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Lyu J, Okada H, Sunagozaka H, Kawaguchi K, Shimakami T, Nio K, Murai K, Shirasaki T, Yoshida M, Arai K, Yamashita T, Tanaka T, Harada K, Takamura T, Kaneko S, Yamashita T, Honda M. Potential utility of l-carnitine for preventing liver tumors derived from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0425. [PMID: 38619434 PMCID: PMC11019826 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have unveiled the potential utility of l-carnitine to alleviate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) by enhancing mitochondrial metabolic function. However, its efficacy at preventing the development of HCC has not been assessed fully. METHODS l-carnitine (2 g/d) was administered to 11 patients with MASH for 10 weeks, and blood liver function tests were performed. Five patients received a serial liver biopsy, and liver histology and hepatic gene expression were evaluated using this tissue. An atherogenic plus high-fat diet MASH mouse model received long-term l-carnitine administration, and liver histology and liver tumor development were evaluated. RESULTS Ten-week l-carnitine administration significantly improved serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels along with a histological improvement in the NAFLD activity score, while steatosis and fibrosis were not improved. Gene expression profiling revealed a significant improvement in the inflammation and profibrotic gene signature as well as the recovery of lipid metabolism. Long-term l-carnitine administration to atherogenic plus high-fat diet MASH mice substantially improved liver histology (inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis) and significantly reduced the incidence of liver tumors. l-carnitine directly reduced the expression of the MASH-associated and stress-induced transcriptional factor early growth response 1. Early growth response 1 activated the promoter activity of neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated protein 9 (NEDD9), an oncogenic protein. Thus, l-carnitine reduced the activation of the NEDD9, focal adhesion kinase 1, and AKT oncogenic signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Short-term l-carnitine administration ameliorated MASH through its anti-inflammatory effects. Long-term l-carnitine administration potentially improved the steatosis and fibrosis of MASH and may eventually reduce the risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Lyu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Sunagozaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kouki Nio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Murai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Shirasaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mika Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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Yamagata M, Tsuchishima M, Saito T, Tsutsumi M, George J. Therapeutic implication of human placental extract to prevent liver cirrhosis in rats with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:327-349. [PMID: 38381799 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is always accompanied with hepatic fibrosis that could potentially progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Employing a rat model, we evaluated the role of human placental extract (HPE) to arrest the progression of hepatic fibrosis to cirrhosis in patients with MASH. SHRSP5/Dmcr rats were fed with a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks and evaluated for the development of steatosis. The animals were divided into control and treated groups and received either saline or HPE (3.6 ml/kg body weight) subcutaneously thrice a week. A set of animals were killed at the end of 6th, 8th, and 12th weeks from the beginning of the experiment. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione content were measured. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), collagen type I, and type III. Control rats depicted progression of liver fibrosis at 6 weeks, advanced fibrosis and bridging at 8 weeks, and cirrhosis at 12 weeks, which were significantly decreased in HPE-treated animals. Treatment with HPE maintained normal levels of MDA and glutathione in the liver. There was marked decrease in the staining intensity of α-SMA, 4-HNE, and collagen type I and type III in HPE treated rats compared with control animals. The results of the present study indicated that HPE treatment mediates immunotropic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant responses and attenuates hepatic fibrosis and early cirrhosis. HPE depicts therapeutic potential to arrest the progression of MASH towards cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Yamagata
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Tsuchishima
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Tsutsumi
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Joseph George
- Department of Hepatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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Song H, Li H, Lu J, Chen M, Cao Y, Chu Q. Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne fruit polyphenols alleviate high-fat diet-induced obesity and liver steatosis by improving lipid metabolism in mice. Nutr Res 2024; 123:111-119. [PMID: 38310647 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne fruit is a rich source of medicinally and nutritionally important natural phytochemicals that benefit human health. Based on the information provided, we hypothesized that Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne fruit polyphenols (CSFP) possessed in vivo protective effect of on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Specific pathogen-free male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and fed with a low-fat diet, HFD, or HFD supplemented with CSFP by intragastric administration for 14 weeks. Obesity-related biochemical indexes and hepatic gene expression profile were determined. The findings of this study demonstrated notable reductions in body weight gain, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and steatosis grade in the group supplemented with CSFP compared with the HFD group. Gene expression analysis provided insights into the molecular mechanisms, demonstrating that CSFP downregulated the expression of key genes involved in lipogenesis (e.g., Fas, Fads2, Scd1) and upregulated the genes associated with fatty acid oxidation (e.g., Pparα, Cpt1a, Acox1), while also suppressing genes implicated in cholesterol homeostasis (e.g., HMGCoR, Insig1, AdipoR2). These molecular changes suggest that CSFP exerts protective effects by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism pathways, thereby mitigating the metabolic derangements associated with HFD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minfang Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yubo Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/ Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiang Chu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Dansou DM, Chen H, Yu Y, Yang Y, Tchana IN, Zhao L, Tang C, Zhao Q, Qin Y, Zhang J. Enrichment efficiency of lutein in eggs and its function in improving fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in aged laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103286. [PMID: 38100949 PMCID: PMC10762472 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the enrichment efficiency of lutein in eggs and its function in preventing fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in aged laying hens. Five groups of laying hens (65 wk old) were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90, or 120 mg/kg of lutein. The supplementation period lasted 12 wk followed by 2 wk of lutein depletion in feed. The results revealed that lutein efficiently enriched the egg yolks and improved their color with a significant increase in relative redness (P < 0.001). Lutein accumulation increased in the egg yolk until day 10, then depletion reached a minimum level after 14 d. Overall, zeaxanthin content in all the groups was similar throughout the experimental period. However, triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly decreased in the liver (P < 0.05) but not significantly different in the serum (P > 0.05). In the serum, the lipid metabolism enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), whereas dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 was not significantly different (P > 0.05), and there was no statistical difference of either enzyme in the liver (P > 0.05). Regarding oxidation and inflammation-related indexes, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factors alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 beta were decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity increased in the liver (P < 0.001). The function of lutein for the same indexes in serum was limited. It was concluded that lutein efficiently enriched the egg yolk of old laying hens to improve their color and reached the highest level on day 10 without being subject to a significant conversion into zeaxanthin. At the same time, lutein prevented liver steatosis in aged laying hens by exerting strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions, but also through the modulation of lipid metabolism, which may contribute to reducing the incidence of FLHS in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné M Dansou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Isabelle N Tchana
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wang C, Yang Y, Chen J, Dai X, Xing C, Zhang C, Cao H, Guo X, Hu G, Zhuang Y. Berberine Protects against High-Energy and Low-Protein Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis: Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism in Laying Hens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17304. [PMID: 38139133 PMCID: PMC10744296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a natural alkaloid with multiple biotical effects that has potential as a treatment for fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS). However, the mechanism underlying the protective effect of BBR against FLHS remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of BBR on FLHS induced by a high-energy, low-protein (HELP) diet and explore the involvement of the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in the protective effects. A total of 90 healthy 140-day-old Hy-line laying hens were randomly divided into three groups, including a control group (fed a basic diet), a HELP group (fed a HELP diet), and a HELP+BBR group (high-energy, high-protein diet supplemented with BBR instead of maize). Our results show that BBR supplementation alleviated liver injury and hepatic steatosis in laying hens. Moreover, BBR supplementation could significantly regulate the gut's microbial composition, increasing the abundance of Actinobacteria and Romboutsia. In addition, the BBR supplement altered the profile of bile acid. Furthermore, the gut microbiota participates in bile acid metabolism, especially taurochenodeoxycholic acid and α-muricholic acid. BBR supplementation could regulate the expression of genes and proteins related to glucose metabolism, lipid synthesis (FAS, SREBP-1c), and bile acid synthesis (FXR, CYP27a1). Collectively, our findings demonstrate that BBR might be a potential feed additive for preventing FLHS by regulating the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.D.); (C.X.); (C.Z.); (H.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, China; (C.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.C.); (X.D.); (C.X.); (C.Z.); (H.C.); (X.G.)
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Li W, Spray B, Børsheim E, Korourian S, Hakkak R. Long-Term Feeding Soy Protein Concentrates Protect Against Hepatic Steatosis Independent of Isoflavone Levels. J Med Food 2023; 26:911-918. [PMID: 37971778 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of soy foods are attributed to the high-quality protein and the bioactive compounds such as isoflavones. We previously reported that feeding obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats soy protein concentrates (SPCs) with low isoflavone (LIF) and high isoflavone (HIF) for 9 weeks significantly reduced liver steatosis compared to a casein control (C) diet. The current study extended the dietary treatments to 18 weeks to investigate the long-term effect of LIF and HIF SPC diets. 6-week-old male lean (L, n = 21) and obese (O, n = 21) Zucker rats were fed a casein C diet, LIF and HIF SPC diets for 18 weeks and body weight (BW) was recorded twice weekly. Rats were killed after 18 weeks to measure liver steatosis and serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Obese rats had significantly greater final BW, liver weight, liver weight as the percentage of BW, and steatosis score compared to lean rats in all three dietary groups. The obese high-isoflavones (OHIF) group had significantly higher BW compared to obese control (OC) group (P < .0001) and obese low-isoflavones (OLIF) group (P = .01). OC group had significantly greater liver weight, liver weight as the percentage of BW, and liver steatosis score compared to OLIF (P = .0077, P < .0001 and P < .0001, respectively) and OHIF (P = .0094, P < .0001, and P < .0001, respectively) groups. Taken together, long-term feeding of SPC diets protected against liver steatosis regardless of isoflavone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Beverly Spray
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Soheila Korourian
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Reza Hakkak
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Nam JH, Han GP, Kim DY, Kwon CH, Kil DY. Effect of dietary glycine supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, stress response, and fatty liver incidence in laying hens raised under heat stress conditions. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103101. [PMID: 37826904 PMCID: PMC10571020 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The current experiment aimed to investigate the effect of dietary glycine (Gly) supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, stress response, and fatty liver incidence in laying hens raised under heat stress (HS) conditions. A total of two hundred eighty 24-wk-old Lohmann Brown-Lite laying hens were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 7 replicates. The negative control (NC) diet was prepared to meet or exceed the nutrient and energy requirement for Lohmann Brown laying hens, whereas the positive control (PC) diet was formulated to increase AMEn by 100 kcal/kg compared with the NC diet. Two additional diets were prepared by supplementing 0.341% and 0.683% Gly to the NC diet. All hens were exposed to cyclic HS at 31.4 ± 1.17°C for 8 h/d and 26.7 ± 1.10°C for the remaining time for a 12-wk trial. Results indicated that increasing supplementation of Gly in diets tended (linear, P = 0.088) to decrease the FCR of laying hens. Increasing supplementation of Gly in diets increased (linear, P < 0.05) eggshell lightness and decreased (linear, P < 0.05) egg yolk color. Moreover, a tendency for a quadratic association (P < 0.10) of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations with increasing supplementation of Gly was observed. Increasing supplementation of Gly in diets decreased (linear, P < 0.05) blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratio of laying hens. Hens fed the NC diet showed higher fatty liver incidence (P < 0.05) than those fed the PC diet, but increasing supplementation of Gly decreased (linear, P < 0.05) fatty liver incidence of laying hens. In conclusion, increasing supplementation of Gly up to 0.683% in diets decreases FCR, stress response, and fatty liver incidence in laying hens raised under HS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hun Nam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Ppeum Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Zwierz M, Chabowski A, Sztolsztener K. α-Lipoic acid - a promising agent for attenuating inflammation and preventing steatohepatitis in rats fed a high-fat diet. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 750:109811. [PMID: 37926405 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent liver disorder affecting a significant part of the global population. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of α-lipoic acid (α-LA) on the inflammatory response during simple steatosis development and progression into steatohepatitis. The study used the MASLD model in male Wistar rats that were fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Throughout the entire experiment, half of the animals received α-LA supplementation. The hepatic activity of pro-inflammatory n-6 and anti-inflammatory n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) pathways and the concentration of arachidonic acid (AA) in selected lipid fractions were determined by the gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The hepatic expression of proteins from inflammatory pathway was measured by the Western blot technique. The level of eicosanoids, cytokines and chemokines was assessed by the ELISA or multiplex assay kits. The results showed that α-LA supplementation attenuated the activity of n-6 PUFA pathway in FFA and DAG and increased the activity of n-3 PUFA pathway in PL, TAG and DAG. In addition, the administration of α-LA decreased the concentration of AA in DAG and FFA, indicating its potential protective effect on the deterioration of simple hepatic steatosis. The supplementation of α-LA also increased the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 with the lack of significant changes in prostaglandins profile. We observed an increase in the expression of 12/15-LOX, which was reflected in an increase in lipoxin A4 (LXA4) level. A decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines was also noticed in the liver of rats treated with HFD and α-LA. Our observations confirm that α-LA treatment has potential protective effects on inflammation development in the MASLD model. We believe that α-LA has a preventive impact when it comes to the progression of simple steatosis lesions to steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Zwierz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Sztolsztener
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicz Str. 2C, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhao X, Xu Y, Wang P, Liang X, Xue M, Liang H. Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy Prevents Hepatic Steatosis in Male Offspring of Rat Dams Fed High-Fat Diet, Which Is Associated with the Regulation of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:4726. [PMID: 38004120 PMCID: PMC10675082 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy have been demonstrated to impact the structure of the gut microbiota in offspring, altering their susceptibility to diseases. This study is designed to elucidate whether the impact of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy on hepatic steatosis in male offspring of rat dams exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) is related to gut-liver axis homeostasis. In this study, female rats were administered a HFD and simultaneously supplemented with 5 mg/kg folic acid throughout their pregnancy. Histopathological examination showed that folic acid supplementation effectively ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammatory infiltrate in male offspring subjected to a maternal HFD. Maternal folic acid supplementation reduced the abundance of Desulfobacterota and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio in male offspring. The expression of tight junction proteins in the colon was significantly upregulated, and the serum LPS level was significantly reduced. Furthermore, there was a notable reduction in the hepatic expression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and subsequent inflammatory mediators. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed significant associations between hepatic inflammation-related indices and several gut microbiota, particularly Desulfobacterota and Lactobacillus. With a reduction in hepatic inflammation, the expression of PPAR-α was upregulated, and the expression of SREBP-1c and its downstream lipid metabolism-related genes was downregulated. In summary, folic acid supplementation during pregnancy modulates gut microbiota and enhances intestinal barrier integrity in male offspring of HFD dams. This helps reduce the LPS leakage and suppress the expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway in the liver, thereby improving lipid metabolism disorders, and alleviating hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuenuo Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xi Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Meilan Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (P.W.); (X.L.)
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10
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Yu S, Wang H, Cui L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wu Z, Lin X, He N, Zou Y, Li S. Pectic oligosaccharides ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in association with modulating gut microbiota in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:9892-9906. [PMID: 37853813 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that gut microbiota and its metabolites have important significance in the etiology of obesity and related disorders. Prebiotics prevent and alleviate obesity by modulating the gut microbiota. However, how pectin oligosaccharides (POS) derived from pectin degradation affect gut microbiota and obesity remains unclear. To investigate the potential anti-obesity effects of POS, mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and a POS supplement with drinking water during the last 8 weeks. The outcomes demonstrated that POS supplementation in HFD-fed mice decreased body weight (P < 0.01), improved glucose tolerance (P < 0.001), reduced fat accumulation (P < 0.0001) and hepatic steatosis, protected intestinal barrier, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. After fecal metagenomic sequencing, the POS corrected the gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by the HFD, as shown by the increased populations of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus taiwanensis, and Bifidobacterium animalis, and decreased populations of Alistipes and Erysipelatoclostridium, which were previously considered harmful bacteria. Notably, the changed gut microbiota was associated with the obesity prevention of POS. These findings demonstrate that POS regulates particular gut microbiota, which is essential owing to its ability to prevent disorders associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Haoyu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Luwen Cui
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhinan Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | | | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yuanqiang Zou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Detection and Intervention of Human Intestinal Microbiome, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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11
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Song H, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Deng R, Zheng X. Averrhoa carambola L. fruit polyphenols ameliorate hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia by modulating lipid and glucose metabolism in mice with obesity. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:6531-6539. [PMID: 37225676 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia are common metabolic complications of obesity. The objective of the present study is to investigate the in vivo protective effect of Averrhoa carambola L. fruit polyphenols (ACFP) on hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying the beneficial effects of ACFP. Thirty-six specific pathogen-free male C57BL/6J mice (4 weeks old, weighing 17.1-19.9 g) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% fat energy), HFD (45% fat energy), or HFD supplemented with ACFP by intragastric administration for 14 weeks. Obesity-related biochemical indexes and hepatic gene expression levels were determined. The statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's multiple range test. RESULTS The results showed that the body weight gain, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, insulin resistance index, and steatosis grade in the ACFP group decreased by 29.57%, 26.25%, 27.4%, 19.6%, 40.32%, and 40%, respectively, compared to the HFD group. Gene expression analysis indicated that ACFP treatment improved the gene expression profiles involved in lipid and glucose metabolism compared to the HFD group. CONCLUSION ACFP protected from HFD-induced obesity and obesity-associated hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia by improving lipid and glucose metabolism in mice. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Rou Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Wang G, Li J, Bojmar L, Chen H, Li Z, Tobias GC, Hu M, Homan EA, Lucotti S, Zhao F, Posada V, Oxley PR, Cioffi M, Kim HS, Wang H, Lauritzen P, Boudreau N, Shi Z, Burd CE, Zippin JH, Lo JC, Pitt GS, Hernandez J, Zambirinis CP, Hollingsworth MA, Grandgenett PM, Jain M, Batra SK, DiMaio DJ, Grem JL, Klute KA, Trippett TM, Egeblad M, Paul D, Bromberg J, Kelsen D, Rajasekhar VK, Healey JH, Matei IR, Jarnagin WR, Schwartz RE, Zhang H, Lyden D. Tumour extracellular vesicles and particles induce liver metabolic dysfunction. Nature 2023; 618:374-382. [PMID: 37225988 PMCID: PMC10330936 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer alters the function of multiple organs beyond those targeted by metastasis1,2. Here we show that inflammation, fatty liver and dysregulated metabolism are hallmarks of systemically affected livers in mouse models and in patients with extrahepatic metastasis. We identified tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) as crucial mediators of cancer-induced hepatic reprogramming, which could be reversed by reducing tumour EVP secretion via depletion of Rab27a. All EVP subpopulations, exosomes and principally exomeres, could dysregulate hepatic function. The fatty acid cargo of tumour EVPs-particularly palmitic acid-induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) by Kupffer cells, generating a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, suppressing fatty acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, and promoting fatty liver formation. Notably, Kupffer cell ablation or TNF blockade markedly decreased tumour-induced fatty liver generation. Tumour implantation or pre-treatment with tumour EVPs diminished cytochrome P450 gene expression and attenuated drug metabolism in a TNF-dependent manner. We also observed fatty liver and decreased cytochrome P450 expression at diagnosis in tumour-free livers of patients with pancreatic cancer who later developed extrahepatic metastasis, highlighting the clinical relevance of our findings. Notably, tumour EVP education enhanced side effects of chemotherapy, including bone marrow suppression and cardiotoxicity, suggesting that metabolic reprogramming of the liver by tumour-derived EVPs may limit chemotherapy tolerance in patients with cancer. Our results reveal how tumour-derived EVPs dysregulate hepatic function and their targetable potential, alongside TNF inhibition, for preventing fatty liver formation and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianlong Li
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linda Bojmar
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gabriel C Tobias
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengying Hu
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edwin A Homan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serena Lucotti
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fengbo Zhao
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Basic Medical Research Center, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Valentina Posada
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter R Oxley
- Samuel J. Wood Library, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Cioffi
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Han Sang Kim
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Huajuan Wang
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pernille Lauritzen
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy Boudreau
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhanjun Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Christin E Burd
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan H Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Lo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Pitt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Hernandez
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constantinos P Zambirinis
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul M Grandgenett
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dominick J DiMaio
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jean L Grem
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kelsey A Klute
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tanya M Trippett
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Doru Paul
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kelsen
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vinagolu K Rajasekhar
- Orthopedic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John H Healey
- Orthopedic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina R Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - William R Jarnagin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Ashour H, Rashed LA, Hassanein RTM, Aboulhoda BE, Ebrahim HA, Elsayed MH, Elkordy MA, Abdelwahed OM. Thymoquinone and quercetin protect against hepatic steatosis in association with SIRT1/AMPK stimulation and regulation of autophagy, perilipin-2, and cytosolic lipases. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:268-281. [PMID: 36264662 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2134423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to investigate thymoquinone (TQ)/quercetin combination in preventing hepatic steatosis (HS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The included rat groups; (1) Control, (2) HS model, (3) HS treated with TQ 10 mg.kg-1.d-1, (4) HS treated with quercetin 50 mg.kg-1.d-1, and (5) HS treated with both compounds for 4 weeks. RESULTS TQ/quercetin co-treatment augmented the anti-steatosis potential of each ingredient. The results revealed more (p < 0.001) sirtuin (SIRT1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) upregulation compared to each treatment in line with autophagy protein Atg7 enhancement, and suppressed pro-inflammatory and oxidation markers. They diminished the hepatic lipogenic enzymes and perilipin-2 and activated the cytosolic lipases adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Histological and Biochemical analysis revealed diminished lipid deposition and improved liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) compared to the data of separate treatments. CONCLUSION TQ and quercitin effectively upregulated SIRT1/p-AMPK and regulated hepatic perilipin-2/ATGL, inflammation and oxidative stress, preserved liver structure and function. TQ/quercetin combination additively prevents HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Ashour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa T M Hassanein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Basma E Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hasnaa A Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Elsayed
- Department of Pediatrics ICU, Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics ICU, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miran A Elkordy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omaima M Abdelwahed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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14
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He T, Lykov N, Luo X, Wang H, Du Z, Chen Z, Chen S, Zhu L, Zhao Y, Tzeng C. Protective Effects of Lactobacillus gasseri against High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Fatty Liver and Regulation of Host Gene Expression Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032053. [PMID: 36768377 PMCID: PMC9917166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is one of the most pervasive liver diseases worldwide. Probiotics play an important role in the progression of liver disease, but their effects on host regulation are poorly understood. This study investigated the protective effects of lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri) against high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced fatty liver injury using a zebrafish larvae model. Liver pathology, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation were evaluated to demonstrate the changes in a spectrum of hepatic injury. Moreover, multiple indexes on host gene expression profiles were comprehensively characterized by RNA screening. The results showed that treatment with L. gasseri ameliorated HCD-induced morphological and histological alterations, lipid regulations, oxidative stress and macrophage aggregation in the liver of zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, the enrichment of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway revealed that the core pathways of L. gasseri regulation were interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway, the regulation of lipolysis and adipocytes and fatty acid elongation and estrogen signaling. The genes at key junction nodes, hsp90aa1.1, kyat3, hsd17b7, irs2a, myl9b, ptgs2b, cdk21 and papss2a were significantly regulated by L. gasseri administration. To conclude, the current research extends our understanding of the protective effects of L. gasseri against fatty liver and provides potential therapeutic options for fatty liver treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ye Zhao
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
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15
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Daskova N, Heczkova M, Modos I, Hradecky J, Hudcovic T, Kuzma M, Pelantova H, Buskova I, Sticova E, Funda D, Golias J, Drabonova B, Jarkovska J, Kralova M, Cibulkova I, Gojda J, Cahova M. Protective Effect of Vegan Microbiota on Liver Steatosis Is Conveyed by Dietary Fiber: Implications for Fecal Microbiota Transfer Therapy. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020454. [PMID: 36678325 PMCID: PMC9867259 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transfer may serve as a therapeutic tool for treating obesity and related disorders but currently, there is no consensus regarding the optimal donor characteristics. We studied how microbiota from vegan donors, who exhibit a low incidence of non-communicable diseases, impact on metabolic effects of an obesogenic diet and the potential role of dietary inulin in mediating these effects. Ex-germ-free animals were colonized with human vegan microbiota and fed a standard or Western-type diet (WD) with or without inulin supplementation. Despite the colonization with vegan microbiota, WD induced excessive weight gain, impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and liver steatosis. However, supplementation with inulin reversed steatosis and improved glucose homeostasis. In contrast, inulin did not affect WD-induced metabolic changes in non-humanized conventional mice. In vegan microbiota-colonized mice, inulin supplementation resulted in a significant change in gut microbiota composition and its metabolic performance, inducing the shift from proteolytic towards saccharolytic fermentation (decrease of sulfur-containing compounds, increase of SCFA). We found that (i) vegan microbiota alone does not protect against adverse effects of WD; and (ii) supplementation with inulin reversed steatosis and normalized glucose metabolism. This phenomenon is associated with the shift in microbiota composition and accentuation of saccharolytic fermentation at the expense of proteolytic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Daskova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Heczkova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Istvan Modos
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Hradecky
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Hudcovic
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantova
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Buskova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sticova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Funda
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Golias
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Drabonova
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Maria Kralova
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Masaryk University, 60177 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Cibulkova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gojda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Cahova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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16
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Zheng C, Zheng Y, Chen X, Zhong X, Zheng X, Yang S, Zheng Z. α-NETA down-regulates CMKLR1 mRNA expression in ileum and prevents body weight gains collaborating with ERK inhibitor PD98059 in turn to alleviate hepatic steatosis in HFD-induced obese mice but no impact on ileal mucosal integrity and steatohepatitis progression. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:9. [PMID: 36624417 PMCID: PMC9830776 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on chemerin/chemokine-like receptor-1 have mainly focused on adipose and liver with the intestinal tissues largely overlooked. In this study conducted on obese mice, we have explored: 1) CMKLR1 expression in the ileums; 2) CMKLR1 inhibitor α-NETA on body weight and intestinal mucosa integrity hence the impact on hepatic steatosis and pathway involved. METHODS Nineteen male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal diet group (ND), high-fat diet group (HFD), HFD + α-NETA group (NETA), HFD + PD98059 group (PD) and HFD + α-NETA + PD98059 group (NETA + PD). Mice were fed either with a chow diet or HFD for 12 weeks. At 12th week, mice of ND were put on the diet as before; mice of NETA received daily treatments of α-NETA (30 mg/kg) via gavage; mice of PD received daily treatment of PD98059 via tail vein injection; mice of NETA + PD received daily treatment of α-NETA + PD98059, all for another 4 weeks. At the time intervention ended, mice were sacrificed. The body weight, the liver pathologies were assessed. Ileal CMKLR1 mRNA was evaluated by rtPCR; ZO-1, ERK1/2 protein expression of ileal tissues by western blotting; liver TNF-α and serum endotoxin by Elisa. RESULTS More weight gains in mice of HFD than ND (37.90 ± 3.00 g) vs (24.47 ± 0.50 g), P = 0.002; α-NETA reduced the body weight (33.22 ± 1.90 g) vs (37.90 ± 3.00 g), P = 0.033; and further reduced by NETA + PD98059: (31.20 ± 1.74 g) vs (37.30 ± 4.05 g), P = 0.032. CMKLR1 mRNA expression was up-regulated in ileum in group HFD compared with ND and down-regulated by α-NETA. Steatosis was only alleviated in group PD + NETA with less weight gain. No impact of α-NETA on ileal ZO-1 or pERK with western blotting, and no endotoxin level changes were detected. TNF-α was higher in group HFD than in group ND, while no significant difference between other groups. CONCLUSIONS CMKLR1 mRNA was up-regulated in the ileum of obese mice and down-regulated by α-NETA along with a body weight control collaborating with ERK inhibitor PD98059. Steatosis was alleviated in a weight dependent way. α-NETA has no influence on intestinal mucosal integrity and no impact on steatohepatitis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canbin Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongping Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shantou Central Hospital, 114 Waima Road, Shantou, 515031, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianyang Zhong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shantou Central Hospital, 114 Waima Road, Shantou, 515031, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihui Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Shaikh SR, Virk R, Van Dyke TE. Potential Mechanisms by Which Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic Acids Regulate Glucose Homeostasis in Obesity. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2316-2328. [PMID: 35709423 PMCID: PMC9776734 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose metabolism in response to diet-induced obesity contributes toward numerous complications, such as insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective strategies to improve glucose homeostasis. In this review, we first discuss emerging evidence from epidemiological studies and rodent experiments that increased consumption of EPA (either as oily fish, or dietary/pharmacological supplements) may have a role in preventing impairments in insulin and glucose homeostasis. We then review the current evidence on how EPA-derived metabolites known as hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids (HEPEs) may be a major mode of action by which EPA exerts its beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Notably, cell culture and rodent studies show that HEPEs prevent fat accumulation in metabolic tissues through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-mediated mechanisms. In addition, activation of the resolvin E1 pathway, either by administration of EPA in the diet or via intraperitoneal administration of resolvin E1, improves hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and liver steatosis through multiple mechanisms. These mechanisms include shifting immune cell phenotypes toward resolution of inflammation and preventing dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Finally, we present the next steps for this line of research that will drive future precision randomized clinical trials with EPA and its downstream metabolites. These include dissecting the variables that drive heterogeneity in the response to EPA, such as the baseline microbiome profile and fatty acid status, circadian rhythm, genetic variation, sex, and age. In addition, there is a critical need to further investigate mechanisms of action for HEPEs and to establish the concentration of HEPEs in differing tissues, particularly in response to consumption of oily fish and EPA-enriched supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School
of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rafia Virk
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School
of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth
Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of
Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Osborn LJ, Schultz K, Massey W, DeLucia B, Choucair I, Varadharajan V, Banerjee R, Fung K, Horak AJ, Orabi D, Nemet I, Nagy LE, Wang Z, Allende DS, Willard BB, Sangwan N, Hajjar AM, McDonald C, Ahern PP, Hazen SL, Brown JM, Claesen J. A gut microbial metabolite of dietary polyphenols reverses obesity-driven hepatic steatosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202934119. [PMID: 36417437 PMCID: PMC9860326 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202934119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which dietary fruits and vegetables confer cardiometabolic benefits remain poorly understood. Historically, these beneficial properties have been attributed to the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. Here, we reveal that the host metabolic benefits associated with flavonoid consumption hinge, in part, on gut microbial metabolism. Specifically, we show that a single gut microbial flavonoid catabolite, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA), is sufficient to reduce diet-induced cardiometabolic disease (CMD) burden in mice. The addition of flavonoids to a high fat diet heightened the levels of 4-HPAA within the portal plasma and attenuated obesity, and continuous delivery of 4-HPAA was sufficient to reverse hepatic steatosis. The antisteatotic effect was shown to be associated with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). In a large survey of healthy human gut metagenomes, just over one percent contained homologs of all four characterized bacterial genes required to catabolize flavonols into 4-HPAA. Our results demonstrate the gut microbial contribution to the metabolic benefits associated with flavonoid consumption and underscore the rarity of this process in human gut microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Karlee Schultz
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- College of Arts and Sciences, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH44118
| | - William Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Beckey DeLucia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Ibrahim Choucair
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Anthony J. Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Ina Nemet
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Daniela S. Allende
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Belinda B. Willard
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Adeline M. Hajjar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Philip P. Ahern
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular, and Thoracic Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Jan Claesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
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Lin H, Guo X, Liu J, Liu P, Mei G, Li H, Li D, Chen H, Chen L, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Yu Y, Liu W, Yao P. Improving Lipophagy by Restoring Rab7 Cycle: Protective Effects of Quercetin on Ethanol-Induced Liver Steatosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030658. [PMID: 35277017 PMCID: PMC8915175 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption retards lipophagy, which contributes to the pathogenesis of liver steatosis. Lipophagy-related Rab7 has been presumed as a crucial regulator in the progression of alcohol liver disease despite elusive mechanisms. More importantly, whether or not hepatoprotective quercetin targets Rab7-associated lipophagy disorder is unknown. Herein, alcoholic fatty liver induced by chronic-plus-single-binge ethanol feeding to male C57BL/6J mice was manifested by hampering autophagosomes formation with lipid droplets and fusion with lysosomes compared with the normal control, which was normalized partially by quercetin. The GST-RILP pulldown assay of Rab7 indicated an improved GTP-Rab7 as the quercetin treatment for ethanol-feeding mice. HepG2 cells transfected with CYP2E1 showed similar lipophagy dysfunction when exposed to ethanol, which was blocked when cells were transfected with siRNA-Rab7 in advance. Ethanol-induced steatosis and autophagic flux disruption were aggravated by the Rab7-specific inhibitor CID1067700 while alleviated by transfecting with the Rab7Wt plasmid, which was visualized by immunofluorescence co-localization analysis and mCherry-GFP-LC3 transfection. Furthermore, TBC1D5, a Rab GTPase-activating protein for the subsequent normal circulation of Rab7, was downregulated after alcohol administration but regained by quercetin. Rab7 circulation retarded by ethanol and corrected by quercetin was further revealed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Altogether, quercetin attenuates hepatic steatosis by normalizing ethanol-imposed Rab7 turnover disorders and subsequent lipophagy disturbances, highlighting a novel mechanism and the promising prospect of quercetin-like phytochemicals against the crucial first hit from alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Peiyi Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Guibin Mei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Department of inspection and certification, China Certification and Inspection Group Hubei Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The Second People’s Hospital of Fuyang, Fuyang 236015, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (P.Y.); Tel.: +86-13855882102 (W.L.); +86-18986282296 (P.Y.)
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (J.L.); (P.L.); (G.M.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (H.C.); (L.C.); (Y.Z.); (C.J.)
- Ministry of Education Lab. of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (P.Y.); Tel.: +86-13855882102 (W.L.); +86-18986282296 (P.Y.)
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Chang TY, Wu CH, Chang CY, Lee FJ, Wang BW, Doong JY, Lin YS, Kuo CS, Huang RFS. Optimal Dietary Intake Composition of Choline and Betaine Is Associated with Minimized Visceral Obesity-Related Hepatic Steatosis in a Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:261. [PMID: 35057441 PMCID: PMC8779168 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies on humans have comprehensively evaluated the intake composition of methyl-donor nutrients (MDNs: choline, betaine, and folate) in relation to visceral obesity (VOB)-related hepatic steatosis (HS), the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. In this case-control study, we recruited 105 patients with HS and 104 without HS (controls). HS was diagnosed through ultrasound examination. VOB was measured using a whole-body analyzer. MDN intake was assessed using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire. After adjustment for multiple HS risk factors, total choline intake was the most significant dietary determinant of HS in patients with VOB (Beta: -0.41, p = 0.01). Low intake of choline (<6.9 mg/kg body weight), betaine (<3.1 mg/kg body weight), and folate (<8.8 μg/kg body weight) predicted increased odds ratios (ORs) of VOB-related HS (choline: OR: 22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.5-80; betaine: OR: 14, 95% CI: 4.4-50; and folate: OR: 19, 95% CI: 5.2-74). Combined high intake of choline and betaine, but not folate, was associated with an 81% reduction in VOB-related HS (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.69). Our data suggest that the optimal intake of choline and betaine can minimize the risk of VOB-related HS in a threshold-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.D.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Chien-Hsien Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yang Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243089, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (F.-J.L.)
| | - Fu-Jen Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243089, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (F.-J.L.)
| | - Bei-Wen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243089, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Yau Doong
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.D.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Yu-Shun Lin
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.D.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Chang-Sheng Kuo
- Department of Nutrition, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243089, Taiwan;
| | - Rwei-Fen S. Huang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (J.-Y.D.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
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Lampignano L, Donghia R, Sila A, Bortone I, Tatoli R, De Nucci S, Castellana F, Zupo R, Tirelli S, Giannoccaro V, Guerra V, Panza F, Lozupone M, Mastronardi M, De Pergola G, Giannelli G, Sardone R. Mediterranean Diet and Fatty Liver Risk in a Population of Overweight Older Italians: A Propensity Score-Matched Case-Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020258. [PMID: 35057439 PMCID: PMC8779579 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis, often known as fatty liver, is the most common hepatic disease in Western countries. The latest guidelines for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease emphasize lifestyle measures, such as changing unhealthy eating patterns. Using a propensity score-matching approach, this study investigated the effect of adhering to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on fatty liver risk in an older population (≥65 years) from Southern Italy. We recruited 1.403 subjects (53.6% men, ≥65 years) who completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and underwent clinical assessment between 2015 and 2018. For the assessment of the liver fat content, we applied the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). To evaluate the treatment effect of the MedDiet, propensity score matching was performed on patients with and without FLI > 60. After propensity score-matching with the MedDiet pattern as treatment, we found a higher consumption of red meat (p = 0.04) and wine (p = 0.04) in subjects with FLI > 60. Based on the FLI, the inverse association shown between adherence to the MedDiet and the risk of hepatic steatosis shows that the MedDiet can help to prevent hepatic steatosis. Consuming less red and processed meat, as well as alcoholic beverages, may be part of these healthy lifestyle recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lampignano
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Rossella Donghia
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Annamaria Sila
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Ilaria Bortone
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Rossella Tatoli
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Sara De Nucci
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Roberta Zupo
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Sarah Tirelli
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | | | - Vito Guerra
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Francesco Panza
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 11, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 11, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Mauro Mastronardi
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “Saverio De Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “Saverio De Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy; (L.L.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (I.B.); (R.T.); (S.D.N.); (F.C.); (R.Z.); (S.T.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Rader DJ, Maratos-Flier E, Nguyen A, Hom D, Ferriere M, Li Y, Kompa J, Martic M, Hinder M, Basson CT, Yowe D, Diener J, Goldfine AB. LLF580, an FGF21 Analog, Reduces Triglycerides and Hepatic Fat in Obese Adults With Modest Hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e57-e70. [PMID: 34431493 PMCID: PMC8914500 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and potential efficacy of LLF580, a genetically engineered variant of human fibroblast growth factor-21, for triglyceride lowering, weight loss, and hepatic fat reduction. METHODS A multicenter, double-blind, parallel design trial in obese, mildly hypertriglyceridemic adults randomized (1:1) to LLF580 300 mg or placebo subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 3 doses. RESULTS Of 64 randomized study participants, 61 (mean ± SD: age 45 ± 11 years, 49% male, 80/15/5% Caucasian/African American/other, body mass index 36.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2) received LLF580 (n = 30) or placebo (n = 31) at 7 research sites in the United States. LLF580 lowered serum triglycerides by 54% (least square mean placebo adjusted change from baseline), total cholesterol 7%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 12%, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 36% compared with placebo (all P < 0.001) over 12 weeks. Substantial reduction of liver fat of 52% over placebo (P < 0.001) was also demonstrated in the setting of improved liver function tests including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, the composite enhanced liver fibrosis score, and N-terminal type III collagen propeptide (all P < 0.05). Insulin and C-peptide levels and insulin resistance by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were all lower, and adiponectin higher with LLF580 treatment compared with placebo, whereas fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin were unchanged. Reductions in biomarkers of bone formation without differences in markers of bone resorption were observed. LLF580 was generally safe and well tolerated, except for higher incidence of generally mild to moderate gastrointestinal adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS In obese, mildly hypertriglyceridemic adults, LLF580 was generally safe and demonstrated beneficial effects on serum lipids, liver fat, and biomarkers of liver injury, suggesting it may be effective for treatment of select metabolic disorders including hypertriglyceridemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Assessments of longer term safety and efficacy are warranted. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03466203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rader
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Nguyen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - Doug Hom
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ferriere
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yifang Li
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jill Kompa
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Markus Hinder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - Craig T Basson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Yowe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Diener
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - Allison B Goldfine
- Correspondence: Allison B. Goldfine, MD, Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, 220 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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23
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Tsagkaraki E, Nicoloro SM, DeSouza T, Solivan-Rivera J, Desai A, Lifshitz LM, Shen Y, Kelly M, Guilherme A, Henriques F, Amrani N, Ibraheim R, Rodriguez TC, Luk K, Maitland S, Friedline RH, Tauer L, Hu X, Kim JK, Wolfe SA, Sontheimer EJ, Corvera S, Czech MP. CRISPR-enhanced human adipocyte browning as cell therapy for metabolic disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6931. [PMID: 34836963 PMCID: PMC8626495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with disturbances in insulin-regulated glucose and lipid fluxes and severe comorbidities including cardiovascular disease and steatohepatitis. Whole body metabolism is regulated by lipid-storing white adipocytes as well as "brown" and "brite/beige" adipocytes that express thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and secrete factors favorable to metabolic health. Implantation of brown fat into obese mice improves glucose tolerance, but translation to humans has been stymied by low abundance of primary human beige adipocytes. Here we apply methods to greatly expand human adipocyte progenitors from small samples of human subcutaneous adipose tissue and then disrupt the thermogenic suppressor gene NRIP1 by CRISPR. Ribonucleoprotein consisting of Cas9 and sgRNA delivered ex vivo are fully degraded by the human cells following high efficiency NRIP1 depletion without detectable off-target editing. Implantation of such CRISPR-enhanced human or mouse brown-like adipocytes into high fat diet fed mice decreases adiposity and liver triglycerides while enhancing glucose tolerance compared to implantation with unmodified adipocytes. These findings advance a therapeutic strategy to improve metabolic homeostasis through CRISPR-based genetic enhancement of human adipocytes without exposing the recipient to immunogenic Cas9 or delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Tsagkaraki
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Crete, 71003, Greece
| | - Sarah M Nicoloro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Tiffany DeSouza
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Javier Solivan-Rivera
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Anand Desai
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Lawrence M Lifshitz
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nadia Amrani
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Crete, 71003, Greece
| | - Raed Ibraheim
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Tomas C Rodriguez
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kevin Luk
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Stacy Maitland
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Randall H Friedline
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Lauren Tauer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Scot A Wolfe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Erik J Sontheimer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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24
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Ribas-Aulinas F, Parra-Vargas M, Ramon-Krauel M, Diaz R, Lerin C, Cambras T, Jimenez-Chillaron JC. Time-Restricted Feeding during Puberty Ameliorates Adiposity and Prevents Hepatic Steatosis in a Mouse Model of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:3579. [PMID: 34684586 PMCID: PMC8538558 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time restricted feeding (TRF) refers to dietary interventions in which food access is limited during a specific timeframe of the day. TRFs have proven useful in improving metabolic health in adult subjects with obesity. Their beneficial effects are mediated, in part, through modulating the circadian rhythm. Nevertheless, the translation of these dietary interventions onto obese/overweight children and adolescents remains uncharacterized. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of temporal dietary interventions for improving metabolic health in the context of childhood obesity. METHODS We have previously developed a mouse model of early adiposity (i.e., childhood obesity) through litter size reduction. Mice raised in small litters (SL) became obese as early as by two weeks of age, and as adults, they developed several obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. Here, we explored whether two independent short-term chrono-nutritional interventions might improve metabolic health in 1-month-old pre-pubertal SL mice. Both TRFs comprised 8 h feeding/14 h fasting. In the first one (TRF1) Control and SL mice had access to the diet for 8 h during the dark phase. In the second intervention (TRF2) food was available during the light:dark transitions. RESULTS TRF1 did not alter food intake nor ameliorate adiposity in SL-TRF1. In contrast, SL-TRF2 mice showed unintentional reduction of caloric intake, which was accompanied by reduced total body weight and adiposity. Strikingly, hepatic triglyceride content was completely normalized in SL-TRF1 and SL-TRF2 mice, when compared to the ad lib-fed SL mice. These effects were partially mediated by (i) clock-dependent signals, which might modulate the expression of Pparg or Cpt1a, and (ii) clock-independent signals, such as fasting itself, which could influence Fasn expression. CONCLUSIONS Time-restricted feeding is an effective and feasible nutritional intervention to improve metabolic health, namely hepatic steatosis, in a model of childhood obesity. These data open new avenues for future safe and efficient chrono-nutritional interventions aimed to improve metabolic health in children with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Ribas-Aulinas
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Marcela Parra-Vargas
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Marta Ramon-Krauel
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Diaz
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Lerin
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep C. Jimenez-Chillaron
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (F.R.-A.); (M.P.-V.); (M.R.-K.); (R.D.); (C.L.)
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25
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Zuo Q, Chen KL, Arredondo Eve A, Liu YJ, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA, Madak-Erdogan Z. Pathway Preferential Estrogens Prevent Hepatosteatosis Due to Ovariectomy and High-Fat Diets. Nutrients 2021; 13:3334. [PMID: 34684335 PMCID: PMC8540756 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
About 20-30% of premenopausal women have metabolic syndrome, and the number is almost double in postmenopausal women, and these women have an increased risk of hepatosteatosis. Postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome are often treated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), but estrogens in currently available HRTs increase the risk of breast and endometrial cancers and Cardiovascular Disease. Therefore, there is a critical need to find safer alternatives to HRT to improve postmenopausal metabolic health. Pathway preferential estrogen 1 (PaPE-1) is a novel estrogen receptor ligand that has been shown to favorably affect metabolic tissues without adverse effects on reproductive tissues. In this study, we have examined the effects of PaPE-1 on metabolic health, in particular, examining its effects on the liver transcriptome and on plasma metabolites in two different mouse models: diet-induced obesity (DIO) and leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice. PaPE-1 significantly decreased liver weight and lipid accumulation in both DIO and ob/ob models and lowered the expression of genes associated with fatty acid metabolism and collagen deposition. In addition, PaPE-1 significantly increased the expression of mitochondrial genes, particularly ones associated with the electron transport chain, suggesting an increase in energy expenditure. Integrated pathway analysis using transcriptomics and metabolomics data showed that PaPE-1 treatment lowered inflammation, collagen deposition, and pathways regulating fatty acid metabolism and increased metabolites associated with glutathione metabolism. Overall, our findings support a beneficial metabolic role for PaPE-1 and suggest that PaPE-1 may protect postmenopausal women from fatty liver disease without increasing reproductive cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Zuo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (Q.Z.); (A.A.E.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Karen L. Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Alicia Arredondo Eve
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (Q.Z.); (A.A.E.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Yu-Jeh Liu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (Q.Z.); (A.A.E.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.H.K.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Benita S. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John A. Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.H.K.); (J.A.K.)
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (Q.Z.); (A.A.E.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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26
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Yu F, Wang Z, Zhang T, Chen X, Xu H, Wang F, Guo L, Chen M, Liu K, Wu B. Deficiency of intestinal Bmal1 prevents obesity induced by high-fat feeding. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5323. [PMID: 34493722 PMCID: PMC8423749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of intestine clock in energy homeostasis remains elusive. Here we show that mice with Bmal1 specifically deleted in the intestine (Bmal1iKO mice) have a normal phenotype on a chow diet. However, on a high-fat diet (HFD), Bmal1iKO mice are protected against development of obesity and related abnormalities such as hyperlipidemia and fatty livers. These metabolic phenotypes are attributed to impaired lipid resynthesis in the intestine and reduced fat secretion. Consistently, wild-type mice fed a HFD during nighttime (with a lower BMAL1 expression) show alleviated obesity compared to mice fed ad libitum. Mechanistic studies uncover that BMAL1 transactivates the Dgat2 gene (encoding the triacylglycerol synthesis enzyme DGAT2) via direct binding to an E-box in the promoter, thereby promoting dietary fat absorption. Supporting these findings, intestinal deficiency of Rev-erbα, a known BMAL1 repressor, enhances dietary fat absorption and exacerbates HFD-induced obesity and comorbidities. Moreover, small-molecule targeting of REV-ERBα/BMAL1 by SR9009 ameliorates HFD-induced obesity in mice. Altogether, intestine clock functions as an accelerator in dietary fat absorption and targeting intestinal BMAL1 may be a promising approach for management of metabolic diseases induced by excess fat intake.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- Animals
- Circadian Rhythm/genetics
- Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase/genetics
- Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Fats/administration & dosage
- Dietary Fats/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/etiology
- Fatty Liver/genetics
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/prevention & control
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeostasis/drug effects
- Homeostasis/genetics
- Hyperlipidemias/etiology
- Hyperlipidemias/genetics
- Hyperlipidemias/metabolism
- Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/prevention & control
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Triglycerides/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Yu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiman Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaisheng Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Misiakiewicz-Has K, Maciejewska-Markiewicz D, Rzeszotek S, Pilutin A, Kolasa A, Szumilas P, Stachowska E, Wiszniewska B. The Obscure Effect of Tribulus terrestris Saponins Plus Inulin on Liver Morphology, Liver Fatty Acids, Plasma Glucose, and Lipid Profile in SD Rats with and without Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168680. [PMID: 34445384 PMCID: PMC8395419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There are data suggesting that Tribulus terrestris (TT) saponins act as antidiabetic agents and protect against NAFLD. The effect of saponins may be increased by fermentable fibers such as inulin. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of TT saponins and TT saponins plus inulin on the plasma lipid profile and liver fatty acids of rats with induced diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). The study was performed on 36 male Sprague–Dawley rats divided into two main groups: control and diabetic. Animals of the diabetic (DM) group were fed a high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin (low doses). Animals of the control group (nDM) were on a regular diet and were injected with buffer. After the injections, the animals were split into subgroups: three non-diabetic (nDM): (i) control (c-C); (ii) saponin-treated rats (C-Sap); (iii) rats treated with saponins + inulin (C-Sap + IN), and three diabetic subgroups (DM): (iv) control (c-DM); (v) saponin-treated rats (DM-Sap); (vi) rats treated with saponins + inulin (DM-Sap + IN). Liver fatty acids were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography, and plasma glucose and lipids were measured. The study showed significant changes in liver morphology, liver fatty acids, plasma lipid profile, and plasma glucose. In summary, supplementation with TT saponins or saponins with inulin for one month decreased the level of steatosis in rats with induced type 2 diabetes. Moreover, there were favorable effects on the plasma lipid profile in the rats. However, additional supplementation with inulin had a negative effect on liver morphology (with a microvesicular type of steatosis) in the non-diabetes group. Moreover, supplementation with inulin had a negative effect on plasma glucose in both diabetic and non-diabetic rats. These data show that a diet enriched with fermentable fibers reveals different effects in different organisms, and not all sources and forms of fiber are beneficial to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Misiakiewicz-Has
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.R.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (D.M.-M.); (E.S.)
| | - Sylwia Rzeszotek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.R.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Anna Pilutin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.R.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.R.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (B.W.)
| | - Paweł Szumilas
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 48 Żołnierska Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (D.M.-M.); (E.S.)
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.R.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (B.W.)
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Fuller KNZ, McCoin CS, Von Schulze AT, Houchen CJ, Choi MA, Thyfault JP. Estradiol treatment or modest exercise improves hepatic health and mitochondrial outcomes in female mice following ovariectomy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1020-E1031. [PMID: 33870713 PMCID: PMC8285602 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00013.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that compared with males, female mice have increased hepatic mitochondrial respiratory capacity and are protected against high-fat diet-induced steatosis. Here, we sought to determine the role of estrogen in hepatic mitochondrial function, steatosis, and bile acid metabolism in female mice and investigate potential benefits of exercise in the absence or presence of estrogen via ovariectomy (OVX). Female C57BL mice (n = 6 per group) were randomly assigned to sham surgery (sham), ovariectomy (OVX), or OVX plus estradiol replacement therapy (OVX + Est). Half of the mice in each treatment group were sedentary (SED) or had access to voluntary wheel running (VWR). All mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and were housed at thermoneutral temperatures. We assessed isolated hepatic mitochondrial respiratory capacity using the Oroboros O2k with both pyruvate and palmitoylcarnitine as substrates. As expected, OVX mice presented with greater hepatic steatosis, weight gain, and fat mass gain compared with sham and OVX + Est animals. Hepatic mitochondrial coupling (basal/state 3 respiration) with pyruvate was impaired following OVX, but both VWR and estradiol treatment rescued coupling to levels greater than or equal to sham animals. Estradiol and exercise also had different effects on liver electron transport chain protein expression depending on OVX status. Markers of bile acid metabolism and excretion were also impaired by ovariectomy but rescued with estradiol add-back. Together our data suggest that estrogen depletion impairs hepatic mitochondrial function and liver health, and that estradiol replacement and modest exercise can aid in rescuing this phenotype.NEW & NOTEWORTHY OVX induces hepatic steatosis in sedentary mice which can be prevented by modest physical activity (VWR) and/or estradiol treatment. Estrogen impacts hepatic mitochondrial coupling in a substrate-specific manner. OVX mice have impaired fecal bile acid excretion, which was rescued with estradiol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Z Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Alex T Von Schulze
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Claire J Houchen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Michael A Choi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
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Whitson RH, Li SL, Zhang G, Larson GP, Itakura K. Mice with Fabp4-Cre ablation of Arid5b are resistant to diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111246. [PMID: 33757861 PMCID: PMC8956154 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mice with global deletion of Arid5b expression are lean and resistant to diet-induced obesity, and Arid5b is required for adipogenesis in a variety of in vitro models. To determine whether the lean phenotype of Arid5b-/- mice can be explained by its absence in adipose tissues, we generated mice with Fabp4-mediated ablation of Arid5b. Arid5b expression was ablated in adipocytes, from Fabp4-CREpos; Arid5bFLOX/FLOX (FSKO) mice. FSKO mice were not lean when maintained on standard chow, but males were resistant to weight gains when placed on high-fat diets (HFD). This was mainly due to decreased lipid accumulation in subcutaneous (inguinal) white adipose tissue (IWAT), and the liver. Lipid accumulation proceeded normally in gonadal WAT (GWAT) and glucose intolerance developed to the same degree in FSKO and WT controls when subjected to HFD. CD68-positive macrophages were also significantly reduced in both inguinal and gonadal fat depots. RNA-Seq analysis of IWAT adipocytes from FSKO mice on HFD revealed significant decreases in the expression of genes associated with inflammation. Although Arid5b expression was normal in livers of FSKO mice, tissue weight gains and triglyceride accumulation, and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism were markedly reduced in livers of FSKO mice on HFD. These results suggest that Arid5b plays a critical role in lipid accumulation in specific WAT depots, and in the inflammatory signaling from WAT depots to liver that lead to lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Whitson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Shu-Lian Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Garrett P Larson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Keiichi Itakura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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Alshammari GM, Al-Qahtani WH, AlFaris NA, Alzahrani NS, Alkhateeb MA, Yahya MA. Quercetin prevents cadmium chloride-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis by downregulating the transcription of miR-21. Biofactors 2021; 47:489-505. [PMID: 33733575 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated if cadmium chloride (CdCl2 )-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and the protective effect of quercetin (QUR) are mediated modulating the activity of miR-21, a known hepatic lipogenic and fibrotic miRNA. Male rats (n = 8/group) were divided as control, control + QUR (50 mg/kg; orally), CdCl2 (10 moml/L; drinking water), CdCl2 + miR-21 antagomir (inhibitor) (16 mg/kg/first 3 days), and CdCl2 + QUR (50 mg/kg). Treatments were conducted for 20 weeks, daily. All treatments showed no effect on fasting glucose and insulin levels. Administration of either miR-21 or QUR prevented CdCl2 -induced hepatic damage, as well as lipid droplets and collagen deposition. They also reduced serum levels of ALT and AST and decreased serum and hepatic levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins in CdCl2 -treated rats. Concomitantly, they reduced hepatic levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, suppressed the activation of NF-kb P65, and increased hepatic levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These effects were associated with reduced expression of SREBP1, TGF-β1, Smad3, and collagen1 A and increased expression of PPARα, CPT1, and smad7. Interestingly, QUR significantly lowered levels of miR-21 and increased the protein levels and activity of Nrf2, as well as levels of GSH and SOD in the livers of both the control and CdCl2 -treated rats. Of note, levels of Nrf2 were negatively correlated with the transcription of miR-21. In conclusion: QUR prevents CdCl2 -induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis mainly through attenuating its ability to upregulate miR-21, at least, by upregulation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wahidah H Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiah S Alzahrani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shin Y, Lee M, Lee D, Jang J, Shin SS, Yoon M. Fenofibrate Regulates Visceral Obesity and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Obese Female Ovariectomized C57BL/6J Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3675. [PMID: 33916086 PMCID: PMC8038108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrates, including fenofibrate, are a class of hypolipidemic drugs that activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), which in-turn regulates the expression of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism genes. We investigated whether fenofibrate can reduce visceral obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via adipose tissue PPARα activation in female ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), a mouse model of obese postmenopausal women. Fenofibrate reduced body weight gain (-38%, p < 0.05), visceral adipose tissue mass (-46%, p < 0.05), and visceral adipocyte size (-20%, p < 0.05) in HFD-fed obese OVX mice. In addition, plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as free fatty acids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, were decreased. Fenofibrate also inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation (-69%, p < 0.05) and infiltration of macrophages (-72%, p < 0.05), while concomitantly upregulating the expression of fatty acid β-oxidation genes targeted by PPARα and decreasing macrophage infiltration and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in visceral adipose tissue. These results suggest that fenofibrate inhibits visceral obesity, as well as hepatic steatosis and inflammation, in part through visceral adipose tissue PPARα activation in obese female OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Mijeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Dongju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Joonseong Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.)
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Chen JW, Lin YL, Samuel Wu YH, Wang SY, Chou CH, Chen YC. Ameliorative effects of functional crude-chalaza hydrolysates on the hepatosteatosis development induced by a high-fat diet. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101009. [PMID: 33647717 PMCID: PMC7921881 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 400 metric tons of egg chalazae, a byproduct in the liquid-egg processing plant, are produced yearly but always regarded as a waste in Taiwan. Our team successfully developed a crude egg chalaza hydrolysate by protease-A digestion (CCH-A). Free branched-chain amino acids, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, and β-alanine, and anserine were assayed in the CCH-A used in this study. Besides, the in vitro bile-acid binding ability and inhibitory lipase activity of CCH-As were demonstrated. Then, high-fat diet feeding for 10 wk caused hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and hepatosteatosis in hamsters (P < 0.05). However, CCH-A co-treatment decreased serum/liver triglyceride levels and lipid accumulation in livers by increasing daily fecal lipid/bile-acid outputs, upregulating fatty-acid β oxidation, and downregulating fatty-acid biosynthesis in livers (P < 0.05). CCH-A co-treatment also amended insulin resistance, augmented hepatic antioxidant capacity, and decreased liver damages and inflammatory responses (P < 0.05). Taken together, our results do not only demonstrate the hepatoprotective effects of CCH-As against a chronic high-fat dietary habit, achieving effects similar to Simvastatin, but also decrease the environmental burden of handling chalazae in the liquid-egg industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Wei Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; Poultry Industry Section, Department of Animal Industry, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsieng Samuel Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yao Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan; Zoonoses Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
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de Zegher F, Díaz M, Villarroya J, Cairó M, López-Bermejo A, Villarroya F, Ibáñez L. The relative deficit of GDF15 in adolescent girls with PCOS can be changed into an abundance that reduces liver fat. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7018. [PMID: 33782413 PMCID: PMC8007831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A prime concern of young patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the control of body adiposity, given their tendency to gain weight and/or their difficulty to lose weight. Circulating growth-and-differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) facilitates the control of body weight via receptors in the brainstem. C-reactive protein (CRP) and insulin are endogenous GDF15 secretagogues. We hypothesised that PCOS in non-obese adolescents is characterised by low concentrations of circulating GDF15, when judged by the degree of CRP and insulin drive. GDF15 was added as a post-hoc endpoint of two previously reported, randomised studies in non-obese adolescent girls with PCOS (N = 58; 60% normal weight; 40% overweight) who received either an oral oestroprogestogen contraceptive (OC), or a low-dose combination of spironolactone-pioglitazone-metformin (SPIOMET) for 1 year; subsequently, all girls remained untreated for 1 year. Adolescent girls with regular menses (N = 20) served as healthy controls. Circulating GDF15, CRP and fasting insulin were assessed prior to treatment, and halfway the on- and post-treatment years. Pre-treatment, the absolute GDF15 concentrations were normal in PCOS girls, but their relative levels were markedly low, in view of the augmented CRP and insulin drives. OC treatment was accompanied by a near-doubling of circulating GDF15 (on average, from 296 to 507 pg/mL) and CRP, so that the relative GDF15 levels remained low. SPIOMET treatment was accompanied by a 3.4-fold rise of circulating GDF15 (on average, from 308 to 1045 pg/mL) and by a concomitant lowering of CRP and insulin concentrations towards normal, so that the relative GDF15 levels became markedly abundant. Post-OC, the relatively low GDF15 levels persisted; post-SPIOMET, the circulating concentrations of GDF15, CRP and insulin were all normal. BMI remained stable in both treatment groups. Only SPIOMET was accompanied by a reduction of hepato-visceral fat (by MRI) towards normal. In conclusion, early PCOS was found to be characterised by a relative GDF15 deficit that may partly explain the difficulties that young patients experience to control their body adiposity. This relative GDF15 deficit persisted during and after OC treatment. In contrast, SPIOMET treatment was accompanied by an absolute and a relative abundance of GDF15, and followed by normal GDF15, CRP and insulin concentrations. The present findings strengthen the rationale to raise the concentrations of circulating GDF15 in early PCOS, for example with a SPIOMET-like intervention that attenuates low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and ectopic adiposity, without necessarily lowering body weight.Clinical trial registries: ISRCTN29234515 and ISRCTN11062950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta Díaz
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtric, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cairó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007, Girona, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Pediàtric, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhao X, Gong L, Wang C, Liu M, Hu N, Dai X, Peng C, Li Y. Quercetin mitigates ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis in zebrafish via P2X7R-mediated PI3K/ Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 268:113569. [PMID: 33186701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ethnopharmacological relevanceQuercetin is the active component of the higher content in PCP, which exerts various biological activities such as anti-obesity effect, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). AIM OF THE STUDY P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays an important role in health and disease, which can be activated by extracellular ATP to induce a variety of downstream events, including lipid metabolism, inflammatory molecule release, oxidative stress. However, whether the mechanism of quercetin on ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis via P2X7R-mediated haven't been elucidated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Zebrafish transgenic (fabp10: EGFP) larvae were treated with 100 μM, 50 μM, 25 μM quercetin for 48 h at 3 days post fertilization (dpf), then soaked in 350 mmol/L ethanol for 32 h, treated with 1 mM ATP (P2X7R activator) for 30min. Serum lipids, liver steatosis, oxidative stress factors were respectively detected. The mRNA levels in the related pathways were measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR) to investigate the mechanisms. RESULTS Quercetin improved the liver function via decreasing ALT, AST and γ-GT level of zebrafish with acute ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis and attenuated hepatic TG, TC accumulation. Additionally, quercetin significantly reduced the MDA content and suppressed the ethanol-induced reduction of hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers GSH, CAT and SOD and significantly down-regulated the expression of P2X7R, and up-regulated the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Kelch like ECH associated protein1 (Keap1), Nuclear Factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Moreover, ATP stimulation activated P2X7R, which further mediated the mRNA expressions of PI3K, Keap1 and Nrf2. CONCLUSION Quercetin exhibited hepatoprotective capacity in zebrafish model, via regulating P2X7R-mediated PI3K/Keap1/Nrf2 oxidative stress signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China; National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China; National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China; National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meichen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China; National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Naihua Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China; National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuyang Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China; National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China; National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China; National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Tamai Y, Chen Z, Wu Y, Okabe J, Kobayashi Y, Chiba H, Hui SP, Eguchi A, Iwasa M, Ito M, Takei Y. Branched-chain amino acids and l-carnitine attenuate lipotoxic hepatocellular damage in rat cirrhotic liver. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111181. [PMID: 33395607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) reverse malnutrition and l-carnitine leads to the reduction of hyperammonemia and muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. BCAA and l-carnitine are involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism, however their mechanistic activity in cirrhotic liver is not fully understood. We aim to define the molecular mechanism(s) and combined effects of BCAA and l-carnitine using a cirrhotic rat model. Rats were administered carbon tetrachloride for 10 weeks to induce cirrhosis. During the last 6 weeks of administration, cirrhotic rats received BCAA, l-carnitine or a combination of BCAA and l-carnitine daily via gavage. We found that BCAA and l-carnitine treatments significantly improved hepatocellular function associated with reduced triglyceride level, lipid deposition and adipophilin expression, in cirrhotic liver. Lipidomic analysis revealed dynamic changes in hepatic lipid composition by BCAA and l-carnitine administrations. BCAA and l-carnitine globally increased molecular species of phosphatidylcholine. Liver triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides were significantly decreased by BCAA and l-carnitine. Furthermore, serum and liver ATP levels were significantly increased in all treatments, which were attributed to the elevation of mature cardiolipins and mitochondrial component gene expressions. Finally, BCAA and l-carnitine dramatically reduced hepatocellular death. In conclusion, BCAA and l-carnitine treatments attenuate hepatocellular damage through the reduction of lipid peroxides and the overall maintenance of mitochondrial integrity within the cirrhotic liver. These effectiveness of BCAA and l-carnitine support the therapeutic strategies in human chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Tamai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yue Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Okabe
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Diseases, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Yoshinao Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan; Center for Physical and Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan; PRETO, JST, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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McKenzie AL, Athinarayanan SJ, McCue JJ, Adams RN, Keyes M, McCarter JP, Volek JS, Phinney SD, Hallberg SJ. Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Focused on Normalization of Glycemia: A Two-Year Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:749. [PMID: 33652715 PMCID: PMC7996820 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of an alternative approach to type 2 diabetes prevention. Ninety-six patients with prediabetes (age 52 (10) years; 80% female; BMI 39.2 (7.1) kg/m2) received a continuous remote care intervention focused on reducing hyperglycemia through carbohydrate restricted nutrition therapy for two years in a single arm, prospective, longitudinal pilot study. Two-year retention was 75% (72 of 96 participants). Fifty-one percent of participants (49 of 96) met carbohydrate restriction goals as assessed by blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations for more than one-third of reported measurements. Estimated cumulative incidence of normoglycemia (HbA1c <5.7% without medication) and type 2 diabetes (HbA1c ≥6.5% or <6.5% with medication other than metformin) at two years were 52.3% and 3%, respectively. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome, class II or greater obesity, and suspected hepatic steatosis significantly decreased at two years. These results demonstrate the potential utility of an alternate approach to type 2 diabetes prevention, carbohydrate restricted nutrition therapy delivered through a continuous remote care model, for normalization of glycemia and improvement in related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L McKenzie
- Virta Health, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA; (S.J.A.); (R.N.A.); (J.S.V.); (S.D.P.); (S.J.H.)
| | | | - Jackson J McCue
- University of Washington School of Medicine Wyoming WWAMI, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
| | - Rebecca N Adams
- Virta Health, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA; (S.J.A.); (R.N.A.); (J.S.V.); (S.D.P.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Monica Keyes
- Department of Bariatric and Medical Weight Loss, Indiana University Health-Arnett, Lafayette, IN 47905, USA;
| | - James P McCarter
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
- Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc., Alameda, CA 94502, USA
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Virta Health, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA; (S.J.A.); (R.N.A.); (J.S.V.); (S.D.P.); (S.J.H.)
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stephen D Phinney
- Virta Health, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA; (S.J.A.); (R.N.A.); (J.S.V.); (S.D.P.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Sarah J Hallberg
- Virta Health, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA; (S.J.A.); (R.N.A.); (J.S.V.); (S.D.P.); (S.J.H.)
- Department of Bariatric and Medical Weight Loss, Indiana University Health-Arnett, Lafayette, IN 47905, USA;
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Kurosaka Y, Machida S, Shiroya Y, Yamauchi H, Minato K. Protective Effects of Voluntary Exercise on Hepatic Fat Accumulation Induced by Dietary Restriction in Zucker Fatty Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2014. [PMID: 33670590 PMCID: PMC7922922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight control based on dietary restriction (DR) alone can cause lipid metabolic failure and progression to fatty liver. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on preventing DR-induced hepatic fat accumulation in Zucker fatty (ZF) rats by focusing on the relationship between adipose tissue lipolysis and hepatic fat uptake. Six-week-old male ZF rats were randomly assigned to obese, DR, or DR with exercise (DR + Ex) groups. The DR and DR + Ex groups were fed a restricted diet, with the latter also undergoing voluntary exercise. After 6 weeks, hepatic fat accumulation was observed in the DR group, whereas intrahepatic fat was markedly reduced in the DR + Ex group. Compared with the obese (Ob) group, the DR group exhibited 2.09-fold expression of hepatic fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 proteins (p < 0.01) and 0.14-fold expression of hepatic fatty acid-binding protein (FABP)1 (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the DR + Ex group and the Ob group. FAT/CD36 and hepatic triglyceride (TG) expression levels were strongly positively correlated (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), whereas there was a strong negative correlation between FABP1 and hepatic TG expression levels (r = -0.65, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that hepatic fat accumulation induced by DR in ZF rats might be prevented through exercise-induced modifications in FAT/CD36 and FABP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kurosaka
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Wayo Women’s University, Chiba 272-8533, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.M.)
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Division of Physical Fitness, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 182-8570, Japan;
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan;
| | - Yoko Shiroya
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Wayo Women’s University, Chiba 272-8533, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.M.)
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Division of Physical Fitness, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 182-8570, Japan;
| | - Hideki Yamauchi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Division of Physical Fitness, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 182-8570, Japan;
| | - Kumiko Minato
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Wayo Women’s University, Chiba 272-8533, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.M.)
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Bianchi A, Marchetti L, Hall Z, Lemos H, Vacca M, Paish H, Green K, Elliott B, Tiniakos D, Passos JF, Jurk D, Mann DA, Wilson CL. Moderate Exercise Inhibits Age-Related Inflammation, Liver Steatosis, Senescence, and Tumorigenesis. J Immunol 2021; 206:904-916. [PMID: 33441438 PMCID: PMC7851741 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Age-related chronic inflammation promotes cellular senescence, chronic disease, cancer, and reduced lifespan. In this study, we wanted to explore the effects of a moderate exercise regimen on inflammatory liver disease and tumorigenesis. We used an established model of spontaneous inflammaging, steatosis, and cancer (nfkb1-/- mouse) to demonstrate whether 3 mo of moderate aerobic exercise was sufficient to suppress liver disease and cancer development. Interventional exercise when applied at a relatively late disease stage was effective at reducing tissue inflammation (liver, lung, and stomach), oxidative damage, and cellular senescence, and it reversed hepatic steatosis and prevented tumor development. Underlying these benefits were transcriptional changes in enzymes driving the conversion of tryptophan to NAD+, this leading to increased hepatic NAD+ and elevated activity of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin. Increased SIRT activity was correlated with enhanced deacetylation of key transcriptional regulators of inflammation and metabolism, NF-κB (p65), and PGC-1α. We propose that moderate exercise can effectively reprogram pre-established inflammatory and metabolic pathologies in aging with the benefit of prevention of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Bianchi
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Letizia Marchetti
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Hall
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Henrique Lemos
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Vacca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Paish
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Kile Green
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Bronte Elliott
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - João F Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Diana Jurk
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Derek A Mann
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L Wilson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom;
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Marín-Aguilar F, Castejón-Vega B, Alcocer-Gómez E, Lendines-Cordero D, Cooper MA, de la Cruz P, Andújar-Pulido E, Pérez-Alegre M, Muntané J, Pérez-Pulido AJ, Ryffel B, Robertson AAB, Ruiz-Cabello J, Bullón P, Cordero MD. NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition by MCC950 in Aged Mice Improves Health via Enhanced Autophagy and PPARα Activity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:1457-1464. [PMID: 31603987 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome has emerged as an important regulator of metabolic disorders and age-related diseases in NLRP3-deficient mice. In this article, we determine whether, in old mice C57BL6J, the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 is able to attenuate age-related metabolic syndrome to providing health benefits. We report that MCC950 attenuates metabolic and hepatic dysfunction in aged mice. In addition, MCC950 inhibited the Pi3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, enhanced autophagy, and activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in vivo and in vitro. The data suggest that MCC950 mediates the protective effects by the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition, thus activating autophagy and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 in aged mice has a significant impact on health. Thus, NLRP3 may be a therapeutic target of human age-related metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Marín-Aguilar
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Castejón-Vega
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Elísabet Alcocer-Gómez
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Patricia de la Cruz
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eloísa Andújar-Pulido
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Alegre
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J Pérez-Pulido
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, France
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian-Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Bullón
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Spain
- Cátedra de Reproducción y Genética Humana del Instituto para el Estudio de la Biología de la Reproducción Humana (INEBIR)-Universidad Europea del Atlántico (UNEATLANTICO)-Fundación Universitaria Iberoamericana (FUNIBER), Sevilla, Spain
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40
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Regmi P, Chaudhary R, Page AJ, Hutchison AT, Vincent AD, Liu B, Heilbronn L. Early or delayed time-restricted feeding prevents metabolic impact of obesity in mice. J Endocrinol 2021; 248:75-86. [PMID: 33151899 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) initiated early during the dark phase prevents the metabolic consequences of a high-fat diet in rodent models. However, the metabolic consequences of delaying the initiation of TRF, akin to breakfast skipping in humans, is unclear. We assigned 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 192) to chow or high-fat diet ad libitum (AL) for 4 weeks, before randomization to continue AL or 10 h of TRF, initiated at lights off (TRFe) or 4-h after lights off (TRFd) for a further 8 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests (1 g/kg), metabolic monitoring and body composition by echoMRI were performed, and tissues were collected at six time points. TRF reduced weight and fat mass vs AL, with a greater reduction in TRFe vs TRFd. TRF improved glucose tolerance and protected mice from high-fat diet-induced hepatosteatosis vs AL, with no difference between TRFe and TRFd. TRF increased the amplitude of Bmal1, Cry1, Per2, Nampt, and Nocturnin mRNA levels in liver. A phase delay in Bmal1, Cry1, Per2, Reverbα, Nampt, NAD, Sirt1, and Nocturnin was observed in TRFd. Thus, delaying TRF limited the weight benefit and induced a phase delay in the hepatic clock, but improved metabolic health. Allowing more flexibility in when TRF is initiated may increase the translational potential of this dietary approach in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Regmi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rajesh Chaudhary
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amy T Hutchison
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew D Vincent
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bo Liu
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leonie Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Li X, Hu X, Pan T, Dong L, Ding L, Wang Z, Song R, Wang X, Wang N, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang B. Kanglexin, a new anthraquinone compound, attenuates lipid accumulation by activating the AMPK/SREBP-2/PCSK9/LDLR signalling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110802. [PMID: 33202286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes. In the present study, we synthesized a new anthraquinone compound, 1,8-dihydroxy-3-succinic acid monoethyl ester-6-methylanthraquinone, and named it Kanglexin (KLX). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether KLX has a lipid-lowering effect and to explore the potential molecular mechanism. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks to establish a hyperlipidaemia model; then, the rats were orally administered KLX (20, 40, and 80 mg kg-1·d-1) or atorvastatin calcium (AT, 10 mg kg-1·d-1) once a day for 2 weeks. KLX had prominent effects on reducing blood lipids, hepatic lipid accumulation, body weight and the ratio of liver weight/body weight. Furthermore, KLXdramatically reduced the total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels and lipid accumulation in a HepG2 cell model of dyslipidaemia induced by 1 mmol/L oleic acid (OA). KLX may decrease lipid levels by phosphorylating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the downstream sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2)/proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)/low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) signalling pathway in the HFD rats and OA-treated HepG2 cells. The effects of KLX on the AMPK/SREBP-2/PCSK9/LDLR signalling pathway were abolished when AMPK was inhibited by compound C (a specific AMPK inhibitor) in HepG2 cells. In summary, KLX has an efficient lipid-lowering effect mediated by activation of the AMPK/SREBP-2/PCSK9/LDLR signalling pathway. Our findings may provide new insight into and evidence for the discovery of a new lipid-lowering drug for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidaemia, fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xueling Hu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Tengfei Pan
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Lili Ding
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222001, China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222001, China.
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiuzhu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine - Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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42
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Duarte-Alonso A, Cu-Cañetas TE, Avila-Nava A, Sansores-España D, Acevedo-Fernández JJ, Sandoval-Peraza M, Chel-Guerrero L, Torre-Villalvazo I. A Cecropia peltata ethanolic extract reduces insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 261:113087. [PMID: 32534116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cecropia peltata L. (CP) leaves have been used in Latin American traditional medicine by its purported hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of an ethanolic extract of CP leaves in rats fed a high-fat diet and 10% of sugar in water (HFD). METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: group 1 was fed a control diet; groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed a HFD. In addition, group 3 was co-administered with 10 mg/kg/day of CP extract (HFD + CP) and group 4 with a solution of 5 mg/kg/day metformin (HFD + M) for 90 days. RESULTS Body weight gain and serum triglycerides were significantly decreased in the HFD + CP group compared with the HFD and HFD + M groups. Glucose tolerance increased in the HFD + CP compared with the HFD group. Administration with CP extract reduced adipose tissue lipolysis and lipid accumulation in liver of HFD + CP rats with respect to HFD and HFD + M groups. Histological examinations showed that the area of the adipocytes in WAT and the area of lipid vesicles in BAT were significantly smaller in the HFD + CP group than in the HFD and HFD + M groups. CONCLUSION Administration of a CP extract prevented glucose intolerance and hepatic lipid accumulation in rats fed a HFD in association with reduced adipocyte hypertrophy, demonstrating potential antidiabetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Duarte-Alonso
- Escuela de Salud, Universidad Modelo, Carretera a Cholul 176, C.P. 97305, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | | | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de La Península de Yucatán, Calle 7, No. 433, Fracc. Altabrisa, Mérida, C.P. 97130, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Delia Sansores-España
- Escuela de Salud, Universidad Modelo, Carretera a Cholul 176, C.P. 97305, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Juan José Acevedo-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Calle Leñeros S/n, Col. Los Volcanes, Cuernavaca Mor, C.P. 62350, Mexico.
| | - Mukthar Sandoval-Peraza
- Escuela de Ciencias de La Salud. Universidad Del Valle de México, Calle 79 No 500 Col. Dzityá. Altura Km 9.5 de La Carretera a Progreso, C.P. 97302, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Luis Chel-Guerrero
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Km. 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, 97203, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de La Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Silva-Veiga FM, Miranda CS, Martins FF, Daleprane JB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Souza-Mello V. Gut-liver axis modulation in fructose-fed mice: a role for PPAR-alpha and linagliptin. J Endocrinol 2020; 247:11-24. [PMID: 32698143 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fructose dietary intake affects the composition of the intestinal microbiota and influences the development of hepatic steatosis. Endotoxins produced by gram-negative bacteria alter intestinal permeability and cause bacterial translocation. This study evaluated the effects of gut microbiota modulation by a purified PPAR-alpha agonist (WY14643), a DPP-4 inhibitor (linagliptin), or their association on intestinal barrier integrity, endotoxemia, and hepatic energy metabolism in high-fructose-fed C57BL/6 mice. Fifty mice were divided to receive the control diet (C group) or the high-fructose diet (HFRU) for 12 weeks. Subsequently, the HFRU group was divided to initiate the treatment with PPAR-alpha agonist (3.5 mg/kg/BM) and DPP-4 inhibitor (15 mg/kg/BM). The HFRU group had glucose intolerance, endotoxemia, and dysbiosis (with increased Proteobacteria) without changes in body mass in comparison with the C group. HFRU group showed damaged intestinal ultrastructure, which led to liver inflammation and marked hepatic steatosis in the HFRU group when compared to the C group. PPAR-alpha activation and DPP-4 inhibition countered glucose intolerance, endotoxemia, and dysbiosis, ameliorating the ultrastructure of the intestinal barrier and reducing Tlr4 expression in the liver of treated animals. These beneficial effects suppressed lipogenesis and mitigated hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, the results herein propose a role for PPAR-alpha activation, DPP-4 inhibition, and their association in attenuating hepatic steatosis by gut-liver axis modulation in high-fructose mice model. These observations suggest these treatments as potential targets to treat hepatic steatosis and avoid its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolline Santos Miranda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Ferreira Martins
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions between Nutrition and Genetics, LEING, Institute of Nutrition, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chung HK, Nam JS, Lee MY, Kim YB, Won YS, Song WJ, Kim YH, Ahn CW, Sung KC. The increased amount of coffee consumption lowers the incidence of fatty liver disease in Korean men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1653-1661. [PMID: 32631703 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coffee is known to have a beneficial effect on various liver diseases. The aim of this retrospective longitudinal study was to investigate an association between the amount of coffee consumption and the incidence of fatty liver disease in Korean adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from a total of 91,436 male and female subjects with the mean follow-up period of 2.8 years were analyzed. The incidence of fatty liver was not associated with the amount of coffee consumption at baseline, but it was associated with the change in the amount of coffee consumption at the follow-up period. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that hazard ratios for incidence of fatty liver disease were significantly low in "increase" group comparing with "no change" group in fully adjusted model. When a subgroup analysis by gender was conducted, similar significant results were observed in male subjects, but not in females. CONCLUSIONS The increment in the amount of coffee consumption is associated with the lower incidence of fatty liver in Korean men and suggests that increasing the coffee consumption may have a protective effect on fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Kyung Chung
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of R&D Management, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sam Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Urtasun R, Díaz-Gómez J, Araña M, Pajares MJ, Oneca M, Torre P, Jiménez M, Munilla G, Barajas M, Encío I. A Combination of Apple Vinegar Drink with Bacillus coagulans Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced Body Weight Gain, Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092504. [PMID: 32825073 PMCID: PMC7551919 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic characterized by excessive fat accumulation, associated with multiple comorbidities and complications. Emerging evidence points to gut microbiome as a driving force in the pathogenesis of obesity. Vinegar intake, a traditional remedy source of exogenous acetate, has been shown to improve glycemic control and to have anti-obesity effects. New functional foods may be developed by supplementing traditional food with probiotics. B. coagulans is a suitable choice because of its resistance to high temperatures. To analyze the possible synergic effect of Vinegar and B. coagulans against the metabolic alterations induced by a high fat diet (HFD), we fed twelve-week-old C57BL/6 mice with HFD for 5 weeks after 2 weeks of acclimation on a normal diet. Then, food intake, body weight, blood biochemical parameters, histology and liver inflammatory markers were analyzed. Although vinegar drink, either alone or supplemented with B. coagulans, reduced food intake, attenuated body weight gain and enhanced glucose tolerance, only the supplemented drink improved the lipid serum profile and prevented hepatic HFD-induced overexpression of CD36, IL-1β, IL-6, LXR and SREBP, thus reducing lipid deposition in the liver. The beneficial properties of the B. coagulans-supplemented vinegar appear to be mediated by a reduction in insulin and leptin circulating levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Urtasun
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Joana Díaz-Gómez
- Ecovinal S.L., Pol. Ind Gobella, 1, 31589 Sartaguda, Spain; (J.D.-G.); (G.M.)
| | - Miriam Araña
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (M.O.)
| | - María José Pajares
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (M.O.)
- Navarre’s Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Oneca
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Paloma Torre
- Nutrition and Bromatology area, Department of Natural Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Maddalen Jiménez
- Division of Hematological-Oncology, CIMA, University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Germán Munilla
- Ecovinal S.L., Pol. Ind Gobella, 1, 31589 Sartaguda, Spain; (J.D.-G.); (G.M.)
| | - Miguel Barajas
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (I.E.); Tel.: +34-948-169-000 (M.B. & I.E.)
| | - Ignacio Encío
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.U.); (M.A.); (M.J.P.); (M.O.)
- Navarre’s Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (I.E.); Tel.: +34-948-169-000 (M.B. & I.E.)
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Delgadillo-Puga C, Noriega LG, Morales-Romero AM, Nieto-Camacho A, Granados-Portillo O, Rodríguez-López LA, Alemán G, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Tovar AR, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Torre-Villalvazo I. Goat's Milk Intake Prevents Obesity, Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet by Reducing Inflammatory Markers and Increasing Energy Expenditure and Mitochondrial Content in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155530. [PMID: 32752280 PMCID: PMC7432599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat's milk is a rich source of bioactive compounds (peptides, conjugated linoleic acid, short chain fatty acids, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols such as phytoestrogens and minerals among others) that exert important health benefits. However, goat's milk composition depends on the type of food provided to the animal and thus, the abundance of bioactive compounds in milk depends on the dietary sources of the goat feed. The metabolic impact of goat milk rich in bioactive compounds during metabolic challenges such as a high-fat (HF) diet has not been explored. Thus, we evaluated the effect of milk from goats fed a conventional diet, a conventional diet supplemented with 30% Acacia farnesiana (AF) pods or grazing on metabolic alterations in mice fed a HF diet. Interestingly, the incorporation of goat's milk in the diet decreased body weight and body fat mass, improved glucose tolerance, prevented adipose tissue hypertrophy and hepatic steatosis in mice fed a HF diet. These effects were associated with an increase in energy expenditure, augmented oxidative fibers in skeletal muscle, and reduced inflammatory markers. Consequently, goat's milk can be considered a non-pharmacologic strategy to improve the metabolic alterations induced by a HF diet. Using the body surface area normalization method gave a conversion equivalent daily human intake dose of 1.4 to 2.8 glasses (250 mL per glass/day) of fresh goat milk for an adult of 60 kg, which can be used as reference for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Delgadillo-Puga
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.D.-P.); (I.T.-V.); Tel.: +52-55-54870900 (C.D.-P. & I.T.-V.)
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Aurora M. Morales-Romero
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Antonio Nieto-Camacho
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Leonardo A. Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Gabriela Alemán
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico;
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (L.G.N.); (O.G.-P.); (L.A.R.-L.); (G.A.); (A.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.-P.); (I.T.-V.); Tel.: +52-55-54870900 (C.D.-P. & I.T.-V.)
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Zhang Y, Song L, Dong H, Kim DS, Sun Z, Boger H, Wang Q, Wang H. Spinophilin-deficient mice are protected from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E354-E362. [PMID: 32603260 PMCID: PMC7473908 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00114.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) has been shown to reduce obesity and obesity-related complications, suggesting that factors that promote WAT browning may have applications in the development of therapeutic strategies for treating obesity. Here, we show that ablation of spinophilin (SPL), a ubiquitously expressed, multidomain scaffolding protein, increases metabolism and improves energy balance. Male and female SPL knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) littermate controls were fed a chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD). Body weight, hepatic steatosis, glucose and insulin tolerance, physical activity, and expression of browning genes in adipose tissues were measured and compared. Male SPL knockout (KO) mice fed a chow diet were significantly leaner, had lower body weights, and exhibited better glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity than wild-type (WT) littermate controls. When fed an HFD, SPL KO mice were protected from increased body fat, weight gain, hepatic steatosis, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Physical activity of SPL KO mice was markedly increased compared with WT controls. Furthermore, expression of the brown adipocyte marker, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), and the mitochondrial activity markers, cd137 and c-idea, were significantly increased in visceral WAT (vWAT) of SPL KO mice, suggesting that SPL knockout protected the mice from HFD-induced obesity and its metabolic complications, at least in part, by promoting the browning of white adipocytes in vWAT. Our data identify a critical role of SPL in regulating glucose homeostasis, obesity, and adipocyte browning. These results suggest SPL may serve as a drug target for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Song
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Huansheng Dong
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Do-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Heather Boger
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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48
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Gourronc FA, Markan KR, Kulhankova K, Zhu Z, Sheehy R, Quelle DE, Zingman LV, Kurago ZB, Ankrum JA, Klingelhutz AJ. Pdgfrα-Cre mediated knockout of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor protects mice from high-fat diet induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236741. [PMID: 32730300 PMCID: PMC7392206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists such as dioxin have been associated with obesity and the development of diabetes. Whole-body Ahr knockout mice on high-fat diet (HFD) have been shown to resist obesity and hepatic steatosis. Tissue-specific knockout of Ahr in mature adipocytes via adiponectin-Cre exacerbates obesity while knockout in liver increases steatosis without having significant effects on obesity. Our previous studies demonstrated that treatment of subcutaneous preadipocytes with exogenous or endogenous AHR agonists disrupts maturation into functional adipocytes in vitro. Here, we used platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfrα)-Cre mice, a Cre model previously established to knock out genes in preadipocyte lineages and other cell types, but not liver cells, to further define AHR's role in obesity. We demonstrate that Pdgfrα-Cre Ahr-floxed (Ahrfl/fl) knockout mice are protected from HFD-induced obesity compared to non-knockout Ahrfl/fl mice (control mice). The Pdgfrα-Cre Ahrfl/fl knockout mice were also protected from increased adiposity, enlargement of adipocyte size, and liver steatosis while on the HFD compared to control mice. On a regular control diet, knockout and non-knockout mice showed no differences in weight gain, indicating the protective phenotype arises only when animals are challenged by a HFD. At the cellular level, cultured cells from brown adipose tissue (BAT) of Pdgfrα-Cre Ahrfl/fl mice were more responsive than cells from controls to transcriptional activation of the thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) gene by norepinephrine, suggesting an ability to burn more energy under certain conditions. Collectively, our results show that knockout of Ahr mediated by Pdgfrα-Cre is protective against diet-induced obesity and suggest a mechanism by which enhanced UCP1 activity within BAT might confer these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise A. Gourronc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Kathleen R. Markan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Katarina Kulhankova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Ryan Sheehy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansas City University, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Leonid V. Zingman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Zoya B. Kurago
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - James A. Ankrum
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Aloysius J. Klingelhutz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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49
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Hou XD, Yan N, Du YM, Liang H, Zhang ZF, Yuan XL. Consumption of Wild Rice ( Zizania latifolia) Prevents Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease through the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Mice Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5375. [PMID: 32751062 PMCID: PMC7432455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) due to excess weight and obesity threatens public health worldwide. Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to obesity and related diseases. The cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of wild rice have been reported in several studies; however, whether it has beneficial effects on the gut microbiota is unknown. Here, we show that wild rice reduces body weight, liver steatosis, and low-grade inflammation, and improves insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. High-throughput 16S rRNA pyrosequencing demonstrated that wild rice treatment significantly changed the gut microbiota composition in mice fed an HFD. The richness and diversity of the gut microbiota were notably decreased upon wild rice consumption. Compared with a normal chow diet (NCD), HFD feeding altered 117 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and wild rice supplementation reversed 90 OTUs to the configuration in the NCD group. Overall, our results suggest that wild rice may be used as a probiotic agent to reverse HFD-induced MAFLD through the modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Hou
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.-D.H.); (N.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (Z.-F.Z.)
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.-D.H.); (N.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (Z.-F.Z.)
| | - Yong-Mei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.-D.H.); (N.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (Z.-F.Z.)
| | - Hui Liang
- College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266101, China;
| | - Zhong-Feng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.-D.H.); (N.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (Z.-F.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Long Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.-D.H.); (N.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (Z.-F.Z.)
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50
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Tian N, Liu Q, Li Y, Tong L, Lu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang P, Chen H, Hu L, Meng J, Feng M, Li M, Zheng L, Li B, Xu T, Wu L, Tong X. Transketolase Deficiency in Adipose Tissues Protects Mice From Diet-Induced Obesity by Promoting Lipolysis. Diabetes 2020; 69:1355-1367. [PMID: 32295803 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has recently become a prevalent health threat worldwide. Although emerging evidence has suggested a strong link between the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and obesity, the role of transketolase (TKT), an enzyme in the nonoxidative branch of the PPP that connects PPP and glycolysis, remains obscure in adipose tissues. In this study, we specifically deleted TKT in mouse adipocytes and found no obvious phenotype upon normal diet feeding. However, adipocyte TKT abrogation attenuated high-fat diet-induced obesity, reduced hepatic steatosis, improved glucose tolerance, alleviated insulin resistance, and increased energy expenditure. Mechanistically, TKT deficiency accumulated nonoxidative PPP metabolites and decreased glycolysis and pyruvate input into the mitochondria, leading to increased lipolytic enzyme gene expression and enhanced lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, our data not only identify a novel role of TKT in regulating lipolysis and obesity but also suggest that limiting glucose-derived carbon into the mitochondria induces lipid catabolism and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yakui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanbei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Meng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ming Feng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Minle Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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