71, and 21.64-28.75 times greater than their respective background values. Most of these concentrations exceeded the national standard for soil quality (grade 2) developed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (1995). Contamination assessments based on the single contamination index (Pi), Nemerow multi-factor index (Pcom), and potential ecological risk index (RI) showed that the sampled soils were severely polluted with these heavy metals, especially Pb and Cd. Similarly, the crops were enriched with Pb and Cd, with concentrations of 10.22-41.78 and 2.33-5.37 mg kg-1, respectively, which were much higher than the threshold values of the national food standards. Contamination assessments with Pi and Pcom also showed that the crops were severely polluted with Pb and Cd. The bioaccumulation factor values for Cd were highest among the heavy metals, with an average mean of 0.66 in these six crops, demonstrating that Cd readily accumulates in these crops. An assessment showed that the health risk for adults living in the mining-impacted areas was significant. Our study strongly recommends that heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and crops grown around the Pingle Mn mining-affected areas should be treated to mitigate the health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541004, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Liuqun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541004, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zhengming Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Chaoshu Chen
- College of Resource and Environment, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Resource and Environment, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Fangming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, 541004, China.
- College of Resource and Environment, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Karst Ecology and Environment Change of Guangxi Department of Education, Guilin, 541004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
González N, Marquès M, Nadal M, Domingo JL. Levels of PCDD/Fs in foodstuffs in Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain): Spectacular decrease in the dietary intake of PCDD/Fs in the last 20 years. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:109-14. [PMID: 30145143 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the levels polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in 45 "composite" samples of food items belonging to 12 food groups. Foodstuffs were purchased in various locations of Tarragona County, Catalonia, Spain. The daily dietary intake of PCDD/Fs was subsequently estimated for the population living in that County. The highest toxic equivalent (WHO-TEQ) value corresponded to fish (0.103 ng/kg ww), followed by seafood (0.071 ng/kg ww) and eggs (0.070 ng/kg ww). In contrast, the lowest PCDD/F concentrations corresponded to vegetables, tubers, pulses, and fruits (each, 0.003 ng/kg ww). The current dietary intake of PCDD/Fs by the adult population was estimated in 8.54 pg WHO-TEQ/day, being fish and seafood the food groups with the greatest contribution to the dietary exposure of PCDD/Fs, followed by eggs, as well as by meat, oils and fats. The current study shows a continued decrease in the exposure to PCDD/Fs by the general population of Tarragona County since the first survey in the area conducted in 1998. The reduction observed in the last 20 years (from 210 pg I-TEQ/day to 8.54 pg WHO-TEQ/day) is certainly spectacular. The current daily intake (0.122 pg WHO-TEQ/kg bw) is also lower than most intakes recently reported in a number of regions and countries.
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang L, Zhu F, Chen M, Zhu Y, Xiao J, Yang H, Chen X. Rapid and visual detection of aflatoxin B1 in foodstuffs using aptamer/G-quadruplex DNAzyme probe with low background noise. Food Chem 2018; 271:581-587. [PMID: 30236719 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of foods by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common serious problem. To improve the efficiency of AFB1 detection, this study aims to develop a sensitive aptasensor for detection of AFB1 in food samples based on the catalytic effect of aptamer/G-quadruplex DNAzyme probe. The resulting reassembly of this probe in the presence of hemin and K+ catalyzes the generation of fluorescent 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP) from o-phenylenediamine (OPD). Interestingly, we first found that the high background induced by the superfluous hemin can be effectively suppressed with the aid of sequential adsorption and magnetic separation by magnetic oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (Fe3O4@oMWCNTs). This aptasensor exhibits a high sensitivity toward AFB1 with a detection limit of 0.02 ng/mL. The assay also shows higher selectivity for AFB1 compared to other reported agents and can be employed to detect AFB1 in foodstuffs, which might find broad practical applications in other food contaminants determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Fawei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - YuQiu Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V. Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain). Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:654-670. [PMID: 30003045 PMCID: PMC6040579 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrations of lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, tin, copper and chromium were measured in a study carried out in 2010-2011. A total of 8100 food samples were collected and composite samples for 12 food groups were analysed for metal concentration levels. Metal levels were, in general, below the maximum levels set by the current European legislation. The fish group presented the highest Cd, Hg and As levels, whereas sweeteners and condiments group was the most contaminated food group by Pb, Cr and Sn and the meat group had the highest concentrations of Cu. The results of this study are generally similar to or lower than those observed in other studies conducted in other countries, except in the case of Hg, for which high values were obtained, mainly in swordfish. In addition, this survey confirms a decreasing tendency when compared with other studies carried out in Spain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marín
- Food Safety Research Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, FISABIO. Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Pardo
- Food Safety Research Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, FISABIO. Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
- Analytical Chemistry Department. University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Sánchez
- Food Safety Research Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, FISABIO. Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yovana Sanchis
- Food Safety Research Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, FISABIO. Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Institute of Agrochemical and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC). Av. Agustín Escardino no 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Institute of Agrochemical and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC). Av. Agustín Escardino no 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermina Font
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Food Safety Research Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, FISABIO. Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
- Analytical Chemistry Department. University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Garcia Lopez M, Driffield M, Fernandes AR, Smith F, Tarbin J, Lloyd AS, Christy J, Holland M, Steel Z, Tlustos C. Occurrence of polybrominated diphenylethers, hexabromocyclododecanes, bromophenols and tetrabromobisphenols A and S in Irish foods. Chemosphere 2018; 197:709-715. [PMID: 29407835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and other phenolic brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in Irish foodstuffs has been assessed. A total of 53 food samples including eggs, milk, fish, fat and offal were tested. Eighty-one percent of the samples contained at least one measurable PBDE congener. The most abundant and frequently occurring congeners were BDE-47, BDE-49, BDE-99, BDE-100 and BDE-209 with the highest concentrations found in fish, fat and eggs. Summed concentrations for the measured PBDEs ranged from 0.02 μg/kg to 1.37 μg/kg whole weight. At least one HBCD stereoisomer was found in twenty-six percent of the samples with α-HBCD being the most frequently detected. The highest concentrations were found in fat and oily fish samples. TBBPA was only detected in one farmed salmon sample at 0.01 μg/kg. Bromophenol residues were found in fourteen out of the 53 samples, specifically in eggs and fish, with concentrations ranging from 0.28 to 0.98 μg/kg whole weight. These data contribute to the EU-wide EFSA risk assessment on these contaminants that is currently underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frankie Smith
- Fera Science Ltd, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Tarbin
- Fera Science Ltd, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Antony S Lloyd
- Fera Science Ltd, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Christy
- Fera Science Ltd, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Holland
- Fera Science Ltd, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Steel
- Fera Science Ltd, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Tlustos
- Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Abbey Court, Lower Abbey Street, Dublin 1, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Aamir M, Khan S, Li G. Dietary exposure to HCH and DDT congeners and their associated cancer risk based on Pakistani food consumption. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:8465-8474. [PMID: 29307071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary exposure to organochlorine pesticides such as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) congeners was assessed using diet study approach, and for this purpose, different food items were collected in August 2014. The levels of ∑(HCHs + DDTs) in different food groups were ranged from 2.57 to 206 ng g-1, ww, with contamination order of fish > poultry > milk > vegetables > cereals > flour > fruits. In the present study, the ratios of β-HCH/∑HCH (0.19-0.40) were < 0.5, where the ratios of (DDE + DDD)/∑DDT (0.48-6.70 with mean value of 0.61) were > 0.5 demonstrated the recent and past inputs of HCH and DDT, respectively. The major contributing groups (6.3-70.3%) to total dietary intake of HCHs and DDTs were animal origin (fish, poultry, and milk), while the less contributing food groups (2-4.5%) were vegetarian origin (vegetables, cereals, flour, and fruits). Cancer risk was estimated for HCHs and DDTs ingested via local foodstuffs. On the basis of both average and high end (95th percentile) exposure levels, the HRs for HCHs and DDTs were found greater than one (safety limit), indicating a potential cancer risk for Pakistani people from life-time consumption of contaminated food items selected in this study. The congener-specific cancer risk was found in order of α-HCH > β-HCH > ∑DDT > γ-HCH > p,p'-DDE > p,p'-DDT. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamir
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- IJRC-PTS, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sardar Khan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yao K, Wen K, Shan W, Xie S, Peng T, Wang J, Jiang H, Shao B. Development of an immunoaffinity column for the highly sensitive analysis of bisphenol A in 14 kinds of foodstuffs using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1080:50-58. [PMID: 29477067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An immunoaffinity clean-up material based on a monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been prepared for concentrating and purifying bisphenol A (BPA) in 14 kinds of foodstuffs at trace level. Haptens and immunogen of bisphenol A have been synthesized and comprehensively characterized. An mAb towards BPA was prepared and cross-reactivities with 14 BPA analogues were below 5%. The prepared antibody was coupled to N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated Sepharose 4B to manufacture an immunoaffinity column (IAC), which was applied to purify BPA in 14 kinds of foodstuffs. The analyte was then detected by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Under the optimized conditions, compared with two traditional SPE clean-up methods, the IAC showed better selectivity (matrix effect <16.8%) and higher sensitivity. The limits of detection for BPA in 14 kinds of foodstuffs ranged from 0.001 μg L-1 to 0.01 μg kg-1, and the limits of quantification were in the range from 0.003 μg L-1 to 0.04 μg kg-1. The recoveries of BPA from spiked samples ranged from 82.0% to 104.9%, with RSDs below 13.8%. Besides, the IAC exhibited good reusability, with 40% column capacity remaining and no significant loss of recovery after 25 application cycles in real sample detection. These results demonstrated that the developed IAC-UPLC-MS/MS approach has wide applicability for purifying and detecting BPA in various foodstuffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchong Shan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanlei Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 100013, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ding J, Deng T, Xu M, Wang S, Yang F. Residuals of organophosphate esters in foodstuffs and implication for human exposure. Environ Pollut 2018; 233:986-991. [PMID: 29037495 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Foodstuffs may be contaminated by organophosphate esters (OPEs) and become an important source of human exposure since OPEs are ubiquitous in the environment. In the present study, 10 OPEs were analyzed in various food matrices collected from a city in Eastern China including chicken, pork, fishes, vegetables, tofu, eggs, milk and cereals. The concentrations of Σ10OPEs ranged from 1.1 to 9.6 ng g-1 fresh weight (fw) in the foodstuffs. Cereals had the highest residual level of total OPEs with a mean value of 5.7 ng g-1 fw. Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate was detected in all foodstuff samples and showed the highest median residual concentration of 1.3 ng g-1 fw among the OPE analogs. The daily dietary intake of OPEs was calculated as 3.6 and 2.4 μg d-1 for adults and children. Cereals were identified as the major contributor to the total OPEs among different types of foodstuffs. Preliminary exposure assessment revealed that the current non-cancer health risks of OPEs via dietary intake were in the range of 10-5-10-3, indicating low risk levels. Moreover, the hazard index of OPEs indicated that the risk for children (3 × 10-3) was higher than adults (2 × 10-3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, 318000 Taizhou, China
| | - Tongqing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangxing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hamilton EM, Young SD, Bailey EH, Watts MJ. Chromium speciation in foodstuffs: A review. Food Chem 2018; 250:105-12. [PMID: 29412899 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous critical reviews have evaluated exposure to toxic and carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from a number of pathways; including workplace air, cement and packaging materials. The contribution of foodstuffs to dietary Cr(VI) has been increasingly under investigation, however no summary of this work has been carried out. The objective of this article is to review the last twenty years of chromium speciation research in foodstuffs. Alkaline extraction, used for chromium speciation in other solids, is the most widely-reported procedure. Previous measurement of Cr(VI) in foodstuffs is questionable due to the reducing power of organic matter and antioxidants, leading to the development of speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) techniques to monitor interconversions. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of trivalent chromium (Cr(III)), which acts through a different pathway to that of Cr(VI), requires reconsideration towards measurement of Cr(III), which is present at higher concentrations in foodstuffs following reduction of the more-bioavailable Cr(VI).
Collapse
|
44
|
Koh DW, Park JW, Lim JH, Yea MJ, Bang DY. A rapid method for simultaneous quantification of 13 sugars and sugar alcohols in food products by UPLC-ELSD. Food Chem 2017; 240:694-700. [PMID: 28946331 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel, rapid, simultaneous analysis method for five sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose) and eight sugar alcohols (erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, inositol, maltitol, lactitol, and isomalt) was developed using UPLC-ELSD, without derivatization. The analysis conditions, including the gradient conditions, modifier concentration and column length, were optimized. Thirteen sugars and sugar alcohols were separated well and the resolution of their peaks was above 1.0. Their optimum analysis condition can be analyzed within 15min. Standard curves for sugars and sugar alcohols with concentrations of 5.0-0.1% and 2.0-0.05% are presented herein, and their correlation coefficients are found to be above 0.999 and the limit of detection (LOD) was around 0.006-0.018%. This novel analysis system can be used for foodstuffs such as candy, chewing gum, jelly, chocolate, processed chocolate products, and snacks containing 0.21-46.41% of sugars and sugar alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wan Koh
- Lotte R&D Center, 19, Yangpyeong-ro 19-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07209, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Park
- Lotte R&D Center, 19, Yangpyeong-ro 19-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07209, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Lim
- Lotte R&D Center, 19, Yangpyeong-ro 19-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07209, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Jai Yea
- Lotte R&D Center, 19, Yangpyeong-ro 19-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07209, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Bang
- Lotte R&D Center, 19, Yangpyeong-ro 19-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07209, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Stahl T, Falk S, Rohrbeck A, Georgii S, Herzog C, Wiegand A, Hotz S, Boschek B, Zorn H, Brunn H. Migration of aluminum from food contact materials to food-a health risk for consumers? Part III of III: migration of aluminum to food from camping dishes and utensils made of aluminum. Environ Sci Eur 2017; 29:17. [PMID: 28458987 PMCID: PMC5388722 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-017-0117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When cooking on a barbecue grill, consumers often use aluminum grill pans. For one, the pan catches the fats and oils that would drip into the embers causing the formation of potentially noxious smoke, and the pan also protects the food from being burned by direct heat from the coals. In addition, new aluminum products for use in ovens and grills are becoming increasingly popular. Due to their light weight and excellent heat transfer camping, utensils made of aluminum are, for example, often used by fishermen and mountain climbers. Preparing food in aluminum utensils can, however, result in migration of the aluminum to the foodstuffs. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS In this study presented here, it was found that the transfer limit of 5.00 mg/L for aluminum is not exceeded using simulants for oil or for tap water; however, with an aqueous solution of 0.5% citric acid, the limit is clearly exceeded at 638 mg/L. This means that the Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) is exceeded by 298% for a child weighing 15 kg and for an adult weighing 70 kg it is equivalent to 63.8% of the TWI, assuming a daily uptake of 10 mL marinade containing lemon juice over a period of 1 week. Preparation of a fish dish with a marinade containing lemon juice in camping dishes would result in the TWI being exceeded by 871% for a child weighing 15 kg and by 187% for an adult weighing 70 kg assuming a daily uptake of 250 g over a period of 1 week.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Stahl
- Hessian State Laboratory, Am Versuchsfeld 11, 34128 Kassel, Germany
| | - Sandy Falk
- Hessian State Laboratory, Glarusstr. 6, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Alice Rohrbeck
- Hessian State Laboratory, Glarusstr. 6, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - Christin Herzog
- Hessian State Laboratory, Am Versuchsfeld 11, 34128 Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Hotz
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bruce Boschek
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstraße 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hubertus Brunn
- Hessian State Laboratory, Schubertstr. 60, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tolstykh EI, Peremyslova LM, Degteva MO, Napier BA. Reconstruction of radionuclide intakes for the residents of East Urals Radioactive Trace (1957-2011). Radiat Environ Biophys 2017; 56:27-45. [PMID: 28102439 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT) was formed after a chemical explosion in the radioactive waste-storage facility of the Mayak Production Association in 1957 (Southern Urals, Russia) and resulted in an activity dispersion of 7.4 × 1016 Bq into the atmosphere. Internal exposure due to ingestion of radionuclides with local foodstuffs was the main factor of public exposure at the EURT. The EURT cohort, combining residents of most contaminated settlements, was formed for epidemiological study at the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Russia (URCRM). For the purpose of improvement of radionuclide intake estimates for cohort members, the following data sets collected in URCRM were used: (1) Total β-activity and radiochemical measurements of 90Sr in local foodstuffs over all of the period of interest (1958-2011; n = 2200), which were used for relative 90Sr intake estimations. (2) 90Sr measurements in human bones and whole body (n = 338); these data were used for average 90Sr intake derivations using an age- and gender-dependent Sr-biokinetic model. Non-strontium radionuclide intakes were evaluated on the basis of 90Sr intake data and the radionuclide composition of contaminated foodstuffs. Validation of radionuclide intakes during the first years after the accident was first carried out using measurements of the feces β-activity of EURT residents (n = 148). The comparison of experimental and reconstructed values of feces β-activity shows good agreement. 90Sr intakes for residents of settlements evacuated 7-14 days after the accident were also obtained from 90Sr measurements in human bone and whole body. The results of radionuclide intake reconstruction will be used to estimate the internal doses for the members of the EURT cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia I Tolstykh
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68-A, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk, 454076, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila M Peremyslova
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68-A, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk, 454076, Russia
| | - Marina O Degteva
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68-A, Vorovsky Street, Chelyabinsk, 454076, Russia
| | - Bruce A Napier
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang L, Ding G, Zhou Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Xie HQ, Xu T, Wang P, Zhao B. Patterns and dietary intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in food products in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 51:165-172. [PMID: 28115127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The health risk of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) to human being should be assessed regularly. To evaluate the contamination levels in various food products in the Chinese market and to assess the dietary exposure of the Chinese population, 11 varieties of food groups totaling 634 samples including beef and mutton, chicken and duck, pork, fish and seafood, milk and dairy products were evaluated. The average concentrations of PCDD/Fs in all groups ranged from 0.291 to 8.468pg/g whole weight (w.w.). The average toxic equivalency concentrations were from 0.012pg TEQ/g w.w. for cereal to 0.367pg TEQ/g fat for marine oil. OCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF were the dominant congeners in foodstuffs. The dietary estimated mean intake for the Chinese rural and urban populations were 0.656 and 0.514pg TEQ/kg body weight/day, respectively, however, the cereal group exposure were higher to the estimate daily intake and contributed 81% for rural and 48% for urban population, followed by fish and seafood which contributed 4% and 16% to the estimate daily intake. The estimated dietary intakes were compared with the toxicological reference values and showed that both rural and urban populations were well below those values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Gangdou Ding
- Dioxin Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Comprehensive Test Center, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Dioxin Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Comprehensive Test Center, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Dioxin Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Comprehensive Test Center, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Donato P, Inferrera V, Sciarrone D, Mondello L. Supercritical fluid chromatography for lipid analysis in foodstuffs. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:361-382. [PMID: 27696781 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The task of lipid analysis has always challenged separation scientists, and new techniques in chromatography were often developed for the separation of lipids; however, no single technique or methodology is yet capable of affording a comprehensive screening of all lipid species and classes. This review acquaints the role of supercritical fluid chromatography within the field of lipid analysis, from the early developed capillary separations based on pure CO2 , to the most recent techniques employing packed columns under subcritical conditions, including the niche multidimensional techniques using supercritical fluids in at least one of the separation dimensions. A short history of supercritical fluid chromatography will be introduced first, from its early popularity in the late 1980s, to the sudden fall and oblivion until the last decade, experiencing a regain of interest within the chromatographic community. Afterwards, the subject of lipid nomenclature and classification will be briefly dealt with, before discussing the main applications of supercritical fluid chromatography for food analysis, according to the specific class of lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Donato
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Veronica Inferrera
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di "Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The Holy Quran is a religious book of Muslims. In many verses of Quran, various foods are discussed. It seems that limited studies were performed on identification the nutritional verses and their frequencies in the Holy Quran. Therefore, the aims of present study were to establish a numerical model system for studying nutritional verses of Quran, determination of verses with nutritional concepts and frequency of foodstuffs in the Holy Quran. In this descriptive analytical study, "Ghamoos e Quran" and "Vazheyab" online softwares were used to determine the nutritional keywords in Quran. For searching, translating, and interpretation of verses, "Noor-e-Jami Tafasir version 2.1"; "Zekr" and "Pars Quran"softwares were applied. Sixty-four nutritional keywords and 257 nutritional verses were identified. Findings indicated that aliment/foods, eating, water/drinking words, and their derivatives are repeated 171, 109, and 131 times in the Holy Quran, respectively. According to the Holy Quran, except Haram foods (pork meat, wine, carrion meat, blood, and meat of animals not slaughtered properly in the Islamic manner), all foods are tayyeb (lawful). The Holy Quran contains many foodstuffs and verses with nutritional concepts and it recommends eating varied and balanced diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani
- Nutrition Research Center, Nutrition Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Nishabouri St., PO BOX 14711, 5166614711, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Nutrition Research Center, Nutrition Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Nishabouri St., PO BOX 14711, 5166614711, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nawab J, Li G, Khan S, Sher H, Aamir M, Shamshad I, Khan A, Khan MA. Health risk assessment from contaminated foodstuffs: a field study in chromite mining-affected areas northern Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:12227-12236. [PMID: 26971962 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential health risk associated with toxic metals in contaminated foodstuffs (fruits, vegetables, and cereals) collected from various agriculture fields present in chromite mining-affected areas of mafic and ultramafic terrains (northern Pakistan). The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb were quantified in both soil and food samples. The soil samples were highly contaminated with Cr (320 mg/kg), Ni (108 mg/kg), and Cd (2.55 mg/kg), which exceeded their respective safe limits set by FAO/WHO. Heavy metal concentrations in soil were found in the order of Cr>Ni>Pb>Zn>Cd and showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher concentrations as compared to reference soil. The integrated pollution load index (PLI) value was observed greater than three indicating high level of contamination in the study area. The concentrations of Cr (1.80-6.99 mg/kg) and Cd (0.21-0.90 mg/kg) in foodstuffs exceeded their safe limits, while Zn, Pb, and Ni concentrations were observed within their safe limits. In all foodstuffs, the selected heavy metal concentrations were accumulated significantly (p < 0.001) higher as compared to the reference, while some heavy metals were observed higher but not significant like Zn in pear, persimmon, white mulberry, and date-plum; Cd in pear, fig and white mulberry; and Pb in walnut, fig, and pumpkin. The health risk assessment revealed no potential risk for both adults and children for the majority of heavy metals, except Cd, which showed health risk index (HRI) >1 for children and can pose potential health threats for local inhabitants. Graphical Abstract Heavy metals released from chromite mining lead to soil and foodstuff contamination and human health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javed Nawab
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Zhongke Road 88, Chunxiao Beilun District, Ningbo, 315830, China
| | - Sardar Khan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
- Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Zhongke Road 88, Chunxiao Beilun District, Ningbo, 315830, China.
| | - Hassan Sher
- Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat, 19130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Isha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwarzeb Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|