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Vounzoulaki E, Miksza JK, Zaccardi F, Tan BK, Davies MJ, Khunti K, Gillies CL. Association of ethnicity and socioeconomic status with health outcomes in women with gestational diabetes: Clinical practice research datalink cohort study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103010. [PMID: 38676970 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), differences by ethnicity and socioeconomic status in the incidence of recurrent GDM, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, and depression. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study including 10,868 women diagnosed with GDM in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD GOLD) between January 01, 2000 and November 05, 2018. Linked data were obtained for Hospital Episode Statistics and the Index of Multiple Deprivation. We estimated incidence rates and hazard ratios, by ethnicity and socioeconomic status. RESULTS During a follow-up of 58,479 person years (mean (SD): 5.38 (3.67) years), the crude incidence was 9.67 (95 % confidence interval: 9.30-10.00) per 100 person years for recurrent GDM, 3.86 (3.70-4.02) for depression, 2.15 (2.03-2.27) for T2D and 0.89 (0.81-0.97) for hypertension. South Asian ethnicity was associated with an increased risk of T2D compared to White (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.65; 1.34-2.05) and Black ethnicity was associated with a greater risk of hypertension (2.93; 1.93-4.46). Black and South Asian ethnicity were associated with a reduced risk of depression compared to White: 0.23 (0.13-0.39) and 0.37 (0.29-0.46), respectively. Incidence rates were higher for all conditions with increasing deprivation level. CONCLUSIONS The risk of health complications in women with a prior history of GDM differs by ethnicity and socio-economic status, suggesting the opportunity for targeted assessment in the years following pregnancy. These findings may inform future guidelines on screening for health outcomes in women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpida Vounzoulaki
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Joanne K Miksza
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration - East Midlands (ARC-EM), Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Clare L Gillies
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
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2
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Yang H, Hu J, Tan BK, Wong KH, Huang JJ, Cheung PC, Lin S. Lesson learned from COVID-19 pandemic for the future of food industry. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22479. [PMID: 38045130 PMCID: PMC10689951 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With WHO announcing COVID-19 no longer as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on May 5, 2023, coupled with the fact that the majority of the countries of the world have dropped strict city lockdown or border closure, this perhaps signals the end of the COVID-19 crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in far-reaching effects affecting nearly every aspect of our lives and society. Notably, the food industry including agriculture, food manufacturers, food logistics, distributors and retailers have all felt the profound impact and had experienced significant stress during the pandemic. Therefore, it is essential to retrospect the lessons that can be learned from this pandemic for the food industry. This short review aims to address the food safety issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on its foodborne transmission potential, innovations of virus detection strategies suitable for food industry; development of phathogenicaidal methods and devices to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 virus (particularly in industrial scale); and the set-up of related food regulations and guidelines as preventive and control measures for preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus through the food supply chain during the pandemic. This article may provide useful references for the food industry to minimize the food safety impact of COVID-19 (as well as other respiratory virus) and allows them to better prepare for similar future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Ka-hing Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hongkong Polytechnic University, Hongkong SAR, China
| | - Jim Junhui Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Republic of Singapore
| | - Peter C.K. Cheung
- Food Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hongkong, Hongkong SAR, China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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3
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Lin S, Li J, Zhou F, Tan BK, Zheng B, Hu J. K 6[P 2Mo 18O 62] as DNase-Mimetic Artificial Nucleases to Promote Extracellular Deoxyribonucleic Acid Degradation in Bacterial Biofilms. ACS Omega 2023; 8:33966-33974. [PMID: 37744825 PMCID: PMC10515355 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the DNase-like activity of the Dawson-type polyoxometalate K6[P2Mo18O62] was explored. The obtained findings demonstrated that K6[P2Mo18O62] could effectively cleave phosphoester bonds in the DNA model substrate (4-nitrophenyl phosphate) and result in the degradation of plasmid DNA. Moreover, the application potential of this Dawson-type polyoxometalate as a DNase-mimetic artificial enzyme to degrade extracellular DNA (eDNA) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial biofilm was explored. The results demonstrated that K6[P2Mo18O62] exhibited high cleavage ability toward eDNA secreted by E. coli and thus eradicated the bacterial biofilm. In conclusion, Dawson-type polyoxometalate K6[P2Mo18O62] possessed desirable DNase-like activity, which could serve as a bacterial biofilm eradication agent by cleaving and degrading eDNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Lin
- College
of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Li
- College
of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- College
of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bee K. Tan
- College
of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College
of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- College
of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College
of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
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4
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Yang Y, Ge S, Chen Q, Lin S, Zeng S, Tan BK, Hu J. Chlorella unsaturated fatty acids suppress high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57/BL6J mice. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3644-3658. [PMID: 35822300 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella has been identified as a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids. Since the antiobesity effects of unsaturated fatty acids have been well documented; therefore, we explored the antiobesity actions of chlorella unsaturated fatty acids (C.UFAs) in the current study. The obtained results demonstrated C.UFAs, which contain abundant linoleic acid, could retard body weight gain (reducing body weigh by 13.93% after 16 weeks of treatment), improve blood glucose (19.29% lower) and lipid profile (23.45% lower in TG, 8.76% lower in TC) compared to high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. The possible underlying mechanisms might involve reducing hepatic lipid accumulation via down-regulation of lipogenic genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, LPL, aP2, FAS, and SREBP-1c) and up-regulation of lipolytic gene (adiponectin). We also demonstrate C.UFAs could reduce HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy via activation of AMPK signaling pathway in adipose tissue and liver. In summary, our study highlights the potential of C.UFAs as a functional food for obesity management. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chlorella has already been commercialized as a functional food antiobesity function. In the current study, the unsaturated fatty acids isolated from chlorella were found to exert beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and adipocyte hypertrophy in high-fat diet-fed mice. This may provide theoretical foundation for developing novel chlorella-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shenhan Ge
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoxiao Zeng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
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5
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Vounzoulaki E, Khunti K, Miksza JK, Tan BK, Davies MJ, Gillies CL. Screening for type 2 diabetes after a diagnosis of gestational diabetes by ethnicity: A retrospective cohort study. Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16:445-451. [PMID: 35351389 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate rates and identify determinants of post-partum glucose screening attendance in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS Retrospective cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics, to identify women diagnosed with GDM between 01/01/2000 and 05/11/2018. Age adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS In 10,868 women with GDM, with an average follow-up of 5.38 years (95% CI 5.31,5.45), there was an average of 3.79 (95% CI 3.70,3.89) screening episodes per individual, with a mean time to first screening test of 1.22 (95% CI 1.18, 1.25) years. South Asian women had a significantly greater likelihood of being screened compared to White women within the first 5 years post-partum, aOR: 1.89 95% CI (1.20,2.98). A low proportion of women received at least one test per year of follow-up (23.87%). Older age at GDM diagnosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, prescribed medication for GDM, and living in England, were all associated with a greater likelihood of being screened. CONCLUSION While the majority of women with previous GDM receive at least one glucose screening test within the first 5 years post-partum, fewer than a quarter of them receive on average one test per year of follow-up. Developing strategies to motivate more women to attend screening in primary care is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpida Vounzoulaki
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration, East Midlands (ARC-EM), Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration, East Midlands (ARC-EM), Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Joanne K Miksza
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Clare L Gillies
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration, East Midlands (ARC-EM), Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
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Sriboonvorakul N, Pan-Ngum W, Poovorawan K, Muangnoicharoen S, Quinn LM, Tan BK. Low Branched Chain Amino Acids and Tyrosine in Thai Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Metformin and Metformin-Sulfonylurea Combination Therapies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5424. [PMID: 34830706 PMCID: PMC8621185 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health challenge for Thailand (current prevalence ~10.0%). Amino acids offer novel biomarkers to predict risk of T2DM and indicate sub-optimal disease management, which could facilitate earlier treatment. We studied amino acid profiles in a Thai cohort comprising of individuals with T2DM (n = 65 single-drug-treated; n = 38 multi-drug-treated) compared to healthy controls (n = 104) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Age and BMI were significantly lower in the healthy controls compared to the single or multi-treated T2DM groups. The BCAA (leucine and valine) were significantly lower in the single and multi-treated T2DM groups compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and isoleucine was significantly lower in the single-treated compared to the healthy controls (p = 0.014). These findings beg the question whether BCAAs supplementation be beneficial in T2DM patients treated with single or multi-drug therapy? Tyrosine was significantly lower in the single and multi-treated T2DM groups compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002), whereas phenylalanine was significantly higher in the multi-treated T2DM group compared to the single treated T2DM group (p = 0.045). We provide novel insights into the effects of diabetes treatments on these amino acids in insulin resistant states such as T2DM in a unique but understudied Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthida Sriboonvorakul
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Wirichada Pan-Ngum
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Kittiyod Poovorawan
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sant Muangnoicharoen
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Lauren M. Quinn
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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8
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Lin Y, Lai D, Wang D, Zhou F, Tan BK, Zhang Z, Hu J, Lin S. Application of curcumin-mediated antibacterial photodynamic technology for preservation of fresh Tremella Fuciformis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Lai D, Zhou A, Tan BK, Tang Y, Sarah Hamzah S, Zhang Z, Lin S, Hu J. Preparation and photodynamic bactericidal effects of curcumin-β-cyclodextrin complex. Food Chem 2021; 361:130117. [PMID: 34058659 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the poor water solubility of curcumin, a curcumin-β-cyclodextrin (Cur-β-CD) complex was prepared as a novel photosensitizer. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to verify the formation of Cur-β-CD. Furthermore, the ROS generation capacity and photodynamic bactericidal effect were measured to confirm this Cur-β-CD complex kept photodynamic activity of curcumin. The result showed Cur-β-CD could effectively generate ROS upon blue-light irradiation. The plate count assay demonstrated Cur-β-CD complex possess desirable photodynamic antibacterial effect against food-borne pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. The cell morphology determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed Cur-β-CD could cause cell deformation, surface collapse and cell structure damage of the bacteria, resulting in the leakage of cytoplasmic; while agarose gel electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE further illustrated the inactivation mechanisms by Cur-β-CD involve bacterial DNA damage and protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danning Lai
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Arong Zhou
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Yibin Tang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Siti Sarah Hamzah
- Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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10
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Hu J, Gillies CL, Lin S, Stewart ZA, Melford SE, Abrams KR, Baker PN, Khunti K, Tan BK. Association of maternal lipid profile and gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 292 studies and 97,880 women. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 34:100830. [PMID: 33997732 PMCID: PMC8102708 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder during pregnancy, however, the association between dyslipidaemia and GDM remains unclear. METHODS We searched Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Maternity and Infant Care database (MIDIRS) and ClinicalTrials.gov up to February 2021 for relevant studies which reported on the circulating lipid profile during pregnancy, in women with and without GDM. Publications describing original data with at least one raw lipid [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)] measurement were retained. Data extraction was performed using a piloted data extraction form. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019139696). FINDINGS A total of 292 studies, comprising of 97,880 pregnant women (28232 GDM and 69,648 controls) were included. Using random-effects meta-analysis models to pool study estimates, women with GDM had significantly higher (by 20%) TG levels, with a pooled weighted mean difference between GDM and non-GDM pregnancies of 0.388 mM (0.336, 0.439, p < 0.001). Further analyses revealed elevated TG levels occur in the first trimester and persist afterwards. Meta-regression analyses showed that differences in TG levels between women with GDM and healthy controls were significantly associated with age, BMI, study continent, OGTT procedure, and GDM diagnosis criteria. INTERPRETATION Elevated lipids, particularly, TG, are associated with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Hu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L. Gillies
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Shaoling Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zoe A. Stewart
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Melford
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Keith R. Abrams
- Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N. Baker
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author at: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
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11
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Ahmed I, Quinn L, Tan BK. COVID-19 and the ABO blood group in pregnancy: A tale of two multiethnic cities. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 43:e45-e47. [PMID: 32996710 PMCID: PMC7537203 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmed
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lauren Quinn
- Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.,Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmed
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ahamed Azhar
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nashwa Eltaweel
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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13
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Vounzoulaki E, Khunti K, Tan BK, Davies MJ, Gillies CL. Gestational diabetes: screening uptake, current challenges and the future – a focused review. Br J Diabetes 2020. [DOI: 10.15277/bjd.2020.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with a history of previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been established and is well recognised. Post-partum screening for T2DM is essential to identify those at higher risk and allow for the implementation of preventative interventions. However, attendance rates for post-partum glucose screening in women with previous GDM remain substantially low, with only half of them attending screening. This review aimed to outline the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) post-partum screening recommendations and compare them with the guidelines being used worldwide, provide information on post-partum screening uptake and possible determinants of uptake in the UK, and to briefly discuss both patient health implications and the financial burden associated with T2DM progression in the context of the National Health Service (NHS).
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14
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a risk factor for dysglycemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Inefficient energy oxidation, metabolic inflexibility, is a marker of blunted metabolism. We conducted a systematic review on metabolic inflexibility in women with PCOS. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane central (inception-October 2018) for studies evaluating metabolic inflexibility and reporting on changes in Respiratory Quotient (ΔRQ). We extracted data and assessed quality using The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We included five prospective cohort studies (461 women). Three compared PCOS women to unaffected subjects, one to women with obesity or T2DM, and one to adolescent girls; all had medium quality. Three studies showed higher metabolic inflexibility in women with PCOS (ΔRQ range 0.05-0.098) compared to unaffected subjects. Women with PCOS had similar metabolic inflexibility compared to those with T2DM (ΔRQ 0.05 ± 0.03 vs 0.06 ± 0.04, p = .98) and obesity (p = .06). Inflexibility was higher in hyperandrogenemic women with PCOS (ΔRQ 0.091 ± 0.060 vs 0.120 ± 0.010, p = .014). ΔRQ was lower in PCOS women with insulin resistance vs those with normal insulin sensitivity (0.04 ± 0.02 vs. 0.07 ± 0.04, p = .007). In conclusion, women with polycystic ovary syndrome appear to have higher metabolic inflexibility associated with hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rimmer
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Helena Teede
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence in PCOS, Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Endocrine and Diabetes Units, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shakila Thangaratinam
- Women's Health Research Unit, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bassel H Al Wattar
- Women's Health Research Unit, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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15
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Vounzoulaki E, Khunti K, Abner SC, Tan BK, Davies MJ, Gillies CL. Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2020; 369:m1361. [PMID: 32404325 PMCID: PMC7218708 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate and compare progression rates to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy controls. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline and Embase between January 2000 and December 2019, studies published in English and conducted on humans. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Observational studies investigating progression to T2DM. Inclusion criteria were postpartum follow-up for at least 12 months, incident physician based diagnosis of diabetes, T2DM reported as a separate outcome rather than combined with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, and studies with both a group of patients with GDM and a control group. RESULTS This meta-analysis of 20 studies assessed a total of 1 332 373 individuals (67 956 women with GDM and 1 264 417 controls). Data were pooled by random effects meta-analysis models, and heterogeneity was assessed by use of the I2 statistic. The pooled relative risk for the incidence of T2DM between participants with GDM and controls was estimated. Reasons for heterogeneity between studies were investigated by prespecified subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and, overall, studies were deemed to have a low risk of bias (P=0.58 and P=0.90). The overall relative risk for T2DM was almost 10 times higher in women with previous GDM than in healthy controls (9.51, 95% confidence interval 7.14 to 12.67, P<0.001). In populations of women with previous GDM, the cumulative incidence of T2DM was 16.46% (95% confidence interval 16.16% to 16.77%) in women of mixed ethnicity, 15.58% (13.30% to 17.86%) in a predominantly non-white population, and 9.91% (9.39% to 10.42%) in a white population. These differences were not statistically significant between subgroups (white v mixed populations, P=0.26; white v non-white populations, P=0.54). Meta-regression analyses showed that the study effect size was not significantly associated with mean study age, body mass index, publication year, and length of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Women with a history of GDM appear to have a nearly 10-fold higher risk of developing T2DM than those with a normoglycaemic pregnancy. The magnitude of this risk highlights the importance of intervening to prevent the onset of T2DM, particularly in the early years after pregnancy. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019123079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpida Vounzoulaki
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration-East Midlands, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration-East Midlands, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Sophia C Abner
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration-East Midlands, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Clare L Gillies
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration-East Midlands, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
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16
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17
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Hu J, Zhou F, Lin Y, Zhou A, Tan BK, Zeng S, Hamzah SS, Lin S. The effects of photodynamically activated curcumin on the preservation of low alum treated ready-to-eat jellyfish. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Boccara F, Tan BK, Chalouni M, Salmon Ceron D, Cinaud A, Esterle L, Gilbert C, Bani-Sadr F, Dabis F, Sogni P, Wittkop L. P5341Predictive factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases events in HIV-HVC co-infected patients: results from hepavih ANRS co13 cohort. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Several studies highlighted an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV-HCV co-infected patients without clearly identifying specific virologic factors associated with atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) events.
Purpose
Hence, we analyzed data collection from the French nationwide ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort to determine the incidence of ASCVD events in HIV-HCV co-infected patients and the predictive factors associated with its occurrence.
Methods
The French multicenter nationwide ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH clinic-based cohort collected prospective clinical and biological data from HIV-HCV co-infected patients followed-up in 28 different university hospitals between December 2005 to November 2016. Participants with at least one year of follow-up were included. Primary outcome was the occurrence of major ASCVD events (cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, coronary revascularization and stroke). Secondary outcomes were total ASCVD events including major ASCVD events and minor ASCVD events (peripheral arterial disease [PAD]). Incidence rates were estimated using Aalen-Johansen method and factors associated with ASCVD identified with Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
A total of 1213 patients were included: median age 45.4 years [42.1–49.0], 70.3% men, current smoking 70.2%, overweight 19.5%, liver cirrhosis 18.9%, chronic alcohol consumption 7.8%, diabetes mellitus (5.9%), personal history of CVD 2.7%, and statins use 4.1%. After a median follow-up of 5.1 years [3.9–7.0], 44 participants experienced at least one ASCVD event (26 major ASCVD event, and 20 a minor event). Incidences for total, major and minor ASCVD events were of 6.98 [5.19; 9.38], 4.01 [2.78; 6.00], and 3.17 [2.05; 4.92] per 1000 person-years, respectively. Personal history of CVD (Hazard Ratio (HR)=13.94 [4.25–45.66]), high total cholesterol (HR=1.63 [1.24–2.15]), low HDL cholesterol (HR=0.08 [0.02–0.34]) and undetectable HIV viral load (HR=0.41 [0.18–0.96]) were identified as independent factors associated with major ASCVD events while cirrhosis status, liver fibrosis and HCV sustained viral response were not.
Cumulative incidence of CV events
Conclusion
HIV-HCV co-infected patients experience a high incidence of ASCVD events both coronary and peripheral artery diseases. Traditional CV risk factors are the main determinants of ASCVD whereas undetectable HIV viral load seems to be protective. Management of cholesterol abnormalities and controlling viral load are essential to modify this high cardiovascular risk.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Agence Natoinale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites virales
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Affiliation(s)
- F Boccara
- AP-HP - Hospital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - B K Tan
- Hospital Cochin, Internal Medicine, Paris, France
| | - M Chalouni
- University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - D Salmon Ceron
- Hospital Hotel-Dieu, Infectious Diseases Federation, Paris, France
| | - A Cinaud
- Hospital Hotel-Dieu, Cardiology, Paris, France
| | - L Esterle
- University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Gilbert
- University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Bani-Sadr
- University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Dabis
- University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - P Sogni
- Hospital Cochin, Hepatology, Paris, France
| | - L Wittkop
- Hospital Cochin, Hepatology, Paris, France
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19
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Lin S, Wang Z, Lam KL, Zeng S, Tan BK, Hu J. Role of intestinal microecology in the regulation of energy metabolism by dietary polyphenols and their metabolites. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1518. [PMID: 30814920 PMCID: PMC6385797 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyphenols are a class of plant secondary metabolites with a variety of physiological functions. Polyphenols and their intestinal metabolites could greatly affect host energy metabolism via multiple mechanisms. Objective The objective of this review was to elaborate the role of intestinal microecology in the regulatory effects of dietary polyphenols and their metabolites on energy metabolism. Methods In this review, we illustrated the potential mechanisms of energy metabolism regulated by the crosstalk between polyphenols and intestinal microecology including intestinal microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells, and mucosal immune system. Results Polyphenols can selectively regulate the growth of susceptible microorganisms (eg. reducing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria) as well as alter bacterial enzyme activity. Moreover, polyphenols can influence the absorption and secretion of intestinal epithelial cells, and alter the intestinal mucosal immune system. Conclusion The intestinal microecology play a crucial role for the regulation of energy metabolism by dietary polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Wang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ka-Lung Lam
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shaoxiao Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bee K Tan
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Sciences and Leicester Diabetes Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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20
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Sukumar N, Bagias C, Goljan I, Weldeselassie Y, Gharanei S, Tan BK, Holst JJ, Saravanan P. Reduced GLP-1 Secretion at 30 Minutes After a 75-g Oral Glucose Load Is Observed in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes 2018; 67:2650-2656. [PMID: 30232211 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels may be reduced in type 2 diabetes, but whether a similar impairment exists in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has not been established. We studied this in a prospective cohort study of pregnant women (n = 144) during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). GLP-1, glucose, and insulin were sampled at 30-min intervals during a 2-h 75-g OGTT, and indices of insulin secretion and sensitivity were calculated. In a nested case-control study, women with GDM (n = 19) had 12% lower total GLP-1 secretion area under the curve (AUC) compared with control subjects matched for age, ethnicity, and gestational age (n = 19), selected from within the lowest quartile of glucose120 min values in our cohort. GDM had lower GLP-1 response in the first 30 min (19% lower GLP-130 min and 17% lower AUC0-30 min) after adjustment for possible confounders. Their glucose levels began to diverge at 30 min of the OGTT with increasing insulin levels, and by 120 min, their insulin levels were three times higher. In a secondary cohort of 57 women that included "high-normal" glucose120 min values, low GLP-1 AUC0-30 min was independently associated with lower indices of insulin secretion and sensitivity. In conclusion, we have observed that women with GDM have lower GLP-1 response at 30 min of an OGTT and hyperglycemia at 120 min despite significant hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Sukumar
- Populations, Evidence and Technologies Group, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, U.K
| | - Christos Bagias
- Populations, Evidence and Technologies Group, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, U.K
| | - Ilona Goljan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, U.K
| | - Yonas Weldeselassie
- Populations, Evidence and Technologies Group, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Seley Gharanei
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Populations, Evidence and Technologies Group, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, U.K
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21
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Lee WQ, Tan VKM, Choo HMC, Ong J, Krishnapriya R, Khong S, Tan M, Sim YR, Tan BK, Madhukumar P, Yong WS, Ong KW. Factors influencing patient decision-making between simple mastectomy and surgical alternatives. BJS Open 2018; 3:31-37. [PMID: 30734013 PMCID: PMC6354187 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite similar survival rates, breast‐conserving therapy (BCT) remains a distant second choice after simple mastectomy for patients with early‐stage breast cancer in Singapore. Uptake of reconstruction after mastectomy is also low (18 per cent). The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing a patient's choice for mastectomy when eligible for BCT, and why patients decline reconstruction after mastectomy. Methods Patients from the National Cancer Centre Singapore, who were eligible for BCT but chose mastectomy without reconstruction, between December 2014 and December 2015 were included. An interviewer‐administered questionnaire focusing on patients' reasons for choosing mastectomy over BCT and not opting for immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy was used. Tumour characteristics were retrieved from medical records. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyse the correlation between the patient's self‐rated influential factors and variables. Statistical significance was taken as P < 0·050. Results Ninety‐one patients were included (90·1 per cent response rate). The main reasons for choosing mastectomy over BCT were: fear of cancer recurrence (considered very important in 74 per cent), the perception that health outweighs breast retention (49 per cent) and the possibility of second surgery for margins (40 per cent). Key factors for rejecting immediate reconstruction after mastectomy were: patient‐perceived ‘old age’ (very important in 53 per cent), concern about two sites of surgery (42 per cent) and financial cost (29 per cent). Given a second chance, 19·8 per cent of patients would undergo BCT instead of mastectomy. Conclusion This study has identified the considerations that women in Singapore have when deciding on breast cancer surgery. Some perceptions need to be addressed for women to make a fully informed decision, especially as one‐fifth regret their initial choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - V K M Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore.,Singhealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore
| | - H M C Choo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - J Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - R Krishnapriya
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - S Khong
- Division of Surgical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore
| | - M Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore
| | - Y R Sim
- Division of Surgical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore
| | - B K Tan
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore.,Department of General Surgery Singapore General Hospital Singapore
| | - P Madhukumar
- Division of Surgical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore.,Singhealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore
| | - W S Yong
- Division of Surgical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore.,Singhealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore
| | - K W Ong
- Division of Surgical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore.,Singhealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre National Cancer Centre Singapore Singapore
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22
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Hu J, Lin S, Tan BK, Hamzah SS, Lin Y, Kong Z, Zhang Y, Zheng B, Zeng S. Photodynamic inactivation of Burkholderia cepacia by curcumin in combination with EDTA. Food Res Int 2018; 111:265-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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23
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Dimitriadis GK, Adya R, Tan BK, Jones TA, Menon VS, Ramanjaneya M, Kaltsas G, Miras AD, Randeva HS. Effects of visfatin on brown adipose tissue energy regulation using T37i cells. Cytokine 2018; 113:248-255. [PMID: 30060995 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in pathological states of energy homeostasis and impaired adipocyte function, such as obesity has been a major area of research interest in recent years. Herein, we sought to determine the direct effects of adipokines, visfatin and leptin on BAT thermogenesis. The effects of mouse recombinant visfatin, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and leptin with or without FK866 were studied on differentiated T37i cells. Treated cells were analyzed for key genes and proteins regulating BAT [UCP-1, PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain-containing 16 (PRDM-16), PPARgamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) and receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP-140)] using quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Data is presented as mean P-values. Both visfatin and leptin had significant concentration dependent effects on thermogenesis in brown pre-adipocytes and at physiological levels, increased uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) levels in brown adipocytes. These effects of visfatin were similar to that of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), further strengthening the enzymatic role of visfatin. We also showed that leptin induced UCP-1 mRNA expression and protein production appears to be mediated by visfatin. High concentrations of both visfatin and leptin led to a dramatic decrease in UCP-1 protein levels, supporting the notion that visfatin levels are raised in obesity and that obese people have reduced BAT activity, plausibly through a reduction in UCP-1 levels. Additionally, we found differential regulation of key brown adipogenic genes, specifically, PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain-containing 16 (PRDM-16), PPARgamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) and receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP-140) by visfatin. Our observations provide novel insights in the potential actions of visfatin in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Division of Endocrinology and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK; WISDEM Centre, Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Raghu Adya
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Sciences and Leicester Diabetes Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester, Leicestershire LE1 5WW, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Terence A Jones
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Vinod S Menon
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alexander D Miras
- Division of Endocrinology and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; WISDEM Centre, Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Division of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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Dimitriadis GK, Kaur J, Adya R, Miras AD, Mattu HS, Hattersley JG, Kaltsas G, Tan BK, Randeva HS. Chemerin induces endothelial cell inflammation: activation of nuclear factor-kappa beta and monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16678-16690. [PMID: 29682177 PMCID: PMC5908278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin, a chemoattractant protein, acts via a G-protein coupled chemokine receptor, i.e. Chemokine like Receptor 1/ChemR23; levels of which are elevated in pro-inflammatory states such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Obesity and T2DM patients are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. We have reported that chemerin induces human endothelial cell angiogenesis and since dysregulated angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction are hallmarks of vascular disease; we sought to determine the effects of chemerin on monocyte-endothelial adhesion, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), a critical pro-inflammatory transcription factor. Human endothelial cells were transfected with pNF-kappaB-Luc plasmid. Chemerin induced NF-κB activation via the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Western blot analyses and monocyte-endothelial adhesion assay showed that chemerin increased endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and secretion, namely E-selectin (Endothelial Selectin), VCAM-1 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1) and ICAM-1 (Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1), leading to enhancement of monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Additionally, we showed a synergistic response of the pro-inflammatory mediator, Interleukin-1β with chemerin induced effects. Chemerin plays an important role in endothelial inflammation, as it induces monocyte-endothelial adhesion, a critical step in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Division of Endocrinology and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.,WISDEM Centre, Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Raghu Adya
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Alexander D Miras
- Division of Endocrinology and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Harman S Mattu
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - John G Hattersley
- WISDEM Centre, Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- WISDEM Centre, Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,WISDEM Centre, Human Metabolism Research Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Division of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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25
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Imoto Y, Kato A, Takabayashi T, Sakashita M, Norton JE, Suh LA, Carter RG, Weibman AR, Hulse KE, Stevens W, Harris KE, Peters AT, Grammer LC, Tan BK, Welch K, Conley DB, Kern RC, Fujieda S, Schleimer RP. Short-chain fatty acids induce tissue plasminogen activator in airway epithelial cells via GPR41&43. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:544-554. [PMID: 29431874 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease generally divided based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps (NPs). One of the features of NPs is excessive fibrin deposition, which is associated with down-regulation of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in NPs. As t-PA is expressed in epithelial cells, and epithelium is readily accessible to topical therapies, identifying compounds that can mediate the induction of t-PA would be a potential new strategy for the treatment of NPs. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can induce t-PA in airway epithelial cells via their known receptors GPR41 and GPR43. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine whether receptors for SCFAs, known as G protein-coupled receptor 41/free fatty acid receptor 3 (GPR41/FFAR3) and GPR43/FFAR2, are expressed in nasal tissue. Primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were stimulated with different concentrations of SCFAs to test induction of t-PA, which was analysed by expression of mRNA and protein. Mediation of responses by SCFA receptors was evaluated by specific receptor gene silencing with siRNA. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry study revealed that airway epithelial cells expressed GPR41 and GPR43. Acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid significantly induced t-PA expression from two- to tenfolds. The strongest inducer of t-PA from NHBE cells was propionic acid; cells stimulated with propionic acid released t-PA into the supernatant in its active form. Gene silencing of GPR41 and GPR43 revealed that induction of t-PA by SCFAs was dependent upon both GPR41 and GPR43. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Short-chain fatty acids were shown to induce airway epithelial cell expression of t-PA via GPR41 and GPR43. Topical delivery of potent compounds that activate these receptors may have value by reducing fibrin deposition and shrinking nasal polyp growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Imoto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - A Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Takabayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - M Sakashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - J E Norton
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L A Suh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R G Carter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A R Weibman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K E Hulse
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W Stevens
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K E Harris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A T Peters
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L C Grammer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Fujieda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - R P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Tan HK, Tan BK, Tan LK, Olofsson JI, Dahm-Kähler P, Brännström M. Authors' reply re: Starting a Uterus transplantation service: Notes from a small island. BJOG 2017; 125:516. [PMID: 29226565 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H K Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B K Tan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L K Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J I Olofsson
- Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Dahm-Kähler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - M Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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27
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Feldman S, Kasjanski R, Poposki J, Hernandez D, Chen JN, Norton JE, Suh L, Carter RG, Stevens WW, Peters AT, Kern RC, Conley DB, Tan BK, Shintani-Smith S, Welch KC, Grammer LC, Harris KE, Kato A, Schleimer RP, Hulse KE. Chronic airway inflammation provides a unique environment for B cell activation and antibody production. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:457-466. [PMID: 28000955 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cells play many roles in health and disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms that drive B cell responses in the airways, especially in humans. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the upper airways that affects 10% of Europeans and Americans. A subset of CRS patients develop nasal polyps (NPs), which are characterized by type 2 inflammation, eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). We have reported that NP contain elevated levels of B cells and antibodies, making NP an ideal system for studying B cells in the airways. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the mechanisms that drive B cell activation and antibody production during chronic airway inflammation. METHODS We analysed B cells from NP or tonsil, or after ILC2 coculture, by flow cytometry. Antibody production from tissue was measured using Luminex assays and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells by ELISpot. Formation of B cell clusters was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Expression of genes associated with B cell activation and class switch recombination was measured by qRT-PCR. RESULTS NP contained significantly elevated frequencies of plasmablasts, especially those that expressed the extrafollicular marker Epstein-Barr virus-induced protein 2 (EBI2), but significantly fewer germinal centre (GC) B cells compared with tonsil. Antibody production and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells were significantly elevated in NP, and there was evidence for local class switch recombination in NP. Finally, ILC2s directly induced EBI2 expression on B cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest there is a unique B cell activation environment within NP that is distinct from classic GC-mediated mechanisms. We show for the first time that ILC2s directly induce EBI2 expression on B cells, indicating that ILC2s may play an important role in B cell responses. B cell-targeted therapies may provide new treatment options for CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Feldman
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Kasjanski
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Poposki
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Hernandez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J N Chen
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J E Norton
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Suh
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R G Carter
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W W Stevens
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A T Peters
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Shintani-Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K C Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L C Grammer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K E Harris
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Kato
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K E Hulse
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kyrou I, Weickert MO, Gharanei S, Randeva HS, Tan BK. Fibroblast growth factors: new insights, new targets in the management of diabetes. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2016; 42:248-270. [PMID: 27412358 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.16.02536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family consists of 22 evolutionarily and structurally related proteins (FGF1 to FGF23; with FGF15 being the rodent ortholog of human FGF19). Based on their mechanism of action, FGFs can be categorized into intracrine, autocrine/paracrine and endocrine subgroups. Both autocrine/paracrine and endocrine FGFs are secreted from their cells of origin and exert their effects on target cells by binding to and activating specific single-pass transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFRs). Moreover, FGF binding to FGFRs requires specific cofactors, namely heparin/heparan sulfate proteoglycans or Klothos for autocrine/paracrine and endocrine FGF signaling, respectively. FGFs are vital for embryonic development and mediate a broad spectrum of biological functions, ranging from cellular excitability to angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. Over the past decade certain FGFs (e.g. FGF1, FGF10, FGF15/FGF19 and FGF21) have been further recognized as regulators of energy homeostasis, metabolism and adipogenesis, constituting novel therapeutic targets for obesity and obesity-related cardiometabolic disease. Until recently, translational research has been mainly focused on FGF21, due to the pleiotropic, beneficial metabolic actions and the relatively benign safety profile of its engineered variants. However, increasing evidence regarding the role of additional FGFs in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and recent developments regarding novel, engineered FGF variants have revitalized the research interest into the therapeutic potential of certain additional FGFs (e.g. FGF1 and FGF15/FGF19). This review presents a brief overview of the FGF family, describing the mode of action of the different FGFs subgroups, and focuses on FGF1 and FGF15/FGF19, which appear to also represent promising new targets for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kyrou
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.,Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Centre of Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences (ABES), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Centre of Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences (ABES), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Seley Gharanei
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.,Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Centre of Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences (ABES), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK - .,Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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29
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of obesity on superfertility. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING A tertiary referral implantation clinic. POPULATION Four hundred and fourteen women attending a tertiary implantation clinic with a history of recurrent miscarriage (RMC), over a 4-year period. METHODS Pattern of pregnancy loss and time to pregnancy intervals for each pregnancy were collected by medical staff from women with RMC. The women were categorised into normal, overweight and obese according to their body mass index (BMI). Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed estimating the cumulative probability of a spontaneous pregnancy over time. The pregnancy loss patterns were correlated with BMI and data were compared between the categories using the Kruskal-Wallis test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pregnancy loss pattern and time to pregnancy intervals. RESULTS Overall, 23.2, 51.4 and 64.2% of women conceived within first 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. Obese women had cumulative pregnancy rates of 65.2 and 80% by three and 6 months, respectively, which was more than the cumulative pregnancy rates for women with normal BMI (49.2 and 65.8%). Comparison of survival curves indicated a significant difference in time to conceive for obese when compared with normal and overweight women (*P = 0.01), suggesting a higher prevalence of superfertility in obese women with RMC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that obese women may have a greater efficacy to achieve pregnancy, but with an increased risk of miscarriage, which may suggest the possible metabolic effects of obesity on endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Bhandari
- Division of Reproductive Health, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - B K Tan
- Division of Reproductive Health, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Quenby
- Division of Reproductive Health, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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30
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Hu J, Kyrou I, Tan BK, Dimitriadis GK, Ramanjaneya M, Tripathi G, Patel V, James S, Kawan M, Chen J, Randeva HS. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Acetate Stimulates Adipogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis via GPR43 in Brown Adipocytes. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1881-94. [PMID: 26990063 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids play crucial roles in a range of physiological functions. However, the effects of short-chain fatty acids on brown adipose tissue have not been fully investigated. We examined the role of acetate, a short-chain fatty acid formed by fermentation in the gut, in the regulation of brown adipocyte metabolism. Our results show that acetate up-regulates adipocyte protein 2, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, and uncoupling protein-1 expression and affects the morphological changes of brown adipocytes during adipogenesis. Moreover, an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis was observed after acetate treatment. Acetate also elicited the activation of ERK and cAMP response element-binding protein, and these responses were sensitive to G(i/o)-type G protein inactivator, Gβγ-subunit inhibitor, phospholipase C inhibitor, and MAPK kinase inhibitor, indicating a role for the G(i/o)βγ/phospholipase C/protein kinase C/MAPK kinase signaling pathway in these responses. These effects of acetate were mimicked by treatment with 4-chloro-α-(1-methylethyl)-N-2-thiazolylbenzeneacetamide, a synthetic G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) agonist and were impaired in GPR43 knockdown cells. Taken together, our results indicate that acetate may have important physiological roles in brown adipocytes through the activation of GPR43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Hu
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Gyanendra Tripathi
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Vanlata Patel
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Sean James
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Kawan
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Department of Translational and Experimental Medicine (J.H., B.K.T., G.K.D., G.T., V.P., M.K., J.C., H.S.R.), Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (I.K., B.K.T., G.K.D., H.S.R.) and Arden Tissue Bank (S.J.), Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals (B.K.T.), Heart of England National Health Service Foundation, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; Translational Research Institute (M.R.), Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050 Doha, Qatar; Jining Medical University (J.C.), 273100 Jining, People's Republic of China; and Aston Medical Research Institute (I.K., H.S.R.), Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex inflammatory condition that affects a large proportion of the population world-wide and is associated with high cost of management and significant morbidity. Yet, there is a lack of population-based epidemiologic studies using current definitions of CRSwNP, and the mechanisms that drive pathogenesis in this disease remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for the plethora of factors that likely contribute to CRSwNP pathogenesis. Defects in the innate function of the airway epithelial barrier, including diminished expression of antimicrobial products and loss of barrier integrity, combined with colonization by fungi and bacteria likely play a critical role in the development of chronic inflammation in CRSwNP. This chronic inflammation is characterized by elevated expression of many key inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-5, thymic stromal lymphopoietin and CCL11, that help to initiate and perpetuate this chronic inflammatory response. Together, these factors likely combine to drive the influx of a variety of immune cells, including eosinophils, mast cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells and lymphocytes, which participate in the chronic inflammatory response within the nasal polyps. Importantly, however, future studies are needed to demonstrate the necessity and sufficiency of these potential drivers of disease in CRSwNP. In addition to the development of new tools and models to aid mechanistic studies, the field of CRSwNP research also needs the type of robust epidemiologic data that has served the asthma community so well. Given the high prevalence, costs and morbidity, there is a great need for continued research into CRS that could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to improve treatment for patients who suffer from this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Hulse
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Poposki JA, Peterson S, Welch K, Schleimer RP, Hulse KE, Peters AT, Norton J, Suh LA, Carter R, Harris KE, Grammer LC, Tan BK, Chandra RK, Conley DB, Kern RC, Kato A. Elevated presence of myeloid dendritic cells in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:384-93. [PMID: 25469646 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by Th2 inflammation, the mechanism underlying the onset and amplification of this inflammation has not been fully elucidated. Dendritic cells (DCs) are major antigen-presenting cells, central inducers of adaptive immunity and critical regulators of many inflammatory diseases. However, the presence of DCs in CRS, especially in nasal polyps (NPs), has not been extensively studied. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize DC subsets in CRS. METHODS We used real-time PCR to assess the expression of mRNA for markers of myeloid DCs (mDCs; CD1c), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs; CD303) and Langerhans cells (LCs; CD1a, CD207) in uncinate tissue (UT) from controls and patients with CRS as well as in NP. We assayed the presence of DCs by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared to UT from control subjects (n = 15) and patients with CRS without NP (CRSsNP) (n = 16) and CRSwNP (n = 17), mRNAs for CD1a and CD1c were significantly elevated in NPs (n = 29). In contrast, CD207 mRNA was not elevated in NPs. Immunohistochemistry showed that CD1c(+) cells but not CD303(+) cells were significantly elevated in NPs compared to control subjects or patients with CRSsNP. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD1a(+) cells in NPs might be a subset of mDC1s and that CD45(+) CD19(-) CD1c(+) CD11c(+) CD141(-) CD303(-) HLA-DR(+) mDC1s and CD45(+) CD19(-) CD11c(+) CD1c(-) CD141(high) HLA-DR(+) mDC2s were significantly elevated in NPs compared to UT from controls and CRSsNP, but CD45(+) CD11c(-) CD303(+) HLA-DR(+) pDCs were only elevated in NPs compared to control UT. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Myeloid DCs are elevated in CRSwNP, especially in NPs. Myeloid DCs thus may indirectly contribute to the inflammation observed in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Poposki
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael P Wyldes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hsu P Chong
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Katherine J Barber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
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Ramanjaneya M, Tan BK, Rucinski M, Kawan M, Hu J, Kaur J, Patel VH, Malendowicz LK, Komarowska H, Lehnert H, Randeva HS. Nesfatin-1 inhibits proliferation and enhances apoptosis of human adrenocortical H295R cells. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:1-11. [PMID: 25869615 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NUCB2/nesfatin and its proteolytically cleaved product nesfatin-1 are recently discovered anorexigenic hypothalamic neuroproteins involved in energy homeostasis. It is expressed both centrally and in peripheral tissues, and appears to have potent metabolic actions. NUCB2/nesfatin neurons are activated in response to stress. Central nesfatin-1 administration elevates circulating ACTH and corticosterone levels. Bilateral adrenalectomy increased NUCB2/nesfatin mRNA levels in rat paraventricular nuclei. To date, studies have not assessed the effects of nesfatin-1 stimulation on human adrenocortical cells. Therefore, we investigated the expression and effects of nesfatin-1 in a human adrenocortical cell model (H295R). Our findings demonstrate that NUCB2 and nesfatin-1 are expressed in human adrenal gland and human adrenocortical cells (H295R). Stimulation with nesfatin-1 inhibits the growth of H295R cells and promotes apoptosis, potentially via the involvement of Bax, BCL-XL and BCL-2 genes as well as ERK1/2, p38 and JNK1/2 signalling cascades. This has implications for understanding the role of NUCB2/nesfatin in adrenal zonal development. NUCB2/nesfatin may also be a therapeutic target for adrenal cancer. However, further studies using in vivo models are needed to clarify these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohamed Kawan
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vanlata H Patel
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ludwik K Malendowicz
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hanna Komarowska
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 16 Karol Marcinkowski, Poznan, Poland1st Medical DepartmentUniversity of Lübeck Medical School, Lübeck, GermanyDepartment of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UKAston Medical Research InstituteSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKInterim Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyBirmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyPoznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, PolandDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Internal
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Abstract
Obesity is a major health burden with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction is pivotal to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In relation to this, adipose tissue secreted factors termed "adipokines" have been reported to modulate endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we focus on two of the most abundant circulating adipokines, that is, leptin and adiponectin, in the development of endothelial dysfunction. Leptin has been documented to influence a multitude of organ systems, that is, central nervous system (appetite regulation, satiety factor) and cardiovascular system (endothelial dysfunction leading to atherosclerosis). Adiponectin, circulating at a much higher concentration, exists in different molecular weight forms, essentially made up of the collagenous fraction and a globular domain, the latter being investigated minimally for its involvement in proinflammatory processes including activation of NF-κβ and endothelial adhesion molecules. The opposing actions of the two forms of adiponectin in endothelial cells have been recently demonstrated. Additionally, a local and systemic change to multimeric forms of adiponectin has gained importance. Thus detailed investigations on the potential interplay between these adipokines would likely result in better understanding of the missing links connecting CVD, adipokines, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Adya
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- *Raghu Adya:
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Tan BK, Chen J, Hu J, Amar O, Mattu HS, Ramanjaneya M, Patel V, Lehnert H, Randeva HS. Circulatory changes of the novel adipokine adipolin/CTRP12 in response to metformin treatment and an oral glucose challenge in humans. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:841-6. [PMID: 24612181 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipolin/CTRP12 is a novel adipokine with anti-inflammatory and glucose-lowering properties in rodents. We sought to investigate the effects of metformin treatment (850 mg twice daily for 6 months) and a 2 h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on serum adipolin concentrations in humans. DESIGN Cross-sectional study [PCOS (n = 83) and control (n = 39) subjects]. Serum adipolin was measured by ELISA. Metformin treatment (850 mg twice daily for 6 months) was offered to all women with PCOS, 34 women participated but 21 women completed 6 months of metformin therapy. Reasons for subjects not completing the study were nausea and gastrointestinal side effects (n = 4), pregnancies (n = 5), noncompliance (n = 2) and loss of contact (n = 2). RESULTS Metformin treatment (850 mg twice daily for 6 months) substantially increased serum adipolin concentrations (P < 0·05) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a pro-inflammatory state associated with obesity, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, changes in waist-hip ratio, glucose, triglycerides, CRP and carotid intima media thickness showed significant negative associations with changes in adipolin levels (P < 0·05, P < 0·01); in multiple regression analyses, only changes in glucose were predictive of changes in adipolin levels (β = -0·570, P = 0·009). Serum adipolin decreased significantly in response to the OGTT in PCOS and control subjects at 90 min (P < 0·05) and 120 min (P < 0·01). CONCLUSIONS Adipolin and/or novel pharmacologic agents that increase adipolin's circulating concentrations might constitute a novel approach in the treatment of insulin resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee K Tan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Ban B, Bai B, Zhang M, Hu J, Ramanjaneya M, Tan BK, Chen J. Low serum cartonectin/CTRP3 concentrations in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: in vivo regulation of cartonectin by glucose. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112931. [PMID: 25409499 PMCID: PMC4237345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cartonectin is a novel adipokine of the C1q complement/TNF-related protein (CTRP) superfamily, with glucose lowering effects, anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective properties. We sought to investigate circulating cartonectin concentrations in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as age and BMI matched control subjects. We also examined the effects of a 2 hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on serum cartonectin concentrations in T2DM subjects. DESIGN Cross-sectional study [newly diagnosed (first discovery, not on any treatments) T2DM (n = 47) and control (n = 63) subjects]. Serum cartonectin was measured by ELISA. RESULTS Serum cartonectin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with T2DM compared to controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, serum cartonectin was significantly negatively correlated with glucose and CRP, and significantly positively correlated with leptin, in all subjects (n = 110). When subjected to multiple regression analysis, none of these variables were predictive of serum cartonectin (P>0.05). There were no significant correlations in T2DM subjects (n = 47). In control subjects (n = 63), serum cartonectin was significantly negatively correlated with CRP, and significantly positively correlated with insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin. However, when subjected to multiple regression analysis, none of these variables were predictive of serum cartonectin (P>0.05). Finally, serum cartonectin concentrations were significantly lower in T2DM subjects after a 2 hour 75 g OGTT (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Cartonectin may serve as a novel biomarker for the prediction and early diagnosis of T2DM patients. Furthermore, cartonectin and/or pharmacological agents that increase circulating cartonectin levels can represent a new therapeutic field in the treatment of T2DM patients. Further research is needed to clarify these points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ban
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jining Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. of China
| | - Bo Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. of China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jining Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. of China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. of China
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (BKT); (JC)
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. of China
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (BKT); (JC)
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Murakami K, Lee YH, Lucas ES, Chan YW, Durairaj RP, Takeda S, Moore JD, Tan BK, Quenby S, Chan JKY, Gargett CE, Brosens JJ. Decidualization induces a secretome switch in perivascular niche cells of the human endometrium. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4542-53. [PMID: 25116707 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The endometrial perivascular microenvironment is rich in mesenchymal stem-like cells that express type 1 integral membrane protein Sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) but the role of these cells in the decidual transformation of this tissue in pregnancy is unknown. We used an antibody directed against SUSD2 (W5C5) to isolate perivascular (W5C5(+)) and nonperivascular (W5C5(-)) fibroblasts from mid-luteal biopsies. We show that SUSD2 expression, and hence the ratio of W5C5(+):W5C5(-) cells, changes in culture depending on cell-cell contact and activation of the Notch signaling pathway. RNA sequencing revealed that cultures derived from W5C5(+) progenitor cells remain phenotypically distinct by the enrichment of novel and established endometrial perivascular signature genes. In an undifferentiated state, W5C5(+)-derived cells produced lower levels of various chemokines and inflammatory modulators when compared with their W5C5(-) counterparts. This divergence in secretomes was switched and became more pronounced upon decidualization, which transformed perivascular W5C5(+) cells into the dominant source of a range of chemokines and cytokines, including leukemia inhibitory factor and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7. Our findings suggest that the decidual response is spatially organized at the embryo-maternal interface with differentiating perivascular cells establishing distinct cytokine and chemokine profiles that could potentially direct trophoblast toward maternal vessels and govern local immune responses in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Murakami
- Division of Reproductive Health, Clinical Science Research Laboratories (K.M., E.S.L., R.P.D., B.K.T., S.Q., J.J.B.), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2DX, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.M., S.T.), Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Interdisciplinary Research Groups of BioSystems and Micromechanics, and Infectious Diseases (Y.H.L.), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602; Warwick Systems Biology Centre (Y.-W.C., J.D.M.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program (J.K.Y.C.), Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857; and The Ritchie Centre (C.E.G.), Monash Institute of Medical Research-Prince Henry's Institute, Institute of Medical Research and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, Australia
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Reddy NL, Tan BK, Barber TM, Randeva HS. Brown adipose tissue: endocrine determinants of function and therapeutic manipulation as a novel treatment strategy for obesity. BMC Obes 2014; 1:13. [PMID: 26937283 PMCID: PMC4765227 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-014-0013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Recent observation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) being functional in adult humans provides a rationale for its stimulation to increase energy expenditure through ‘adaptive thermogenesis’ for an anti-obesity strategy. Many endocrine dysfunctions are associated with changes in metabolic rate that over time may result in changes in body weight. It is likely that human BAT plays a role in such processes. Review In this brief review article, we explore the endocrine determinants of BAT activity, and discuss how these insights may provide a basis for future developments of novel therapeutic strategies for obesity management. A review of electronic and print data comprising original and review articles retrieved from PubMed search up to December 2013 was conducted (Search terms: brown adipose tissue, brown fat, obesity, hormone). In addition, relevant references from the articles were screened for papers containing original data. Conclusion There is promising data to suggest that targeting endocrine hormones for BAT modulation can yield a cellular bioenergetics answer for successful prevention and management of human obesity. Further understanding of the physiological link between various endocrine hormones and BAT is necessary for the development of new therapeutic options. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40608-014-0013-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra L Reddy
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK ; Warwickshire Institute for Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Bee K Tan
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B9 5SS UK
| | - Thomas M Barber
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK ; Warwickshire Institute for Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK ; Warwickshire Institute for Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
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Abstract
There has been intense interest in the adipokines of the C1q complement/TNF-related protein (CTRP) superfamily. Adipolin (CTRP12) has been described as a novel adipokine, abundantly expressed in adipose tissue with insulin-sensitising and anti-inflammatory effects. We wanted to investigate the effects of acute and chronic hyperinsulinaemia on circulating adipolin concentrations (ELISA) via a prolonged insulin-glucose infusion in humans. We also examined the effects of insulin and the insulin sensitiser, rosiglitazone, on adipolin concentrations (western blotting) in human adipose tissue explants. We found that hyperinsulinaemic induction in healthy lean human subjects significantly increased circulating levels of adipolin (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Furthermore, in subcutaneous adipose tissue explants, insulin significantly increased adipolin protein expression and secretion (P<0.05 and P<0.01). This effect was attenuated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002 (P<0.05). Moreover, the insulin-sensitising peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone, significantly increased adipolin protein expression and secretion in subcutaneous adipose tissue explants (P<0.05 and P<0.01). This effect was inhibited by the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662 (P<0.05). Our data provide novel insights into adipolin physiology in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee K Tan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Research Institute, The Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Patel V, Adya R, Chen J, Ramanjaneya M, Bari MF, Bhudia SK, Hillhouse EW, Tan BK, Randeva HS. Novel insights into the cardio-protective effects of FGF21 in lean and obese rat hearts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87102. [PMID: 24498293 PMCID: PMC3911936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatic metabolic regulator with pleotropic actions. Its plasma concentrations are increased in obesity and diabetes; states associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. We therefore investigated the direct effect of FGF21 on cardio-protection in obese and lean hearts in response to ischemia. Methods and Results FGF21, FGF21-receptor 1 (FGFR1) and beta-Klotho (βKlotho) were expressed in rodent, human hearts and primary rat cardiomyocytes. Cardiac FGF21 was expressed and secreted (real time RT-PCR/western blot and ELISA) in an autocrine-paracrine manner, in response to obesity and hypoxia, involving FGFR1-βKlotho components. Cardiac-FGF21 expression and secretion were increased in response to global ischemia. In contrast βKlotho was reduced in obese hearts. In isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes, FGF21 activated PI3K/Akt (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt), ERK1/2(extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathways. In Langendorff perfused rat [adult male wild-type wistar] hearts, FGF21 administration induced significant cardio-protection and restoration of function following global ischemia. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt, AMPK, ERK1/2 and ROR-α (retinoic-acid receptor alpha) pathway led to significant decrease of FGF21 induced cardio-protection and restoration of cardiac function in response to global ischemia. More importantly, this cardio-protective response induced by FGF21 was reduced in obesity, although the cardiac expression profiles and circulating FGF21 levels were increased. Conclusion In an ex vivo Langendorff system, we show that FGF21 induced cardiac protection and restoration of cardiac function involving autocrine-paracrine pathways, with reduced effect in obesity. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into FGF21-induced cardiac effects in obesity and ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanlata Patel
- Division of Metabolic & Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Raghu Adya
- Division of Metabolic & Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Metabolic & Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Division of Metabolic & Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad F. Bari
- Division of Metabolic & Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sunil K. Bhudia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bee K. Tan
- Division of Metabolic & Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Division of Metabolic & Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Murakami K, Bhandari H, Lucas ES, Takeda S, Gargett CE, Quenby S, Brosens JJ, Tan BK. Deficiency in clonogenic endometrial mesenchymal stem cells in obese women with reproductive failure--a pilot study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82582. [PMID: 24340046 PMCID: PMC3858319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mechanisms of obesity associated reproductive complications remain poorly understood. Endometrial mesenchymal stem-cells are critical for cyclic renewal and uterine function. Recently, W5C5(+) cells, with high clonogenicity, capable of producing endometrial stroma in vivo, have been described. We sought to investigate the abundance and cloning efficiency of W5C5(+) and W5C5(-) endometrial cells in relation to Body Mass Index, age and reproductive outcome. DESIGN W5C5(+) and W5C5(-) cells were purified from mid-luteal endometrial biopsies (n = 54) by magnetic bead separation and subjected to in vitro colony-forming assays. RESULTS First trimester pregnancy losses were significantly higher in obese subjects (n = 12) compared to overweight (n = 20) and subjects with normal Body Mass Index (n = 22) (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). W5C5(+) cells (%) were significantly lower in obese subjects compared to subjects with normal Body Mass Index (P<0.05). W5C5(+) cloning efficiency was significantly lower in obese subjects compared to overweight and subjects with normal Body Mass Index (P<0.05, respectively). W5C5(-) cloning efficiency was significantly lower in obese subjects compared to subjects with normal Body Mass Index (P<0.05). Body Mass Index was significantly negatively correlated with W5C5(+) cloning efficiency and W5C5(-) cloning efficiency (P<0.01, respectively), and positively correlated with first trimester loss (P<0.01). We found no significant results with age (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that the regenerative capacity and plasticity of the endometrium of obese women is suboptimal, which in turn may account for the increased risk of reproductive complications associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Murakami
- Division of Reproductive Health, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harish Bhandari
- Division of Reproductive Health, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Emma S. Lucas
- Division of Reproductive Health, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Caroline E. Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Division of Reproductive Health, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jan J. Brosens
- Division of Reproductive Health, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Division of Reproductive Health, Clinical Science Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Adipolin is a novel adipokine with anti-inflammatory and glucose-lowering properties. Lower levels of adipolin are found in obese and diabetic mice. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a pro-inflammatory state associated with obesity and diabetes. To date, there are no human studies on adipolin. Therefore, we measured serum (ELISA) and adipose tissue adipolin mRNA expression (RT-PCR) and protein concentrations (western blotting) in PCOS and control subjects. We also investigated the ex vivo effect of glucose and metformin on adipolin protein production in human subcutaneous adipose tissue explants. We report novel data that serum and subcutaneous adipose tissue adipolin mRNA expression and protein concentrations were significantly lower in women with PCOS compared with control subjects. Furthermore, Spearman's rank analysis showed that serum adipolin concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and glucose (P<0.05). However, when subjected to multiple regression analysis, none of these variables were predictive of serum adipolin concentrations (P>0.05). Also, subcutaneous adipose tissue adipolin mRNA expression and protein concentrations were only significantly negatively correlated with glucose (P<0.05). No significant correlations were found with omental adipose tissue adipolin mRNA expression and protein concentrations (P>0.05). Moreover, glucose profoundly reduced and metformin significantly increased adipolin protein production in human adipose tissue explants respectively. Importantly, metformin's effects appear to be via the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee K Tan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Tan BK, Sivakumar K, Bari MF, Vatish M, Randeva HS. Lower cerebrospinal fluid/plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) ratios and placental FGF21 production in gestational diabetes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65254. [PMID: 23755203 PMCID: PMC3670883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) levels are increased in insulin resistant states such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In addition, GDM is associated with serious maternal and fetal complications. We sought to study human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and corresponding circulating FGF21 levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in age and BMI matched control subjects. We also assessed FGF21 secretion from GDM and control human placental explants. Design CSF and corresponding plasma FGF21 levels of 24 women were measured by ELISA [12 GDM (age: 26–47 years, BMI: 24.3–36.3 kg/m2) and 12 controls (age: 22–40 years, BMI: 30.1–37.0 kg/m2)]. FGF21 levels in conditioned media were secretion from GDM and control human placental explants were also measured by ELISA. Results Glucose, HOMA-IR and circulating NEFA levels were significantly higher in women with GDM compared to control subjects. Plasma FGF21 levels were significantly higher in women with GDM compared to control subjects [234.3 (150.2–352.7) vs. 115.5 (60.5–188.7) pg/ml; P<0.05]. However, there was no significant difference in CSF FGF21 levels in women with GDM compared to control subjects. Interestingly, CSF/Plasma FGF21 ratio was significantly lower in women with GDM compared to control subjects [0.4 (0.3–0.6) vs. 0.8 (0.5–1.6); P<0.05]. FGF21 secretion into conditioned media was significantly lower in human placental explants from women with GDM compared to control subjects (P<0.05). Conclusions The central actions of FGF21 in GDM subjects maybe pivotal in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in GDM subjects. The significance of FGF21 produced by the placenta remains uncharted and maybe crucial in our understanding of the patho-physiology of GDM and its associated maternal and fetal complications. Future research should seek to elucidate these points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee K. Tan
- Divisions of Metabolic & Vascular Health and Reproduction, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Kavitha Sivakumar
- Divisions of Metabolic & Vascular Health and Reproduction, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad F. Bari
- Divisions of Metabolic & Vascular Health and Reproduction, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Divisions of Metabolic & Vascular Health and Reproduction, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder amongst women of reproductive age and is associated with various metabolic perturbations, in addition to chronic anovulation and factors related to androgen excess. In general, women live longer than men and develop cardiovascular disease at an older age. However, women with PCOS, as compared with age- and body mass index-matched women without the syndrome, appear to have a higher risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and an increased prothrombotic state, possibly resulting in a higher rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, subclinical atherosclerosis, vascular dysfunction, and finally cardiovascular disease and mortality. Further alterations in PCOS include an increased prevalence of sleep apnea, as well as various changes in the secretion and/or function of adipokines, adipose tissue-derived proinflammatory factors and gut hormones, all of them with direct or indirect influences on the complex signaling network that regulates metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and energy homeostasis. Reviews on the cardiometabolic aspects of PCOS are rare, and our knowledge from recent studies is expanding rapidly. Therefore, it is the aim of the present review to discuss and to summarize the current knowledge, focusing on the alterations of cardiometabolic factors in women with PCOS. Further insight into this network of factors may facilitate finding therapeutic targets that should ameliorate not only ovarian dysfunction but also the various cardiometabolic alterations related to the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpal S Randeva
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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Adya R, Tan BK, Chen J, Randeva HS. Protective actions of globular and full-length adiponectin on human endothelial cells: novel insights into adiponectin-induced angiogenesis. J Vasc Res 2012; 49:534-43. [PMID: 22964477 DOI: 10.1159/000338279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Adiponectin levels are decreased in diabetes and atherosclerosis. Coexisting hyperglycaemia and systemic inflammation predisposes to dysregulated angiogenesis and vascular disease. We investigated the effect of globular adiponectin (gAd) and full-length adiponectin (fAd) on angiogenesis and pro-angiogenic molecules, i.e. matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). METHODS Angiogenesis was assessed by studying capillary tube formation in HMEC-1 on growth factor-reduced Matrigel. Endothelial cell migration assay was performed in a modified Boyden chamber. RESULTS Endothelial cell proliferation, in vitro migration and angiogenesis were significantly increased by gAd (mediated by AdipoR1, AMPK-Akt pathways), and gAd significantly increased MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF expression levels. The effect of gAd on VEGF appears to be mediated by AdipoR1, whilst the effect of gAd on MMP-2 and MMP-9 appears to be mediated by AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. Only endothelial cell proliferation was significantly increased by fAd in human microvascular endothelial cells and appears to be mediated by AdipoR2. No significant effects on MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF were observed. Importantly, gAd decreased glucose and C-reactive protein-induced angiogenesis with a concomitant reduction in MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF in HMEC-1 cells. CONCLUSION We report novel insights into the mechanisms of adiponectin on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Adya
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Weickert MO, Hodges P, Tan BK, Randeva HS. Neuroendocrine and endocrine dysfunction in the hyperinsulinemic PCOS patient: the role of metformin. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2012; 37:25-40. [PMID: 22382613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used and extensively studied insulin sensitising drug for the treatment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with various actions in tissues responding to insulin that include the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, the endothelium of blood vessels, and the ovaries. Treatment of PCOS women with metformin has been shown to reduce fasting glucose levels, blood pressure, and serum androgens; further effects of metformin in women with PCOS may include direct effects on the central nervous system; and indirect effects via the modification of gut hormone and adipokine synthesis and/or secretion. A number of "novel" adipokines and metabolic factors have been recently identified which may play a role both in the pathogenesis and the treatment of women with PCOS. We here discuss recent advances in the area, with a focus on neuroendocrine and endocrine dysfunctions in women with PCOS and the potential role of metformin in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.
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Keswani A, Chustz RT, Suh L, Carter R, Peters AT, Tan BK, Chandra R, Kim SH, Azam T, Dinarello CA, Kern RC, Schleimer RP, Kato A. Differential expression of interleukin-32 in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Allergy 2012; 67:25-32. [PMID: 21899560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by local inflammation of the upper airways and sinuses and is frequently divided into polypoid CRS (CRSwNP) and nonpolypoid CRS (CRSsNP). However, the mechanism of inflammation in CRS has still not been fully elucidated. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of interleukin-32 (IL-32), a recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine, in CRS. METHODS We collected nasal epithelial cells and nasal tissue from patients with CRS and control subjects. We assayed mRNA for IL-32 by real-time PCR and measured IL-32 protein using ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The expression of mRNA for IL-32 was elevated in epithelial cells from uncinate tissue from patients with CRSsNP compared with patients with CRSwNP (P < 0.05), control subjects (P=0.06), and epithelial cells from nasal polyp (NP) tissue (P < 0.05). Production of IL-32 was induced by IFN-γ, TNF, and dsRNA in primary airway epithelial cells. In whole-tissue extracts, the expression of IL-32 protein was significantly elevated in patients with CRSwNP compared with patients with CRSsNP and control subjects. Immunohistochemistry data showed that IL-32 was detected in mucosal epithelial cells and inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. Levels of IL-32 were correlated with the levels of CD3 and macrophage mannose receptor in NP tissue. Immunofluorescence data showed IL-32 co-localization with CD3-positive T cells and CD68-positive macrophages in NPs. CONCLUSION Overproduction of IL-32 may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRS, although the role of IL-32 in the inflammation in CRSsNP and CRSwNP may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Keswani
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 E. Huron,Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Tan BK, Hallschmid M, Adya R, Kern W, Lehnert H, Randeva HS. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in human cerebrospinal fluid: relationship with plasma FGF21 and body adiposity. Diabetes 2011; 60:2758-62. [PMID: 21926274 PMCID: PMC3198100 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reports of increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels in obesity indicate that FGF21 may be implicated in body weight homeostasis. We sought to investigate the existence of FGF21 in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and, if present, the relationship between CSF FGF21 with body adiposity and metabolic parameters. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CSF and corresponding plasma FGF21 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (18 men and 20 women, aged 19-80 years, and BMI 16.2-38.1 kg/m(2)) and correlated to body adiposity and metabolic parameters. RESULTS CSF and plasma FGF21 increased in particular with rising BMI and fat mass. In CSF, FGF21 was detectable at concentrations ~40% that of plasma levels. CSF and plasma FGF21 levels were significantly positively correlated with BMI and fat mass, body weight, plasma insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Plasma FGF21 levels were significantly negatively correlated with plasma adiponectin. When subjected to multiple regression analysis, only fat mass was predictive of plasma FGF21 (β = 0.758; P = 0.004) and CSF FGF21 (β = 0.767; P = 0.007). The CSF-to-plasma FGF21 ratio was significantly negatively correlated with BMI, fat mass, and plasma FGF21. Subjects in the highest plasma FGF21 quintile had a lower CSF-to-plasma FGF21 ratio (12.7% [9.7-14.9%]) compared with those in the lowest plasma FGF21 quintile (94.7% [37.3-99.8%]) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our observations have important implications with respect to the potential central actions of FGF21. Future research should seek to clarify whether FGF21 would be beneficial in the management of obesity and its metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee K Tan
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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Tan BK, Hallschmid M, Kern W, Lehnert H, Randeva HS. Decreased cerebrospinal fluid/plasma ratio of the novel satiety molecule, nesfatin-1/NUCB-2, in obese humans: evidence of nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 resistance and implications for obesity treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E669-73. [PMID: 21252251 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The novel adipokine, nesfatin-1/NUCB-2, reduces food intake, levels of which are elevated in overweight individuals. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying brain nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 uptake and to determine whether reduced uptake may contribute to nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 resistance. DESIGN Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and corresponding plasma nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 were measured by ELISA [18 men and 20 women; age, 19-80 yr; body mass index (BMI), 16.2-38.1 kg/m(2)] and correlated to body adiposity and metabolic parameters. RESULTS CSF/plasma nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 ratio was significantly negatively associated with BMI, body weight, fat mass, and CSF glucose. BMI was predictive of CSF/plasma nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 ratio (β = -0.786; P = 0.045). CSF nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 was significantly positively associated with plasma nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 (R = 0.706; P < 0.01). There was a significant linear relation between CSF and plasma nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 in lean (BMI <25 kg/m(2); R = 0.744; P = 0.002) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2); R = 0.693; P = 0.026) subjects. Subjects in the highest plasma nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 quintile had lower CSF/plasma nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 ratio [26.5% (26.0-29.5%)] compared to the lowest plasma nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 quintile [38.5% (34.0-42.0%)] (P < 0.01), corresponding BMI [32.4 (31.0-35.0) vs. 23.3 (19.7-23.5) kg/m(2); P < 0.01], and fat mass [32.8 (29.5-40.6) vs. 30.7 (8.2-20.1) kg/m(2); P < 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS Our observations have important implications with respect to the potential weight-reducing actions of nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 treatment. Future research should seek to clarify whether nesfatin-1/NUCB-2 would be beneficial in the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee K Tan
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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