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Kalinina AA, Kolesnikov AV, Kozyr AV, Kulikova NL, Zamkova MA, Kazansky DB, Khromykh LM. Preparative Production and Purification of Recombinant Human Cyclophilin A. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2022; 87:259-268. [PMID: 35526853 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed the method of preparative production of recombinant human cyclophilin A (rhCypA) in Escherichia coli. The full-length cDNA encoding the gene of human CypA (CYPA) was amplified by RT-PCR from the total RNA of human T cell lymphoma Jurkat. The nucleotide sequence of CYPA was optimized to provide highly effective translation in E. coli. Recombinant CYPA DNA was cloned into the pET22b(+) vector, and the resulted expression plasmid was used to transform E. coli strain BL21(DE3)Gold. The recombinant producer strain of E. coli produced soluble rhCypA in the bacterial cytoplasm. The synthesis efficiency of rhCypA was up to 50% of the total cell protein allowing to produce rhCypA in the amount of 1 g per liter of the culture. We also developed the method for rhCypA purification, consisting of a single-step tandem anion exchange chromatography on DEAE- and Q-Sepharose columns. The protein purity was 95% according to electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and its contamination with endotoxin did not exceed 0.05 ng per 1 mg of the protein that met the requirements of European pharmacopoeia for injectable preparations. The produced recombinant protein exhibited functional features of native CypA, i.e., isomerase activity and chemokine activity as assessed by stimulation of migration of mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. The generated producer strain of E. coli is a super-producer and could be used for large-scale experimental studies of rhCypA and in its preclinical and clinical trials as a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Kalinina
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Alexander V Kolesnikov
- State Research Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279, Russia
| | - Arina V Kozyr
- State Research Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279, Russia
| | - Natalia L Kulikova
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, Lyubuchany, Moscow Region, 142380, Russia
| | - Maria A Zamkova
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Dmitry B Kazansky
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Ludmila M Khromykh
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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Aryal M, Lau K, Boyer R, Zhou H, Abend J, Gu K, Olbertz J, Gupta S, Zoog S, Larimore K. Achieving efficacy in subjects with sustained pegvaliase-neutralizing antibody responses. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:235-242. [PMID: 34716085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pegvaliase (Palynziq®) is an enzyme substitution therapy using PEGylated recombinant Anabaena variabilis phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) to reduce blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels in adults with phenylketonuria (PKU). In Phase 3 clinical studies, all subjects treated with pegvaliase developed anti-drug antibodies. To specifically evaluate pegvaliase-neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and assess impact on pegvaliase efficacy, a novel hybrid ligand-binding/tandem mass spectrometry NAb assay was developed. Analysis of Phase 3 study samples revealed that pegvaliase NAb titers developed during early treatment (≤6 months after treatment initiation), and then plateaued and persisted in the majority of subjects during late treatment (>6 months). Subjects with the lowest/undetectable NAb titers had relatively high plasma pegvaliase concentrations and experienced the most rapid decline in blood Phe concentrations at relatively low pegvaliase dose concentrations. In contrast, subjects with higher NAb titers generally had lower plasma pegvaliase concentrations on similar low doses, with little change in blood Phe concentrations. However, with additional time on treatment and individualized dose titration, the majority of subjects achieved substantial and sustained blood Phe reduction, including those with higher NAb titers. Moreover, after maturation of the anti-pegvaliase immune response, NAb titers were stable over time and did not rise in response to dose increases; thus, subjects did not require additional dose increases to maintain reduction in blood Phe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhukar Aryal
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Kelly Lau
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Ryan Boyer
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Johanna Abend
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Karen Gu
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Joy Olbertz
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Soumi Gupta
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Stephen Zoog
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Kevin Larimore
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA.
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Mimura S, Fujita K, Takuma K, Nakahara M, Oura K, Tadokoro T, Kobara H, Tani J, Morishita A, Himoto T, Masaki T. Effect of pegylated interferon alfa-2a in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B during and 48 weeks after off-treatment follow-up: the limitation of pre-treatment HBsAg load for the seroclearance of HBsAg. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:1559-1565. [PMID: 33502731 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) alfa-2a treatment for seroclearance of HBs antigen (HBsAg) in HBe antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This retrospective study investigated 16 HBeAg-negative CHB patients who received Peg-IFN alfa-2a weekly for 48 weeks. Thereafter, the patients were followed-up for 48 weeks after the end of therapy. The following criteria were also used for inclusion: HBV-DNA < 5.0 log copies/mL and without nucleot(s)ide analogs. Four HBsAg-positive cases became HBsAg negative. The HBsAg levels of the 4 patients who achieved HBsAg seroclearance were lower significantly than that of the non-seroclearance group (p = 0.007). The mean HBsAg levels in these 4 cases were 68 IU/mL, while the mean HBsAg levels in the non-seroclearance group were 2,114 IU/mL. The mean HBV-DNA levels in the 4 HBsAg seroclearance cases were 2.8 log copies/mL as compared to 3.6 log copies/mL in HBsAg-non-seroclearance cases (p = 0.01). Cases that are HBeAg negative, with HBV-DNA levels < 5 log copies/mL, and HBsAg titers < 120 IU/mL cases may achieve HBsAg clearance with Peg-IFN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Hospital, Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Hospital, Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kei Takuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Hospital, Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mai Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Hospital, Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kyoko Oura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Hospital, Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tadokoro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Hospital, Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Hospital, Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Joji Tani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Hospital, Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Hospital, Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University Hospital, Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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Bob Kusuma M, Kashibhatta R, Jagtap SS, Nadawade V, Adsul S, Moorkoth S, Bhat K, Mody R, Vithala P. A selective and sensitive UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for quantification of Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2b in human serum using signature peptide-based quantitation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1180:122883. [PMID: 34438247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for determination of PEG-IFN-α-2b in human serum was developed using ultra performance liquid chromatography aligned with tandem mass spectrometric detection. A two-treatment, two-period, cross over study was conducted to establish bioequivalence between a test and reference formulation and the method was successfully applied to the quantification of PEG-IFN-α-2b in serum samples of this clinical study. The sample concentrations obtained from LC-MS/MS technique were compared with the concentrations obtained from ELISA technique. PEG-IFN-α-2b was isolated from serum using protein precipitation technique with isopropyl alcohol followed by overnight tryptic digestion. The signature peptide formed as result of tryptic digestion was separated on a chromatograph and detected using a mass detector. The mass transition ion-pair of m/z 741.3 → 1047.1 for PEG-IFN-α-2b and m/z 387.4 → 205.2 for internal standard were used for MS/MS detection. The sample extraction involves a simple protein precipitation method followed by tryptic digestion of the supernatant and further sample cleanup was not needed. The method has been validated over a linear range of 1.028-3200 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient ≥ 0.99. The precision (%RSD) was 5.52 to 7.90 and accuracy (%RE) was within -1.80 to 1.68. The total run time was 22.0 min. The sensitivity of LC-MS/MS method was 1.0 ng/ml which was found to be more sensitive than ELISA and resulted in improving the overall study data by being able to quantify all the samples without any below LOQ results helping to further improve the pharmacokinetic modeling. This improved method is a promising anti-body free LC-MS/MS based methodology for estimation of PEG-IFN-α-2b in human serum and may be applied for other such pegylated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Bob Kusuma
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra State, India.
| | - Ravisekhar Kashibhatta
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Sandeep S Jagtap
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Vijay Nadawade
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Suresh Adsul
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Sudheer Moorkoth
- MCOPS, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Deemed University, Manipal, Mangaluru, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Bhat
- MCOPS, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Deemed University, Manipal, Mangaluru, India
| | - Rustom Mody
- Research & Development Biotech, Lupin Limited, Pune, India
| | - Praveen Vithala
- Bioanalytical Research Department, Lupin Bio-Research Center, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra State, India
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Ahmad S, Punzi HA, Wright KN, Groban L, Ferrario CM. Newly developed radioimmunoassay for Human Angiotensin-(1-12) measurements in plasma and urine. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 529:111256. [PMID: 33798634 PMCID: PMC8694336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dodecapeptide angiotensin-(1-12) [Ang-(1-12)] functions as an intracrine/paracrine substrate for local production of angiotensin II. We developed a reliable and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) method for the measurement of Ang-(1-12) in human plasma and urine using an affinity purified antibody fraction directed towards the C-terminus of the human Ang-(1-12) sequence. The RIA method was applied to quantify the Ang-(1-12) in plasma and urine collected from thirty-four human subjects (29 treated with antihypertensive medicines and 5 untreated patients). Plasma Ang-(1-12) level was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg (n = 10) compared to the group with systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg (n = 24). No significant difference (P = 0.22) was found in spot urine between the groups. Our study also shows that the polyclonal antibody neutralizes the cleavage sites of the human Ang-(1-12) from recombinant human chymase (rhChymase) and serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) mediated Ang II generating hydrolysis. Overall, this newly developed RIA method is reliable and applicable to accurately quantify the Ang-(1-12) level in clinical samples (plasma and urine). Further, our in vitro neutralization study suggests that the anti-Ang-(1-12)-antibody might be used as an in vivo therapeutic agent for preventing Ang-(1-12)/Ang II-mediated hypertension and organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Henry A Punzi
- Trinity Hypertension & Metabolic Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Carrollton, TX, 75006, USA
| | - Kendra N Wright
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Carlos M Ferrario
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Physiology-Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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Murray AK. The Release of a Soluble Glycosylated Protein from Glycogen by Recombinant Lysosomal α-Glucosidase (rhGAA) In Vitro and Its Presence in Serum In Vivo. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1613. [PMID: 33260301 PMCID: PMC7761001 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In studies on the degradation of glycogen by rhGAA, a glycosylated protein core material was found which consists of about 5-6% of the total starting glycogen. There was an additional 25% of the glycogen unaccounted for based on glucose released. After incubation of glycogen with rhGAA until no more glucose was released, no other carbohydrate was detected on HPAEC-PAD. Several oligosaccharides are then detectable if the medium is first boiled in 0.1 N HCl or incubated with trypsin. It is present in serum either in an HCl extract or in a trypsin digest. The characteristics of the in vivo serum material are identical to the material in the in vitro incubation medium. One oligosaccharide cannot be further degraded by rhGAA, from the incubation medium as well as from serum co-elute on HPAEC-PAD. Several masked oligosaccharides in serum contain m-inositol, e-inositol, and sorbitol as the major carbohydrates. The presence of this glycosylated protein in serum is a fraction of glycogen that is degraded outside the lysosome and the cell. The glycosylated protein in the serum is not present in the serum of Pompe mice not on ERT, but it is present in the serum of Pompe disease patients who are on ERT, so it is a biomarker of GAA degradation of lysosomal glycogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen K. Murray
- HIBM Research Group, Inc., Chatsworth, CA 21053, USA; or ; Tel.: +1-949-689-9664
- Glycan Technologies, Inc., P.O. Box 17993, Irvine, CA 92623, USA
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Witkowska-Sędek E, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Kucharska A, Rumińska M, Majcher A, Pyrżak B. Growth response and metabolic effects of growth hormone therapy in appropriate-for-gestational-age growth hormonedeficient children in relation to birth size and gestational age: A preliminary study. Acta Biochim Pol 2020; 67:509-514. [PMID: 33242242 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of birth weight (BW), birth length (BL) and gestational age (GA) on growth pattern and metabolic profile in appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) growth hormone-deficient children before and during recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy. Forty children with isolated idiopathic growth hormone deficiency underwent auxological and biochemical assessment at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of rhGH therapy. Biochemical analysis included: insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), adiponectin, resistin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol (total-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). There was a tendency for positive association between BW and baseline height standard deviation score (SDS). GA correlated with baseline weight SDS (p=0.019) and BMI SDS (p=0.039). GA was associated with baseline fasting glucose (p=0.031), fasting insulin (p=0.027), HOMA-IR (p=0.010) and QUICKI (p=0.016). BW correlated with baseline HbA1c (p=0.032). After the initiation of rhGH therapy we did not find any significant relationships between birth size parameters or GA and metabolic profile of the studied children. In conclusion, our results suggest that AGA GH-deficient children born with higher birth size parameters and higher GA had better first-year growth response to rhGH therapy and better baseline metabolic profile, especially parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. In order to optimize the effects of rhGH therapy, higher rhGH doses should be considered in those GH-deficient children who were born with lower birth size and GA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kucharska
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rumińska
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Majcher
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pyrżak
- Department of Paediatrics and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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Liang X, Zhu J, Cai M, Dai Z, Fang L, Chen H, Yu L, Lin Y, Lin E, Wu G. ProGRP AS A NOVEL BIOMARKER FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID NODULES. Endocr Pract 2020; 26:514-522. [PMID: 32045291 DOI: 10.4158/ep-2019-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the release of progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) in patients with thyroid nodules and the value of ProGRP in fine-needle aspirate washout fluid (FNA-ProGRP) in the differential diagnosis between medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and non-MTC thyroid nodules. Methods: We investigated 2,446 healthy persons and 212 patients with 235 thyroid nodules. They were classified into healthy, nodular goiter, chronic thyroiditis, thyroid follicular neoplasm, papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. The serum ProGRP and FNA-ProGRP were measured. Results: The serum ProGRP median concentration in MTC was 124.40 pg/mL, significantly higher than in other groups. The cutoff value of serum ProGRP was 68.30 pg/mL, leading to 53.85% sensitivity, 96.98% specificity, and 0.51 kappa value in MTC. The FNA-ProGRP median concentration in MTC nodules was 2,096.00 pg/mL, significantly higher than in other groups. A receiver operating characteristic analysis of MTC nodules and non-MTC nodules indicated that the cutoff value was 22.77 pg/mL, leading to 94.12% sensitivity, 98.27% specificity, and 0.85 kappa value. Conclusion: FNA-ProGRP measurement could be served as an ancillary method for the differential diagnosis between MTC and non-MTC thyroid nodules. Abbreviations: CEA = carcinoembryonic antigen; CT = calcitonin; FNAC = fine-needle aspiration cytology; FNA-CT = calcitonin in fine-needle aspirate washout fluid; FNA-ProGRP = ProGRP in fine-needle aspirate washout fluid; MTC = medullary thyroid carcinoma; ProGRP = progastrin-releasing peptide; SCLC = small-cell lung cancer; TM = tumor marker.
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Li L, Yin X, Meng H, Hu J, Yu Z, Xu J. Increased Progastrin-Releasing Peptide Expression is Associated with Progression in Gastric Cancer Patients. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:15-19. [PMID: 31887795 PMCID: PMC6938777 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) in patients with gastric cancer (GC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 patients with GC (89 males and 61 females) were recruited, including those with stage I (n=28), stage II (n=33), stage III (n=50), and stage IV (n=39) disease; 50 healthy controls and 66 patients with benign gastric diseases were also enrolled. Levels of serum ProGRP, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) were measured in all subjects. RESULTS Serum ProGRP levels were significantly higher in GC patients than in controls (p<0.001), and ProGRP was significantly correlated with tumor size, tumor node metastasis stage, differentiation, invasion depth, and lymph node metastasis (p< 0.005). ProGRP levels were significantly decreased after chemotherapy (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed a sensitivity and specificity for serum ProGRP in GC of 85.9% and 81.2%, respectively. ProGRP levels were positively correlated with CA72-4 and CEA (r=0.792 and 0.688, p<0.05, respectively). Combined detection of ProGRP, CEA, and CA72-4 showed the best diagnostic power for GC. CONCLUSION ProGRP may be useful as a potential biomarker for GC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binhai County People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Binhai County People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binhai County People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juanyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binhai County Second Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengqing Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binhai County People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binhai County People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
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Li Y, Ji H, Shen L, Shi X, Wang J. An LC-MS/MS assay with a label-free internal standard for quantitation of serum cystatin C. Anal Biochem 2019; 587:113451. [PMID: 31562851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystatin C is considered as an alternative to the evaluation of glomerular filtration rate. In this study, we highlighted an LC-MS/MS approach for the absolute quantitation of serum cystatin C based on label-free internal standards. A tryptic peptide (ALDFAVGEYNK) was selected as the surrogate whilst analogue (ALDFAVGEYQK) served as an internal standard. After denaturation, reduction, alkylation, digestion and concentration, the target peptides were separated on an LC column and monitored under MRM. The calibration range was from 0.25 mg/L to 15 mg/L with LLOQ of 0.05 mg/L and LOD of 0.03 mg/L, respectively. The certified reference material (ERM-DA471) was determined at 5.12 mg/L with bias of 6.57%. The recovery was between 89.68% and 92.43%. The RSD of intra- and inter-assay imprecision were both <10%. Good stability was also observed. The assay also demonstrated that the quantification of native cystatin C in human serum could be achieved using label-free internal standards. The assay was robust, cheap and sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Huoyan Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiuying Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Vargas Christensen I, Loftager M, Rode F, Mørck Nielsen H, Kreilgaard M, Larsen MS. Impact of capacity-limited binding on recombinant factor VIII and von Willebrand factor pharmacokinetics in hemophilia A rats. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:964-974. [PMID: 30924607 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Knowledge of the interplay between FVIII and VWF pharmacokinetics (PK) is lacking. We characterized the capacity-limited PK of FVIII and VWF. The PK model described the PK of FVIII and VWF over a broad range of rFVIII doses. High-dose rFVIII treatment can reduce the endogenous VWF levels. BACKGROUND Understanding of the pharmacokinetics (PK) interplay between factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) following high-dose FVIII treatment is lacking. OBJECTIVES To characterize the PK of recombinant FVIII (rFVIII), VWF, and the rFVIII:VWF complex in hemophilia A rats following intravenous administration of rFVIII using PK modeling. A second aim was to investigate the effect of high daily dosing and constant expression of rFVIII on VWF exposure using PK simulations. METHODS We developed a population PK model based on the principles of target-mediated drug disposition modeling, using data on total rFVIII and VWF plasma concentrations, and the rFVIII:VWF complex luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassay signal in hemophilia A rats following intravenous administration of rFVIII (17.5, 100, 1000, and 5000 IU kg-1 ). Additionally, we evaluated the influence of high-dose rFVIII treatment on the exposure of VWF using PK simulations. RESULTS The plasma concentration-time profiles of total rFVIII and VWF, and the luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassay signal-time profiles of the rFVIII:VWF complex were adequately described using a two-compartment quasi-steady-state target-mediated drug disposition model (Kss = 0.14 nmol L-1 ). The elimination half-life of the rFVIII:VWF complex was dependent on the unbound plasma concentration of rFVIII. Additionally, we showed that high-dose rFVIII treatment may significantly reduce the endogenous VWF levels. CONCLUSIONS We developed a population-based PK model describing the time-course of total rFVIII, total VWF, and the rFVIII:VWF complex over a broad range of rFVIII doses in hemophilia A rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Vargas Christensen
- Haemophilia Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Loftager
- Haemophilia Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Frederik Rode
- Haemophilia Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Kreilgaard
- Haemophilia Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Malte Selch Larsen
- Haemophilia Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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12
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Freeman LA, Shamburek RD, Sampson ML, Neufeld EB, Sato M, Karathanasis SK, Remaley AT. Plasma lipoprotein-X quantification on filipin-stained gels: monitoring recombinant LCAT treatment ex vivo. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1050-1057. [PMID: 30808683 PMCID: PMC6495165 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d090233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial LCAT deficiency (FLD) patients accumulate lipoprotein-X (LP-X), an abnormal nephrotoxic lipoprotein enriched in free cholesterol (FC). The low neutral lipid content of LP-X limits the ability to detect it after separation by lipoprotein electrophoresis and staining with Sudan Black or other neutral lipid stains. A sensitive and accurate method for quantitating LP-X would be useful to examine the relationship between plasma LP-X and renal disease progression in FLD patients and could also serve as a biomarker for monitoring recombinant human LCAT (rhLCAT) therapy. Plasma lipoproteins were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and cathodal migrating bands corresponding to LP-X were quantified after staining with filipin, which fluoresces with FC, but not with neutral lipids. rhLCAT was incubated with FLD plasma and lipoproteins and LP-X changes were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Filipin detects synthetic LP-X quantitatively (linearity 20-200 mg/dl FC; coefficient of variation <20%) and sensitively (lower limit of quantitation <1 mg/ml FC), enabling LP-X detection in FLD, cholestatic, and even fish-eye disease patients. rhLCAT incubation with FLD plasma ex vivo reduced LP-X dose dependently, generated HDL, and decreased lipoprotein FC content. Filipin staining after agarose gel electrophoresis sensitively detects LP-X in human plasma and accurately quantifies LP-X reduction after rhLCAT incubation ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lita A Freeman
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Robert D Shamburek
- Cardiovascular Branch National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Edward B Neufeld
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Masaki Sato
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Alan T Remaley
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the NIH Clinical Center National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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13
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Priddy FH, Lewis DJM, Gelderblom HC, Hassanin H, Streatfield C, LaBranche C, Hare J, Cox JH, Dally L, Bendel D, Montefiori D, Sayeed E, Ackland J, Gilmour J, Schnepp BC, Wright JF, Johnson P. Adeno-associated virus vectored immunoprophylaxis to prevent HIV in healthy adults: a phase 1 randomised controlled trial. Lancet HIV 2019; 6:e230-e239. [PMID: 30885692 PMCID: PMC6443625 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(19)30003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A preventive vaccine for HIV is a crucial public health need; adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated antibody gene delivery could be an alternative to immunisation to induce sustained expression of neutralising antibodies to prevent HIV. We assessed safety and tolerability of rAAV1-PG9DP, a recombinant AAV1 vector encoding the gene for PG9, a broadly neutralising antibody against HIV. METHODS This first-in-human, proof-of-concept, double-blind, phase 1, randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial was done at one clinical research centre in the UK. Healthy men aged 18-45 years without HIV infection were randomly assigned to receive intramuscular injection with rAAV1-PG9DP or placebo in the deltoid or quadriceps in one of four dose-escalating cohorts (group A, 4 × 1012 vector genomes; group B, 4 × 1013 vector genomes; group C, 8 × 1013 vector genomes; and group D, 1·2 × 1014 vector genomes). Volunteers were followed up for 48 weeks. The primary objective was to assess safety and tolerability. A secondary objective was to assess PG9 expression in serum and related HIV neutralisation activity. All volunteers were included in primary and safety analyses. The trial is complete and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01937455. FINDINGS Between Jan 30, 2014, and Feb 28, 2017, 111 volunteers were screened for eligibility. 21 volunteers were eligible and provided consent, and all 21 completed 48 weeks of follow-up. Reactogenicity was generally mild or moderate and resolved without intervention. No probably or definitely related adverse events or serious adverse events were recorded. We detected PG9 by HIV neutralisation in the serum of four volunteers, and by RT-PCR in muscle biopsy samples from four volunteers. We did not detect PG9 by ELISA in serum. PG9 anti-drug antibody was present in ten volunteers in the higher dose groups. Both anti-AAV1 antibodies and AAV1-specific T-cell responses were detected. INTERPRETATION Future studies should explore higher doses of AAV, alternative AAV serotypes and gene expression cassettes, or other broadly neutralising HIV antibodies. FUNDING International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, United States Agency for International Development, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J M Lewis
- NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College, London UK
| | | | - Hana Hassanin
- Surrey Clinical Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Len Dally
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Daryl Bendel
- Surrey Clinical Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eddy Sayeed
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jill Gilmour
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, London, UK
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Faramarzi T, Mobasheri M, Yoosefy A, Valadkhani Z. Expression and purification of truncated recombinant B8/1 protein of Echinococcus granulosus for diagnosis of hydatid infection in human. Acta Trop 2019; 191:139-145. [PMID: 30599175 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydatidosis is one of the most important diseases common between animals and human beings. Caused by Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm, the disease has a global epidemic. The serological diagnostic tests that are now utilized to confirm the imaging approaches have some drawbacks such as low sensitivity and cross-reaction with the serum of the patients infected with other parasites. The application of recombinant and synthetic antigens has proven improvement in the functionality of serological diagnostic tests. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the expression and purification of truncated recombinant B8/1 (trB8/1) antigen and its application in ELISA for diagnosis of hydatid infection in human. The tEgB8/1 was colonized in the expression vector pET28b (+) and expressed in different strains of E. coli. This protein was purified by Ni2+-NTA chromatography. The antigenicity of the protein was evaluated by Western blotting and ELISA. In the test, 50 positive serum samples from hydatid infected patients, 50 samples from healthy people, and 30 serum samples from patients with other parasitic diseases were used to determine the sensitivity and the specificity of this antigen. The measured sensitivity and specificity of this antigen were identified to be 75.75% and 96.38% respectively. The P value of <0.0001 by using ROC curve, confirmed that this antigen is able to differentiate between healthy and hydatid-infected individuals. Considering the excellent specificity of this antigen and in order to enhance the sensitivity, it is recommended to use a combination of this antigen with other antigens (e.g., EgB8/2-8/5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Faramarzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mobasheri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Yoosefy
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Kühn EC, Slagman A, Kühn-Heid ECD, Seelig J, Schwiebert C, Minich WB, Stoppe C, Möckel M, Schomburg L. Circulating levels of selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) are associated with risk for major adverse cardiac events and death. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:247-253. [PMID: 30732890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) is an intracellular protein with variable expression in response to cellular stress. As the selenium (Se) status is affected by inflammation and hypoxia, we hypothesized that SELENBP1 contributes to disease-specific Se metabolism. To test this hypothesis, a quantitative assay was developed and used to monitor SELENBP1 in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). MATERIALS AND METHODS SELENBP1 was expressed, antibodies were generated and a luminometric immuno assay (LIA) was established and characterized. Serum samples were collected from controls (n = 37) and patients (n = 85) admitted to the Chest Pain Unit with suspected ACS. Blood samples were available from time of first medical contact in the ambulance, at admission to hospital, and after 2, 4, 6 and 12-36 h. RESULTS Circulating SELENBP1 was close to limit of detection in healthy controls and elevated in patients with suspected ACS. SELENBP1 was unrelated to other biomarkers of myocardial damage such as troponin T or aspartate aminotransferase. Serum SELENBP1 enabled a categorization of patients on first medical contact as either high-risk or low-risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) or death, when using 0.8 nmol/l as threshold. The odds-ratios (OR) for MACE and death were OR = 11 (95% CI: 2-49, p = 0.0022) and OR = 12 (2-74, p = 0.014), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Until now, SELENBP1 was mainly considered as an intracellular protein involved in Se metabolism and redox control. Our data indicate that SELENBP1 constitutes a circulating biomarker for cardiac events categorizing patients with suspected ACS at first medical contact into high-risk or low-risk for MACE and death, independent from and complimentary to current biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Christian Kühn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Slagman
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Notfallmedizin/Rettungsstellen und Chest Pain Units, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen C D Kühn-Heid
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Seelig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schwiebert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Waldemar B Minich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Möckel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Notfallmedizin/Rettungsstellen und Chest Pain Units, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Yamamuro T, Inoue K, Nagai Y, Azuma D, Yamamoto A, Hara K, Kohara M, Iwata T, Nakatsuka S, Morii E, Yamamoto T. A case of ectopic ACTH syndrome due to DDAVP-sensitive but V1b receptor-negative bronchial typical carcinoid with lymphatic metastasis and plasma ProGRP elevation. Endocr J 2018; 65:1161-1169. [PMID: 30232300 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) is a potentially fatal endocrine disease that results from a variety of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and bronchial typical carcinoid. Typical carcinoid is usually slow growing, not associated with plasma progastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP) elevation. Here, we report a 47-year-old female smoker with progressive typical carcinoid and plasma ProGRP elevation. Several types of Cushingoid features were found on physical examination. In addition, laboratory examination showed elevated plasma ACTH and serum cortisol levels. These findings indicated ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Moreover, the serum cortisol level was not suppressed by overnight high-dose dexamethasone treatment, suggesting the presence of an extra-pituitary tumor. Contrast-enhanced brain MRI revealed no pituitary adenoma, which also supported the idea that EAS occurred in the present case. Strikingly, chest computed tomographic (CT) scan showed a single 18-mm peripheral nodule in the right middle lobe of the lung. Tumor marker analysis revealed an elevation in plasma ProGRP. These data suggested a possibility that SCLC secreted ACTH and caused EAS in this patient. Of note, the plasma ACTH level was increased (1.7 fold) in l-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) test, also suggesting the specific clinical feature in this case. After additional imaging examinations, we performed surgical resection with the suspicion of limited SCLC. As a result, pathological examination revealed a vasopressin receptor Ib (V1b) receptor-negative bronchial typical carcinoid with ACTH production and mediastinal lymphatic metastasis. In summary, we present a case of EAS caused by progressive bronchial typical carcinoid with plasma ProGRP elevation. We propose a novel subtype of lung typical carcinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamamuro
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kana Inoue
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuki Nagai
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Azuma
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Aya Yamamoto
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kantaro Hara
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kohara
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwata
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Yamamoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
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Ahn HS, Park SJ, Jung HG, Woo SJ, Lee C. Quantification of protein markers monitoring the pre-analytical effect of blood storage time before plasma isolation using 15 N metabolically labeled recombinant proteins. J Mass Spectrom 2018; 53:1189-1197. [PMID: 30251292 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the hospital, blood samples are collected to monitor patients' health states, and thus various protein-based clinical methods have been developed. However, some proteins are found to change in abundances during the process of blood collection and storage. In order to account such pre-analytical effects, we performed liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS) on 15 selected proteins in plasma samples prepared by varying storage time and temperature of whole blood prior to plasma isolation. Two cytosolic proteins, profilin-1 (PFN1) and thymosin beta-4 (TMSB4X), were absolutely quantified using 15 N-labeled recombinant proteins spiked externally. The other 13 proteins were quantified in a relative way compared with the two reference proteins. Triplicated LC-MRM-MS measurements showed that the median CV of MRM peak areas was 5.7%. The amounts of PFN1 and TMSB4X increased rapidly depending on the storage time between blood collection and plasma preparation. It indicates the leakage of cellular components into the plasma fraction. Relative quantification further revealed that five proteins including PFN1, S10A8, S10A9, S10A11, and TMSB4X showed significant difference (P < 0.05). We further monitored PFN1 and TMSB4X on 40 samples collected for protein diagnostics under a typical clinical study condition. Compared with the plasma samples prepared within a day, the level of both PFN1 and TMSB4X increased in the plasma samples prepared from the blood collected the day before and kept overnight at 4°C (0.51 to 3.11 μg/mL for PFN1 and 0.98 to 5.36 μg/mL for TMSB4X in average). Our result suggests an effort of assuring plasma quality for accurate protein-based diagnosis or biomarker discovery and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Ahn
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro-14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro-14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Park
- RetiMark Co. Ltd, 67 Seobinggoro #103-1502, Yonsan-gu, Seoul, 04385, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Gyo Jung
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro-14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro-14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro-14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro-14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, KHU-KIST, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Mirzadeh A, Yoosefy A, Kazemirad E, Barati Z, Golkar M, Babaie J, Jafarihaghighi F, Valadkhani Z. Evaluation of a set of refolded recombinant antigens for serodiagnosis of human fascioliasis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203490. [PMID: 30281608 PMCID: PMC6169862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of fascioliasis with high sensitivity and specificity antigens play a vital role in the management of the disease. Majority of commercial serological tests use F. hepatica native antigens and indicate wide diversities in test accuracy. Nowadays, recombinant antigens have been introduced as diagnostic reagents offer better test standardization. A combination of highly pure recombinant antigens associated with correct folding will leads to improve specificity and sensitivity of ELISA for diagnosis of Fascioliasis. In this article, Fasciola hepatica saposin-like protein 2 (SAP-2), ferritin protein (Ftn-1) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) recombinant antigens were considered as tools for the detection of F. hepatica immunoglobulin G antibodies in persons with chronic human fasciolasis. The recombinant antigens were obtained as fusion proteins, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). The refolding processes of denatured recombinant proteins were performed using dialysis method in the presence of chemical additives, and reduced/oxidized glutathione (in vitro). The immunoreactivity of the recombinant antigens was assessed individually and in a combination compared with excretory/secretory antigen (E/S) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The experiments were optimized using 213 serum samples from humans, including patients with chronic fascioliasis, patients with other parasitic diseases, and healthy subjects. The results indicated 95% sensitivity and 98% specificity for rtFhSAP-2, 96% sensitivity and 91% specificity for E/S, 80% and 83.3% for rtFhFtn-1, 84% and 88% for FhLAP, and also, 96% and 95% for combination of recombinant antigens, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this investigation showed that rtFhSAP-2 with the highest specificity and acceptable sensitivity has a considerable superiority compared to mentioned antigens and even in combination with these antigens in serodiagnosis of human fascioliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Mirzadeh
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Yoosefy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemirad
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Barati
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Golkar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Babaie
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zarrintaj Valadkhani
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Zhao TX, Kostapanos M, Griffiths C, Arbon EL, Hubsch A, Kaloyirou F, Helmy J, Hoole SP, Rudd JHF, Wood G, Burling K, Bond S, Cheriyan J, Mallat Z. Low-dose interleukin-2 in patients with stable ischaemic heart disease and acute coronary syndromes (LILACS): protocol and study rationale for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I/II clinical trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022452. [PMID: 30224390 PMCID: PMC6144322 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation and dysregulated immune responses play a crucial role in atherosclerosis, underlying ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). Immune responses are also major determinants of the postischaemic injury in myocardial infarction. Regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+; Treg) induce immune tolerance and preserve immune homeostasis. Recent in vivo studies suggested that low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) can increase Treg cell numbers. Aldesleukin is a human recombinant form of IL-2 that has been used therapeutically in several autoimmune diseases. However, its safety and efficacy is unknown in the setting of coronary artery disease. METHOD AND ANALYSIS Low-dose interleukin-2 in patients with stable ischaemic heart disease and acute coronary syndromes is a single-centre, first-in-class, dose-escalation, two-part clinical trial. Patients with stable IHD (part A) and ACS (part B) will be randomised to receive either IL-2 (aldesleukin; dose range 0.3-3×106 IU) or placebo once daily, given subcutaneously, for five consecutive days. Part A will have five dose levels with five patients in each group. Group 1 will receive a dose of 0.3×106 IU, while the dose for the remaining four groups will be determined on completion of the preceding group. Part B will have four dose levels with eight patients in each group. The dose of the first group will be based on part A. Doses for each of the subsequent three groups will similarly be determined after completion of the previous group. The primary endpoint is safety and tolerability of aldesleukin and to determine the dose that increases mean circulating Treg levels by at least 75%. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study received a favourable opinion by the Greater Manchester Central Research Ethics Committee, UK (17/NW/0012). The results of this study will be reported through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and an internal organisational report. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03113773; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xiao Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics (EMIT), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Michalis Kostapanos
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics (EMIT), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Charmaine Griffiths
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Emma L Arbon
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Annette Hubsch
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics (EMIT), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Fotini Kaloyirou
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics (EMIT), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Joanna Helmy
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics (EMIT), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Stephen P Hoole
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - James H F Rudd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham Wood
- Department of Immunology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keith Burling
- Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Bond
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Joseph Cheriyan
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics (EMIT), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
DNA aptamers are important tools for molecular recognition, particularly for a new generation of tools for biomedicine based on nucleic acid nanostructures. Here, we investigated the relative abilities of different shapes and sizes of DNA polyhedra to display an aptamer which binds to the malaria biomarker Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH). The aptamer was shown to perform an Aptamer-Tethered Enzyme Capture (APTEC) assay with the hypothesis that the display of the aptamer above the surface through the use of a polyhedron may lead to better sensitivity than use of the aptamer alone. We compared different numbers of points of contact, different shapes, including tetrahedron, square, and pentagon-based pyramids, as well as prisms. We also investigated the optimal height of display of the structure. Our results demonstrated that the display of an aptamer on an optimized nanostructure improved sensitivity up to 6-fold relative to the aptamer alone in the APTEC assay. Other important factors included multiple basal points of contact with the surface, a tetrahedron proved superior to the more complex shaped structures, and height above the surface only made minor differences to efficacy. The display of an aptamer on a nanostructure may be beneficial for higher sensitivity aptamer-mediated malaria diagnosis. Aptamer displays using DNA nanostructure polyhedron supports could be a useful approach in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chi-Chin Shiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lewis A Fraser
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yifan Ding
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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Klinke A, Berghausen E, Friedrichs K, Molz S, Lau D, Remane L, Berlin M, Kaltwasser C, Adam M, Mehrkens D, Mollenhauer M, Manchanda K, Ravekes T, Heresi GA, Aytekin M, Dweik RA, Hennigs JK, Kubala L, Michaëlsson E, Rosenkranz S, Rudolph TK, Hazen SL, Klose H, Schermuly RT, Rudolph V, Baldus S. Myeloperoxidase aggravates pulmonary arterial hypertension by activation of vascular Rho-kinase. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97530. [PMID: 29875311 PMCID: PMC6124430 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a disease with limited therapeutic options and dismal prognosis. Despite its etiologic heterogeneity, the underlying unifying pathophysiology is characterized by increased vascular tone and adverse remodeling of the pulmonary circulation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme abundantly expressed in neutrophils, has potent vasoconstrictive and profibrotic properties, thus qualifying as a potential contributor to this disease. Here, we sought to investigate whether MPO is causally linked to the pathophysiology of PAH. Investigation of 2 independent clinical cohorts revealed that MPO plasma levels were elevated in subjects with PAH and predicted adverse outcome. Experimental analyses showed that, upon hypoxia, right ventricular pressure was less increased in Mpo-/- than in WT mice. The hypoxia-induced activation of the Rho-kinase pathway, a critical subcellular signaling pathway yielding vasoconstriction and structural vascular remodeling, was blunted in Mpo-/- mice. Mice subjected to i.v. infusion of MPO revealed activation of Rho-kinase and increased right ventricular pressure, which was prevented by coinfusion of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632. In the Sugen5416/hypoxia rat model, PAH was attenuated by the MPO inhibitor AZM198. The current data demonstrate a tight mechanistic link between MPO, the activation of Rho-kinase, and adverse pulmonary vascular function, thus pointing toward a potentially novel avenue of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klinke
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- International Clinical Research Center, Centre of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering (CBCE), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Berghausen
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Friedrichs
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Molz
- University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denise Lau
- University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Remane
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Berlin
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kaltwasser
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matti Adam
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dennis Mehrkens
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Mollenhauer
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kashish Manchanda
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorben Ravekes
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Metin Aytekin
- Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Raed A. Dweik
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, and
| | - Jan K. Hennigs
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Kubala
- International Clinical Research Center, Centre of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering (CBCE), St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Michaëlsson
- Bioscience Heart Failure, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development (IMED) Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tanja K. Rudolph
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hans Klose
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Volker Rudolph
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne CMMC, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Abdul S, Peeters M, Brouwers E, Malfliet JJMC, Leebeek FWG, Declerck PJ, Rijken DC, Uitte de Willige S. Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the N-terminus of alpha-2-antiplasmin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196911. [PMID: 29723259 PMCID: PMC5933735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 70% of circulating alpha-2-antiplasmin (α2AP), the main natural plasmin inhibitor, is N-terminally cleaved between residues Pro12 and Asn13 by antiplasmin-cleaving enzyme. This converts native Met-α2AP into the more potent fibrinolysis inhibitor Asn-α2AP. The Arg6Trp (R6W) polymorphism affects the N-terminal cleavage rate of Met-α2AP in a purified system, with ~8-fold faster conversion of Met(R6)-α2AP than Met(W6)-α2AP. To date, assays to determine N-terminally intact Met-α2AP in plasma have been limited to an ELISA that only measures Met(R6)-α2AP. The aim of this study was to generate and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Met(R6)-α2AP, Met(W6)-α2AP and all α2AP forms (total-α2AP) in order to develop specific Met(R6)-α2AP and Met(W6)-α2AP ELISAs. Recombinant Met(R6)-α2AP, Met(W6)-α2AP and Asn-α2AP were expressed in Drosophila S2 cells. Using hybridoma technology, a panel of 25 mAbs was generated against a mixture of recombinant Met(R6)-α2AP and Met(W6)-α2AP. All mAbs were evaluated for their specific reactivity using the three recombinant α2APs in one-site non-competitive ELISAs. Three mAbs were selected to develop sandwich-type ELISAs. MA-AP37E2 and MA-AP34C4 were selected for their specific reactivity against Met(R6)-α2AP and Met(W6)-α2AP, respectively, and used for coating. MA-AP15D7 was selected for its reactivity against total-α2AP and used for detection. With the novel ELISAs we determined Met(R6)-α2AP and Met(W6)-α2AP levels in plasma samples and we showed that Met(R6)-α2AP was converted faster into Asn-α2AP than Met(W6)-α2AP in a plasma milieu. In conclusion, we developed two specific ELISAs for Met(R6)-α2AP and Met(W6)-α2AP, respectively, in plasma. This will enable us to determine N-terminal heterogeneity of α2AP in plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraazkhan Abdul
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miet Peeters
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Brouwers
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joyce J. M. C. Malfliet
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank W. G. Leebeek
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dingeman C. Rijken
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shirley Uitte de Willige
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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23
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Chahardoli M, Fazeli A, Ghabooli M. Recombinant production of bovine Lactoferrin-derived antimicrobial peptide in tobacco hairy roots expression system. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 123:414-421. [PMID: 29310078 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
LFchimera is a chimerical peptide containing Lactoferricin and Lactoferrampin antimicrobial peptides of bovine lactoferrin, and it has stronger bactericidal activity. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) like LFchimera have great potential as an alternative candidate for conventional antibiotics. Plant hairy roots provide suitable platform for fast, easy and cost-effective production of various recombinant proteins. The aim of this study was to express recombinant LFchimera in Nicotiana tabacum hairy roots and investigate its antimicrobial activity. The integration and expression of the transgene in hairy roots were confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. LFchimera levels were quantified by ELISA and the presence of LFchimera was verified by SDS-PAGE analysis of root extracts. Biological activity of the plant derived LFchimera was confirmed by investigating the antimicrobial activity of total solution protein against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739). Hairy root biomass reached to 4.6 g and LFchimera accumulate about 4.8 μg/g fresh weight in Erlenmeyer flasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Chahardoli
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Arash Fazeli
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Ghabooli
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
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Costa MB, Picon PD, Sander GB, Cuni HN, Silva CV, Meireles RP, Góes ACMA, Batoreu NM, Maia MDLDS, Albuquerque EM, Matos DCDS, Saura PL. Pharmacokinetics comparison of two pegylated interferon alfa formulations in healthy volunteers. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:1. [PMID: 29301580 PMCID: PMC5755306 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several countries have used pegylation technology to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of essential drugs. Recently, a novel interferon alfa-2b protein conjugated to four-branched 12 kDa polyethylene glycol molecules was developed jointly between Cuba and Brazil. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of BIP48 (pegylated interferon alfa-2b from Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Brazil) to those of PEGASYS® (commercially available pegylated interferon alfa-2a from Roche Pharmaceutical). METHODS This phase I, single-centre, randomized, double-blind crossover trial enrolled 31 healthy male volunteers aged 19 to 35 who were allocated to two stages, either side of a 5-week wash-out period, with each arm lasting 14 consecutive days after subcutaneous administration of 180 μg of one formulation or the other (study or comparator). The main outcome variable was serum pegylated interferon concentrations in 15 samples collected during the course of the study and tested using an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS There were no differences between formulations in terms of magnitude or absorption parameters. Analysis of time parameters revealed that BIP48 remained in the body significantly longer than PEGASYS® (Tmax: 73 vs. 54 h [p = 0.0010]; MRT: 133 vs. 115 h [p = 0.0324]; ke: 0.011 vs. 0.013 h(-1) [p = 0.0153]; t1/2: 192 vs. 108 h [p = 0.0218]). CONCLUSION BIP48 showed the expected pharmacokinetic profile for a pegylated product with a branched molecular structure. Compared to PEGASYS®, the magnitude absorption was similar, but time parameters were consistent with slower elimination. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the clinical implications of these findings. A phase II-III repeated-dose clinical trial is ongoing to study these findings in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov platform (accession number NCT01889849 ). This trial was retrospectively registered in June 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Boff Costa
- Center of Clinical Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Paulo Dornelles Picon
- Professor of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Guilherme Becker Sander
- Professor of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Hugo Nodarse Cuni
- Clinical Trials Division, Center for Biological Research, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Lopez Saura
- Clinical Trials Division, Center for Biological Research, Havana, Cuba
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25
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Yin ZF, Wang SM. [Effect of rhEGF on the levels of serum EGF and inflammatory cytokines in patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2017; 26:654-657. [PMID: 29691565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of debridement combined with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on wound healing, scar formation, serum epidermal growth factor and inflammatory factors in patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma. METHODS Eight-two cases with oral and maxillofacial trauma treated in our hospital (January 2015 to December 2016) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received routine treatment, 41 received rhEGF besides routine treatment (experimental group), 41 patients received only cosmetic debridement and suturing (control group). The effect, wound healing time of 2 groups were recorded and compared. The serum epidermal growth factor, interleukin -6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin -1 (Interleukin-1, IL-1) before and after operation were compared between 2 groups. SPSS16.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS The average wound healing time of the patients in the experimental group was 5.1±1.3 days, and the average wound healing time of patients in the control group was 7.4±1.9 days, the difference between 2 groups was statistically significant (t=6.397, P<0.01). The effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Before operation, the serum epidermal growth factor, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1 in 2 groups had no significant differences (P>0.05); 2 days and 5 days after operation, the serum epidermal growth factor level of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). The serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1 level of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).The side effects happened in the experimental group were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma treated by debridement combined with rhEGF can promote wound healing and reduce the degree of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fa Yin
- Department of Stomatology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City. Lianyungang 222023,Jiangsu Province, China. E-mail:
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26
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Wang B, Kong N, Liu JY, Zhang NY, Zhu YC, Zhou JJ. [Repeated superovulation induction after failure in previous IVF-ET cycles with the ultra-long protocol: Analysis of outcomes of clinical pregnancy]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2017; 23:1099-1102. [PMID: 29738181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical outcomes of repeated superovulation induction in patients with adenomyosis or moderate to severe pelvic endometriosis after failure in previous IVF-ET cycles with the ultra-long protocol. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 37 patients with adenomyosis or moderate to severe pelvic endometriosis in our center from 2009 to 2013, who underwent repeated IVF-ET after failure in the previous cycles with the ultra-long protocol, namely by injection of 2-6 ampoules of 3.75 mg gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a). All the patients met the following requirements: hCG-negative at 14 days after transfer, within 3-7 days after menstruation, and properly down-regulated serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (<10 mIU/ml), luteinizing hormone (LH) (<10 mIU/ml), estradiol (E2) (<30 pg/ml), follicle diameter (<10 mm) and endometrial thickness, and received GnRH (Gonal-F, Serono) for ovulation induction. We compared the clinical and laboratory data and pregnancy outcomes between the first and repeated cycles before and after ovulation induction. RESULTS The repeated cycles, as compared with previous ones, showed significant increases in the antral follicle count (AFC) on the first day of stimulation (7.55 ± 1.86 vs 6.45 ± 2.5, P<0.05), number of follicles =≥14 mm in diameter on the hCG trigger day (7.81 ± 3.6 vs 5.56 ± 3.68, P<0.05), level of E2 ([2 362.15 ± 1 210.49] vs [1 749.22 ± 1 139.44] pg/ml, P<0.05), and numbers of oocytes retrieved (7.51 ± 3.23 vs 4.78 ± 3.41, P<0.05) and embryos transferred (2.00 ± 0.33 vs 1.50 ± 0.67, P<0.05), exhibited a remarkably reduction in the dose of GnRH ([1 791.65 ± 1 889.41] vs [3 439.56 ± 1 836.53] IU, P<0.05), and achieved a clinical pregnancy rate of 62.16%. CONCLUSIONS With proper reduction of the FSH, LH and E2 levels and follicle diameter, repeated superovulation induction for IVF-ET can improve the ovarian response and pregnancy outcomes of the patients with adenomyosis or moderate to severe pelvic endometriosis after failure in the previous IVF-ET cycles with the ultra-long protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Na Kong
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jing-Yu Liu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Ning-Yuan Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Ying-Chun Zhu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
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Liu X, Zhang W, Yin W, Xiao Y, Zhou C, Hu Y, Geng S. The prognostic value of the serum neuron specific enolase and lactate dehydrogenase in small cell lung cancer patients receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8258. [PMID: 29145241 PMCID: PMC5704786 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), pro-gastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with clinical response and survival in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.One hundred thirty-six patients with SCLC were recruited in this study. All the patients received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Clinical efficacy was assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1 criteria. Serum samples were collected from SCLC patients before chemotherapy. NSE, ProGRP, and LDH levels were measured by commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay, and kinetic spectrophotometric method, respectively.Overall response rate was 71.3% with 97 patients who achieved complete response (CR) + partial response (PR). NSE and LDH level declined in patients who achieved CR + PR compared with patients in stable disease (SD) and progress disease (PD). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that NSE > 50.324 ng/mL, stage ED, and distant metastases were independent risk factors for patients achieving CR + PR, and chemotherapy > 4 cycles was an independent protective factor in predicting CR + PR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves presented that expression of NSE, ProGRP, and LDH are of good predicting value for patients achieving CR + PR. Patients with a higher level of NSE and LDH presented worse progression-free survival and overall survival. In addition, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that NSE level > 50.324 ng/mL and distant metastasis were independently correlated with worse OS.Serum NSE and LDH could be promising biomarkers for predicting therapy response and survival of SCLC patients receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Tiefenbacher S, Bohra R, Amiral J, Bowyer A, Kitchen S, Lochu A, Rosén S, Ezban M. Qualification of a select one-stage activated partial thromboplastin time-based clotting assay and two chromogenic assays for the post-administration monitoring of nonacog beta pegol. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1901-1912. [PMID: 28772338 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Nonacog beta pegol (N9-GP) is an extended half-life, recombinant human factor IX (FIX). One-stage clotting (OSC) and chromogenic FIX activity assays were assessed for N9-GP recovery. OSC STA® -Cephascreen® , ROX FIX and BIOPHEN FIX chromogenic assays were qualified for N9-GP. Other extended half-life factor products should be assessed in a similar way prior to approval. SUMMARY Background Nonacog beta pegol (N9-GP) is an extended half-life, glycoPEGylated recombinant human factor IX that is under development for the prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophilia B patients. Considerable reagent-dependent variability has been observed when one-stage clotting assays are used to measure the recovery of recombinant FIX products, including N9-GP. Objective To qualify select one-stage clotting and chromogenic FIX activity assays for measuring N9-GP recovery. Methods The accuracy and precision of the one-stage clotting assay (with the STA-Cephascreen activated partial thromboplastin [APTT] reagent) and the ROX Factor IX and BIOPHEN Factor IX chromogenic assays for measuring N9-GP recovery were assessed in N9-GP-spiked hemophilia B plasma samples in a systematic manner at three independent sites, with manufacturer-recommended protocols and/or site-specific assay setups, including different instruments. Results For each of the three FIX activity assays qualified on five different reagent-instrument systems, acceptable intra-assay and interassay accuracy and precision, dilution integrity, reagent robustness and freeze-thaw and short-term sample stabilities were demonstrated. The STA-Cephascreen assay showed a limited reportable range at one of the three qualification sites, and the BIOPHEN Factor IX assay showed suspect low-end sensitivity at one of the three qualification sites. An individual laboratory would account for these limitations by adjusting the assay's reportable range; thus, these findings are not considered to impact the respective assay qualifications. Conclusion The one-stage clotting assay with the STA-Cephascreen APTT reagent, the ROX Factor IX chromogenic assay and the BIOPHEN Factor IX chromogenic assay are considered to be qualified for the measurement of N9-GP in 3.2% (0.109 m) citrated human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tiefenbacher
- Colorado Coagulation, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Englewood, CO, USA
| | - R Bohra
- Colorado Coagulation, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Englewood, CO, USA
| | - J Amiral
- Scientific and Technical consultant for Hyphen BioMed SAS and Sysmex Corp, Neuville-sur-Oise, France
| | - A Bowyer
- Department of Coagulation, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Kitchen
- Department of Coagulation, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Lochu
- Stago R&D Department, Diagnostica Stago, Inc., Gennevilliers, France
| | | | - M Ezban
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
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Riedl MA, Grivcheva-Panovska V, Moldovan D, Baker J, Yang WH, Giannetti BM, Reshef A, Andrejevic S, Lockey RF, Hakl R, Kivity S, Harper JR, Relan A, Cicardi M. Recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor for prophylaxis of hereditary angio-oedema: a phase 2, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Lancet 2017; 390:1595-1602. [PMID: 28754491 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary angio-oedema is a recurrent, oedematous disorder caused by deficiency of functional C1 inhibitor. Infusions of plasma-derived C1 esterase inhibitor deter attacks of hereditary angio-oedema, but the prophylactic effect of recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor has not been rigorously studied. We aimed to assess the efficacy of recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor for prophylaxis of hereditary angio-oedema. METHODS We conducted this phase 2, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial at ten centres in Canada, the Czech Republic, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and the USA. We enrolled patients aged 13 years or older with functional C1-inhibitor concentrations of less than 50% of normal and a history of four or more attacks of hereditary angio-oedema per month for at least 3 months before study initiation. Patients were randomly assigned centrally (1:1:1:1:1:1), via an interactive response technology system with fixed allocation, to receive one of six treatment sequences. During each sequence, patients received intravenous recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor (50 IU/kg; maximum 4200 IU) twice weekly, recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor once weekly and placebo once weekly, and placebo twice weekly, each for 4 weeks with a 1 week washout period between crossover. All patients, investigators, and study personnel who participated in patient care were masked to group allocation during the study. The primary efficacy endpoint was the number of attacks of hereditary angio-oedema observed in each 4 week treatment period. Attack symptoms were recorded daily. The primary efficacy analysis was done in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one injection of study medication. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02247739. FINDINGS Between Dec 29, 2014, and May 3, 2016, we enrolled 35 patients, of whom 32 (91%) underwent randomisation (intention-to-treat population) and 26 (81%) completed the study. The mean number of attacks of hereditary angio-oedema over 4 weeks was significantly reduced with recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor twice weekly (2·7 attacks [SD 2·4]) and once weekly (4·4 attacks [3·2]) versus placebo (7·2 attacks [3·6]), with mean differences of -4·4 attacks (p<0·0001) and -2·8 attacks (p=0·0004), respectively. We recorded adverse events in ten (34%) of 29 patients given twice-weekly recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor, 13 (45%) of 29 patients given the once-weekly regimen, and eight (29%) of 28 patients given placebo. Headache (twice-weekly treatment) and nasopharyngitis (once-weekly treatment) were the most common adverse events. Two (7%) adverse events (fatigue and headache) were deemed possibly related to treatment with recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor, but both resolved without additional treatment. No thrombotic or thromboembolic events, systemic allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis), or neutralising antibodies were reported. INTERPRETATION Prophylaxis with recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor provided clinically relevant reductions in frequency of hereditary angio-oedema attacks and was well tolerated. In view of the pharmacokinetic profile of recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor, our results suggest that efficacy of C1-inhibitor replacement therapy might not be a direct function of plasma trough concentrations of C1 inhibitor. FUNDING Pharming Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Riedl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - James Baker
- Baker Allergy Asthma Dermatology, Lake Oswego, OR, USA
| | - William H Yang
- Ottawa Allergy Research Corporation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Medical School, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Avner Reshef
- Sheba Medical Center, University of Tel Aviv, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Richard F Lockey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Roman Hakl
- St Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Joseph R Harper
- Department of Clinical Research and Medical Affairs, Pharming Healthcare, Berkeley Heights, NJ, USA
| | - Anurag Relan
- Department of Clinical Research and Medical Affairs, Pharming Healthcare, Berkeley Heights, NJ, USA
| | - Marco Cicardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche Luigi Sacco, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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30
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Scipione CA, McAiney JT, Simard DJ, Bazzi ZA, Gemin M, Romagnuolo R, Macrae FL, Ariëns RA, Hegele RA, Auld J, Gauld JW, Boffa MB, Koschinsky ML. Characterization of the I4399M variant of apolipoprotein(a): implications for altered prothrombotic properties of lipoprotein(a). J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1834-1844. [PMID: 28632940 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Elevated lipoproteinp(a) is an independent and causal risk factor for atherothrombotic diseases. rs3798220 (Ile/Met substitution in apo(a) protease-like domain) is associated with disease risk. Recombinant I4399M apo(a) altered clot structure to accelerate coagulation/delay fibrinolysis. Evidence was found for increased solvent exposure and oxidation of Met residue. SUMMARY Background Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a causal risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Apolipoprotein(a) (apo[a]), the distinguishing component of Lp(a), is homologous with plasminogen, suggesting that Lp(a) can interfere with the normal fibrinolytic functions of plasminogen. This has implications for the persistence of fibrin clots in the vasculature and hence for atherothrombotic diseases. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs3798220) in the gene encoding apo(a) has been reported that results in an Ile→Met substitution in the protease-like domain (I4399M variant). In population studies, the I4399M variant has been correlated with elevated plasma Lp(a) levels and higher coronary heart disease risk, and carriers of the SNP had increased cardiovascular benefit from aspirin therapy. In vitro studies suggested an antifibrinolytic role for Lp(a) containing this variant. Objectives We performed a series of experiments to assess the effect of the Ile→Met substitution on fibrin clot formation and lysis, and on the architecture of the clots. Results We found that the Met variant decreased coagulation time and increased fibrin clot lysis time as compared with wild-type apo(a). Furthermore, we observed that the presence of the Met variant significantly increased fibrin fiber width in plasma clots formed ex vivo, while having no effect on fiber density. Mass spectrometry analysis of a recombinant apo(a) species containing the Met variant revealed sulfoxide modification of the Met residue. Conclusions Our data suggest that the I4399M variant differs structurally from wild-type apo(a), which may underlie key differences related to its effects on fibrin clot architecture and fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Scipione
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J T McAiney
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - D J Simard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z A Bazzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Gemin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Romagnuolo
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - F L Macrae
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R A Ariëns
- Thrombosis and Tissue Repair Group, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R A Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Auld
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - J W Gauld
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - M B Boffa
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M L Koschinsky
- Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Dong X, Meng Z, Jin J, Gu R, Dou G. Development, validation, and clinical pharmacokinetic application of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneously determining a novel recombinant hirudin derivative (Neorudin) and its active metabolite in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1063:204-213. [PMID: 28886579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant Neorudin (EPR-hirudin, EH), a novel, low-bleeding anticoagulant fusion protein, has been developed as an inactive prodrug that is converted to an active metabolite, hirudin variant 2-Lys47 (HV2), at the thrombus site and is undergoing Phase I clinical trials in China. The goal of our present research was to establish a novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneously quantifying EH and HV2 in human serum. Furthermore, the method was used in clinical pharmacokinetic study after validation. The stock and dilute working solutions were dissolved in methanol/water (1/1, v/v) to avoid their adsorption. The internal standard (IS) used, had a similar structure to that of EH. The serum sample pretreatment involved protein precipitation with methanol. The volume ratio of the precipitating solvent to the serum sample was 3:1 (300μL methanol: 100μL serum sample). The chromatographic separation was performed using a 300Å C18 column using a multi-step gradient with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile:water containing 0.1% formic acid. The detection was carried out using an ESI source in the positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The within and between run precision were in the range of 3.5%-10.3% for EH and 3.3%-8.8% for HV2, and the accuracy of both EH and HV2 was between -4.6% and 2.1%. The extraction recoveries and matrix effect at three quality control (QC) levels for EH and HV2 were satisfactory. The stabilities of EH and HV2 during the storage, preparation, and analysis were confirmed, and the carryover also proved to be acceptable. This technique was efficiently used in Phase I clinical pharmacokinetic trials of EH following intravenous administration of 0.2mg/kg to healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Laboratory of Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Laboratory of Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Jide Jin
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Ruolan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Laboratory of Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Guifang Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Laboratory of Hematological Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Kapitza C, Nowotny I, Lehmann A, Bergmann K, Rotthaeuser B, Nosek L, Becker RHA. Similar pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rapid-acting insulin lispro products SAR342434 and US- and EU-approved Humalog in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:622-627. [PMID: 27987252 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of 3 rapid-acting insulin lispro products: SAR342434 solution, United States (US)-approved Humalog and European Union (EU)-approved Humalog. METHODS In a single-centre, randomized, double-blind, 3-treatment, 3-period, 6-sequence, crossover, euglycaemic clamp study (NCT02273258), adult male subjects with type 1 diabetes were randomized to receive 0.3 U/kg of SAR342434 solution, US-approved and EU-approved Humalog under fasted conditions. PK and PD (glucose infusion rate [GIR]) were assessed up to 12 hours. RESULTS Of the 30 subjects randomized, 28 completed all 3 treatment periods. Mean concentration and GIR vs time profiles were similar for all 3 products. Exposure (INS-Cmax , INS-AUClast and INS-AUC) and activity (GIRmax and GIR-AUC0-12h ) of SAR342434, US-approved and EU-approved Humalog were similar in all comparisons (point estimates of treatment ratios, 0.95-1.03 for PK parameters and 1.00-1.07 for PD parameters), with 90% confidence intervals for the ratios of geometric least squares means within the pre-specified bioequivalence limit (0.80-1.25) and no significant differences in time-related parameters. Within-subject variability of exposure and activity was low across the 3 clamps, indicating high day-to-day reproducibility in clamp performance, irrespective of the individual product. Adverse events were similar for all 3 products. No safety concerns were noted in vital signs or in laboratory and electrocardiogram data. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate similarity in insulin lispro exposure profiles and PD activity of SAR342434 solution to both US- and EU-approved Humalog, and between both US- and EU-approved Humalog, supporting the use of SAR342434 solution for injection as a follow-on product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Nowotny
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Lehmann
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Karin Bergmann
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
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33
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MESH Headings
- Diabetes Mellitus/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Drug Compounding
- Excipients/chemistry
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/blood
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Insulin Glargine/administration & dosage
- Insulin Glargine/blood
- Insulin Glargine/pharmacokinetics
- Insulin Glargine/therapeutic use
- Insulin Lispro/administration & dosage
- Insulin Lispro/blood
- Insulin Lispro/pharmacokinetics
- Insulin Lispro/therapeutic use
- Insulin, Long-Acting/administration & dosage
- Insulin, Long-Acting/blood
- Insulin, Long-Acting/pharmacokinetics
- Insulin, Long-Acting/therapeutic use
- Insulin, Regular, Human/administration & dosage
- Insulin, Regular, Human/blood
- Insulin, Regular, Human/pharmacokinetics
- Insulin, Regular, Human/therapeutic use
- Osmolar Concentration
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/blood
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacokinetics
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
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34
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Jegaskanda S, Co MDT, Cruz J, Subbarao K, Ennis FA, Terajima M. Induction of H7N9-Cross-Reactive Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Antibodies by Human Seasonal Influenza A Viruses that are Directed Toward the Nucleoprotein. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:818-823. [PMID: 28011910 PMCID: PMC5853654 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against avian influenza virus subtypes, including H7N9 and H5N1, have been detected in human sera. Using NK cell activation and NK cytotoxicity assays, we compared ADCC-mediating antibodies (ADCC-Abs) in sera collected from healthy infants, children and adults against H7N9 virus-infected cells and recombinant hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and nucleoprotein (NP) proteins. High titers of ADCC-Abs against H7N9 virus-infected cells were detected in sera from adults and children but not infants. ADCC-Abs titers directed against H7N9 HA or NA proteins. Further analysis showed that ADCC-Abs titers were significantly higher toward H7N9 NP, as compared with H7N9 HA or NA proteins, and correlated strongly with ADCC-Abs titers against H7N9 virus-infected cells. Indeed, ADCC-Abs to NPs of seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 viruses correlated strongly with ADCC-Abs to H7N9 NP, suggesting that seasonal influenza infections and vaccinations may induce these cross-reactive antibodies. Targeting ADCC-Abs to internal proteins may be a potential mechanism of universal vaccine design.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cross Reactions
- Hemagglutinins/blood
- Hemagglutinins/immunology
- Humans
- Infant
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype
- Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Neuraminidase/blood
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Nucleocapsid Proteins
- RNA-Binding Proteins/blood
- RNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/blood
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Viral Core Proteins/blood
- Viral Core Proteins/immunology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinthujan Jegaskanda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Dawn T Co
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francis A Ennis
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Masanori Terajima
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Lee D, Nayak S, Martin SW, Heatherington AC, Vicini P, Hua F. A quantitative systems pharmacology model of blood coagulation network describes in vivo biomarker changes in non-bleeding subjects. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:2430-2445. [PMID: 27666750 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Baseline coagulation activity can be detected in non-bleeding state by in vivo biomarker levels. A detailed mathematical model of coagulation was developed to describe the non-bleeding state. Optimized model described in vivo biomarkers with recombinant activated factor VII treatment. Sensitivity analysis predicted prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and D-dimer are regulated differently. SUMMARY Background Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2 ), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and D-dimer can be detected in plasma from non-bleeding hemostatically normal subjects or hemophilic patients. They are often used as safety or pharmacodynamic biomarkers for hemostatis-modulating therapies in the clinic, and provide insights into in vivo coagulation activity. Objectives To develop a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model of the blood coagulation network to describe in vivo biomarkers, including F1 + 2 , TAT, and D-dimer, under non-bleeding conditions. Methods The QSP model included intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways, platelet activation state-dependent kinetics, and a two-compartment pharmacokinetics model for recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa). Literature data on F1 + 2 and D-dimer at baseline and changes with rFVIIa treatment were used for parameter optimization. Multiparametric sensitivity analysis (MPSA) was used to understand key proteins that regulate F1 + 2 , TAT and D-dimer levels. Results The model was able to describe tissue factor (TF)-dependent baseline levels of F1 + 2 , TAT and D-dimer in a non-bleeding state, and their increases in hemostatically normal subjects and hemophilic patients treated with different doses of rFVIIa. The amount of TF required is predicted to be very low in a non-bleeding state. The model also predicts that these biomarker levels will be similar in hemostatically normal subjects and hemophilic patients. MPSA revealed that F1 + 2 and TAT levels are highly correlated, and that D-dimer is more sensitive to the perturbation of coagulation protein concentrations. Conclusions A QSP model for non-bleeding baseline coagulation activity was established with data from clinically relevant in vivo biomarkers at baseline and changes in response to rFVIIa treatment. This model will provide future mechanistic insights into this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lee
- PharmaTherapeutics Clinical Research, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Nayak
- Pharmacometrics, Global Innovative Pharma Business, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S W Martin
- Pharmacometrics, Global Innovative Pharma Business, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A C Heatherington
- PharmaTherapeutics Clinical Research, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Vicini
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism - New Biological Entities, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - F Hua
- PharmaTherapeutics Clinical Research, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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36
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Pitkänen HH, Jouppila A, Lemponen M, Ilmakunnas M, Ahonen J, Lassila R. Factor XIII deficiency enhances thrombin generation due to impaired fibrin polymerization - An effect corrected by Factor XIII replacement. Thromb Res 2016; 149:56-61. [PMID: 27902939 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Factor XIII (FXIII) cross-links fibrin, completing blood coagulation. Congenital FXIII deficiency is managed with plasma-derived FXIII (pdFXIII) or recombinant FXIII (rFXIII) concentrates. AIM As the mechanisms protecting patients with low FXIII levels (<5IU/dL) from spontaneous bleeds remain unknown we assessed the interplay between thrombin generation (TG), fibrin formation and clot kinetics before and after FXIII administration in three patients with FXIII deficiency. METHODS Patients received initially rFXIII (35IU/kg, A-subunit) following with pdFXIII at 1250IU or 2500IU (12-30IU/kg) monthly. TG (CAT), thromboelastometry (ROTEM), prothrombin fragments F1+2, fibrinogen and FXIII activity (FXIII:C) were measured at baseline and one-hour recovery. RESULTS FXIII was at the target level of 20±6IU/dL at the 4-week trough. rFXIII corrected FXIII to 98±15 and high-dose pdFXIII to a level of 90±6, whereas low-dose/half dose pdFXIII reached 45±4IU/dL. Although fibrinogen (Clauss Method) was normal, coagulation in FIBTEM was impaired, which FXIII administration tended to correct. CAT implied 1.6- to 1.9-fold enhanced TG, which FXIII administration normalized. Inhibition of fibrin polymerization by Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro peptide mimicked FXIII deficiency in CAT by enhancing TG both in control and FXIII recovery plasma. Antithrombin, α2-macroblobulin-thrombin complex and prothrombin were normal, whereas F1+2 were elevated compatible with in vivo TG. DISCUSSION FXIII deficiency impairs fibrinogen function and fibrin formation simultaneously enhancing TG on the poorly polymerizing fibrin strands, when fibrin's antithrombin I -like function is absent. Our study suggests an inverse link between low FXIII levels and enhanced TG modifying structure-function relationship of fibrin to support hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna H Pitkänen
- Helsinki University Hospital Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University, Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Jouppila
- Helsinki University Hospital Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Lemponen
- Coagulation Disorders Unit, Department of Haematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and HUSLAB and Laboratory Services HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Ilmakunnas
- Helsinki University, Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Ahonen
- Helsinki University, Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Maternity Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Lassila
- Coagulation Disorders Unit, Department of Haematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and HUSLAB and Laboratory Services HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Uddin MI, Islam S, Nishat NS, Hossain M, Rafique TA, Rashu R, Hoq MR, Zhang Y, Saha A, Harris JB, Calderwood SB, Bhuiyan TR, Ryan ET, Leung DT, Qadri F. Biomarkers of Environmental Enteropathy are Positively Associated with Immune Responses to an Oral Cholera Vaccine in Bangladeshi Children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005039. [PMID: 27824883 PMCID: PMC5100882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a poorly understood condition that refers to chronic alterations in intestinal permeability, absorption, and inflammation, which mainly affects young children in resource-limited settings. Recently, EE has been linked to suboptimal oral vaccine responses in children, although immunological mechanisms are poorly defined. The objective of this study was to determine host factors associated with immune responses to an oral cholera vaccine (OCV). We measured antibody and memory T cell immune responses to cholera antigens, micronutrient markers in blood, and EE markers in blood and stool from 40 Bangladeshi children aged 3-14 years who received two doses of OCV given 14 days apart. EE markers included stool myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alpha anti-trypsin (AAT), and plasma endotoxin core antibody (EndoCab), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (i-FABP), and soluble CD14 (sCD14). We used multiple linear regression analysis with LASSO regularization to identify host factors, including EE markers, micronutrient (nutritional) status, age, and HAZ score, predictive for each response of interest. We found stool MPO to be positively associated with IgG antibody responses to the B subunit of cholera toxin (P = 0.03) and IgA responses to LPS (P = 0.02); plasma sCD14 to be positively associated with LPS IgG responses (P = 0.07); plasma i-FABP to be positively associated with LPS IgG responses (P = 0.01) and with memory T cell responses specific to cholera toxin (P = 0.01); stool AAT to be negatively associated with IL-10 (regulatory) T cell responses specific to cholera toxin (P = 0.02), and plasma EndoCab to be negatively associated with cholera toxin-specific memory T cell responses (P = 0.02). In summary, in a cohort of children 3-14 years old, we demonstrated that the majority of biomarkers of environmental enteropathy were positively associated with immune responses after vaccination with an OCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikhtear Uddin
- Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Naoshin S. Nishat
- Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Motaher Hossain
- Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzeem Ahmed Rafique
- Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rasheduzzaman Rashu
- Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rubel Hoq
- Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Amit Saha
- Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jason B. Harris
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Calderwood
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel T. Leung
- Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Mucosal Immunology and Vaccinology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
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Kaplan G, Lee F, Onda M, Kolyvas E, Bhardwaj G, Baker D, Pastan I. Protection of the Furin Cleavage Site in Low-Toxicity Immunotoxins Based on Pseudomonas Exotoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E217. [PMID: 27463727 PMCID: PMC4999843 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8080217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are fusions of an Fv-based targeting moiety and a toxin. Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) has been used to make several immunotoxins that have been evaluated in clinical trials. Immunogenicity of the bacterial toxin and off-target toxicity have limited the efficacy of these immunotoxins. To address these issues, we have previously made RITs in which the Fv is connected to domain III (PE24) by a furin cleavage site (FCS), thereby removing unneeded sequences of domain II. However, the PE24 containing RITs do not contain the naturally occurring disulfide bond around the furin cleavage sequence, because it was removed when domain II was deleted. This could potentially allow PE24 containing immunotoxins to be cleaved and inactivated before internalization by cell surface furin or other proteases in the blood stream or tumor microenvironment. Here, we describe five new RITs in which a disulfide bond is engineered to protect the FCS. The most active of these, SS1-Fab-DS3-PE24, shows a longer serum half-life than an RIT without the disulfide bond and has the same anti-tumor activity, despite being less cytotoxic in vitro. These results have significance for the production of de-immunized, low toxicity, PE24-based immunotoxins with a longer serum half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Kaplan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Fred Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Masanori Onda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Emily Kolyvas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Gaurav Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Wu X, Nekka F, Li J. Steady-state volume of distribution of two-compartment models with simultaneous linear and saturated elimination. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2016; 43:447-59. [PMID: 27405818 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-016-9483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The model-independent estimation of physiological steady-state volume of distribution ([Formula: see text]), often referred to non-compartmental analysis (NCA), is historically based on the linear compartment model structure with central elimination. However the NCA-based steady-state volume of distribution ([Formula: see text]) cannot be generalized to more complex models. In the current paper, two-compartment models with simultaneous first-order and Michaelis-Menten elimination are considered. In particular, two indistinguishable models [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], both having central Michaelis-Menten elimination, while first-order elimination exclusively either from central or peripheral compartment, are studied. The model-based expressions of the steady-state volumes of distribution [Formula: see text] and their relationships to NCA-based [Formula: see text] are derived. The impact of non-linearity and peripheral elimination is explicitly delineated in the formulas. Being concerned with model identifiability and indistinguishability issues, an interval estimate of [Formula: see text] is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Fahima Nekka
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Centre de recherches mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Jun Li
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de recherches mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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40
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Yen CF, Harischandra DS, Kanthasamy A, Sivasankar S. Copper-induced structural conversion templates prion protein oligomerization and neurotoxicity. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600014. [PMID: 27419232 PMCID: PMC4942324 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Prion protein (PrP) misfolding and oligomerization are key pathogenic events in prion disease. Copper exposure has been linked to prion pathogenesis; however, its mechanistic basis is unknown. We resolve, with single-molecule precision, the molecular mechanism of Cu(2+)-induced misfolding of PrP under physiological conditions. We also demonstrate that misfolded PrPs serve as seeds for templated formation of aggregates, which mediate inflammation and degeneration of neuronal tissue. Using a single-molecule fluorescence assay, we demonstrate that Cu(2+) induces PrP monomers to misfold before oligomer assembly; the disordered amino-terminal region mediates this structural change. Single-molecule force spectroscopy measurements show that the misfolded monomers have a 900-fold higher binding affinity compared to the native isoform, which promotes their oligomerization. Real-time quaking-induced conversion demonstrates that misfolded PrPs serve as seeds that template amyloid formation. Finally, organotypic slice cultures show that misfolded PrPs mediate inflammation and degeneration of neuronal tissue. Our study establishes a direct link, at the molecular level, between copper exposure and PrP neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fu Yen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dilshan S. Harischandra
- Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Anumantha Kanthasamy
- Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sanjeevi Sivasankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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41
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Li BT, Lou E, Hsu M, Yu HA, Naidoo J, Zauderer MG, Sima C, Johnson ML, Daras M, DeAngelis LM, Fleisher M, Kris MG, Azzoli CG. Serum Biomarkers Associated with Clinical Outcomes Fail to Predict Brain Metastases in Patients with Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146063. [PMID: 26730601 PMCID: PMC4701719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancers account for the majority of brain metastases which pose major therapeutic challenges. Biomarkers prognosticating for the development of brain metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) may improve personalized care. Six serum proteomic biomarkers were previously investigated at Memorial Sloan Kettering but their associations with brain metastases were unknown. Methods Serum NSE, CYFRA 21–1, ProGRP, SCC-Ag, TIMP1, and HE4 by ELISA-based proteomic assays were prospectively collected from consecutive patients with stage IV NSCLC. Pre-treatment serum biomarker levels as well as age, histology, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status were evaluated for association with the baseline presence of brain metastases using logistic regression and multivariable analysis. For patients without brain metastases at baseline, the cumulative incidence of subsequent brain metastases were compared according to baseline biomarkers and clinical factors using Gray’s test. Results A total of 118 patients were enrolled, 31 (26%; 95% CI 0.19–0.35) had brain metastases at baseline and a further 26 (22%; 95% CI 0.15–0.30) developed brain metastases subsequently. Pre-treatment serum biomarker levels were available in 104 patients. There was no significant association between the six serum biomarkers and the baseline presence or subsequent development of brain metastases. Age younger than 65 years was the only clinical factor significantly associated with brain metastasis at baseline (OR 3.00; 95% CI 1.22–7.34, P = 0.02) by multivariable analysis. A trend toward increased cumulative incidence of subsequent brain metastases was observed in patients with EGFR mutation (p = 0.2), but this was not statistically significant possibly due to small sample size. Conclusions Serum NSE, CYFRA 21–1, Pro-GRP, SCC-Ag, TIMP1, and HE4 are not significantly associated with brain metastases. Our methods taking into account follow-up time may be applied to independent datasets to identify a patient cohort with a higher biologic propensity for developing brain metastases. Such information may be useful for the study of agents targeting the development of brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob T. Li
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 300 E 66th Street, 12 Floor, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 480, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States of America
| | - Meier Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 485 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, United States of America
| | - Helena A. Yu
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 300 E 66th Street, 12 Floor, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Jarushka Naidoo
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 300 E 66th Street, 12 Floor, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Marjorie G. Zauderer
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 300 E 66th Street, 12 Floor, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Camelia Sima
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 485 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, United States of America
| | - Melissa L. Johnson
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 300 E 66th Street, 12 Floor, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Mariza Daras
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. DeAngelis
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Martin Fleisher
- Clinical Chemistry Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Mark G. Kris
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 300 E 66th Street, 12 Floor, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Christopher G. Azzoli
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114–2696, United States of America
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Verbeek WHM, Korse CM, Tesselaar MET. GEP-NETs UPDATE: Secreting gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours and biomarkers. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:R1-7. [PMID: 26162406 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare tumours with an annual incidence in the population in a range of 2-5 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. NETs are widely variable in terms of anatomical location, hormone production, clinical behaviour and syndromes they can cause. This article reviews the many localizations and clinical presentations of NETs with a main focus on clinical biomarkers and their use in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieke H M Verbeek
- Departments of GastroenterologyClinical ChemistryMedical OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina M Korse
- Departments of GastroenterologyClinical ChemistryMedical OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margot E T Tesselaar
- Departments of GastroenterologyClinical ChemistryMedical OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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De Blasio MJ, Boije M, Kempster SL, Smith GCS, Charnock-Jones DS, Denyer A, Hughes A, Wooding FBP, Blache D, Fowden AL, Forhead AJ. Leptin Matures Aspects of Lung Structure and Function in the Ovine Fetus. Endocrinology 2016; 157:395-404. [PMID: 26479186 PMCID: PMC4701894 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In human and ovine fetuses, glucocorticoids stimulate leptin secretion, although the extent to which leptin mediates the maturational effects of glucocorticoids on pulmonary development is unclear. This study investigated the effects of leptin administration on indices of lung structure and function before birth. Chronically catheterized singleton sheep fetuses were infused iv for 5 days with either saline or recombinant ovine leptin (0.5 mg/kg · d leptin (LEP), 0.5 LEP or 1.0 mg/kg · d, 1.0 LEP) from 125 days of gestation (term ∼145 d). Over the infusion, leptin administration increased plasma leptin, but not cortisol, concentrations. On the fifth day of infusion, 0.5 LEP reduced alveolar wall thickness and increased the volume at closing pressure of the pressure-volume deflation curve, interalveolar septal elastin content, secondary septal crest density, and the mRNA abundance of the leptin receptor (Ob-R) and surfactant protein (SP) B. Neither treatment influenced static lung compliance, maximal lung volume at 40 cmH2O, lung compartment volumes, alveolar surface area, pulmonary glycogen, protein content of the long form signaling Ob-Rb or phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription-3, or mRNA levels of SP-A, C, or D, elastin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, angiotensin-converting enzyme, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, or parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Leptin administration in the ovine fetus during late gestation promotes aspects of lung maturation, including up-regulation of SP-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles J De Blasio
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Boije
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Kempster
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon C S Smith
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - D Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Denyer
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Hughes
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - F B Peter Wooding
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Blache
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Forhead
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (M.J.D.B., M.B., A.D., A.H., F.B.P.W., A.L.F., A.J.F.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine (S.L.K.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (G.C.S.S., D.S.C.-J.), University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0SW, United Kingdom; School of Animal Biology (D.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 60095; and Department of Biological and Medical Sciences (A.J.F.), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
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Waters EK, Hilden I, Sørensen BB, Ezban M, Holm PK. Thrombin generation assay using factor XIa to measure factors VIII and IX and their glycoPEGylated derivatives is robust and sensitive. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:2041-52. [PMID: 26340413 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional coagulation factor assays are associated with certain limitations, as they do not always reflect the clinical heterogeneity of bleeding in hemophilic patients or correctly reflect the individual patient response to treatment with bypassing agents or novel factor concentrates. The thrombin generation assay (TGA) is currently being assessed as a possible method for characterizing bleeding phenotypes in individuals with hemophilia. OBJECTIVES This study assessed the robustness and sensitivity of the TGA for measuring the activity of recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII), recombinant factor IX (rFIX) and their glycoPEGylated derivatives, N8-GP and N9-GP, in vitro. METHODS Factor-deficient plasma was spiked with 0.13-130 IU dL(-1) rFVIII or N8-GP (hemophilia A [HA] plasma), or rFIX or N9-GP (hemophilia B [HB] plasma). A calibrated automated thrombogram triggered with tissue factor (TF) or activated FXI (FXIa) was used to measure thrombin generation over time. Endogenous thrombin potential, peak thrombin, velocity index, lag time and time to peak thrombin were analyzed. RESULTS FXIa-triggered assays were not affected by glycoPEGylation and were sufficiently sensitive to differentiate between spiked samples mimicking severe and moderate HB and HA; TF-triggered assays were not sufficiently sensitive for this distinction in HA. Both FXIa-triggered and TF-triggered assays had an acceptable level of variability (≤ 20%), although TF-triggered assays were associated with greater variability. CONCLUSIONS FXIa-triggered TGA reactions produced more robust and sensitive results than TF-triggered TGA reactions, and have the potential for use in monitoring patients treated with glycoPEGylated or non-PEGylated coagulation factor concentrates. These promising results merit confirmation with clinical samples to correlate in vitro and in vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Waters
- Hemophilia Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - I Hilden
- Hemophilia Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - B B Sørensen
- Hemophilia Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - M Ezban
- Hemophilia Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - P K Holm
- Hemophilia Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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45
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O'Brien SH, Yee DL, Lira J, Goldenberg NA, Young G. UNBLOCK: an open-label, dose-finding, pharmacokinetic and safety study of bivalirudin in children with deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1615-22. [PMID: 26180006 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct thrombin inhibitors offer potential advantages over unfractionated heparin but have been poorly studied in children. OBJECTIVES To determine appropriate dosing of bivalirudin in children and adolescents and the relationship between activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and plasma bivalirudin concentration. PATIENTS/METHODS The UNBLOCK (UtilizatioN of BivaLirudin On Clots in Kids) study was an open-label, single-arm, dose-finding, pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy study of bivalirudin for the acute treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in children aged 6 months to 18 years. Drug initiation consisted of a bolus dose (0.125 mg kg(-1) ) followed by continuous infusion (0.125 mg kg h(-1) ). Dose adjustments were based on the APTT, targeting a range of 1.5-2.5 times each patient's baseline APTT. Safety was assessed by specific bleeding endpoints and efficacy by repeat imaging at 48-72 h and 25-35 days. RESULTS Eighteen patients completed the study. Following the bolus dose and the initial infusion rate, most patients' APTT values were within the target range. The infusion rate bivalirudin correlated more closely with drug concentration than the APTT. At 48-72 h, nine (50%) patients had complete or partial thrombus resolution, increasing to 16 (89%) at 25-35 days. No major and one minor bleeding event occurred. CONCLUSIONS Bivalirudin demonstrated reassuring safety and noteworthy efficacy in terms of early clot resolution in children and adolescents with DVT. Although a widely available and familiar monitoring tool, the APTT correlates poorly with plasma bivalirudin concentration, possibly limiting its utility in managing pediatric patients receiving bivalirudin for DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H O'Brien
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Nationwide Children's Hospital/The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D L Yee
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology-Oncology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Lira
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N A Goldenberg
- Division of Hematology, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- All Children's Research Institute, All Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - G Young
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Qi Y, Musson DG, Schweighardt B, Tompkins T, Jesaitis L, Shaywitz AJ, Yang K, O'Neill CA. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of elosulfase alfa, an enzyme replacement therapy in patients with Morquio A syndrome. Clin Pharmacokinet 2015; 53:1137-47. [PMID: 25234648 PMCID: PMC4243006 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-014-0173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Morquio A syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IVA; MPS IVA) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase, an enzyme required for degradation of the glycosaminoglycan keratan sulfate. Enzyme replacement therapy with elosulfase alfa provides a potential therapy for Morquio A syndrome. We analyzed the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of elosulfase alfa in Morquio A patients from a phase III clinical trial. Methods In a randomized double-blind study, elosulfase alfa at 2.0 mg/kg was administrated weekly or every other week for 24 weeks. Pharmacokinetic parameters of elosulfase alfa were determined at weeks 0 and 22 by non-compartmental analysis. Safety was assessed throughout the study. The relationship of pharmacokinetic parameters to patient demographics, pharmacodynamic assessments, immunogenicity, and efficacy and safety outcomes were assessed graphically by treatment group. Results Elosulfase alfa exposure and half-life (t½) increased for both dose regimens during the study. There appeared to be no consistent trend between drug clearance (CL) and patient’s sex, race, body weight, or age. All patients developed anti-drug antibodies, but no association was noted between total antibody titer and CL. In contrast, positive neutralizing antibody (NAb) status appeared to associate with decreased CL and prolonged t½ for patients in the cohort dosed weekly. NAb may interfere with receptor-mediated cellular uptake and lead to increased circulation time of elosulfase alfa. Conclusion Despite the association between NAb and decreased drug clearance, neither dosing cohort showed associations between drug exposure and change in urinary keratan sulfate, 6-min walk test distances, or the occurrence of adverse events. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40262-014-0173-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Qi
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., 105 Digital Dr, Novato, CA, 94949, USA,
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Morcos PN, Leong R, Thommes JA, DePamphilis J, Grippo JF, Brennan BJ. Induction dosing of peginterferon alfa-2a (40 KD) and/or high-dose ribavirin in genotype 1 CHC patients with difficult-to-treat characteristics: pharmacokinetic and viral kinetic (PK/VK) assessment from PROGRESS. Hepatogastroenterology 2015; 62:11-18. [PMID: 25911859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS PROGRESS randomized chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients with a baseline viral load ≥400,000 IU/mL weighing ≥85 kg to regimens of 180 μg/week for 48 weeks or 360 μg/week for 12 weeks followed by 180 μg/week for 36 weeks peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin. This analysis explored pharmacokinetics and early viral kinetics (VK) and evaluates differences between groups. METHODOLOGY Blood samples for pharmacokinetic and VK analyses were collected from 51 patients enrolled in the PROGRESS study. RESULTS Mean peginterferon alfa-2a trough concentration at week 12 was 11.7±4.3 ng/mL for 180 μg and 23.4±11.3 ng/mL for 360 μg. Early VK profiles suggested a trend towards an enhanced viral decline in the 360 μg groups with a mean decrease in HCV RNA at 48 hours post first dose of 1.04 log10 (IU/mL) compared with 0.76 log10 (IU/mL) in the 180 μg groups. Mean beta slope increased with dose, ranging from 0.38±0.26 log10 IU/week at 180 μg to 0.52±0.32 log10 IU/week at 360 μg. CONCLUSIONS Early viral de clines may be enhanced with the 360 μg dose. These data may suggest the utility of high-dose peginterfer on alfa-2a plus direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in select difficult-to-treat populations.
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Aachmann-Andersen NJ, Just Christensen S, Lisbjerg K, Oturai P, Meinild-Lundby AK, Holstein-Rathlou NH, Lundby C, Vidiendal Olsen N. Recombinant erythropoietin in humans has a prolonged effect on circulating erythropoietin isoform distribution. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110903. [PMID: 25335123 PMCID: PMC4204994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane-assisted isoform immunoassay (MAIIA) quantitates erythropoietin (EPO) isoforms as percentages of migrated isoforms (PMI). We evaluated the effect of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) on the distribution of EPO isoforms in plasma in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over study. 16 healthy subjects received either low-dose Epoetin beta (5000 IU on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13); high-dose Epoetin beta (30.000 IU on days 1, 2 and 3 and placebo on days 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13); or placebo on all days. PMI on days 4, 11 and 25 was determined by interaction of N-acetyl glucosamine with the glycosylation dependent desorption of EPO isoforms. At day 25, plasma-EPO in both rhEPO groups had returned to values not different from the placebo group. PMI with placebo, reflecting the endogenous EPO isoforms, averaged 82.5 (10.3) % (mean (SD)). High-dose Epoetin beta decreased PMI on days 4 and 11 to 31.0 (4.2)% (p<0.00001) and 45.2 (7.3)% (p<0.00001). Low-dose Epoetin beta decreased PMI on days 4 and 11 to 46.0 (12.8)% (p<0.00001) and 46.1 (10.4)% (p<0.00001). In both rhEPO groups, PMI on day 25 was still decreased (high-dose Epoetin beta: 72.9 (19.4)% (p = 0.029); low-dose Epoetin beta: 73.1 (17.8)% (p = 0.039)). In conclusion, Epoetin beta leaves a footprint in the plasma-EPO isoform pattern. MAIIA can detect changes in EPO isoform distribution up til at least three weeks after administration of Epoetin beta even though the total EPO concentration has returned to normal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Søren Just Christensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Lisbjerg
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Oturai
- Clinic of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Centre of Clinical Investigation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Kristine Meinild-Lundby
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Institute of Physiology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Carsten Lundby
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Institute of Physiology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Niels Vidiendal Olsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Einarsdóttir IE, Gong N, Jönsson E, Sundh H, Hasselberg-Frank L, Nilsen TO, Stefansson SO, Sundell K, Björnsson BT. Plasma growth hormone-binding protein levels in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar during smoltification and seawater transfer. J Fish Biol 2014; 85:1279-1296. [PMID: 25159100 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Specific growth hormone (GH)-binding protein (Ghbp) was purified from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss plasma with immunoprecipitation and characterized in cross-linking studies using autoradiography and western blots. The size of the Ghbp was estimated to be c. 53 kDa. A radioimmunoassay was established to measure Ghbp in salmonids, using antibodies specific against the extracellular segment of the S. salar growth hormone receptor 1 (grh1; GenBank AY462105). Plasma Ghbp levels were measured in S. salar smolts in fresh water and after transfer to seawater (SW; experiments 1 and 2), and in post-smolts kept at different salinities (0, 12, 22 and 34) for 3 months (experiment 3). A transient increase in plasma Ghbp, which lasted for 1 month or less, was noted in smolts after transfer to SW. Concomitantly, plasma GH and gill Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase activity increased during smoltification (in experiment 2). No difference in plasma Ghbp was evident between post-smolts kept at different salinities, although the fish kept at salinity 34 had higher plasma GH than the group kept at salinity 22 and higher hepatic ghr1 expression than post-smolts kept at salinity 12. This suggests that plasma Ghbp regulation may respond to salinity changes in the short term. The lack of correlation between Ghbp, plasma GH and hepatic ghr1 expression in the long-term post-smolt experiment indicates that Ghbp levels may be regulated independently of other components of the endocrine GH system in salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Einarsdóttir
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Medicinaregatan 18, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
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50
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Korse CM, Holdenrieder S, Zhi XY, Zhang X, Qiu L, Geistanger A, Lisy MR, Wehnl B, van den Broek D, Escudero JM, Standop J, Hu M, Molina R. Multicenter evaluation of a new progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) immunoassay across Europe and China. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 438:388-95. [PMID: 25262909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a multicenter evaluation of the Elecsys® progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) immunoassay in Europe and China. METHODS The assay was evaluated at three European and two Chinese sites by imprecision, stability, method comparison and differentiation potential in lung cancer. RESULTS Intermediate imprecision across five analyte concentrations ranged from 2.2% to 6.0% coefficient of variation. Good stability for plasma and serum samples was shown for various storage conditions. There was excellent correlation between the Elecsys® and ARCHITECT assays in plasma (slope 1.02, intercept -2.72pg/mL). The Elecsys® assay also showed good correlation between serum and plasma samples (slope 0.93, intercept 2.35pg/mL; correlation coefficient 0.97). ProGRP differentiated small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; area under the curve 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.93; 78.3% sensitivity, 95% specificity; at 84pg/mL), with no relevant effects of ethnicity, age, gender or smoking. Median ProGRP concentrations were low in benign diseases (38pg/mL), other malignancies (40pg/mL) or NSCLC (39pg/mL), except chronic kidney disease above stage 3 (>100pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS Increased stability of the Elecsys® ProGRP assay in serum and plasma offers clear benefits over existing assays. This first evaluation of a ProGRP assay in China demonstrated comparable differentiation potential among different ethnicities.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Area Under Curve
- Asian People
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/ethnology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/ethnology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- China
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Europe
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoassay/standards
- Lung Neoplasms/blood
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/ethnology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Peptide Fragments/blood
- Recombinant Proteins/blood
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- White People
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina M Korse
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- University Hospital Bonn and Center of Integrative Oncology Cologne/Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn 25-53127, Germany.
| | - Xiu-yi Zhi
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), 1Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Ling Qiu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), 1Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
| | | | | | - Birgit Wehnl
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany.
| | - Daan van den Broek
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands.
| | - José M Escudero
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Jens Standop
- University Hospital Bonn and Center of Integrative Oncology Cologne/Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn 25-53127, Germany.
| | - Mu Hu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Rafael Molina
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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