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Piper JM, Langer O, Xenakis EM, McFarland M, Elliott BD, Berkus MD. Perinatal outcome in growth-restricted fetuses: do hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies differ? Obstet Gynecol 1996; 88:194-9. [PMID: 8692500 DOI: 10.1016/0029-7844(96)02169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that fetal growth restriction (FGR) associated with a maternal hypertensive disorder results in worse perinatal outcome than FGR in pregnancies without maternal hypertension. METHODS All consecutive, singleton, nondiabetic, small for gestational age (SGA) deliveries (birth weight at or below the tenth percentile for gestational age) in a 15-year computerized data base were analyzed for pregnancy outcome. Perinatal outcome was compared after stratification by presence or absence of hypertensive disorders and by gestational age at delivery. RESULTS Eleven thousand two hundred twenty-seven SGA pregnancies were analyzed. The morbidity and mortality profiles differed between hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies delivered preterm and those delivered at term. Perinatal mortality was significantly higher in the normotensive than in the hypertensive group in preterm deliveries (30.3 versus 18.7%, odds ratio [OR] 1.9 [confidence interval (CI) 1.3-2.9]). At term, hypertensive pregnancies demonstrated significantly higher mortality than normotensive pregnancies (4.6 versus 1.9%, OR 2.42 [95% CI 1.7-3.4]). In both preterm and term gestations, cesarean rates were significantly higher in hypertensive pregnancies than in normotensive pregnancies. Using logistic regression analysis, hypertension was independently associated with a 39% reduction in risk of perinatal mortality preterm, compared with a twofold increased risk of perinatal mortality at term. CONCLUSION Before term, FGR in normotensive women resulted in significantly higher perinatal mortality than FGR in hypertensive women. In contrast, at term, FGR in pregnancies complicated by hypertension had poorer perinatal outcomes than FGR in normotensive women.
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Huijzer JC, McFarland M, Niles RM, Meadows GG. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate enhances nm23 gene expression in murine melanocytes but not in syngeneic B16-BL6 melanoma variants. J Cell Physiol 1996; 166:487-94. [PMID: 8600152 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(199603)166:3<487::aid-jcp3>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The nm23 gene has been described as a potential metastasis suppressor gene in certain rodent and human tumors. We previously demonstrated that tyrosine and phenylalanine restriction suppresses metastatic heterogeneity of B16-BL6 murine melanoma and selects for tumor variants with decreased metastatic potential. In this study, we investigated nm23 expression in the highly metastatic B16-BL6 (ND) melanoma, its nutritionally derived poorly metastatic (LT) variant, and the syngeneic non-tumorigenic Mel-ab melanocytes. No differences in nm23 expression were observed between ND and LT cells, and nm23 expression varied between different isolates. Previously, we showed that metastatic potential of 1-ND cells decreases and is not altered in 1-LT cells after prolonged in vitro cell passage; however, nm23 expression is equivalently increased by 2-fold. In 2-ND and 2-LT cells, expression of nm23 is not different at higher in vitro cell passage. Expression of nm23 decreased about 2-fold when phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was removed from Mel-ab cells, which induces these cells to become quiescent. Although membrane-associated protein kinase C (PKC) activity decreased after prolonged PMA treatment in all cells, neither nm23 expression nor proliferation of ND and LT cells was affected by PMA. These data indicate that nm23 expression is related to proliferative activity rather than to the suppression of metastatic potential.
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Piper JM, Xenakis EM, McFarland M, Elliott BD, Berkus MD, Langer O. Do growth-retarded premature infants have different rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality than appropriately grown premature infants? Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87:169-74. [PMID: 8559517 DOI: 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if perinatal morbidity and mortality differ in growth-retarded, small for gestational age (SGA), premature infants and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. METHODS All consecutive, singleton, nondiabetic, preterm pregnancies delivered over a 15-year period were analyzed. Infants were categorized as SGA (at or below the tenth percentile) or AGA (11th to the 89th percentiles), then stratified by birth weight and gestational age categories. Perinatal morbidity and mortality were examined. RESULTS We studied 4183 preterm deliveries, 1012 of them SGA and 3171 of them AGA. Overall, we found significantly higher rates of fetal and neonatal death in the SGA group. Stratification by gestational age revealed significantly higher rates of neonatal death for the SGA group compared with the AGA group in each gestational age category. Overall, comparison also revealed significantly higher rates of fetal heart rate abnormality in the SGA group but no difference in neonatal sepsis, birth trauma, cesarean delivery, hyaline membrane disease, or congenital anomalies. CONCLUSION Growth-retarded premature infants have a significantly higher risk of morbidity and mortality, both before and after delivery, than do appropriately grown infants.
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McFarland M, Hod M, Piper JM, Xenakis EM, Langer O. Are labor abnormalities more common in shoulder dystocia? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173:1211-4. [PMID: 7485322 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(95)91355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the association between labor abnormalities and shoulder dystocia. STUDY DESIGN All consecutive cases of shoulder dystocia from January 1986 to August 1994 were reviewed (n = 276). For purposes of comparison a control group of vaginally delivered patients was randomly selected in a 2:1 ratio (n = 600). Charts were reviewed for demographic information, labor and delivery events, and neonatal outcome. RESULTS Labor abnormalities were comparable in the shoulder dystocia and control groups, both in the active phase and in the second stage. When patients with diabetes and those with macrosomic infants were analyzed separately, no significant differences in labor abnormalities were identified. The rate of operative vaginal delivery was significantly higher in the shoulder group, and one third of the operative deliveries were midpelvic. In addition, the induction rate was higher in the shoulder group. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that labor abnormalities may not serve as clinical predictors for subsequent development of shoulder dystocia, thus emphasizing the unpredictability of this condition.
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Avner DL, Movva R, Nelson KJ, McFarland M, Berry W, Erfling W. Comparison of once daily doses of lansoprazole (15, 30, and 60 mg) and placebo in patients with gastric ulcer. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90:1289-94. [PMID: 7639232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A multicenter, double-blind study was conducted in 268 patients to compare the safety and efficacy of 15, 30, and 60 mg of lansoprazole and placebo in the treatment of gastric ulcer. METHODS The study included an 8-wk treatment period to assess healing and a 6-month posttreatment period to evaluate ulcer recurrence. Endoscopies were performed, GI symptoms and antacid use were assessed, and safety evaluations were conducted, including serum gastrin and biopsies of the lesions and the greater curvature of the stomach. RESULTS At week 4, healing rates were significantly higher with lansoprazole 15 and 30 mg (64.6 and 58.1%, respectively) compared with placebo (37.5%). By week 8, healing rates were 76.7% with placebo, 92.2% with 15 mg of lansoprazole, 96.8% with 30 mg, and 93.2% with 60 mg of lansoprazole (p < 0.05). The drug was well tolerated, with no significant differences from placebo in the incidence of adverse events. Fasting serum gastrin increased in all lansoprazole groups, reaching a plateau by week 2 and returning to baseline levels by month 1 posttreatment. No significant increase in Grimelius-positive cells or inflammation was evident. All but two patients had normal gastric morphology evaluated by Solcia classification. CONCLUSIONS Lansoprazole, 15, 30, and 60 mg, administered once daily before eating, healed gastric ulcers to an approximately equal degree, and all were significantly better than placebo.
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McFarland M. Knowledge engineering of expert systems for nursing. COMPUTERS IN NURSING 1995; 13:32-7. [PMID: 7842377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Expert system technology and its derivatives will be core components of future health care information systems. Nursing presently lacks sufficient knowledge engineering resources to develop and implement expert system technology productively. In this article, knowledge engineering and its implications for nursing are described.
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McFarland M, Langer O. Hypertensive diseases in pregnancy. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC MINORITY PHYSICIANS : THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC MINORITY PHYSICIANS 1994; 5:98-106. [PMID: 7949827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, with potential adverse effects for both mother and fetus. Controversy exists in the classification and differential diagnosis of the hypertensive disorders, which include preeclampsia-eclampsia, chronic hypertension, preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, and transient hypertension. This review discusses the problems clinicians face in the diagnosis of these disorders, as well as key management issues. With proper diagnosis and treatment, pregnant hypertensive patients should be spared the most serious sequelae of hypertension, and most should enjoy a successful pregnancy outcome.
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McFarland M. Student attitude toward computer-assisted instruction. Nurse Educ 1993; 18:32, 38. [PMID: 8345923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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D'Angelo AJ, Marlowe A, Marlowe FI, McFarland M. Inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses in children. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 1992; 71:264-6. [PMID: 1451673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverted papillomas are rare nasal and sinus neoplasms in children. The disturbing biological characteristics of these tumors seen in adults, including malignant degeneration and the high frequency of recurrence, have been similarly observed in the pediatric population. Therefore, inverted papilloma in children mandates similar treatment to that proven effective in adults, including wide excision and careful histopathological examination of any tissue excised. Radiation therapy should be reserved for those tumors associated with carcinoma. Since recurrences can occur after long periods of time, life-long follow-up is warranted.
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McFarland M. Investigations of the environmental acceptability of fluorocarbon alternatives to chlorofluorocarbons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:807-11. [PMID: 11607257 PMCID: PMC48330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.3.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are currently used in systems for preservation of perishable foods and medical supplies, increasing worker productivity and consumer comfort, conserving energy and increasing product reliability. As use of CFCs is phased out due to concerns of ozone depletion, a variety of new chemicals and technologies will be needed to serve these needs. In choosing alternatives, industry must balance concerns over safety and environmental acceptability and still meet the preformance characteristics of the current technology, the only viable alternatives meeting the safety, performance, and environmental requirements for the remaining 40% of demand are fluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). HCFCs and HFCs possess many of the desirable properties of the CFCs, but because of the, hydrogen, they results in shorter atmospheric lifetimes compared to CFCs and reduces their potential to contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion or global warming; HFCs do not contain chlorine and have no potential to destroy ozone. This paper provides an overview of challenges faced by industry, regulators, and society in general in continuing to meet societal needs and consumer demands while reducing risk to the enviroment without compromising consumer or worker safety.
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Chen ST, Chang CD, Huebner K, Ku DH, McFarland M, DeRiel JK, Baserga R, Wurzel J. A human ADP/ATP translocase gene has seven pseudogenes and localizes to chromosome X. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1990; 16:143-9. [PMID: 2157297 DOI: 10.1007/bf01233044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There are at least three transcriptionally active human ADP/ATP translocase genes. We have isolated seven ADP/ATP translocase pseudogenes from recombinant human genomic libraries. Each pseudogene sequence had more than 85% identity with the sequence of the human ADP/ATP translocase cDNA derived from fibroblast mRNA, but each had mutations that precluded synthesis of a functional protein. Using an intron probe derived from a partial clone of the human fibroblast ADP/ATP translocase gene, we localized the gene to chromosome Xq13----Xq25-26. The gene encoding the skeletal muscle translocase has previously been shown to be on chromosome 4. Therefore, the human ADP/ATP translocase genes are members of a multigene family that includes pseudogenes and has been dispersed to at least two chromosomes.
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Ridley BA, McFarland M, Schmeltekopf AL, Proffitt MH, Albritton DL, Winkler RH, Thompson TL. Seasonal differences in the vertical distributions of NO, NO2, and O3in the stratosphere near 50°N. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/jd092id10p11919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McFarland M, Ridley BA, Proffitt MH, Albritton DL, Thompson TL, Harrop WJ, Winkler RH, Schmeltekopf AL. Simultaneous in situ measurements of nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, and ozone between 20 and 31 km. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id05p05421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hoell JM, Gregory GL, McDougal DS, Carroll MA, McFarland M, Ridley BA, Davis DD, Bradshaw J, Rodgers MO, Torres AL. An intercomparison of nitric oxide measurement techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1029/jd090id07p12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hoell JM, Gregory GL, Carroll MA, McFarland M, Ridley BA, Davis DD, Bradshaw J, Rodgers MO, Torres AL, Sachse GW, Hill GF, Condon EP, Rasmussen RA, Campbell MC, Farmer JC, Sheppard JC, Wang CC, Davis LI. An intercomparison of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl measurement techniques: Overview of results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/jd089id07p11819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Liu SC, McFarland M, Kley D, Zafiriou O, Huebert B. Tropospheric NOxand O3budgets in the equatorial Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic02p01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heaney JB, Hass G, McFarland M. Spinel (AI(2)O(3):MgO): refractive-index variations and lack of stoichiometry in evaporated films. APPLIED OPTICS 1981; 20:2335-2336. [PMID: 20332950 DOI: 10.1364/ao.20.002335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Liu SC, Kley D, McFarland M, Mahlman JD, Levy H. Reply [to “The distribution of NOxand the production of ozone: Comments on ‘On the origin of tropospheric ozone’ by S. C. Liu et al.”]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1029/jc086ic12p12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zafiriou OC, McFarland M. Nitric oxide from nitrite photolysis in the central equatorial Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1029/jc086ic04p03173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Albritton DL, Dotan I, Lindinger W, McFarland M, Tellinghuisen J, Fehsenfeld FC. Effects of ion speed distributions in flow‐drift tube studies of ion–neutral reactions. J Chem Phys 1977. [DOI: 10.1063/1.433986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lindinger W, McFarland M, Fehsenfeld FC, Albritton DL, Schmeltekopf AL, Ferguson EE. Translational and internal energy dependences of some ion–neutral reactions. J Chem Phys 1975. [DOI: 10.1063/1.431597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lindinger W, Albritton DL, McFarland M, Fehsenfeld FC, Schmeltekopf AL, Ferguson EE. Rate constants for the reactions of O2+(a 4Πu) ions with N2, Ar, CO, CO2,H2, and O2 at relative kinetic energies 0.04–2 eV. J Chem Phys 1975. [DOI: 10.1063/1.430286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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