Ornithomya biloba, Pseudolynchia garzettae and Pseudolynchia canariensis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae): three new United Kingdom colonists and potential disease vectors

In the northern hemisphere, many species' ranges are shifting northwards with climate change. Here I present evidence, from the first large-scale citizen science study of the Hippoboscidae in the United Kingdom, for the colonisation of the United Kingdom by three species of Diptera in the family Hippoboscidae, which are obligate ectoparasites of birds. The Swallow Louse Fly, Ornithomya biloba; the Nightjar Louse Fly, Pseudolynchia garzettae and the Pigeon Louse Fly, Pseudolynchia canariensis were previously considered to be vagrants from more southerly latitudes but the presence of a pair taken possibly in the act of copulation, gravid females and the increase in numbers of the various species provides good evidence of local breeding activity. I discuss the potential for further northwards range shift and whether the presence of three new species of parasite may have implications for the spread of avian disease within the region. I also include a concise key to the genus Pseudolynchia and images of P. canariensis, P. garzettae and O. biloba to aid further identification of these species in the region.

Distribution and insecticide resistance profile of the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus group across the African continent

There has been significant progress in malaria control in the last 2 decades, with a decline in mortality and morbidity. However, these gains are jeopardised by insecticide resistance, which negatively impacts the core interventions, such as insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). While most malaria control and research efforts are still focused on Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes, Anopheles funestus remains an important vector in many countries and, in some cases, contributes to most of the local transmission. As countries move towards malaria elimination, it is important to ensure that all dominant vector species, including An. funestus, an important vector in some countries, are targeted. The objective of this review is to compile and discuss information related to A. funestus populations' resistance to insecticides and the mechanisms involved across Africa, emphasising the sibling species and their resistance profiles in relation to malaria elimination goals. Data on insecticide resistance in An. funestus malaria vectors in Africa were extracted from published studies. Online bibliographic databases, including Google Scholar and PubMed, were used to search for relevant studies. Articles published between 2000 and May 2023 reporting resistance of An. funestus to insecticides and associated mechanisms were included. Those reporting only bionomics were excluded. Spatial variation in species distribution and resistance to insecticides was recorded from 174 articles that met the selection criteria. It was found that An. funestus was increasingly resistant to the four classes of insecticides recommended by the World Health Organisation for malaria vector control; however, this varied by country. Insecticide resistance appears to reduce the effectiveness of vector control methods, particularly IRS and ITN. Biochemical resistance due to detoxification enzymes (P450s and glutathione-S-transferases [GSTs]) in An. funestus was widely recorded. However, An. funestus in Africa remains susceptible to other insecticide classes, such as organophosphates and neonicotinoids. This review highlights the increasing insecticide resistance of An. funestus mosquitoes, which are important malaria vectors in Africa, posing a significant challenge to malaria control efforts. While An. funestus has shown resistance to the recommended insecticide classes, notably pyrethroids and, in some cases, organochlorides and carbamates, it remains susceptible to other classes of insecticides such as organophosphates and neonicotinoids, providing potential alternative options for vector control strategies. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions that consider the population structure and geographical distribution of An. funestus, including its sibling species and their insecticide resistance profiles, to effectively achieve malaria elimination goals.

The internal transcribed spacer 1 sequence polymorphism brings updates to tsetse species distribution in the northern Cameroon: Importance in planning efficient vector control

Vector control remains one of the best strategies to prevent the transmission of trypanosome infections in humans and livestock and, thus, a good way to achieve the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis and animal African trypanosomiasis. A key prerequisite for the success of any vector control strategy is the accurate identification and correct mapping of tsetse species. In this work, we updated the tsetse fly species identification and distribution in many geographical areas in Cameroon. Tsetse flies were captured from six localities in Cameroon, and their species were morphologically identified. Thereafter, DNA was extracted from legs of each tsetse fly and the length polymorphism of internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1) region of each fly was investigated using PCR. ITS1 DNA fragments of each tsetse species were sequenced. The sequences obtained were analysed and compared to those available in GenBank. This enabled to confirm/infirm results of the morphologic identification and then, to establish the phylogenetic relationships between tsetse species. Morphologic features allowed to clearly distinguish all the tsetse species captured in the South Region of Cameroon, that is, Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. pallicera, G. caliginea and G. nigrofusca. In the northern area, G. morsitans submorsitans could also be distinguished from G. palpalis palpalis, G. tachinoides and G. fuscipes, but these three later could not be distinguished with routine morphological characters. The ITS1 length polymorphism was high among most of the studied species and allowed to identify the following similar species with a single PCR, that is, G. palpalis palpalis with 241 or 242 bp and G. tachinoides with 221 or 222 bp, G. fuscipes with 236 or 237 bp. We also updated the old distribution of tsetse species in the areas assessed, highlighting the presence of G. palpalis palpalis instead of G. fuscipes in Mbakaou, or in sympatry with G. morsitans submorsitans in Dodeo (northern Cameroon). This study confirms the presence of G. palpalis palpalis in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon. It highlights the limits of using morphological criteria to differentiate some tsetse species. Molecular tools based on the polymorphism of ITS1 of tsetse flies can differentiate tsetse species through a simple PCR before downstream analyses or vector control planning.

Geographic variation in incubation temperatures promoting viable offspring production in broadly co-distributed turtles

Organisms whose early life stages are environmentally sensitive produce offspring within a relatively narrow range of suitable abiotic conditions. In reptiles, development rate and survival are often maximized if incubation temperatures remain under 31°C, though this upper bound may vary within and among species. We addressed this expectation by comparing responses to egg incubation at 30°C versus 33°C in congeneric turtle species pairs with broad syntopic geographic distributions. In the two softshell turtles (Apalone spp.), the greatest changes in development rate and phenotypic variance were observed in the northernmost population, which had a low survival rate (40%) at 33°C. The presumably suboptimal temperature (33°C) for northern populations otherwise yielded 76%-93% survival rates and fast swimming speeds in more southern populations. Still, in one species, northern hatchlings incubated at 33°C matched the elevated speeds of their southern counterparts, revealing a countergradient response. In northern populations of the two map turtles (Graptemys spp.), survival was also reduced (28%-60%) at 33°C and the development rate (relative to 30°C) increased by up to 75%. Our experiments on divergent taxa with similar nesting ecologies substantiate that the optimal thermal range for offspring production is variable. These findings encourage further work on how population- and species-level differences relate to local adaptation in widely distributed oviparous species.

Modelling potential distribution of the invasive box tree moth across Asia, Europe, and North America

The box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (BTM) is a native moth throughout eastern Asia, having recently become invasive in Europe (2007) where it feeds on boxwood (= box tree), Buxus spp. The moth rapidly spread across Europe and the Caucasus causing damage to both ornamental and wild Buxus. In 2018, C. perspectalis was found in Toronto, ON, Canada, and has since spread south into the US. To better predict where the moth will establish and have significant impact on ornamental trade in North America, we used most recent scientific literature and distribution points to update the temperature and diapause indices of an existing ecoclimatic CLIMEX model. The model parameters provided a good fit for the potential distribution of BTM compared to its known distribution across eastern Asia and in Europe. Interestingly, our results suggest that the current native distribution in Asia is incomplete and that further expansion is also possible in its introduced range, especially in northern Europe, along the Mediterranean coast of Africa, and eastward to central Russia. In North America, the model predicts that most of North America should be climatically suitable for the moth's establishment, with the exception of Alaska and the northern territories of Canada, as well as higher elevations in the Rocky Mountains and southern hot and dry areas. Our study highlights the importance of the CLIMEX model to assess the risk of BTM spreading in its newly invaded areas, especially North America, and its use to help make decisions in terms of regulatory dispersal restrictions and choice of management options.

Global distribution patterns and geographic range of Cymothoa Fabricius, 1793 (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) associated with host fish

Over recent years, fish parasites of the genus Cymothoa Fabricius, 1793, have received increased attention due to both their ecological and their economic importance to aquaculture and fishery. As the studies about Cymothoa have increased this improve our understanding on the host specificity and distribution of these parasites. The aim of this paper was to review the current global geographic distribution, distribution patterns and parasite-host interactions patterns of Cymothoa spp. associated with fish from marine and brackish water bodies around the world. A total of 144 samples were analyzed, from which 23 species of Cymothoa were found parasitizing 84 teleost fish species of 35 families and 20 orders. Most of these parasites were found in the mouth of the host fish, including in wild fish. The highest occurrence of parasites was found in host species belonging to the families Carangidae and Lutjanidae. Host specificity was an important factor in the geographic distribution of Cymothoa species as also environmental temperature. Cymothoa indica, Cymothoa exigua and Cymothoa excisa were the species with lowest specificity for host family and widest geographic distribution.

Distribution and diversification of Adelphobates, emblematic poison frogs from Brazilian Amazonia

Adelphobates contains three species, and the inaccurate identification of A. quinquevittatus and the scarcity of records of A. castaneoticus complicate inference of their distributions; the latter species occurs in sympatry with A. galactonotus. Our objective was to revise the distributions of Adelphobates by compiling data and modeling habitat suitability, as range limits may be shaped by landscape features and biotic interactions. We initially analyzed the existence of operational taxonomic units within the nominal species and subsequently inferred the observed and potential distributions, taking into account the possible independent lineages for the three species, and we also generated a molecular timetree to understand the chronology of interspecific diversification events. Adelphobates quinquevittatus was found to have a more easterly distribution than previously described, and specimens with phenotypic variation were found to occur in areas inconsistent with the modeling, and A. castaneoticus was concentrated in the Tapajós-Xingu interfluve, surrounded by A. galactonotus. Models indicated that the right bank of the Xingu River is suitable for both species, indeed, both were found there. Despite Adelphobates species having their distributions delimited by major Amazonian rivers, estimated divergence times predate the formation of the modern river network, suggesting that other mechanisms were involved in their diversification.

Temperature induced changes in species distribution increases sensitivity of aquatic invertebrate communities to chemicals

In this commentary, I will discuss how climate warming might influence the impacts of chemicals on (aquatic) ecosystems. It provides a commentary on Sinclair et al. (2024).

A Taxonomic Revision of the South American Trilobite Cockroaches of Parahormetica Brunner von Wattenwyl 1865 (Blattodea: Blaberidae), with Description of Parahormetica museunacional sp. nov. from the Atlantic Forest

The taxonomically intricate genus of trilobite cockroaches, Parahormetica Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865, is revised based on a comparative morphological analysis. The goals of this study are to review the nomenclature, propose hypotheses about specific delimitation, and provide diagnoses to allow identification of the taxonomic units in the genus. Based on the revised status of Parahormetica, we transferred Parahormetica hylaeceps Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936, and Parahormetica punctata Saussure, 1873, to the genus Bionoblatta Rehn, 1940. Therefore, the genus includes now four species of giant cockroaches which are predominantly distributed on the Atlantic Forest: Parahormetica bilobata (Saussure, 1864), Parahormetica cicatricosa Saussure, 1869, Parahormetica monticollis (Burmeister, 1838), and Parahormetica museunacional sp. nov. (holotype male deposited in DZUP: Brazil, Paraná). Diagnoses, key, distribution maps, images of living, non-type, and type specimens are made available. Our results make clear that the status and limits among Brachycolini genera pending a full revision.

Host range differences between two species of freshwater horsehair worm (Nematomorpha: Chordiidae) Chordodes japonensis and C. formosanus in Japan

Horsehair worms (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea) are endoparasites of terrestrial arthropods, of which two species, Chordodes japonensis and C. formosanus, may have been historically confused due to their morphological similarity. In this study, we conducted field surveys and laboratory parasite inoculation experiments to clarify the characteristics and differences in host range and specificity between the two species. The field surveys revealed that the host ranges of the two species are markedly different. C. formosanus parasitized diverse mantids, while C. japonensis infected only species in the genus Tenodera, as predicted in previous studies. However, the two species had one mantid host, T. angustipennis in common. Parasite inoculation experiments using three species of mantids, revealed parasitism in each of the host-parasite combinations same as in the field study. These results suggest that the observed differences in host patterns are due to physiological factors between the host and parasite. Furthermore, cross-testing conducted on the shared host T. angustipennis showed that the two species coexisted within the same host in some cases, suggesting that the competitive exclusivity of the two species is low. This study also presents a tentative list of host ranges for the two species, comparing and integrating information from this and previous studies. However, the possibility remains that the host ranges of both species may be more diverse.

High-resolution prediction models for Rhipicephalus microplus and Amblyomma cajennense s.l. ticks affecting cattle and their spatial distribution in continental Ecuador using bioclimatic factors

In Ecuador, the main tick species affecting cattle are Rhipicephalus microplus and Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato. Understanding their spatial distribution is crucial. To assess their distribution, data from 2895 farms visited between 2012 and 2017 were utilized. Ticks were collected during animal inspections, with each farm's location georeferenced. Bioclimatic variables and vapor pressure deficit data were obtained from Climatologies at High resolution for the Earth´s Land Surface Areas (CHELSA) dataset. They were overlaid to develop predictive maps for each species using Random Forest (RF) models. The cross-validation results for RF prediction models showed high accuracy for both R. microplus and A. cajennense s.l. presence with values of accuracy = 0.97 and 0.98, sensitivity = 0.96 and 0.99, and specificity = 0.96 and 0.93, respectively. A carefully selected subset of bioclimatic variables was used to describe the presence of each tick species. Higher levels of precipitation had positive effect on the presence of R. microplus but a negative effect on A. cajennense s.l. In contrast, isothermality (BIO3) was more important for the presence of A. cajennense s.l. compared to R. microplus. As a result, R. microplus had a broader distribution across the country, while A. cajennense s.l. was mainly found in coastal areas with evident seasonality. The coexistence of both species in some regions could be attributed to transitional zones, whereas high altitudes limited tick presence. This information can aid in developing appropriate tick management plans, particularly considering A. cajennense s.l.'s broad host range species and R. microplus's specificity for cattle. Moreover, the predictive models can identify areas at risk of associated challenging hemoparasite, requiring special attention and mitigation measures.

Skinny dolphins: Can poor body condition explain population decline in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis)?

Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (IPHDs) who form resident populations along the Chinese coastline are facing a wide range of anthropogenic disturbances including intense fishing and some populations have been shown to experience a severe decline. Body condition is thought to be a good indicator of health since it is linked to survival and reproductive success. In order to better understand population trends, we investigated whether the body condition of IPHDs is poorer in populations whose status is alarming than in other populations. UAV flights were conducted from 2022 to 2023 in four locations (i.e., Sanniang Bay, Leizhou Bay, Jiangmen, and Lingding Bay) in the northern South China Sea. Body ratios were calculated using the body length and widths of IPHDs and were used to analyze differences among seasons, locations, and demographic parameters. A PCA was then used to obtain a detailed picture of the body condition composition of dolphins at each location. Results showed that dolphins from Leizhou Bay and Jiangmen were in better body condition than those from Sanniang Bay and Lingding Bay. Since populations inhabiting Sanniang Bay and Lingding Bay have been shown to experience a sharp decline, it can be hypothesized that poor body condition may have played a role in such a trend. Further investigations of the factors impacting IPHDs' body condition are needed, including monitoring of prey density, contaminant concentration, stress levels, and impacts of human activities on dolphins' behavior. In addition, the creation of a robust scoring method would allow for regular monitoring of IPHDs' body condition to inform conservation measures.

Dispersal stabilizes coupled ecological and evolutionary dynamics in a host-parasitoid system

When ecological and evolutionary dynamics occur on comparable timescales, persistence of the ensuing eco-evolutionary dynamics requires both ecological and evolutionary stability. This unites key questions in ecology and evolution: How do species coexist, and what maintains genetic variation in a population? In this work, we investigated a host-parasitoid system in which pea aphid hosts rapidly evolve resistance to Aphidius ervi parasitoids. Field data and mathematical simulations showed that heterogeneity in parasitoid dispersal can generate variation in parasitism-mediated selection on hosts through time and space. Experiments showed how evolutionary trade-offs plus moderate host dispersal across this selection mosaic cause host-parasitoid coexistence and maintenance of genetic variation in host resistance. Our results show how dispersal can stabilize both the ecological and evolutionary components of eco-evolutionary dynamics.

Amblyceps crassioris, a new sisoroid catfish from Odisha, India (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae)

Amblyceps crassioris, a new species of amblycipitid catfish, is described from the Mahanadi River basin in Odisha, India. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners in having a combination of the following characters: a deeply forked caudal fin, centrally projecting hooks on proximal lepidotrichia of median caudal-fin rays absent, jaws equal in length, lateral line absent, body depth at anus 15.1%-19.5% standard length (SL), caudal peduncle depth 13.0%-18.3% SL, adipose-fin base length 21.1%-27.1% SL, eye diameter 7.35%-14.1% head length and 38 total vertebrae.

The Ideal Free Distribution with travel costs

This article studies the effect of travel costs on population distribution in a patchy environment. The Ideal Free Distribution with travel costs is defined in the article as the distribution under which it is not profitable for individuals to move, i.e., the movement between patches ceases. It is shown that depending on the travel costs between patches, the Ideal Free Distribution may be unique, there may be infinitely many possible IFDs, or no Ideal Free Distribution exists. In the latter case, animal distribution can converge to an equilibrium of distributional dynamics at which individuals do disperse, but the net movement between patches ceases. Such distributional equilibrium corresponds to balanced dispersal.

Revision of the rare Buprestis subgenus Akiyamaia Kurosawa, 1988 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Buprestinae), with description of two new species

In this paper, two new species of Buprestis subgenus Akiyamaia Kurosawa, 1988 are described: B. (A.) gengmini Qi & Song, new species from Yunnan Province, China and B. (A.) wenii Qi & Song, new species from Yen Bai Province, Vietnam. The descriptions and illustrations of two new species are provided, and the diagnostic characters are provided to distinguish the two new species from other related species. A key is given for identification of all Akiyamaia species.The holotype of B. (A.) costipennis (Fairmaire, 1891) and pictures of living individuals are illustrated for the first time.

Checklist and distribution of Nepomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from China

An updated catalog of the infraorder Nepomorpha from China is provided based on literature reports, museum specimens, and field collections. In total, 214 species of Nepomorpha are listed in 6 superfamilies, 11 families, and 37 genera, including: Aphelocheiridae (1 genus, 27 species), Belostomatidae (3 genera, 7 species), Corixidae (9 genera, 52 species), Gelastocoridae (1 genus, 3 species), Helotrephidae (5 genera, 25 species), Micronectidae (1 genus, 28 species), Naucoridae (7 genera, 12 species), Nepidae (5 genera, 21 species), Notonectidae (4 genera, 32 species), Ochteridae (1 genus, 2 species) and Pleidae (1 genus, 5 species). Paraplea liturata (Fieber, 1844) is reported from mainland China for the first time. Distribution maps are provided for most species and are based on museum specimens and our field collections.

Taxonomic Review of Zabrotica Hull 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae), a Senior Synonym of Aymarasilus Artigas 1974, with Descriptions of Six New Species

Zabrotica Hull, 1958 is revised and six new species are described from Peru: Zabrotica artigasi sp. nov. from Junín, Zabrotica floresi sp. nov. from Huánuco, Zabrotica hockingi sp. nov. from Huánuco and Pasco, Zabrotica hulli sp. nov. from Pasco, Zabrotica maidecita sp. nov. from Cajamarca, and Zabrotica mariae sp. nov. from Apurímac, Cuzco and Puno. Additionally, Aymarasilus Artigas, 1974 syn. nov., is herein proposed as a junior synonym of Zabrotica. A diagnosis for the genus is provided, as well as an identification key to the known species and distribution maps.

A New Eyeless Species of Micranops Cameron 1913 from Bolivia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae)

This work adds a new eyeless species of the genus Micranops Cameron, 1913 (Staphylinidae, Paederinae, Scopaeina) to the endogean Coleoptera of the Bolivian fauna. The loss of eyes is usually associated with adaptations to subterranean habitats, although M. bolivianus Guzman & Żyła sp. nov. was collected from leaf litter. We also report new occurrences for the genus west of the Andes mountain range. Our work increases the number of known Neotropical Micranops species to seven and extends the known distribution range for the genus in South America.

Dispersal mediates trophic interactions and habitat connectivity to alter metacommunity composition

Dispersal contributes vitally to metacommunity structure. However, interactions between dispersal and other key processes have rarely been explored, particularly in the context of multitrophic metacommunities. We investigated such a metacommunity in naturally fragmented habitats populated by butterfly species (whose dispersal capacities were previously assessed), flowering plants, and butterfly predators. Using data on butterfly species abundance, floral abundance, and predation (on experimentally placed clay butterfly models), we asked how dispersal ability mediates interactions with predators, mutualists, and the landscape matrix. In contrast to expectations, high densities of strong dispersers were found in more isolated sites and sites with low floral resource density, while intermediate dispersers maintained similar densities across isolation and floral gradients, and higher densities of poor dispersers were found in more connected sites and sites with higher floral density. These findings raise questions about how strong dispersers experience the landscape matrix and the quality of isolated and low-resource sites. Strong dispersers were able to escape habitat patches with high predation, while intermediate dispersers maintained similar densities along a predation gradient, and poor dispersers occurred at high densities in these patches, exposing them to interactions with predators. This work demonstrates that species that vary in dispersal capacities interact differently with predators and mutualist partners in a landscape context, shaping metacommunity composition.

New genera of Afrotropical Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera: Cerocephalidae, Epichrysomallidae, Pirenidae and Pteromalidae)

As a preliminary step towards the development of a key to genera of several families of Afrotropical Chalcidoidea, seven new genera in four families are described: Cerocephalidae-Milokoa Mitroiu, gen. nov. (type species: Milokoa villemantae Mitroiu, sp. nov.); Epichrysomallidae-Delvareus Rasplus, Mitroiu & van Noort, gen. nov. (type species: Delvareus dicranostylae Rasplus, Mitroiu & van Noort, sp. nov.); Pirenidae-Afrothopus Mitroiu, gen. nov. (type species: Afrothopus georgei Mitroiu, sp. nov.); Pteromalidae-Kerangania Mitroiu, gen. nov. (type species: Kerangania nuda Mitroiu, sp. nov.), Pilosalis Mitroiu, Rasplus & van Noort, gen. nov. (type species: Pilosalis barbatulus Mitroiu, sp. nov.), Scrobesia Mitroiu & Rasplus, gen. nov. (type species: Scrobesia acutigaster Mitroiu & Rasplus, sp. nov.), and Spiniclava Mitroiu & Rasplus, gen. nov. (type species: Spiniclava baaiensis Mitroiu & Rasplus, sp. nov.). Additionally, the following new species are described: Pilosalis bouceki Mitroiu & Rasplus, sp. nov., Pilosalis eurys Mitroiu & van Noort, sp. nov., Pilosalis minutus Mitroiu, sp. nov., Pilosalis platyscapus Mitroiu, Rasplus & van Noort, sp. nov., Scrobesia pondo Mitroiu, sp. nov., and Spiniclava setosa Mitroiu, sp. nov. All taxa are illustrated and the relationships with similar taxa are discussed. For each non-monotypic genus a key to species is provided.

Contribution to the Chinese subfamily Rhaphidophorinae Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) VII: New descriptions of Rhaphidophora from Yunnan and Guangxi

This paper contributes further studies Chinese cave crickets and describes seven new species and the female sex of Rhaphidophora longitabula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017. All the specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University.

Revision of the Afrotropical species of Euodynerus Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

A taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of the genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre, 1904 is presented. A new species, Euodynerus gaya sp. nov., is described from Niger, new synonymies are proposed for Euodynerus niloticus (de Saussure, 1855) (= Odynerus ebneri von Schulthess, 1921 syn. nov., Odynerus meyeri var. palestinensis von Schulthess, 1928 syn. nov., Pseudepipona nilotica saudita Giordani Soika, 1957 syn. nov.) and Euodynerus semiaethiopicus (Giordani Soika, 1943) (= Euodynerus albomaculatus Gusenleitner, 2000 syn. nov.), and Euodynerus fabulosus Giordani Soika, 1979 is transferred to Knemodynerus Blthgen, 1940 (Knemodynerus fabulosus comb. nov.). A key to all known species is provided.

Synopsis of the Ptiloneuropsis Roesler, 1940 (Psocodea: Psocoptera: Ptiloneuridae), with a new cave-dwelling species from Brazil

A new cave-dwelling species of Ptiloneuropsis from southeastern Brazil, is here described based on both sexes, illustrated and named as: Ptiloneuropsis krenaki sp. nov. This new species differs from Ptiloneuropsis immaculata Roesler, 1940 and Ptiloneuropsis diamantina Silva-Neto, Garca Aldrete & Rafael, 2018 in details of the hypandrium and phallosome. In addition to the third new species of the Ptiloneuropsis, descriptions of variation in the fore and hindwings veins are also given. The diagnosis of Ptiloneuropsis is updated, and P. immaculata is redescribed. Furthermore, the first identification key for Ptiloneuropsis species, based on males, is presented.

Korean species of Hydrosmecta Thomson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with descriptions of two new species

A taxonomic study of the genus Hydrosmecta Thomson in Korea is presented. The genus is represented in Korea by three species including two new species, H. beolgokensis Lee & Ahn, sp. nov. and H. koreana Lee & Ahn, sp. nov. A key to Korean species, descriptions, and illustrations of habitus photographs and diagnostic characters are provided to facilitate identification.

A natural history note on the Pseudoneoponera ant-mimicking behaviour of Naddia sp. (Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini: Staphylinina), from Kalyani University campus, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India

A unique ant-mimicking behaviour has been observed in the rove beetle genus Naddia sp. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini: Staphylinina) from the campus of the University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India. The individual has been observed to undergo imperfect Batesian mimicry by mimicking ants of the genus Pseudoneoponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae: Ponerini).

Two new species of Glaphyropyga Schiner (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) from Peru

Two new species in the strictly Neotropical genus Glaphyropyga Schiner, 1866 are described from Peru; Glaphyropyga andina sp. nov. and Glaphyropyga monticola sp. nov., both from Cuzco, elevating to 14 the number of known species in this genus. A distribution map for the Peruvian species is given and a key to the known species is proposed.

A second species of Megipocerus Zakhvatkin (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae)

A second species of Megipocerus, M. hunanensis Zhang sp. nov., is recognized here from China, which can be easily distinguished from the type species, M. mordvilkoi Zakhvatkin, by numerous dark brown to black markings on the head and thorax, shorter male pygofer bearing four mastoid processes with longer process and short subapical processes. And the female of M. mordvilkoi was recorded in China for the first time, and an illustrated key is also provided.

Taxonomy of the genus Periacma Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Autostichidae) from China, with a checklist of the world species

Ten new species of the genus Periacma Meyrick, 1894 are described: P. anterosinuata sp. nov., P. falcata sp. nov., P. largiloba sp. nov., P. laterispinulosa sp. nov., P. platygnatha sp. nov., P. ludingensis sp. nov., P. mediacantha sp. nov., P. securiformis sp. nov., P. solitaridens sp. nov. and P. subaequalis sp. nov. Periacma lianzhouensis (Wang, 2006) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Irepacma to the present genus. The females of P. acriuncata Wang, Li & Liu, 2001, P. ferialis Meyrick, 1894, P. lianzhouensis (Wang, 2006), P. nepalensis Ueda et Moriuti, 1996 and P. rectignatha Wang et Li, 2006 are described for the first time. Periacma himalayensis Ueda et Moriuti, 1996, P. kunai Moriuti, Saito et Lewvanich, 1985, P. nakhonnayokensis Moriuti, Saito et Lewvanich, 1985 and P. nepalensis Ueda et Moriuti, 1996 are newly recorded for the Chinese fauna. Images of the new species and the newly described females are provided, and a global checklist of the described Periacma species is included.

A new species of the genus Dendarus Dejean, 1821 from Southwest Iran (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Dendarini)

A new tenebrionid species of the genus Dendarus Dejean, 1821, Dendarus (Pandarinus) nabozhenkoi sp. n. is described from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. Dendarus nabozhenkoi sp. n. is most similar to Dendarus matthewsi Nabozhenko, 2022 and Dendarus simplex Seidlitz, 1893 differing in the shape of the pronotum, the structure of the male pro- and metatibiae, the reduced goldish hair brush on the sole surface of mesotarsomere 2 and the structure of the aedeagus and spiculum gastrale.

Discovery of the male of Okinawepipona yty Nguyen, 2018 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam

The male of Okinawepipona yty Nguyen, 2018 is described and illustrated for the first time, together with its genitalia, based on specimens from Y Ty, Lao Cai, Vietnam. In addition, the male genitalia of O. curcipunctura Nguyen & Xu, 2014 is also described for the first time. Based on these descriptions, a discussion is provided regarding the male genitalia of eumenine wasps in general.

The genus Zhengitettix Liang, 1994 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Scelimeninae) from Thailand, with description of a new species

Four species of the genus Zhengitettix Liang, 1994 from Thailand are listed. A new distribution of Z. albitarsus Storozhenko, 2013 is reported from Ratchaburi Province in the Tenasserim Range with a coloration description of live specimens. Z. binduseni sp. nov. is described from Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. This new species is easily distinguished from other member in this genus by the larger body size, the fastigium of vertex between eyes distinctly narrower toward end, the slender and long spines of lower part of lateral lobe of pronotum which slightly upward in male, and almost straight in female, and the shaped of female subgenital plate with shallow transversal creases. The updated key to all species occurring in Thailand is provided here.

Description of two new species of Dinometa from East Africa with remarks on D. maputuana (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae, Lasiocampinae)

The genus Dinometa Aurivillius, 1927 (type species Gastroplakaeis maputuana Wichgraf, 1906) is reviewed, with two new species described: Dinometa ethani sp. n. from Tanzania and Dinometa abigailae sp. n. from Kenya and Tanzania. All Dinometa species showed no significant differences in male genitalia, but D. ethani sp. n. and D. abigailae sp. n. are allopatric with D. maputuana. D. abigailae sp. n. has specific reddish spots on hindwings that distinguishes it from closely distributed D. ethani sp. n. Two D. maputuana specimens collected at the same night and locality in the Republic of South Africa have an intraspecific variation of 1.52% in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, while all barcoded D. maputuana are 2.432.74% distant from D. ethani sp. n. Adults, male genitalia and distribution maps of all three species are illustrated.

First record of Mythicomyia Coquillett, 1983 from Colombia with description of a new species of Mythicomyia (Heterhybos) Brthes, 1919 (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae: Mythicomyiinae) and an updated key to South American species

Mythicomyia Coquillett (1893) has a disjunct distribution (presence in every biogeographical region with the exception of the Palearctic) and is a poorly studied group in the Neotropical Region, and completely unknown in Colombia. Its subgenus Heterhybos Brthes has a Nearctic and Neotropical distribution. Of the nine species in the Neotropical Region (in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay), all occur in Chile and only one in Argentina and Uruguay. A new species of Mythicomyia (Heterhybos) is here described from Colombia: Mythicomyia (Heterhybos) bilobata sp. nov. (type-locality: Liborina, La Sucia). Illustrations of the new species, dichotomous key (males and females) and distribution map of the South American species are also presented.

Contributions to the tribes Othiini and Xantholinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) of Trkiye from the Aegean Region

The main object of this study is to make contributions to the Staphylininae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) fauna of Trkiye with additional records from tribes Othiini and Xantholinini and a new species of Xantholinus Dejean, 1821. Examined material was composed of specimens collected from the Aegean Region between 20192022. A total of 18 species were recorded, belonging to nine genera and two tribes. Three of these are new records for Aegean Region. Furthermore, a new species, Xantholinus (Calolinus) manisaensis sp. n., is described from Manisa province. Description of the new species, photographs of habitus, genital segment and aedeagus as well as a differential diagnosis are also provided. The global distributions of the above species are included, and the zoogeographic status of each species is discussed. Previous records from the study area are compared to and evaluated with our findings. The majority of the collected species were European and Asian in distribution, reflecting the regional character and geographical position of Trkiye. It can be concluded that climate change has negatively affected biodiversity and with species loss as a possible result.

The checklist of leaf-mining moths Phyllonorycter Hbner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) of Korea with description of two new species and nine newly recorded species

In the present study, a total of 30 species of Phyllonorycter Hbner, 1822 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) in Korea are recognized and enumerated. Among them, two species (Phyllonorycter phallustenuis sp. nov. and P. daehana sp. nov.) are newly described to science. In addition, nine species are reported for the first time for the country: P. ginnalae (Ermolaev, 1981), P. jezoniella (Matsumura, 1931), P. lonicerae (Kumata, 1963), P. nigristella (Kumata, 1957), P. ostryae (Kumata, 1963), P. reduncata (Ermolaev, 1986), P. sorbicola (Kumata, 1963), P. tritorrhecta (Meyrick, 1935), and P. zelkovae (Kumata, 1963). Detailed descriptions and illustrations of both adults and genitalia of the new species are provided.

Review of the genus Xyrosaris Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae, Yponomeutinae) from Korea, with two new species

The genus Xyrosaris Meyrick, 1907 from Korea is reviewed. Two new species, Xyrosaris vaginata sp. nov. and X. triacantha sp. nov. are described from Korea, along with notes on allied species of the genus. In addition, X. insuralis Ponomarenko & Beljaev, 2023 is reported for the first time from Korea, including a new host plant. Key to species, illustrations of adult, male and female genitalia, diagnoses, host plants, and descriptions are provided.

Tiger beetles of the genus Tricondyla Latreille, 1822 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) of the Philippines, with some considerations of the taxonomy of the genus

The fully everted endophallus in the genus Tricondyla is studied and described for the first time. Also, the following new synonymies are established: Pseudotricondyla Naviaux, 2002 syn. nov. = Stenotricondyla Naviaux, 2002; T. (T.) aptera punctipennis Chevrolat, 1841 syn. nov. = T. (T.) aptera aptera (Olivier,1790); T. (T.) aptera lumawigi Wiesner, 1989 syn. nov. = T. (T.) ovicollis Motschulsky, 1864; T. (S.) cavifrons Schaum, 1862 syn. nov. = T. (S.) cyanipes Eschscholtz, 1829; T. (S.) gracilis Naviaux, 2002 syn. nov. = T. (S.) elongata Horn, 1906; T. (T.) huloti Naviaux, 2009 syn. nov. = T. (S.) cyanipes fuscilabris Mandl, 1964 = T. (S.) conicicollis Chaudoir, 1844. Tricondyla (S.) oblita Naviaux, 2002, syn. nov. = Tricondyla brunnipes Motschulsky, 1861. New subgeneric placement is proposed: T. (S.) elongata Horn, 1906; T. (S.) planiceps Schaum, 1862; T. (S.) gracilis Naviaux, 2002. One new species T. (T.) johnsoni sp. nov. is described from Mindanao. The taxonomic status of T. (S.) genieri Naviaux, 2008 is discussed. The species T. (S.) beccarii Gestro, 1874 is transferred from nominative subgenus to Stenotricondyla and together with T. (Stenotricondyla) doriai Gestro, 1874 excluded from the list of species of the Philippines. A key to the species is provided. Color photographs of the habitus, and diagnostic characters, including the variability of all species, are presented.

Notes on a small caponiid spider collection (Araneae: Caponiidae) from Mexico, with the description of a new species of Aamunops Galn-Snchez & lvarez-Padilla, 2022

A new species of the spider family Caponiidae, Aamunops kalebi sp. nov., is described from Chiapas, Mexico. Additionally, we provide new distributional or natural history and morphological remarks of three caponiids collected from South and Southern Mexico: Roddenberryus sargi (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899), R. spock Snchez-Ruiz & Bonaldo, 2023, and Nops campeche Snchez-Ruiz & Brescovit, 2018.

Notes on the genus Dictyogenus Klaplek, 1904 (Plecoptera, Perlodidae) in the Austrian, Italian, Slovenian and Swiss Alps, with the description of six new species

Six new species of Dictyogenus Klaplek, 1904, from the Austrian, Italian, Slovenian, and Swiss Alps, are described and illustrated from adults and nymphs. The species Dictyogenus alpinum (Pictet, 1841) and topotypical Dictyogenus fontium (Ris, 1896) are re-described.

One new species of the genus Ocellarnaca Gorochov, 2004 (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) from Yunnan, China

This paper reports one new species of the genus Ocellarance Gorochov, 2004 from Yunnan, China, i.e. Ocellarnaca virida sp. nov. Diagnostic illustrations are provided. The type specimen is deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.

Bridging the gap: A new species of arboreal Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico

The mountain forests of Middle America are renowned for their endemic biodiversity, and arboreal alligator lizards (genus Abronia) are high-profile vertebrates endemic to this region. In this work, we describe a new species of arboreal Abronia that is known only from the type locality in the Northern Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. The new species is diagnosed from all other members of the genus Abronia by the following combination of characters: lack of protuberant or spine-like supra-auricular scales, lack of protuberant or casque-like posterolateral head scales, dorsum of head pale yellow with distinct dark markings, 35-39 transverse dorsal scale rows, lateralmost row of ventral scales enlarged relative to adjacent medial row, and dorsum brown with darker crossbands that are sometimes reduced to rows of spots. We provisionally include the new species in the subgenus Lissabronia based on genomic and morphological evidence, but our results also suggest a close relationship to the subgenus Abaculabronia. The new species is geographically separated from the nearest Lissabronia and Abaculabronia species by the lowland Central Depression of Chiapas. Ongoing habitat loss and other factors imperil the new species, leading us to propose its listing under multiple threatened species frameworks. Because the Northern Highlands have poor coverage of protected areas, we briefly comment on the potential of this new species for stimulating conservation in the region.

Ground beetles of the tribes Chlaeniini Brull, 1834 and Rhopalomelini Alluaud, 1930 (Carabidae: Licininae) of Guinea-Bissau: description of two new species and faunistic notes

Two new species of ground beetles of the genus Chlaenius Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Guinea-Bissau are described: C. (Chlaeniostenus) kirschenhoferi n. sp. and C. (Chlaeniostenus) silvai n. sp., together with illustrations of their habitus and aedeagus. An annotated checklist of 20 species and subspecies of the tribes Chlaeniini and Rhopalomelini is provided, including data on general distribution, new country and new distribution records at country level. The list includes novel information from two entomological missions to that country carried out in 2006 and 2009 and also corrigenda data on previous published species. A new synonymy is established: Chlaenius (Paracallistoides) opisthographus Alluaud, 1934 is proposed as a junior synonym of Chlaenius (Chlaenius) zygogrammus LaFert-Snectre, 1851. Further, a dichotomic key is made available for the identification of the Guinea-Bissau species of Chlaenius (Chlaeniostenus) Kuntzen, 1919 subgenus. A historical review, as well as some considerations on the distribution and conservation status of these beetles in Guinea-Bissau is also presented.

A new species of Elimaea (Poaefoliana) Ingrisch (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China

One new species of leaf katydids, Elimaea (Poaefoliana) kiukiangensis sp. nov. from the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region, is described, based on recently collected material. Illustrations of mounted specimens including male genitalia, and habitat images are provided. A distribution map is also provided. The types are deposited in Insect Collection of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS).

Impact of urbanization on the abundance and distribution of Anophelines population in Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES

In urban areas, upsurge in population has resulted in more breeding sites for malaria vectors, and hence this scenario potentially undermine malaria elimination and control programs. The change in land use due to urbanization may result in the presence and distribution of malaria vectors. Understanding potential malaria vectors is essential for current and future malaria transmission control strategies. This study investigated the effects of rapid urbanization on malaria vectors An. culicifacies s.l. and An. stephensi L. in Ghaziabad district.

METHODS

Ghaziabad district which presents several levels of urbanization was selected for this study. Entomological investigations were conducted seasonally from 2014-2016 in the rural, urban, and peri-urban regions. Vector incrimination study was done using ELISA (confirmation by PCR) on suspected Anopheles vectors viz. An. culicifacies, An. stephensi, An. annularis and An. subpictus.

RESULTS

An. culicifacies showed alteration in distribution influenced by rural and agricultural land whereas An. stephensi was found to be influenced by artificial habitats and population growth.

INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION

The study also confirms the association between the abundance of malaria vectors and land use change.

Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1850 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) with notes on related genera

The genus Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1850 is revised and morphological cladistic analyses carried out including all of its species, as well as most of those of the related genera Vitalius Lucas, Silva & Bertani, 1993, Nhandu Lucas, 1983, Pterinopelma Pocock, 1901, Proshapalopus Mello-Leito, 1923, Eupalaestrus Pocock, 1901, Lasiocyano Galleti-Lima, Hamilton, Borges & Guadanucci, 2023, Parvicarina Galleti-Lima, Hamilton, Borges & Guadanucci, 2023, and Tekoapora Galleti-Lima, Hamilton, Borges & Guadanucci, 2023. A matrix with 50 terminal taxa, 2 continuous and 48 discrete characters was analyzed with TNT 1.5. The result shows a monophyletic Lasiodora as sister group of Nhandu, and Vitalius is the sister group of this clade. Lasiodora comprises 7 species: Lasiodora klugi (C. L. Koch, 1841) (type species), L. benedeni Bertkau, 1880, L. parahybana Mello-Leito, 1917, L. subcanens Mello-Leito, 1921, L. camurujipe n. sp., L. sertaneja n. sp., and L. franciscana n. sp. Lasiodora itabunae Mello-Leito, 1921 is considered a junior synonym of L. klugi. Lasiodora differens Chamberlin, 1917, L. curtior Chamberlin, 1917, L. mariannae Mello-Leito, 1921, L. difficilis Mello-Leito, 1921, L. erythrocythara Mello-Leito, 1921, and Acanthoscurria cristata Mello-Leito, 1923 are considered junior synonyms of L. benedeni. Lasiodora acanthognatha Mello-Leito, 1921 is considered junior synonym of L. parahybana. Lasiodora dulcicola Mello-Leito, 1921 is considered junior synonym of L. subcanens. Nhandu sylviae Sherwood, Gabriel & Brescovit, 2023 is considered junior synonym of Vitalius sorocabae Mello-Leito, 1923. The holotype of Crypsidromus isabellinus Ausserer, 1871 (type species of the genus) was reanalyzed and is considered the senior synonym of Proshapalopus anomalus Mello-Leito, 1923 (type species of the genus). Thus, the genus Crypsidromus Ausserer, 1871 is considered valid, removed from the synonymy with Lasiodora, and Proshapalopus is considered a junior synonym of Crypsidromus. The new combination C. multicuspidatus (Mello-Leito, 1929) n. comb. is established. Crypsidromus bolivianus Simon, 1892 is considered a junior synonym of Acanthoscurria insubtilis Simon, 1892. Five species from Costa Rica described in Crypsidromus are transferred back from Lasiodora: Crypsidromus brevibulbus Valerio, 1980 comb. rev., C. carinatus Valerio, 1980 comb. rev., C. icecu Valerio, 1980 comb. rev., C. puriscal Valerio, 1980 comb. rev., C. rubitarsus Valerio, 1980 comb. rev. Lasiodora lakoi Mello-Leito, 1943 is transferred to Megaphobema, making the new combination Megaphobema lakoi (Mello-Leito, 1943) n. comb. Lasiodora spinipes Ausserer, 1871 is transferred to Theraphosa, making the new combination Theraphosa spinipes (Ausserer, 1871) n. comb. Nhandu chromatus Schmidt, 2004 is transferred to Vitalius making the new combination Vitalius chromatus (Schmidt, 2004) n. comb. Lasiodora sternalis is transferred to Acanthoscurria making the new combination Acanthoscurria sternalis (Mello-Leito, 1923). Due to the homonymy with Acanthoscurria sternalis Pocock, 1903, the new name Acanthoscurria melloleitaoi nom. nov. is proposed. The following species are considered nomina dubia: Lasiodora saeva (Walckenaer, 1837), Lasiodora striatipes (Ausserer, 1871), Lasiodora moreni (Holmberg, 1876), Crypsidromus fallax Bertkau, 1880, Trechona pantherina Keyserling, 1891, Lasiodora bahiensis Strand, 1907, Lasiodora citharacantha Mello-Leito, 1921, Lasiodora cryptostigma Mello-Leito, 1921, Lasiodora dolichosterna Mello-Leito, 1921, Lasiodora fracta Mello-Leito, 1921, and Lasiodora pleoplectra Mello-Leito, 1921. A discussion on the relationship of Lasiodora, Nhandu, Vitalius, Pterinopelma and Crypsidromus as well maps with the distributions of all Lasiodora species are provided.

Description of five new species of the subgenus Tachycines (Gymnaeta) (Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae: Aemodogryllini) from caves in Guizhou, China

The genus Tachycines contains two subgenera: T. (Tachycines) and T. (Gymnaeta), and the species of this genus occur mainly in Southeast and East Asia, including Myanmar, Philippines, Vietnam, India, and China. Many species of the subgenus Tachycines (Gymnaeta) are cavernicolous. In this study, five new cave species of this subgenus, namely Tachycines (Gymnaeta) lingulatus sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) multispinus sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) microtuberculatus sp. nov., Tachycines (Gymnaeta) ovalius sp. nov., and Tachycines (Gymnaeta) conicus sp. nov., from Guizhou Province, China are identified and described. Morphological information of males and females of the five new species are provided.

Revision of the genus Ultragryllacris (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Gryllacridinae), with description of new species

The genus Ultragryllacris was revised. All its species and subspecies, including U. jiaranaisakuli sp. nov., U. chandra sp. nov. from Western Thailand and U. intermediata sp. nov. from Northern Thailand are here described and redescribed. They are known from Thailand and China. The new species differs from all the other representatives of this genus mainly in different body coloration, shape of projection of male 9th abdominal tergite and sclerotized area of female subgenital plate. The following taxonomical changes are also proposed: U. pulchra alboclypeata Gorochov et Dawwrueng, 2015, U. p. nan Ingrisch, 2018 and U. p. rubricapitis Bin et Bian, 2021 are raised to species status (U. alboclypeata stat. nov., U. nan stat. nov. and U. rubricapitis stat. nov.) due to some characteristic structures in both male and female; U. triangula Ingrisch, 2018 is downgraded to subspecies of U. alboclypeata (U. a. triangula stat. nov.). Previously unknown male of U. a. alboclypeata and female of U. nan are described. A key to all known species is given.

Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of three new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species

Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 is a cosmopolitan genus of big-headed flies (Pipunculidae), with nine known species in the Neotropical region, but completely unknown in Colombia. Three new species of Pipunculus are described from Colombia, namely Pipunculus caeruleus sp. nov. (type-locality: Pramo de Santa Ins, Belmira), P. chiminiguagua sp. nov. (type-locality: Cabaa Chaina, Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque) and P. planus sp. nov. (type-locality: Los Mudos, Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque). Illustrations and a new dichotomic key to the Neotropical species are presented. This paper increases the number of Neotropical Pipunculus to 11, five in South America and three in Colombia, which is now the South American country with the highest diversity of this genus.