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Klosen P, Lapmanee S, Schuster C, Guardiola B, Hicks D, Pevet P, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP. MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors are expressed in nonoverlapping neuronal populations. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12575. [PMID: 30937953 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) exerts its physiological effects principally through two high-affinity membrane receptors MT1 and MT2. Understanding the exact mechanism of MLT action necessitates the use of highly selective agonists/antagonists to stimulate/inhibit a given MLT receptor. The respective distribution of MT1 and MT2 within the CNS and elsewhere is controversial, and here we used a "knock-in" strategy replacing MT1 or MT2 coding sequences with a LacZ reporter. The data show striking differences in the distribution of MT1 and MT2 receptors in the mouse brain: whereas the MT1 subtype was expressed in very few structures (notably including the suprachiasmatic nucleus and pars tuberalis), MT2 subtype receptors were identified within numerous brain regions including the olfactory bulb, forebrain, hippocampus, amygdala and superior colliculus. Co-expression of the two subtypes was observed in very few structures, and even within these areas they were rarely present in the same individual cell. In conclusion, the expression and distribution of MT2 receptors are much more widespread than previously thought, and there is virtually no correspondence between MT1 and MT2 cellular expression. The precise phenotyping of cells/neurons containing MT1 or MT2 receptor subtypes opens new perspectives for the characterization of links between MLT brain targets, MLT actions and specific MLT receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Klosen
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarawut Lapmanee
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - David Hicks
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Pevet
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (UPR 3212), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Nasrabadi NN, Sargazi F, Shokrzadeh M, Abediankenari S, Hoseini SV, Najafi M, Haghi-Aminjan H, Mirmajidi SH, Ataee R. Expression of MT1 receptor in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological features. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2018; 39:111-118. [PMID: 30183205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer accounts 8% of the total cancer cases leading to 10% of total cancer deaths worldwide. The indoleamine N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, better known as melatonin, is the principal hormone produced by the pineal gland. Recently, it has been well documented some anti-cancer roles of melatonin in some malignancies as breast and colon cancer; as well as some its protective roles in the GI tract that have been known as free radical scavenger, antimitogenic and apoptotic properties. According to the anti-cancer effects of melatonin, wide distribution of this neurohormone in GI tract and some proposed physiologic and pharmacologic roles for this neurohormone and following our previous study which has shown expression of MT2 receptor in gastric adenocarcinoma, this study initially scheduled to determine the expression of melatonin receptor MT1 in tissue samples of adenocarcinoma cancer patients. A total of 10 gastric adenocarcinoma patients and 10 normal individuals were examined for MT1 gene expression by real-time PCR. Additionally, for screening of different alleles of MT1 in our samples, the SSCP-PCR procedure was developed. Our results have shown interestingly high expression for MT1 receptor in cancer and marginal cancer groups comparing with normal group. Our findings also have shown that a remarkable association between MT1 receptor mRNA levels and grade in individuals over age 50. PCR-SSCP analysis results showed a variation between individuals which may be effective on their gene expression patterns. According to our knowledge, for the first time this study evaluated the expression of MT1 receptor gene in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues which consistent with our previous study but with some difference in comparisons between kind of tissue expression and difference in polymorphisms. Moreover, these results show the defending role of melatonin in the GI system.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Alleles
- DNA, Complementary/biosynthesis
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Genotype
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Nasri Nasrabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Sargazi
- Pharmaceutical sciences research center, Mazandaran University of medical sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Pharmaceutical sciences research center, Mazandaran University of medical sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Immunogenetic research center, Mazandaran University of medical sciences. Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Vahid Hoseini
- Gastroenterology research center, Mazandaran University of medical sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Najafi
- PhD in Animal Breeding and Genetics, Researcher at Mazandaran University of medical sciences. Sari, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Habibeh Mirmajidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Ataee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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He C, Ma T, Shi J, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zhu K, Li Y, Yang M, Song Y, Liu G. Melatonin and its receptor MT1 are involved in the downstream reaction to luteinizing hormone and participate in the regulation of luteinization in different species. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:279-90. [PMID: 27177022 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The functions of melatonin in preovulatory fluid remain elusive. In the current study, we observed that the extremely high level of expression of MT1 in mice granulosa cells was rapidly induced by hCG (equivalent LH) within 2 hours and this was referred as MT1 surge. In cumulus cells, serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) was also upregulated by hCG and led to elevated melatonin levels in ovarian follicle fluid. Melatonin application before MT1 surge significantly promoted embryo implantation, and this was probably attributed to a rise in progesterone levels in the serum. The mechanistic studies indicated that melatonin/MT1 (MLT/MT1) signaling remarkably improved the expression of corpus luteum marker genes, that is, Akr1c18 and Cyp11a1. High-throughput sequencing results suggested that extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and activation of PI3K/Akt pathway which are involved in granulosa cell luteinization might mediate the actions of MLT/MT1 signal. In addition, this effect on luteinization was compared in different species. It was verified that high melatonin levels exist in serum at estrum of cows and help to improve the first estrus fecundation rate. These results suggested that both melatonin and MT1 are involved in the downstream reaction of hCG (LH) and they play important roles in luteinization. These findings provide the novel information on the physiology of melatonin in animal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiu He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuanfeng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yukun Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Kepka M, Szwejser E, Pijanowski L, Verburg-van Kemenade BML, Chadzinska M. A role for melatonin in maintaining the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance by influencing leukocyte migration and apoptosis in carp. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 53:179-190. [PMID: 26188098 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is responsible for the synchronization of many physiological processes, including the immune response. Here we focus on the expression of melatonin MT1 receptors in/on leukocytes, and on the effects of melatonin administration on the inflammatory processes of carp. For the first time, we showed that fish leukocytes express MT1 receptors, implicating direct responsiveness to melatonin stimulation. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo, melatonin modulated the immune response. The most potent effects of melatonin concerned the regulation of leukocyte migration. Melatonin reduced chemotaxis of leukocytes towards CXC chemokines in vitro. In vivo, during zymosan induced peritonitis, i.p. administration of melatonin reduced the number of neutrophils. This correlated with a melatonin-induced decrease of gene expression of the CXCa chemokine. Moreover, melatonin induced a decrease of the respiratory burst in inflammatory leukocytes. Although these data do suggest a potent anti-inflammatory function for this hormone, melatonin-induced inhibition of leukocyte apoptosis clearly indicates towards a dual function. These results show that also in carp, melatonin performs a pleiotropic and extra-pineal function that is important in maintaining the delicate pro- and anti-inflammatory balance during infection. They furthermore demonstrate that neuroendocrine-immune interaction via melatonin is evolutionary conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kepka
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Szwejser
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Pijanowski
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - B M Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Dept of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Chadzinska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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5
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Hara T, Otsuka F, Tsukamoto-Yamauchi N, Inagaki K, Hosoya T, Nakamura E, Terasaka T, Komatsubara M, Makino H. Mutual effects of melatonin and activin on induction of aldosterone production by human adrenocortical cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 152:8-15. [PMID: 25889901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has been reported to suppress adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion in the anterior pituitary and cortisol production in the adrenal by different mechanisms. However, the effect of melatonin on aldosterone production has remained unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of melatonin in the regulation of aldosterone production using human adrenocortical H295R cells by focusing on the activin system expressed in the adrenal. Melatonin receptor MT1 mRNA and protein were expressed in H295R cells and the expression levels of MT1 were increased by activin treatment. Activin increased ACTH-induced, but not angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced, aldosterone production. Melatonin alone did not affect basal synthesis of either aldosterone or cortisol. However, melatonin effectively enhanced aldosterone production induced by co-treatment with ACTH and activin, although melatonin had no effect on aldosterone production induced by Ang II in combination with activin. These changes in steroidogenesis became apparent when the steroid production was evaluated by the ratio of aldosterone/cortisol. Melatonin also enhanced dibutyryl-AMP-induced aldosterone/cortisol levels in the presence of activin, suggesting a functional link to the cAMP-PKA pathway for induction of aldosterone production by melatonin and activin. In accordance with the data for steroids, ACTH-induced, but not Ang II-induced, cAMP synthesis was also amplified by co-treatment with melatonin and activin. Furthermore, the ratio of ACTH-induced mRNA level of CYP11B2 compared with that of CYP17 was amplified in the condition of treatment with both melatonin and activin. In addition, melatonin increased expression of the activin type-I receptor ALK-4 but suppressed expression of inhibitory Smads6/7, leading to the enhancement of Smad2 phosphorylation. Collectively, the results showed that melatonin facilitated aldosterone production induced by ACTH and activin via the cAMP-PKA pathway. The results also suggested that mutual enhancement of melatonin and activin receptor signaling is involved in the induction of aldosterone output by adrenocortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | | | - Kenichi Inagaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hosoya
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Eri Nakamura
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Terasaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Motoshi Komatsubara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Makino
- Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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6
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Jablonska K, Pula B, Zemla A, Owczarek T, Wojnar A, Rys J, Ambicka A, Podhorska-Okolow M, Ugorski M, Dziegiel P. Expression of melatonin receptor MT1 in cells of human invasive ductal breast carcinoma. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:334-45. [PMID: 23330677 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In humans, two main types of membrane melatonin receptors have been identified, MT1 and MT2. Expression of MT1 in neoplastic cells seems to increase the efficacy of melatonin's oncostatic activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution and the intensity of MT1 expression in breast cancer cells and to correlate it with clinicopathological factors. Immunohistochemical studies (IHC) were conducted on 190 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinomas (IDC) and molecular studies were performed on 29 cases of frozen tumor fragments and selected breast cancer cell lines. Most of the studied tumors manifested a membranous/cytoplasmic IHC expression of MT1. In IDC, the MT1 expression was higher than in fibrocystic breast disease. MT1 expression was higher in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and HER2 positive (HER2+) tumors. Triple negative tumors (TN) manifested the lowest MT1 expression level. The lowest MT1 protein expression level was noted in the TN breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 compared with ER+ cell lines MCF-7 and SK-BR-3. MT1 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with the malignancy grade of the studied IDC cases. Moreover, higher MT1 expression was associated with patients' longer overall survival (OS) in the group of ER+ breast cancers and treated with tamoxifen. Multivariate analysis indicated that MT1 was an independent prognostic factor in the ER+ tumors for OS and event-free survival in the ER+ tumors. The results of this study may point to a potential prognostic and therapeutic significance of MT1 in IDC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Female
- Fibrocystic Breast Disease/chemistry
- Fibrocystic Breast Disease/genetics
- Fibrocystic Breast Disease/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Statistics, Nonparametric
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jablonska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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7
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Arias-Santiago S, Aneiros-Fernández J, Arias-Santiago B, Girón-Prieto MS, Caba-Molina M, López-Valverde A, Aneiros-Cachaza J, Campos A, Cutando A. MTNR1A receptor expression in normal and pathological human salivary glands. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:4765-4771. [PMID: 23155241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyze and compare the expression of MTNR1A receptor in normal and pathological major and minor salivary glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty samples of major and minor salivary glands and 10 with Warthin's tumor were studied. Expression of the MTNR1A receptor (goat polyclonal antibody raised against a peptide mapping at the N-terminus of MEL-1A R of human origin) was analyzed. RESULTS The excretory ducts of major salivary glands demonstrated intense intracytoplasmic positivity but scant cytoplasmic membrane positivity for MTNR1A. The studied Warthin's tumors showed intense cytoplasmic positivity for MT1 receptor in all cylindrical epithelial cells lining spaces and a less intense positivity in basal cells. The lymphoid component accompanying the tumor was negative for MT1 receptor. CONCLUSION Intense intracytoplasmic positivity for the MTNR1A receptor in the excretory ducts of human major and minor salivary glands and Warthin's tumor was found. The intense expression of MTNR1A receptors observed in this study in the excretory ducts of major and minor salivary glands may be related to salivary regulation.
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8
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Aneiros-Fernandez J, Arias-Santiago S, Arias-Santiago B, Herrero-Fernández M, Carriel V, Aneiros-Cachaza J, López-Valverde A, Cutando-Soriano A. MT1 melatonin receptor expression in Warthin's tumor. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 19:247-50. [PMID: 23073719 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We contribute the first immunohistochemical study of MT1 melatonin receptor in Warthin's tumor and normal parotid gland. All 14 Warthin's tumors studied showed intense cytoplasmic positivity for MT1 receptor in all cylindrical epithelial cells lining spaces and a less intense positivity in basal cells. The lymphoid component accompanying the tumor was always negative for MT1 receptor. The parotid structure surrounding the tumor showed intense cytoplasmic positivity in all cells lining excretory ducts (lobar and lobulillar), with a lesser and focal positivity in cells of the acinar component. The biological activity of MT1 receptor in epithelial cells lining parotid excretory ducts may resemble its activity in Warthin's tumor cells. Hence, we propose Warthin's tumor as a useful positive control in immunohistochemical studies of MT1 melatonin receptor.
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Abstract
In mammals, the nocturnal melatonin signal is well established as a key hormonal indicator of seasonal changes in day-length, providing the brain with an internal representation of the external photoperiod. The pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary gland is the major site of expression of the G-coupled receptor MT1 in the brain and is considered as the main site of integration of the photoperiodic melatonin signal. Recent studies have revealed how the photoperiodic melatonin signal is encoded and conveyed by the PT to the brain and the pituitary, but much remains to be resolved. The development of new animal models and techniques such as cDNA arrays or high throughput sequencing has recently shed the light onto the regulatory networks that might be involved. This review considers the current understanding of the mechanisms driving photoperiodism in the mammalian PT with a particular focus on the seasonal prolactin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine M Dupré
- University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, UK.
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10
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Peschke E, Schucht H, Mühlbauer E. Long-term enteral administration of melatonin reduces plasma insulin and increases expression of pineal insulin receptors in both Wistar and type 2-diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. J Pineal Res 2010; 49:373-81. [PMID: 20840603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper represents an essential aspect of recent investigations into the functional and clinical implications of insulin-melatonin interrelationships. The aim of the study was to analyze whether melatonin reduces insulin secretion in an animal in a manner comparable to the pattern observed in previous in vitro experiments; to this end, we used two models: Wistar and type 2-diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Thirty-two Wistar and 32 GK rats were divided into two subgroups of 16 rats each; each subgroup was treated either with or without melatonin. The daily administration of melatonin, starting in 8-wk-old rats, was adjusted to 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Melatonin was given daily during the dark period for 12 hr. After 9 wk of treatment, the rats were sacrificed in the middle of the dark period. Melatonin administration strongly enhanced the plasma melatonin level and diminished the expression of pancreatic melatonin receptor-mRNA, whereas the expression of pineal AA-NAT and HIOMT was unchanged. Furthermore, the experiments showed in agreement with recent in vitro results of pancreatic islets that plasma insulin levels were diminished after melatonin treatment. However, the pineal insulin receptor expression was increased after melatonin administration. The pancreatic expression of glucagon, GLUT2, and glucokinase was decreased in GK rats, whereas the glucose levels, as well as the parameters of glucose sensing, GLUT2-mRNA, and glucokinase-mRNA, were unchanged after melatonin administration in both Wistar and GK rats. In summary, the results show that melatonin administration decreases plasma insulin levels in vivo and, furthermore, that an insulin-melatonin antagonism exists.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Glucagon/biosynthesis
- Glucagon/genetics
- Glucose Transporter Type 2/biosynthesis
- Glucose Transporter Type 2/genetics
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin/genetics
- Male
- Melatonin/pharmacology
- Pineal Gland/drug effects
- Pineal Gland/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Transgenic
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Insulin/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Somatostatin/biosynthesis
- Somatostatin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Peschke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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11
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Danielczyk K, Dziegiel P. The expression of MT1 melatonin receptor and Ki-67 antigen in melanoma malignum. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:3887-3895. [PMID: 19846924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin, the principal hormone produced by the pineal gland, manifests strong potency of inhibiting growth of dermal melanoma cells both under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Although the mechanism of the phenomenon has not been fully clarified yet, melatonin receptors seem to play a key role in the inhibition. In humans, two main types of high affinity membrane melatonin receptors have been identified, including MT1 (Mel1a) and MT2 (Mel1b) receptors, and their expression increases efficacy of the oncostatic melatonin activity. The principal aim of this study involved determination of location and intensity of expression of MT1 melatonin receptors and of Ki-67 proliferation-associated antigen in dermal melanoma using an immunohistochemical technique and an examination of their reciprocal correlation and their relationship with clinical advancement of the tumour, i.e. with its depth of infiltration. PATIENTS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical studies were conducted on the material of 48 cases of dermal melanoma, including 38 primary tumours and 10 metastatic lymph nodes, fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. RESULTS In all the examined cases, positive immunohistochemical reactions were obtained with antibodies to MT1 and Ki-67. Expression of MT1 receptor was more pronounced in primary tumours than in lymph nodes (p<0.05). Depth of tumour infiltration demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with the intensity of MT1 expression (r=0.45; p<0.05) and a strongly positive correlation with the expression of Ki-67 antigen (r=0.79; p<0.05). Moreover, both in primary tumours and in metastatic lymph nodes, a weak correlation was detected between the expression of MT1 receptor and expression of Ki-67 antigen. CONCLUSION Confirmation of positive correlation between the expression of MT1 receptor and depth of melanoma infiltration may point to future use of MT1 as a prognostic index for such tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Danielczyk
- Department of Histology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
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12
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Rögelsperger O, Ekmekcioglu C, Jäger W, Klimpfinger M, Königsberg R, Krenbek D, Sellner F, Thalhammer T. Coexpression of the melatonin receptor 1 and nestin in human breast cancer specimens. J Pineal Res 2009; 46:422-32. [PMID: 19552766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2009.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for melatonin (MT1) suppresses breast cancer cell growth in experimental models. To elucidate whether MT1 might play a role in cancer cells positive for the stem cell marker nestin, we assessed paired carcinomatous (Ca) and adjacent noncancerous (NCa) samples from 42 patients with primary breast cancer for MT1 and nestin by double immunofluorescence staining and quantitative image analysis with Tissue-Quest software. MT1 was located in luminal and myoepithelial cells in milk ducts and in tumor cells in 40/42 and 39/42 of NCa and Ca specimens, respectively, independent of hormone receptor and HER-2 status. Nestin was located together with MT1 in myoepithelial cells in 38 NCa specimens (total n = 42) and in 18 Ca specimens with intact milk ducts. Quantitative evaluation of selected 16 NCa and Ca samples revealed that MT1 levels were higher in invasive Ca sections than in NCa specimens in eight and lower in six cases. Specimens from higher tumor stages (TII/III) with a higher risk of relapse were associated with MT1/nestin co-staining in more than 10% of tumor cells, whereas a lack of co-staining correlated with lower tumor stages. Abundant expression of MT1 and, particularly, coexpression of MT1 with nestin in invading tumor cells in more advanced tumors suggest an important role for this GPCR in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rögelsperger
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Physiology, Parthophysiology and Immunology, Medical university of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Guerrero Montávez JM, Carrascosa-Salmoral MDP, Naranjo Gutierrez MDC, Lardone PJ, de la Lastra Romero CA. Decreased MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor expression in extrapineal tissues of the rat during physiological aging. J Pineal Res 2009; 46:29-35. [PMID: 18513209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process associated with a diminished ability to respond to stress, a progressive increase in free radical generation and a decline in immune function. Melatonin, a molecule with a great functional versatility exerts anti-oxidant, oncostatic, immunomodulatory, and anti-aging properties. Melatonin levels drop during aging and it has been speculated that the loss of melatonin may accelerate aging. This study was designed to elucidate whether aging involves responsiveness to reduced melatonin. Melatonin membrane receptor (MT1 and MT2) expression and MT1 protein expression were analyzed in extrapineal tissues (thymus, spleen, liver, kidney, and heart) of 3- and 12-month-old rats using real time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis. Moreover, melatonin in tissues was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. We report for the first time, an age-related reduction in mRNA MT1 and MT2 expression levels as well as MT1 protein expression in all tissues tested except the thymus, where surprisingly, both melatonin receptor levels were significantly higher in 12-month-old rats and MT1 protein expression maintained unchanged with age. Diminished melatonin concentrations were measured in spleen, liver, and heart during aging. As a conclusion, physiological aging seems to exert responsiveness to melatonin and consequently, the loss of this potent anti-oxidant may contribute to onset of aging.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/metabolism
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Gene Expression
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Pineal Gland/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Spleen/metabolism
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville School of Medicine and Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain.
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14
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Imbesi M, Arslan AD, Yildiz S, Sharma R, Gavin D, Tun N, Manev H, Uz T. The melatonin receptor MT1 is required for the differential regulatory actions of melatonin on neuronal 'clock' gene expression in striatal neurons in vitro. J Pineal Res 2009; 46:87-94. [PMID: 18798788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Through inhibitory G protein-coupled melatonin receptors, melatonin regulates intracellular signaling systems and also the transcriptional activity of certain genes. Clock genes are proposed as regulatory factors in forming dopamine-related behaviors and mood and melatonin has the ability to regulate these processes. Melatonin-mediated changes in clock gene expression have been reported in brain regions, including the striatum, that are crucial for the development of dopaminergic behaviors and mood. However, it is not known whether melatonin receptors present in striatum mediate these effects. Therefore, we investigated the role of the melatonin/melatonin receptor system on clock gene expression using a model of primary neuronal cultures prepared from striatum. We found that melatonin at the receptor affinity range (i.e., nm) affects the expression of the clock genes mPer1, mClock, mBmal1 and mNPAS2 (neuronal PAS domain protein 2) differentially in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner: a decrease in Per1 and Clock, an increase in NPAS2 and no change in Bmal1 expression. Furthermore, mutating MT1 melatonin receptor (i.e., MT1 knockouts, MT1(-/-)) reversed melatonin-induced changes, indicating the involvement of MT1 receptor in the regulatory action of melatonin on neuronal clock gene expression. Therefore, by controlling clock gene expression we propose melatonin receptors (i.e., MT1) as novel therapeutic targets for the pathobiologies of dopamine-related behaviors and mood.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- CLOCK Proteins/biosynthesis
- CLOCK Proteins/genetics
- CLOCK Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Corpus Striatum/cytology
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Corpus Striatum/physiology
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Female
- Male
- Melatonin/metabolism
- Melatonin/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, Knockout
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/physiology
- Period Circadian Proteins/biosynthesis
- Period Circadian Proteins/genetics
- Period Circadian Proteins/metabolism
- Pertussis Toxin/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Imbesi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Kang JT, Koo OJ, Kwon DK, Park HJ, Jang G, Kang SK, Lee BC. Effects of melatonin on in vitro maturation of porcine oocyte and expression of melatonin receptor RNA in cumulus and granulosa cells. J Pineal Res 2009; 46:22-8. [PMID: 18494781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule that mediates several circadian and seasonal processes in animal reproduction. Melatonin and its metabolites are antioxidants and free radical scavengers. We investigated the effects of melatonin on porcine oocyte maturation and embryo development. We then investigated the local expression of the melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) gene in cumulus cells, granulosa cells, and the oocytes with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. We further evaluated the antioxidant effects [reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cumulus-oocytes complexes] of melatonin supplementation during in vitro maturation (IVM). Compared with control, melatonin supplementation (10 ng/mL) during IVM resulted in a greater proportion of oocytes extruding the polar body (75.6% versus 84.6%). Significantly greater proportion of parthenogenetically activated oocytes developed to blastocysts when the in vitro medium was supplemented with melatonin; however, cleavage frequency and blastocyst cell number were not affected by the treatment. RT-PCR analysis revealed the expression of MT1 gene in cumulus and granulosa cells but not in oocytes. Melatonin-treated oocytes had significantly lower levels of ROS than did control (untreated) oocytes. We conclude that exogenous melatonin has beneficial effects on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation during porcine IVM. Some of the observed effects may be mediated by receptor binding and while others may have been receptor independent, e.g., direct free radical scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Taek Kang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Pishak VP, Bulyk RI. [Circadian changes of the density of melatonin receptors 1A in the neurons of the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus under conditions of diverse functional activiity of the pineal gland]. Fiziol Zh 2008; 54:11-5. [PMID: 18756769 DOI: 10.15407/fz54.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An immunohistochemical study of the density of melatonin receptors 1A in the neurons of the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei with diverse functional activity of the pineal gland has been carried out. The density of melatonin receptors 1A under conditions of the physiological function of the pineal gland was characterized by clear-cut diurnal variations. Simultaneously, a dysfunction of the gland results in their marked disturbance. In case of a hypofunction of the pineal body the density of the structures was reliably lower than in case of hyperfunction. It has been demonstrated that in case of a suppressed activity of the pineal body the maximum number of melatonin receptors 1A in the neurons of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei shifts from 02.00 a.m. to 02.00 p.m. and constitutes 0.35+/-0.012 conventional units (c.u.) of density, whereas a larger index is noticed at 20 hours making up 0.43+/-0.015 c.u. of density when the gland is activated.
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17
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Ramracheya RD, Muller DS, Squires PE, Brereton H, Sugden D, Huang GC, Amiel SA, Jones PM, Persaud SJ. Function and expression of melatonin receptors on human pancreatic islets. J Pineal Res 2008; 44:273-9. [PMID: 18194202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is known to inhibit insulin secretion from rodent beta-cells through interactions with cell-surface MT1 and/or MT2 receptors, but the function of this hormone in human islets of Langerhans is not known. In the current study, melatonin receptor expression by human islets was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the effects of exogenous melatonin on intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels and islet hormone secretion were determined by single cell microfluorimetry and radioimmunoassay, respectively. RT-PCR amplifications indicated that human islets express mRNAs coding for MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors, although MT2 mRNA expression was very low. Analysis of MT1 receptor mRNA expression at the single cell level indicated that it was expressed by human islet alpha-cells, but not by beta-cells. Exogenous melatonin stimulated increases in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in dissociated human islet cells, and stimulated glucagon secretion from perifused human islets. It also stimulated insulin secretion and this was most probably a consequence of glucagon acting in a paracrine fashion to stimulate beta-cells as the MT1 receptor was absent in beta-cells. Melatonin did not decrease 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels in human islets, but it inhibited cyclic AMP in the mouse insulinoma (MIN6) beta-cell line and it also inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from MIN6 cells. These data suggest that melatonin has direct stimulatory effects at human islet alpha-cells and that it stimulates insulin secretion as a consequence of elevated glucagon release. This study also indicates that the effects of melatonin are species-specific with primarily an inhibitory role in rodent beta-cells and a stimulatory effect in human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma D Ramracheya
- Beta Cell Development & Function Group, School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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18
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Sallinen P, Mänttäri S, Leskinen H, Ilves M, Vakkuri O, Ruskoaho H, Saarela S. The effect of myocardial infarction on the synthesis, concentration and receptor expression of endogenous melatonin. J Pineal Res 2007; 42:254-60. [PMID: 17349023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined the time course of changes in the synthesis and levels of endogenous melatonin and in the expression of MT(1) and MT(2) melatonin receptors 1 day, 2 and 4 wk after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. MI was produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to characterize structural and functional changes after MI. mRNA levels were measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and proteins by Western blotting. One day after infarction, MI rats had 4.3 times (P < 0.001) higher pineal melatonin synthesis, than sham-operated animals, which was associated with the increased concentration of melatonin in plasma (P < 0.001) and left ventricle (LV) (P = 0.01). The amount of MT(1) receptor protein decreased significantly in MI LVs compared with control LVs 1 day after infarction (P < 0.01), followed by recovery during the next 2 wk. Furthermore, the expression of MT(1) receptor mRNA of the MI LVs was elevated 2 wk after infarction (P < 0.01) compared with control LVs. The amount of MT(2) receptor proteins in MI LVs was higher than in sham-operated LVs 1 day (P < 0.05) and 4 wk (P < 0.01) after MI. In conclusion, melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland increased rapidly in response to the MI, supporting an important role for endogenous melatonin in protecting the heart after MI. The observed changes in the expression of MT(1) and MT(2) receptors suggest that melatonin receptors may be involved in mediating, at least, in part, the protective effects of melatonin in the heart after infarction.
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19
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Park YJ, Park JG, Hiyakawa N, Lee YD, Kim SJ, Takemura A. Diurnal and circadian regulation of a melatonin receptor, MT1, in the golden rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2007; 150:253-62. [PMID: 17046760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The golden rabbitfish Siganus guttatus is a reef fish with a restricted lunar-synchronized spawning rhythmicity and releases gametes simultaneously around the first quarter moon period during the spawning season. In order to understand the molecular aspects of the "circa" rhythms in this species, the full-length melatonin receptor (MT1) cDNA was cloned, and its diurnal/circadian regulation was examined. The full-length MT1 cDNA (1257 bp) contained an open reading frame that encodes a protein of 350 amino acids; this protein is highly homologous to MT1 of nonmammalian species. A high expression of MT1 mRNA with a day-night difference was observed in the whole brain, retina, liver, and kidney. When diurnal variations in MT1 mRNA expression in the retina and whole brain were examined using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, an increase in the mRNA expression was observed during nighttime in both tissues under conditions of light/dark, constant darkness, and constant light. This suggests that MT1 mRNA expression is under circadian regulation. The expression of MT1 mRNA in the cultured pineal gland also showed diurnal variations with high expression levels during nighttime; this suggests that the increased expression level observed in the whole brain is partially of pineal origin. Alternation of light conditions in the pineal gland cultures resulted in the changes in melatonin release into the culture medium as well as MT1 mRNA expression in the pineal gland. The present results suggest that melatonin and its receptors play an important role in the exertion of daily and circadian variations in the neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ju Park
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
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20
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Sharman EH, Bondy SC, Sharman KG, Lahiri D, Cotman CW, Perreau VM. Effects of melatonin and age on gene expression in mouse CNS using microarray analysis. Neurochem Int 2006; 50:336-44. [PMID: 17118492 PMCID: PMC1868445 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression levels of a number of genes associated with inflammation and immune function change with advancing age. Melatonin modulates gene expression levels of several of these genes. Therefore the declining levels of melatonin associated with age may play a role in the physiological effects of aging. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to measure age-related changes in mRNA expression in the murine CNS, and to study the effect of prolonged administration of dietary melatonin upon these changes. CB6F1 male mice were fed 40 ppm melatonin for 2.1 months prior to sacrifice at age 26.5 months, and compared with both age-matched controls and young, 4.5-month-old untreated controls. Total RNA was extracted from whole brain (excluding cerebellum and brain stem) and individual samples were hybridized to Affymetrix Mouse 430-2.0 arrays. The expression of a substantial number of genes was modulated by melatonin treatment and changes in selected genes were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A subset of these genes did not change with age. Conversely, some genes modulated by age were also modulated by melatonin treatment. In general, melatonin treatment drove the expression levels of these genes closer to the expression levels detected in the younger animals. Notably, the abundance of lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) mRNA increased with age and was decreased in old animals treated with melatonin. Lcn2 is a member of the acute phase response family of proteins and its mRNA levels in the brain increase in response to inflammation. Many of the genes with expression reduced by melatonin are involved in inflammation and the immune system. This suggests that melatonin treatment may influence the inflammatory responses of old animals, driving them to resemble more closely those occurring in young animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Sharman
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Community and Environmental Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1825, USA.
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21
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Torres-Farfan C, Rocco V, Monsó C, Valenzuela FJ, Campino C, Germain A, Torrealba F, Valenzuela GJ, Seron-Ferre M. Maternal melatonin effects on clock gene expression in a nonhuman primate fetus. Endocrinology 2006; 147:4618-26. [PMID: 16840546 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the adult mammal the circadian system, which allows predictive adaptation to daily environmental changes, comprises peripheral oscillators in most tissues, commanded by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The external environment of the fetus is provided by its mother. In primates, maternal melatonin is a candidate to entrain fetal circadian rhythms, including the SCN rhythms of metabolic activity. We found in the 90% of gestation capuchin monkey fetus expression of the clock genes Bmal-1, Per-2, Cry-2, and Clock in the SCN, adrenal, pituitary, brown fat, and pineal. Bmal-1, Per-2, and the melatonin 1 receptor (MT1) showed a robust oscillatory expression in SCN and adrenal gland, whereas a circadian rhythm of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate was found in plasma. Maternal melatonin suppression changed the expression of Bmal-1, Per-2, and MT1 in the fetal SCN. These effects were reversed by maternal melatonin replacement. In contrast, neither maternal melatonin suppression nor its replacement had effects on the expression of Per-2 and Bmal-1 or MT1 in the fetal adrenal gland or the circadian rhythm of fetal plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. Our data suggest that maternal melatonin is a Zeitgeber for the fetal SCN but probably not for the adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torres-Farfan
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114D, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin crosses the placenta and enters the fetal circulation. Moreover, experimental data suggest a possible influence of melatonin on placental function and fetal development in humans. To date, the expression and role of melatonin receptors in human placenta choriocarcinoma cell lines and in human term placental tissues remain to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS Results from RT-PCR, western blotting and confocal microscopy demonstrated that the MT1, MT2 and RORalpha1 melatonin receptors are expressed in the human term placental tissues and in choriocarcinoma cell lines JEG-3 and BeWo. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that 6-chloromelatonin (a melatonin agonist) inhibits, in a dose-dependent manner, forskolin-stimulated hCG-beta secretion in JEG-3 (P < 0.001) and BeWo (P < 0.05) cells but had no effect on basal human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG-beta) levels. This effect of 6-chloromelatonin on forskolin-stimulated HCG-beta secretion was abolished by pertussis toxin (PTX), suggesting that melatonin regulates hCG-beta production by an action involving an inhibitory Gi/o protein. In PTX-treated BeWo cells, 6-chloromelatonin stimulated basal hCG-beta secretion (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate, for the first time, the expression of melatonin receptors in human term placental tissues and in choriocarcinoma cells and suggest a possible paracrine/autocrine function for melatonin in human placenta.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Choriocarcinoma/metabolism
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/metabolism
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Melatonin/analogs & derivatives
- Melatonin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Melatonin/pharmacology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1
- Pertussis Toxin/pharmacology
- Placenta/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
- Receptors, Melatonin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/biosynthesis
- Trans-Activators
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Lanoix
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
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23
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Sumaya IC, Masana MI, Dubocovich ML. The antidepressant-like effect of the melatonin receptor ligand luzindole in mice during forced swimming requires expression of MT2 but not MT1 melatonin receptors. J Pineal Res 2005; 39:170-7. [PMID: 16098095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2005.00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported an antidepressant-like effect in C3H/HeN mice during the forced swimming test (FST) following treatment with the MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor ligand, luzindole. This study investigated the role melatonin receptors (MT1 and/or MT2) may play in the effect of luzindole in the FST using C3H/HeN mice with a genetic deletion of either MT1 (MT1KO) or MT2 (MT2KO) melatonin receptors. In the light phase (ZT 9-11), luzindole (30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased immobility during swimming in both wild type (WT) (135.6 +/- 25.3 s, n = 7) and MT(1)KO (132.6 +/- 13.3 s, n = 8) as compared with vehicle-treated mice (WT: 207.1 +/- 6.0 s, n = 7; MT1KO: 209.5 +/- 6.2 s, n = 8) (P < 0.001). In the dark phase (ZT 20-22), luzindole also decreased time of immobility in both WT (89.5 +/- 13.9 s, n = 8) and MT1KO (66.5 +/- 6.4 s, n = 8) mice as compared with the vehicle treated (WT: 193.8 +/- 3.5, n = 6; MT1KO: 176.6 +/- 6.2 s, n = 8) (P < 0.001). Genetic disruption of the MT1 gene did not alter the diurnal rhythm of serum melatonin in MT1KO mice (ZT 9-11: 1.3 +/- 0.6 pg/mL, n = 7; ZT 20-22: 10.3 +/- 1.1 pg/mL, n = 8) as compared with WT (ZT 9-11: 1.4 +/- 0.7 pg/mL; ZT 20-22: 10.6 pg/mL). Swimming did not alter the serum melatonin diurnal rhythm in WT and MT1KO mice. Decreases in immobility of WT and MT1KO mice by luzindole treatment were not affected by gender or age (3 months versus 8 months). In contrast, luzindole did not decrease immobility during the FST in MT2KO mice. We conclude that the antidepressant-like effect of luzindole may be mediated through blockade of MT2 rather than MT1 melatonin receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Ligands
- Melatonin/blood
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/physiology
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/physiology
- Swimming/physiology
- Tryptamines/metabolism
- Tryptamines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Sumaya
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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24
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Jimenez-Jorge S, Jimenez-Caliani AJ, Guerrero JM, Naranjo MC, Lardone PJ, Carrillo-Vico A, Osuna C, Molinero P. Melatonin synthesis and melatonin-membrane receptor (MT1) expression during rat thymus development: role of the pineal gland. J Pineal Res 2005; 39:77-83. [PMID: 15978061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2005.00220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into the relationship between thymus and pineal gland during rat development, the melatonin content as well as the activity and expression of the two key enzymes for melatonin biosynthesis, i.e. N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), were studied in the thymus at fetal and postnatal stages. Moreover, melatonin-membrane receptor (MT1) expression was also analyzed. We found both the expression and activity of thymic NAT and HIOMT at 18 days of fetal life. Additionally, there is production of melatonin in the thymus as well as MT1 expression at this fetal age. These results show values higher in day-time than at night-time. The pineal gland begins to produce significant levels of melatonin around postnatal day 16, and this synthesis shows a circadian rhythm with high values during the dark period; therefore the nocturnal serum melatonin may inhibit thymic melatonin production. To document this, we report an increased melatonin content of the thymus in pinealectomized rats compared with sham-pinealectomized. In conclusion, these results show, for the first time, the presence of the biosynthetic machinery of melatonin and melatonin production in developing rat thymus and that the pineal gland may regulate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jimenez-Jorge
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Seville School of Medicine and Virgen Macarena Hospital, Seville, Spain
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Tomás-Zapico C, Antonio Boga J, Caballero B, Vega-Naredo I, Sierra V, Alvarez-García O, Tolivia D, Josefa Rodríguez-Colunga M, Coto-Montes A. Coexpression of MT1 and RORalpha1 melatonin receptors in the Syrian hamster Harderian gland. J Pineal Res 2005; 39:21-6. [PMID: 15978053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2005.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin acts through several specific receptors, including membrane receptors (MT(1) and MT(2)) and members of the RZR/ROR nuclear receptors family, which have been identified in a large variety of mammalian and nonmammalian cells types. Both membrane and nuclear melatonin receptors have been partially characterized in Harderian gland of the Syrian hamster. Nevertheless, the identities of these receptors were unknown until this study, where the coexistence of MT(1) and RORalpha(1) in this gland was determined by nested RT-PCR followed by amplicon sequencing and Western-blot. Furthermore, the cellular localization of both receptors was determined by immunohistochemistry. Thus, MT(1) receptor was localized exclusively at the basal side of the cell acini, supporting the hypothesis that this receptor is activated by the pineal-synthesized melatonin. On the contrary, although a RORalpha(1)-immunoreactivity was observed in nuclei of epithelial cells of both sexes, an extranuclear specific staining, which was more frequently among those cells of males, was also seen. The implication of this possible nuclear exclusion of RORalpha(1) on the role of this indoleamine against oxidative stress is discussed.
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Pozo D, García-Mauriño S, Guerrero JM, Calvo JR. mRNA expression of nuclear receptor RZR/RORalpha, melatonin membrane receptor MT, and hydroxindole-O-methyltransferase in different populations of human immune cells. J Pineal Res 2004; 37:48-54. [PMID: 15230868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2004.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We characterized the expression levels of the retinoid Z receptor alpha (RZR alpha), RORalpha mRNA isoforms (RORalpha1, RORalpha2, and RORalpha3), and both melatonin receptor MT1 and hydroxindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) genes. For this purpose, the following human peripheral blood mononuclear cells populations were isolated: monocytes (CD14+ cells), B lymphocytes (CD19+ cells), T helper lymphocytes (CD14(-) CD4+), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD56(-) CD8+ cells), and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes (CD56+ cells). PBMCs subsets were obtained by Dynabeads M-450 (Dynal) isolation procedure. We observed a strong gene expression signal for RZRalpha in all subpopulations studied, whereas both RORalpha1 and RORalpha2 transcripts were amplified only in CD8+ cells. Specific signal for RORalpha2 was obtained in all subpopulations studied, but we were not able to detect the RORalpha3 mRNA transcript in human immune cells studied. A weaker signal (especially in CD19+ cells) was also detected in all subsets of cells for the MT1 gene. With regard to HIOMT, a strong signal was achieved among all but one subpopulation of cells; the only exception was CD14+ cells. Thus, in addition to its classical function in the nervous and endocrine system, melatonin could act directly as a paracrine and/or autocrine agent in the human immune system.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylserotonin O-Methyltransferase/biosynthesis
- Acetylserotonin O-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Antigens, CD
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Separation
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Humans
- Melatonin/physiology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Trans-Activators
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pozo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Sevilla Medical School, Sevilla, Spain
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