Oxidative coupling of 1-(2-methyl-4-phenylquinolin-3-yl)ethanone with ethanol and unexpected deacetylative synthesis of 3-hydroxy quinoline

An efficient one pot method for the synthesis of anti-α,β-epoxy ketones from 1-(2-methyl-4-phenylquinolin-3-yl)ethanone and ethanol has been developed by a modified Darzen reaction. The reaction occurs under oxidative conditions via a cascade sequence of bromination, aldol condensation followed by substitution. The reaction in the presence of NBS and a base however, in the absence of an oxidant, led to the formation of the corresponding 3-hydroxylated product via an unusual rearrangement.

Distribution and Biology of Mallada desjardinsi (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in India and Its Predatory Potential Against Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

In this study, we report the prevalence of Mallada desjardinsi (Navas) in seven geographical regions of India and provide the first report of its kind outlining the preying of all stages of the spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, by M. desjardinsi Sampling was conducted in seven regions of two provinces in India, Bengaluru (Karnataka) and Tiruppur (Tamil Nadu), which demonstrated that M. desjardinsi populations were most dense at the former and least at the later. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind outlining observations regarding the biology and feeding potential of M. desjardinsi on A. dispersus under laboratory conditions. It was observed that the second nymphal stadium of A. dispersus was most preferred prey for M. desjardinsi and the least preferred was the A. dispersus adult. It was also seen that the third stadium of M. desjardinsi consumed more A. dispersus individuals than any other life stages. The longevity of female and the total developmental period of M. desjardinsi were computed as 27.6 ± 1.69 and 24.1 ± 0.99 d, respectively. The average total number of eggs laid by the M. desjardinsi female was 211.1 ± 6.35 eggs. M. desjardinsi was observed to be extremely efficient in terms of prey searching and predatory potential with respect to A. dispersus The results of this study indicate strongly that M. desjardinsi has the potential to be used for the control of A. dispersus.

Regioselective α-arylation of coumarins and 2-pyridones with phenylhydrazines under transition-metal-free conditions

A transition-metal-free regioselective α-arylation of coumarins and 2-pyridones has been accomplished by the reaction of phenylhydrazines with coumarins or 2-pyridones.

p-TsOH-promoted synthesis of (E)-6-phenyl-7-styryl-5,6-dihydrodibenzo[b,h][1,6]naphthyridines via cascade intramolecular aza-Michael addition/Friedlander condensation of 2′-aminochalcones in a SDS/H2O system

p-TsOH-promoted one-pot cascade synthesis of novel (E)-6-phenyl-7-styryl-5,6-dihydrodibenzo[b,h][1,6]naphthyridines via homodimerization of 2′-aminochalcones has been developed in a SDS/H₂O system.

Effect and Mechanism of Virechana Karma (Therapeutic Purgation) Over Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome: An Experimental Study

BACKGROUND

Panchakarma (biopurification methods) is one of the modes of ayurveda to treat disorders of the body. Virechana karma (therapeutic purgation), one among the Panchakarma, is a purification process that is commonly used to treat metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes mellitus. Hence this study was planned to provide evidence through animal experiments.

METHODS

Albino rats were subject to Virechana karma (therapeutic purgation) to evaluate the influence of therapy and its mechanism over fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.

RESULTS

Results show that Virechana is effective in the management of the metabolic syndrome with decrease in the fecal fat content, fasting blood glucose, serum triglyceride, and reduced fatty changes in liver, heart, and kidney in comparison with the positive control group.

CONCLUSION

Experimental evaluation showed decrease in fatty acid in the storage like liver, kidney, heart, and muscle adipose tissue can indirectly increase the insulin sensitivity in insulin receptor present at skeletal muscles.

Designing of potential inhibitors against Staphylococcus aureus sortase A: Combined analogue and structure based approach with in vitro validation

Staphylococcus aureus sortase A is an attractive target of Gram-positive bacteria that plays a crucial role in anchoring of surface proteins to peptidoglycan present in bacterial cell wall. Inhibiting sortase A is an elementary and essential effort in preventing the pathogenesis. In this context, in silico virtual screening of in-house database was performed using ligand based pharmacophore model as a filter. The developed pharmacophore model AAHR 11 consists of two acceptors, one hydrophobic and one ring aromatic feature. Top ranked molecule KKR1 was docked into the active site of the target. After profound analysis, it was analyzed and optimized based on the observations from its binding pose orientation. Upgraded version of KKR1 was KKR2 and has improved docking score, binding interactions and best fit in the binding pocket. KKR1 along with KKR2 were further validated using 100 ns molecular dynamic studies. Both KKR1 and KKR2 contain Indole-thiazolidine moiety and were synthesized. The disk diffusion assay has good initial results (ZI of KKR1, KKR2 were 24, 38 mm at 10 μg/mL and ZI of Ampicillin was 22 at 10 μg/mL) and calculated MICs of the molecules (KKR1 5.56±0.28 μg/mL, KKR2 1.32±0.12 μg/mL, Ampicillin 8±1.1 μg/mL) were in good agreement with standard drug Ampicillin. KKR1 has shown IC50 of 1.23±0.14 μM whereas the optimized lead molecule KKR2 show IC50 of 0.008±0.07 μM. Results from in silico were validated by in vitro studies and proved that indole-thiazolidine molecules would be useful for future development as lead molecules against S. aureus sortase A.

A mild CuBr–NMO oxidative system for the coupling of anilines leading to aromatic azo compounds

An efficient methodology was developed for the synthesis of aromatic azo derivatives under mild reaction conditions utilizing CuBr with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide as an oxidant.

Palladium and copper-catalyzed ligand-free coupling of phenylhydrazines in water

An efficient methodology for the synthesis of biaryls via Pd/Cu catalyzed coupling of unprotected phenylhydrazines in water is reported.

Clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical features of canine orbital hibernomas

Hibernomas are uncommon benign tumors of brown fat that occur in humans and various animal species. They have not been observed in the orbit of dogs, humans, or other animals. Here we report clinical, light and electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical features of a series of 7 hibernomas arising in the orbital region of dogs. These neoplasms occurred in adult dogs with no breed predilection. The mean age of the affected dogs was 10.4 years (range, 8-13 years). All neoplasms presented as soft lobular masses composed of predominantly round or polygonal neoplastic cells with granular eosinophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm resembling adipocytes. The cytoplasm contained large numbers of pleomorphic mitochondria with dense matrices and indistinct cristae. Immunohistochemical evaluation confirmed positive labeling of neoplastic cells from all cases with uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) consistent with brown fat differentiation. Interestingly, rare neoplastic cells also expressed myogenin and myoD, possibly suggesting a common progenitor cell for neoplastic brown adipose and skeletal muscle cells.

Synthesis and antimalarial activity of 3,3-spiroanellated 5,6-disubstituted 1,2,4-trioxanes

Novel 3,3-spiroanellated 5-aryl, 6-arylvinyl-substituted 1,2,4-trioxanes 19-34 have been synthesized and appraised for their antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in Swiss mice by oral route at doses ranging from 96 mg/kg × 4 days to 24 mg/kg × 4 days. The most active compound of the series (compound 25) provided 100% protection at 24 mg/kg × 4 days, and other 1,2,4-trioxanes 22, 26, 27, and 30 also showed promising activity. In this model, β-arteether provided 100 and 20% protection at 48 mg/kg × 4 days and 24 mg/kg × 4 days, respectively, by oral route. Compound 25 displayed a similar in vitro pharmacokinetic profile to that of reference drug β-arteether. The activity results demonstrated the importance of an aryl moiety at the C-5 position on the 1,2,4-trioxane pharmacophore.