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Hooten JN, Cheng R, Selim MA, Hall RP, Cardones AR. Opportunistic cutaneous fungal infections in the inpatient setting. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:e223-6. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Robles FE, Deb S, Wilson JW, Gainey CS, Selim MA, Mosca PJ, Tyler DS, Fischer MC, Warren WS. Pump-probe imaging of pigmented cutaneous melanoma primary lesions gives insight into metastatic potential. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3631-45. [PMID: 26417529 PMCID: PMC4574685 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is associated with a poor prognosis, but no method reliably predicts which melanomas of a given stage will ultimately metastasize and which will not. While sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has emerged as the most powerful predictor of metastatic disease, the majority of people dying from metastatic melanoma still have a negative SLNB. Here we analyze pump-probe microscopy images of thin biopsy slides of primary melanomas to assess their metastatic potential. Pump-probe microscopy reveals detailed chemical information of melanin with subcellular spatial resolution. Quantification of the molecular signatures without reference standards is achieved using a geometrical representation of principal component analysis. Melanin structure is analyzed in unison with the chemical information by applying principles of mathematical morphology. Results show that melanin in metastatic primary lesions has lower chemical diversity than non-metastatic primary lesions, and contains two distinct phenotypes that are indicative of aggressive disease. Further, the mathematical morphology analysis reveals melanin in metastatic primary lesions has a distinct "dusty" quality. Finally, a statistical analysis shows that the combination of the chemical information with spatial structures predicts metastatic potential with much better sensitivity than SLNB and high specificity, suggesting pump-probe microscopy can be an important tool to help predict the metastatic potential of melanomas.
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Brys AK, Schneider MM, Selim MA, Mosca PJ. Sentinel lymph node biopsy following a rotational flap. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-210762. [PMID: 26174732 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-210762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a critical component of melanoma management. Extensive prior surgery at the site of a primary melanoma is considered a relative contraindication for SLNB. While evidence suggests that SLNB may be performed accurately even in those patients who have undergone prior wide local excision, it is less clear whether patients who have undergone more extensive surgical procedures, particularly flap reconstructions, can benefit from this procedure. We report a case of a patient who had undergone surgical removal of a primary melanoma and subsequent reconstruction with a rotational flap in whom a SLNB was performed successfully, which revealed nodal metastasis, suggesting that SLNB may remain an appropriate option in carefully selected patients who have previously undergone extensive surgery at site of primary disease.
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McKinnon EL, Rand AJ, Selim MA, Fuchs HE, Buckley AF, Cummings TJ. Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma presenting as a sacral skin tag in two neonates with spinal dysraphism. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 42:774-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ibrahim MM, Bond J, Bergeron A, Miller KJ, Ehanire T, Quiles C, Lorden ER, Medina MA, Fisher M, Klitzman B, Selim MA, Leong KW, Levinson H. A novel immune competent murine hypertrophic scar contracture model: a tool to elucidate disease mechanism and develop new therapies. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 22:755-64. [PMID: 25327261 PMCID: PMC4304906 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HSc) contraction following burn injury causes contractures. Contractures are painful and disfiguring. Current therapies are marginally effective. To study pathogenesis and develop new therapies, a murine model is needed. We have created a validated immune-competent murine HSc model. A third-degree burn was created on dorsum of C57BL/6 mice. Three days postburn, tissue was excised and grafted with ear skin. Graft contraction was analyzed and tissue harvested on different time points. Outcomes were compared with human condition to validate the model. To confirm graft survival, green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice were used, and histologic analysis was performed to differentiate between ear and back skin. Role of panniculus carnosus in contraction was analyzed. Cellularity was assessed with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Collagen maturation was assessed with Picro-sirius red. Mast cells were stained with Toluidine blue. Macrophages were detected with F4/80 immune. Vascularity was assessed with CD31 immune. RNA for contractile proteins was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Elastic moduli of skin and scar tissue were analyzed using a microstrain analyzer. Grafts contracted to ∼45% of their original size by day 14 and maintained their size. Grafting of GFP mouse skin onto wild-type mice, and analysis of dermal thickness and hair follicle density, confirmed graft survival. Interestingly, hair follicles disappeared after grafting and regenerated in ear skin configuration by day 30. Radiological analysis revealed that panniculus carnosus doesn't contribute to contraction. Microscopic analyses showed that grafts show increase in cellularity. Granulation tissue formed after day 3. Collagen analysis revealed increases in collagen maturation over time. CD31 stain revealed increased vascularity. Macrophages and mast cells were increased. qRT-PCR showed up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta, alpha smooth muscle actin, and rho-associated protein kinase 2 in HSc. Tensile testing revealed that human skin and scar tissues are tougher than mouse skin and scar tissues.
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Baker GM, Selim MA, Hoang MP. Vulvar Adnexal Lesions: A 32-Year, Single-Institution Review From Massachusetts General Hospital. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013; 137:1237-46. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0434-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Context.—Because the skin and modified mucosal surfaces of the vulvar region contain dense apocrine glands and anogenital mammary-like glands, in addition to eccrine glands and folliculosebaceous units, benign as well as malignant lesions derived from these adnexal structures are, not surprisingly, found in the vulva. However, their incidence occurring in the vulva has not been reported, to our knowledge.
Objective.—To determine the incidence of various vulvar adnexal lesions.
Design.—We performed a retrospective review (1978–2010) of the cases at our institution.
Results.—A total of 189 vulvar adnexal lesions were identified. Most of these lesions were benign (133 of 189; 70%), with hidradenoma papilliferum being the most common, followed by syringoma and various types of cysts. Rare cases of tubular adenoma, poroma, spiradenoma, hidradenoma, cylindroma, sebaceoma, and trichoepithelioma were identified. Malignant adnexal neoplasms comprised the remaining 30% (56 of 189) of the cases. Extramammary Paget disease was the most common (49 of 56), and 29% (14 of 49) demonstrated an invasive component. Rare cases of basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and spiradenocarcinoma were identified.
Conclusions.—In this retrospective review, we identified several benign entities that have not been previously reported on the vulva, namely pilomatricoma, poroma, spiradenoma, and sebaceoma. Hidradenoma papilliferum and extramammary Paget disease were the most common benign and malignant adnexal neoplasms, respectively. The spectrum of various vulvar adnexal lesions appears to reflect the frequency of the underlying glandular elements.
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Ladizinski B, Bazakas A, Selim MA, Olsen EA. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a retrospective review of 19 patients seen at Duke University. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 68:749-55. [PMID: 23375454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a type of scarring hair loss primarily observed in postmenopausal women and characterized by fronto-tempero-parietal hairline recession, perifollicular erythema, and loss of eyebrows. The incidence is unknown, but the number of women presenting with this condition has significantly increased in recent years. No effective therapy has been established. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to present pertinent demographic and clinical findings of patients with FFA seen at an academic hair loss clinic and their responses to various therapeutic interventions. METHODS Patients seen at the Duke University Hair Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Durham, NC, between 2004 and 2011 who met FFA inclusion criteria and signed an informed consent form for participation in the Duke University Hair Disorders Research and Treatment Center database were included in this review. RESULTS Nineteen female patients with FFA met our inclusion criteria, the majority of whom were white and postmenopausal. A number of treatments, including topical and intralesional steroids, antibiotics, and immunomodulators, were used with disappointing results in most patients. However, the majority of patients on dutasteride experienced disease stabilization. LIMITATIONS This was a retrospective review and outside clinic records were occasionally incomplete. CONCLUSIONS FFA is an increasingly common form of scarring hair loss, but the origin remains unknown. Without clear understanding of the pathogenesis and evolution of this condition, it is not surprising that treatments to date have been minimally or not effective. At our institution, dutasteride was most effective in halting disease progression, although no therapy was associated with significant hair regrowth.
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Mahalingam M, Richards JE, Selim MA, Muzikansky A, Hoang MP. An immunohistochemical comparison of cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 15, cytokeratin 19, CAM 5.2, carcinoembryonic antigen, and nestin in differentiating porocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:1265-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Beasley GM, Coleman AP, Raymond A, Sanders G, Selim MA, Peterson BL, Brady MS, Davies MA, Augustine C, Tyler DS. A phase I multi-institutional study of systemic sorafenib in conjunction with regional melphalan for in-transit melanoma of the extremity. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 19:3896-3905. [PMID: 22549288 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated limb infusion with melphalan (ILI-M) corrected for ideal body weight (IBW) is a well-tolerated treatment for patients with in-transit extremity melanoma with an approximate 29 % complete response (CR) rate. Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, has been shown to augment tumor response to chemotherapy in preclinical studies. METHODS A multi-institutional, dose-escalation, phase I study was performed to evaluate the safety and antitumor activity of sorafenib in combination with ILI-M. Patients with AJCC stage IIIB/IIIC/IV melanoma were treated with sorafenib starting at 400 mg daily for 7 days before and 7 days after ILI-M corrected for IBW. Toxicity, drug pharmacokinetics, and tumor protein expression changes were measured and correlated with clinical response at 3 months. RESULTS A total of 20 patients were enrolled at two institutions. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of sorafenib in combination with ILI-M was 400 mg. Four dose-limiting toxicities occurred, including soft tissue ulcerations and compartment syndrome. There were three CRs (15 %) and four partial responses (20 %). Of patients with the Braf mutation, 83 % (n = 6) progressed compared with only 33 % without (n = 12). Short-term sorafenib treatment did alter protein expression as measured with reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis, but did not inhibit protein expression in the MAP kinase pathway. Sorafenib did not alter melphalan pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSION This trial defined the MTD of systemically administered sorafenib in combination with ILI-M. Although some responses were seen, the addition of sorafenib to ILI-M did not appear to augment the effects of melphalan but did increase regional toxicity.
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Singletary HL, Selim MA, Olsen E. Subcutaneous Interferon Alfa for the Treatment of Cutaneous Pseudolymphoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 148:572-4. [DOI: 10.1001/archdermatol.2011.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
Eruptive vellus hairs cysts are benign papules consisting of small cysts containing multiple vellus hairs. An eruption commonly develops on the chest and sometimes the upper extremities. These papules are asymptomatic or rarely pruritic. Only a few cases of familial association have been described. We report the development of eruptive vellus hair cysts on the trunk of an 8- and 12-year-old sister and brother.
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Melek FR, Tadros MM, Yousif F, Selim MA, Hassan MH. Screening of marine extracts for schistosomicidal activity in vitro. Isolation of the triterpene glycosides echinosides A and B with potential activity from the Sea Cucumbers Actinopyga echinites and Holothuria polii. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:490-496. [PMID: 22136393 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.615842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug available for the treatment of schistosomiasis. The reported reduced cure rates, the failure of treatment after PZQ administration in patients and the existence of resistant parasite strains, reinforce the need to rapidly discover new effective molecules against Schistosoma parasite. OBJECTIVE To screen the methanol extracts of 79 marine organisms for their schistosomicidal activities against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms in vitro and perform bio-assay directed chromatography for the most active extracts to isolate the active compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Screening of the marine organisms and bio-assay directed chromatography of the most active extracts together with identification of the active isolates using 1D and 2D NMR analysis, were investigated. RESULTS RESULTS indicated that the isolates echinosides A and B from the sea cucumbers Actinopyga echinites Jaeger and Holothuria polii Delle Chiaie (Holothuriidae) were highly active. Their LC(50) values were equal to 0.19 μg/ml and 0.27 μg/ml, respectively. Detailed (1)HNMR data for echinosides A and B are reported here for the first time. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the isolated echinosides possess potential in vitro schistosomicidal activity against S. mansoni adult worms. Therefore, echinosides are promising as lead compounds for the development of new schistosomicidal agents.
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Bond JE, Bergeron A, Thurlow P, Selim MA, Bowers EV, Kuang A, Levinson H. Angiotensin-II mediates nonmuscle myosin II activation and expression and contributes to human keloid disease progression. Mol Med 2011; 17:1196-203. [PMID: 21792479 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant fibroblast migration in response to fibrogenic peptides plays a significant role in keloid pathogenesis. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an octapeptide hormone recently implicated as a mediator of organ fibrosis and cutaneous repair. Ang II promotes cell migration but its role in keloid fibroblast phenotypic behavior has not been studied. We investigated Ang II signaling in keloid fibroblast behavior as a potential mechanism of disease. Primary human keloid fibroblasts were stimulated to migrate in the presence of Ang II and Ang II receptor 1 (AT₁), Ang II receptor 2 (AT₂) or nonmuscle myosin II (NMM II) antagonists. Keloid and the surrounding normal dermis were immunostained for NMM IIA, NMM IIB, AT₂ and AT₁ expression. Primary human keloid fibroblasts were stimulated to migrate with Ang II and the increased migration was inhibited by the AT₁ antagonist EMD66684, but not the AT₂ antagonist PD123319. Inhibition of the promigratory motor protein NMM II by addition of the specific NMM II antagonist blebbistatin inhibited Ang II-stimulated migration. Ang II stimulation of NMM II protein expression was prevented by AT₁ blockade but not by AT₂ antagonists. Immunostaining demonstrated increased NMM IIA, NMM IIB and AT₁ expression in keloid fibroblasts compared with scant staining in normal surrounding dermis. AT₂ immunostaining was absent in keloid and normal human dermal fibroblasts. These results indicate that Ang II mediates keloid fibroblast migration and possibly pathogenesis through AT₁ activation and upregulation of NMM II.
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Waiters RW, Soler AP, Selim MA. Kaposi sarcoma presenting as yellow-green penile plaques in a black man with HIV. Cutis 2011; 88:14-16. [PMID: 21877501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma characteristically presents with violaceous papules, plaques, or nodules due to the vascular nature of the lesions. We present the case of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive black man with yellow-green penile plaques. Biopsy results revealed leukoedema and slitlike vascular spaces. Immunohistochemistry was positive for CD31 and CD34. He was treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the penile plaques improved. Localized yellow-green penile plaques are an uncommon presentation of the well-known clinical entity, Kaposi sarcoma. This case underscores the varied clinical presentations that can occur in skin of color and the importance of histopathology in the assessment of uncharacteristic clinical presentations, especially in immunosuppressed patients.
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Matthews TE, Piletic IR, Selim MA, Simpson MJ, Warren WS. Pump-probe imaging differentiates melanoma from melanocytic nevi. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:71ra15. [PMID: 21346168 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma diagnosis is clinically challenging: the accuracy of visual inspection by dermatologists is highly variable and heavily weighted toward false positives. Even the current gold standard of biopsy results in varying diagnoses among pathologists. We have developed a multiphoton technique (based on pump-probe spectroscopy) that directly determines the microscopic distribution of eumelanin and pheomelanin in pigmented lesions of human skin. Our initial results showed a marked difference in the chemical variety of melanin between nonmalignant nevi and melanoma, as well as a number of substantial architectural differences. We examined slices from 42 pigmented lesions and found that melanomas had an increased eumelanin content compared to nonmalignant nevi. When used as a diagnostic criterion, the ratio of eumelanin to pheomelanin captured all investigated melanomas but excluded three-quarters of dysplastic nevi and all benign dermal nevi. Additional evaluation of architectural and cytological features revealed by multiphoton imaging, including the maturation of melanocytes, presence of pigmented melanocytes in the dermis, number and location of melanocytic nests, and confluency of pigmented cells in the epidermis, further increased specificity, allowing rejection of more than half of the remaining false-positive results. We then adapted this multiphoton imaging technique to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides. By adding melanin chemical contrast to H&E-stained slides, pathologists will gain complementary information to increase the ease and accuracy of melanoma diagnosis.
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Miliani de Marval P, Lutfeali S, Jin JY, Leshin B, Selim MA, Zhang JY. CYLD inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis by blocking JNK/AP1 signaling at multiple levels. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:851-9. [PMID: 21478324 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CYLD has been recognized as a tumor suppressor due to its dominant genetic linkage to multiple types of epidermal tumors and a range of other cancers. The molecular mechanisms governing CYLD control of skin cancer are still unclear. Here, we showed that K14-driven epidermal expression of a patient-relevant and catalytically deficient CYLD truncated mutant (CYLD(m)) sensitized mice to skin tumor development in response to 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA)/(12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) TPA challenge. Tumors developed on transgenic mice were prone to malignant progression and lymph node metastasis and displayed increased activation of c-Jun-NH2-kinase (JNK) and the downstream c-Jun and c-Fos proteins. Most importantly, topical application of a pharmacologic JNK inhibitor significantly reduced tumor development and abolished metastasis in the transgenic mice. Further in line with these animal data, exogenous expression of CYLD(m) in A431, a human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line, markedly enhanced cell growth, migration, and subcutaneous tumor growth in an AP1-depdendent manner. In contrast, expression of the wild-type CYLD inhibited SCC tumorigenesis and AP1 function. Most importantly, CYLD(m) not only increased JNK activation but also induced an upregulation of K63 ubiquitination on both c-Jun and c-Fos, leading to sustained AP1 activation. Our findings uncovered c-Jun and c-Fos as novel CYLD targets and underscore that CYLD controls epidermal tumorigenesis through blocking the JNK/AP1 signaling pathway at multiple levels.
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Raymond AK, Puri PK, Selim MA, Tyler DS, Nelson KC. Regional Squamous Cell Carcinomas Following Systemic Sorafenib Therapy and Isolated Limb Infusion for Regionally Advanced Metastatic Melanoma of the Limb. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 146:1438-9. [DOI: 10.1001/archdermatol.2010.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Miyase T, Melek FR, Warashina T, Selim MA, El Fiki NM, Kassem IAA. Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins acylated with monoterpenic acids from fruits of Gleditsia caspica Desf. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:1908-1916. [PMID: 20801465 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Four bisdesmosidic triterpenoid saponins named caspicaosides A-D, were isolated from the fruits of Gleditsia caspica Desf. Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy including HOHAHA, ¹H-¹H COSY, ROE, HMQC, HMBC experiments and HRFAB-MS as well as acid hydrolysis. The four 3,28-O-bisdesmosidic triterpenoid saponins comprised echinocystic acid as the aglycone and common oligosaccharide moieties at C3 and C28. The saccharide moiety at C-3 was identified as β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl while that at C-28 was determined as β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-]β-D-glucopyranosyl. The pentasaccharide moiety linked to C-28 was acylated with monoterpenic acid and or monoterpene-arabinoside moieties at C-2 or C-2 and C-3 of the terminal rhamnose unit. The isolated saponins were assayed for their in vitro cytotoxicities against the three human tumor cell lines HepG2, A549 and HT29 using MTT method. The results showed that caspicaosides B and C bearing two and three monoterpene units, respectively, exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against the used cell lines with IC₅₀ values 1.5-6.5 μM. Caspicaosides A and D with one monoterpene unit exhibited significant cytotoxic activities on HepG2 cell line with IC₅₀ values equal to 4.5 and 5.4 μM, respectively, and IC₅₀ values > 10 μM against the other two cell lines. The number of monoterpene units seems to play a main role in determining the activity.
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Papalas JA, Robboy SJ, Burchette JL, Foo WC, Selim MA. Acquired vulvar lymphangioma circumscriptum: a comparison of 12 cases with Crohn's associated lesions or radiation therapy induced tumors. J Cutan Pathol 2010; 37:958-65. [PMID: 20653826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is a benign lesion of lymphatic origin. Vulvar involvement occurs in various clinical settings. METHODS We present 12 cases, and compare lesions in patients with Crohn's disease and those associated with pelvic radiation. RESULTS The average age at presentation was 49 years. Thirty-three percent of the patients had Crohn's disease, 58% had radiation therapy and 9% had no significant medical history. Sixty-seven percent of the patients had multifocal lesions in anatomically distinct regions. Patients presented on average 16 years after onset of predisposing factors. Presenting complaints were pruritus, wetness and vulvar edema. Lesions were clinically heterogeneous, often found on the labia majora. Lesions consisted of dilated lymphatic channels at the junction of the reticular and papillary dermis. The cells lining these spaces lacked cytologic atypicality or mitotic activity. All lesions so examined were immunoreactive for D240. Patients were most often treated with surgical excision followed by laser ablation. Four of twelve patients, all with radiation-associated lesions, experienced disease progression necessitating additional surgery. CONCLUSIONS Patients with LC secondary to radiation, when compared to those with Crohn's disease, were 10 years younger, more likely to have associated co-morbidities, and frequently experienced disease progression needing additional surgeries. Acquired vulvar LC has multiple causes with differing prognosis.
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Puri PK, Leilani Valdes C, Angelica Selim M, Bentley RC. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis diagnosed via skin biopsy. J Clin Neurosci 2010; 17:1585-7. [PMID: 20800490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We aim to report that skin biopsy, a non-invasive test by neurological standards, may lead to a diagnosis. A 4-year-old male presented with a 2-year history of epilepsy and progressive developmental regression. The patient had a mildly elevated ammonia level; however, evaluation for the accumulation of excess serum amino acids and evaluation of urine for organic acids was negative. MRI revealed cerebral atrophy, and an electroencephalogram demonstrated multifocal sharp and slow waves. Due to the progressive degenerative neurologic presentation, a neurologic storage disease was favored. An axillary skin biopsy was performed, revealing eosinophilic intra-cytoplasmic inclusions within the eccrine glands. A periodic acid-Schiff stain also highlighted these inclusions. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated characteristic multiple membrane-bound inclusions within the eccrine epithelial cells, containing curvilinear inclusion material characteristic of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. The clinical, histological, electron microscopic and enzymatic studies were diagnostic of late-infantile onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
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Augustine CK, Toshimitsu H, Jung SH, Zipfel PA, Yoo JS, Yoshimoto Y, Selim MA, Burchette J, Beasley GM, McMahon N, Padussis J, Pruitt SK, Ali-Osman F, Tyler DS. Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, enhances the response of melanoma to regional chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:2090-101. [PMID: 20571072 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma responds poorly to standard chemotherapy due to its intrinsic chemoresistance. Multiple genetic and molecular defects, including an activating mutation in the BRaf kinase gene, are associated with melanoma, and the resulting alterations in signal transduction pathways regulating proliferation and apoptosis are thought to contribute to its chemoresistance. Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that targets BRaf kinase, is Food and Drug Administration approved for use in advanced renal cell and hepatocellular carcinomas. Although sorafenib has shown little promise as a single agent in melanoma patients, recent clinical trials suggest that, when combined with chemotherapy, it may have more benefit. We evaluated the ability of sorafenib to augment the cytotoxic effects of melphalan, a regional chemotherapeutic agent, and temozolomide, used in systemic and regional treatment of melanoma, on a panel of 24 human melanoma-derived cell lines and in an animal model of melanoma. Marked differences in response to 10 micromol/L sorafenib alone were observed in vitro across cell lines. Response to sorafenib significantly correlated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) downregulation and loss of Mcl-1 expression (P < 0.05). Experiments with the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126 suggest a unique role for ERK downregulation in the observed effects. Sorafenib in combination with melphalan or temozolomide led to significantly improved responses in vitro (P < 0.05). In the animal model of melanoma, sorafenib in combination with regional melphalan or regional temozolomide was more effective than either treatment alone in slowing tumor growth. These results show that sorafenib in combination with chemotherapy provides a novel approach to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy in the regional treatment of in-transit melanoma.
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Shaco-Levy R, Bean SM, Vollmer RT, Jewell E, Jones EL, Valdes CL, Bentley RC, Selim MA, Robboy SJ. Paget disease of the vulva: a study of 56 cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; 149:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Toshimitsu H, Yoshimoto Y, Augustine CK, Padussis JC, Yoo JS, Angelica Selim M, Pruitt SK, Friedman HS, Ali-Osman F, Tyler DS. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enhances the effect of chemotherapy in an animal model of regional therapy for the treatment of advanced extremity malignant melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:2247-54. [PMID: 20182810 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-0971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an important regulator of programmed cell death in response to alkylating agents such as temozolomide (TMZ). The goal of this study was to determine if a systemically administered PARP-inhibitor (INO-1001) could augment the efficacy of TMZ in a rat model of extremity malignant melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS PARP activity was measured in vitro across a panel of 5 human malignant melanoma-derived cell lines. To evaluate tumor response to PARP inhibition in combination with regional isolated limb infusion (ILI) therapy with TMZ, two TMZ-resistant malignant melanoma cell lines were grown as xenografts in the hind limb of rats. INO-1001 (400 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 7 times every 8 hours prior to ILI. Tumor volume was measured for up to 40 days. RESULTS In vitro inhibition of PARP activity by INO-1001 ranged from 25.5% to 65.6%. In a mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient xenograft, treatment with INO-1001 prior to ILI significantly (P < .04) increased the efficacy of TMZ. The increase in tumor volume at day 40 following TMZ-ILI with INO-1001 was only 22.6% compared with 322.8% with TMZ-ILI alone. In a xenograft that was MMR-proficient and had high levels of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) activity, there was little improvement in TMZ efficacy with INO-1001 treatment. CONCLUSION The PARP-inhibitor, INO-1001, can enhance the response of TMZ-resistant, MMR-deficient, malignant melanoma xenografts to intra-arterially administered TMZ in a regional treatment model of advanced extremity malignant melanoma.
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Ebead YH, Selim MA, Ibrahim SA. Solvatochromic, acid-base features and time effect of some azo dyes derived from 1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylacetonitrile: experimental and semiempirical investigations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 75:760-768. [PMID: 20047858 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The solvatochromism and other spectroscopic properties of seven azo dyes were studied, with a particular respect to the role of the solvent basicity, and interpreted with the aid of experimental findings and semiempirical data. The electronic absorption spectra of the dyes examined in different solvents combined with theoretical calculations showed that most of the investigated compounds coexist in the hydrazone and/or azo-enamine-common anion equilibrium or in the solely anionic form depending upon the nature of the solvent employed. These interesting features open up possibilities for the use of these compounds in analytical chemistry as acid-base indicators. Furthermore, both of intermolecular and intramolecular charge transfer equilibria have been reflected by experimental absorption spectra of compounds 4 and 5. The enthalpies of formation predicted at PM6 (COSMO) and PM6/CI (COSMO) for the ground (S(0)) and excited (S(1)) states, respectively have been successfully used for the explanation of the observed bathchromic shift in non-polar solvents. The effect of time on the longer wavelength visible band of compound 7 has been thoroughly investigated.
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Vanderford DA, Greer PK, Sharp JM, Chichlowski M, Rouse DC, Selim MA, Hale LP. Alopecia in IL-10-deficient mouse pups is c-kit-dependent and can be triggered by iron deficiency. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:518-26. [PMID: 20100190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hair loss (alopecia) can result from a variety of metabolic, endocrine, immunologic, and environmental causes. This investigation was undertaken to determine the mechanisms underlying the sporadic development of alopecia in litters from C57BL/6 interleukin-10-deficient (Il10(-/-)) mice. All pups in affected litters demonstrated alopecia by postnatal days 17-19, with hair loss from their trunks but not from their head, base of tail, or feet. Histopathology revealed distorted hair follicles containing broken hair shafts and prominent dermal infiltrates containing increased numbers of activated mast cells. Hair re-growth began soon after weaning, suggesting that the alopecia was triggered by factors transmitted during lactation. Milk from Il10(-/-) dams induced macrophage secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro regardless of whether or not their pups developed alopecia. Feeding dams a diet containing 3-6 ppm iron increased the percentage of litters with alopecia to 100% for pups with mast cells, with 0% alopecia in mast cell-deficient pups. When dams were fed a diet containing 131 ppm iron, significantly lower haemoglobin and hematocrit values were observed in pups from litters with alopecia (71%; 5 of 7 litters) compared to litters without alopecia. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of c-kit that resulted in depletion of mast cells in pups prevented hair loss in at-risk litters. These studies demonstrate that maternal iron-restricted diets enhance the incidence of alopecia in IL-10-deficient mouse pups and suggest mast cells as potential effector cells. Further studies are indicated to further explore the mechanisms involved and to determine how mast cells may contribute to alopecia in humans.
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