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Sharma MK, Dhiman N, Vandana, Mishra VN. Mediative fuzzy logic mathematical model: A contradictory management prediction in COVID-19 pandemic. Appl Soft Comput 2021; 105:107285. [PMID: 33723486 PMCID: PMC7942162 DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a model based on mediative fuzzy logic in this COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 (novel coronavirus respiratory disease) has become a pandemic now and the whole world has been affected by this disease. Different methodologies and many prediction techniques based on various models have been developed so far. In the present article, we have developed a mediative fuzzy correlation technique based on the parameters for COVID-19 patients from different parts of India. The proposed mediative fuzzy correlation technique provides the relation between the increments of COVID-19 positive patients in terms of the passage of increment with respect to time. The peaks of infected cases in connection with the other condition are estimated from the available data. The mediative fuzzy logic mathematical model can be utilized to find a good fit or a contradictory model for any pandemic model. The proposed approach to the prediction in COVID-19 based on mediative fuzzy logic has produced promising results for the continuous contradictory prediction in India.
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Agarwal R, Dumpala RMR, Sharma MK, Yadav AK, Ghosh TK. Stabilization of uranyl(v) by dipicolinic acid in aqueous medium. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1486-1495. [PMID: 33439174 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03961f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of a stable U(v) complex in an aqueous medium is a challenging task owing to its disproportionation nature (conversion into more stable U(vi) and U(iv) species) and sensitivity to atmospheric oxygen. The stable uranyl (UO22+)/dipicolinic acid (DPA) complex ([U(VI)O2(DPA)(OH)(H2O)]-) was formed at pH 10.5-12.0, which was confirmed by potentiometric and spectrophotometric titrations, and NMR, ESI-MS and EXAFS spectroscopy. The complex [U(VI)O2(DPA)(OH)(H2O)]- can be electrochemically reduced on the Pt electrode at -0.9 eV (vs. Ag/AgCl) to [U(V)O2(DPA)(OH)(H2O)]2- in aqueous medium under an anaerobic environment. According to cyclic voltammetric analysis, a pair of oxidation and reduction waves at E'0 = -0.592 V corresponds to the [U(VI)O2(DPA)(OH)(H2O)]-/[U(V)O2(DPA)(OH)(H2O)]2- redox couple and the formation of [U(V)O2(DPA)(OH)(H2O)]2- was confirmed by the electron stoichiometry (n = 0.97 ± 0.05) of the reduction reaction of [U(VI)O2(DPA)(OH)(H2O)]-. The pentavalent uranyl complex [U(V)O2(DPA)(OH)(H2O)]2- was further characterized via UV-vis-NIR absorption spectrophotometry and X-ray absorption (XANES and EXAFS) spectroscopy. The [U(V)O2(DPA)(OH)(H2O)]2- complex is stable at pH 10.5-12.0 in anaerobic water for a few days. DFT calculation shows the strong complexing ability of DPA stabilizing the unstable oxidation state U(v) in aqueous medium.
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Kumar R, Mehrotra S, Michael RJ, Banu H, Sudhir PM, Sharma MK. Risky Riding and Its Correlates in Two-Wheeler Riding Young Men: Pillion Riders' Perspective. Indian J Community Med 2020; 45:328-332. [PMID: 33354013 PMCID: PMC7745793 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_357_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risky riding is one of the major contributing factors in road fatalities. The present study aimed to explore the risky riding behaviors and its correlates in two-wheeler riding young men, as ascertained from pillion riders' perspective. Materials and Methods A survey that captured perspective of pillion riders about two-wheeler riding young men with whom they used to pillion ride most frequently was administered on 115 subjects. The survey consisted of items pertaining to risky riding, perceived impact of negative emotion on riding, expression of negative emotion on roads in response to frustrating situations, road traffic accidents, and pillions' strategies to reduce anger/stress in their two-wheeler riders. Results Two-wheeler riders who comprised young men were categorized into two groups: (i) high-risk riding group (n = 54 [48%]) and (ii) low-risk riding group (n = 61 [52%]) based on the subjective report of risky riding behaviors by their pillion riders. The results showed that negative emotions were perceived to have adverse influence on riding in persons with high-risky riding. Pillion riders reported that two-wheeler riding young men with high-risky riding expressed more aggressive behaviors (verbal and nonverbal) while riding in response to frustrating situations and also experienced near misses and minor accidents more frequently than their counterparts. Pillion riders reported utilizing various strategies to regulate emotions and behaviors of two-wheeler riders. Conclusions The present study highlights assessing risky riding and their correlates from pillion riders' perspective and strengthening their positive influence on two-wheeler riding. It has significant implications in minimizing risky behaviors on roads and enhancing road safety.
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Kandpal M, Vishwakarma C, Krishnan K, Chinnusamy V, Pareek A, Sharma MK, Sharma R. Gene Expression Dynamics in Rice Peduncles at the Heading Stage. Front Genet 2020; 11:584678. [PMID: 33343630 PMCID: PMC7744745 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.584678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving grain yield in the staple food crop rice has been long sought goal of plant biotechnology. One of the traits with significant impact on rice breeding programs is peduncle elongation at the time of heading failing which leads to significant reduction in grain yield due to incomplete panicle exsertion. To decipher transcriptional dynamics and molecular players underlying peduncle elongation, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of elongating and non-elongating peduncles in two Indian cultivars, Swarna and Pokkali, at the time of heading. Along with genes associated with cell division and cell wall biosynthesis, we observed significant enrichment of genes associated with auxins, gibberellins, and brassinosteroid biosynthesis/signaling in the elongating peduncles before heading in both the genotypes. Similarly, genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism and mobilization, abiotic stress response along with cytokinin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene biosynthesis/signaling were enriched in non-elongating peduncles post heading. Significant enrichment of genes belonging to key transcription factor families highlights their specialized roles in peduncle elongation and grain filling before and after heading, respectively. A comparison with anther/pollen development-related genes provided 76 candidates with overlapping roles in anther/pollen development and peduncle elongation. Some of these are important for carbohydrate remobilization to the developing grains. These can be engineered to combat with incomplete panicle exsertion in male sterile lines and manipulate carbohydrate dynamics in grasses. Overall, this study provides baseline information about potential target genes for engineering peduncle elongation with implications on plant height, biomass composition and grain yields in rice.
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Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Lau GK, Zheng MH, Ji D, Abd-Elsalam S, Hwang J, Qi X, Cua IH, Suh JI, Park JG, Putcharoen O, Kaewdech A, Piratvisuth T, Treeprasertsuk S, Park S, Wejnaruemarn S, Payawal DA, Baatarkhuu O, Ahn SH, Yeo CD, Alonzo UR, Chinbayar T, Loho IM, Yokosuka O, Jafri W, Tan S, Soo LI, Tanwandee T, Gani R, Anand L, Esmail ES, Khalaf M, Alam S, Lin CY, Chuang WL, Soin AS, Garg HK, Kalista K, Batsukh B, Purnomo HD, Dara VP, Rathi P, Al Mahtab M, Shukla A, Sharma MK, Omata M. Pre-existing liver disease is associated with poor outcome in patients with SARS CoV2 infection; The APCOLIS Study (APASL COVID-19 Liver Injury Spectrum Study). Hepatol Int 2020; 14:690-700. [PMID: 32623632 PMCID: PMC7334898 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS COVID-19 is a dominant pulmonary disease, with multisystem involvement, depending upon comorbidities. Its profile in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) is largely unknown. We studied the liver injury patterns of SARS-Cov-2 in CLD patients, with or without cirrhosis. METHODS Data was collected from 13 Asian countries on patients with CLD, known or newly diagnosed, with confirmed COVID-19. RESULTS Altogether, 228 patients [185 CLD without cirrhosis and 43 with cirrhosis] were enrolled, with comorbidities in nearly 80%. Metabolism associated fatty liver disease (113, 61%) and viral etiology (26, 60%) were common. In CLD without cirrhosis, diabetes [57.7% vs 39.7%, OR = 2.1 (1.1-3.7), p = 0.01] and in cirrhotics, obesity, [64.3% vs. 17.2%, OR = 8.1 (1.9-38.8), p = 0.002] predisposed more to liver injury than those without these. Forty three percent of CLD without cirrhosis presented as acute liver injury and 20% cirrhotics presented with either acute-on-chronic liver failure [5 (11.6%)] or acute decompensation [4 (9%)]. Liver related complications increased (p < 0.05) with stage of liver disease; a Child-Turcotte Pugh score of 9 or more at presentation predicted high mortality [AUROC 0.94, HR = 19.2 (95 CI 2.3-163.3), p < 0.001, sensitivity 85.7% and specificity 94.4%). In decompensated cirrhotics, the liver injury was progressive in 57% patients, with 43% mortality. Rising bilirubin and AST/ALT ratio predicted mortality among cirrhosis patients. CONCLUSIONS SARS-Cov-2 infection causes significant liver injury in CLD patients, decompensating one fifth of cirrhosis, and worsening the clinical status of the already decompensated. The CLD patients with diabetes and obesity are more vulnerable and should be closely monitored.
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Singh V, Kumar N, Dwivedi AK, Sharma R, Sharma MK. Phylogenomic Analysis of R2R3 MYB Transcription Factors in Sorghum and their Role in Conditioning Biofuel Syndrome. Curr Genomics 2020; 21:138-154. [PMID: 32655308 PMCID: PMC7324873 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921666200326152119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large scale cultivation of sorghum for food, feed, and biofuel requires concerted efforts for engineering multipurpose cultivars with optimised agronomic traits. Due to their vital role in regulating the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, biomass composition, biotic, and abiotic stress response, R2R3-MYB family transcription factors are ideal targets for improving environmental resilience and economic value of sorghum. Methods We used diverse computational biology tools to survey the sorghum genome to identify R2R3-MYB transcription factors followed by their structural and phylogenomic analysis. We used in-house generated as well as publicly available high throughput expression data to analyse the R2R3 expression patterns in various sorghum tissue types. Results We have identified a total of 134 R2R3-MYB genes from sorghum and developed a framework to predict gene functions. Collating information from the physical location, duplication, structural analysis, orthologous sequences, phylogeny, and expression patterns revealed the role of duplications in clade-wise expansion of the R2R3-MYB family as well as intra-clade functional diversification. Using publicly available and in-house generated RNA sequencing data, we provide MYB candidates for conditioning biofuel syndrome by engineering phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and sugar signalling pathways in sorghum. Conclusion The results presented here are pivotal to prioritize MYB genes for functional validation and optimize agronomic traits in sorghum.
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Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Lau GK, Zheng MH, Ji D, Abd-Elsalam S, Hwang J, Qi X, Cua IH, Suh JI, Park JG, Putcharoen O, Kaewdech A, Piratvisuth T, Treeprasertsuk S, Park S, Wejnaruemarn S, Payawal DA, Baatarkhuu O, Ahn SH, Yeo CD, Alonzo UR, Chinbayar T, Loho IM, Yokosuka O, Jafri W, Tan S, Soo LI, Tanwandee T, Gani R, Anand L, Esmail ES, Khalaf M, Alam S, Lin CY, Chuang WL, Soin AS, Garg HK, Kalista K, Batsukh B, Purnomo HD, Dara VP, Rathi P, Al Mahtab M, Shukla A, Sharma MK, Omata M. Pre-existing liver disease is associated with poor outcome in patients with SARS CoV2 infection; The APCOLIS Study (APASL COVID-19 Liver Injury Spectrum Study). Hepatol Int 2020. [PMID: 32623632 DOI: 10.1007/s12072‐020‐10072‐8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS COVID-19 is a dominant pulmonary disease, with multisystem involvement, depending upon comorbidities. Its profile in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) is largely unknown. We studied the liver injury patterns of SARS-Cov-2 in CLD patients, with or without cirrhosis. METHODS Data was collected from 13 Asian countries on patients with CLD, known or newly diagnosed, with confirmed COVID-19. RESULTS Altogether, 228 patients [185 CLD without cirrhosis and 43 with cirrhosis] were enrolled, with comorbidities in nearly 80%. Metabolism associated fatty liver disease (113, 61%) and viral etiology (26, 60%) were common. In CLD without cirrhosis, diabetes [57.7% vs 39.7%, OR = 2.1 (1.1-3.7), p = 0.01] and in cirrhotics, obesity, [64.3% vs. 17.2%, OR = 8.1 (1.9-38.8), p = 0.002] predisposed more to liver injury than those without these. Forty three percent of CLD without cirrhosis presented as acute liver injury and 20% cirrhotics presented with either acute-on-chronic liver failure [5 (11.6%)] or acute decompensation [4 (9%)]. Liver related complications increased (p < 0.05) with stage of liver disease; a Child-Turcotte Pugh score of 9 or more at presentation predicted high mortality [AUROC 0.94, HR = 19.2 (95 CI 2.3-163.3), p < 0.001, sensitivity 85.7% and specificity 94.4%). In decompensated cirrhotics, the liver injury was progressive in 57% patients, with 43% mortality. Rising bilirubin and AST/ALT ratio predicted mortality among cirrhosis patients. CONCLUSIONS SARS-Cov-2 infection causes significant liver injury in CLD patients, decompensating one fifth of cirrhosis, and worsening the clinical status of the already decompensated. The CLD patients with diabetes and obesity are more vulnerable and should be closely monitored.
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Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Lau GK, Zheng M, Ji D, Abd-elsalam S, Hwang J, Qi X, Cua IH, Suh JI, Park JG, Putcharoen O, Kaewdech A, Piratvisuth T, Treeprasertsuk S, Park S, Wejnaruemarn S, Payawal DA, Baatarkhuu O, Ahn SH, Yeo CD, Alonzo UR, Chinbayar T, Loho IM, Yokosuka O, Jafri W, Tan S, Soo LI, Tanwandee T, Gani R, Anand L, Esmail ES, Khalaf M, Alam S, Lin C, Chuang W, Soin AS, Garg HK, Kalista K, Batsukh B, Purnomo HD, Dara VP, Rathi P, Mahtab MA, Shukla A, Sharma MK, Omata M. Pre-existing liver disease is associated with poor outcome in patients with SARS CoV2 infection; The APCOLIS Study (APASL COVID-19 Liver Injury Spectrum Study).. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-36338/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims: COVID-19 is a dominant pulmonary disease, with multisystem involvement, depending upon co morbidities. Its profile in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) is largely unknown. We studied the liver injury patterns of SARS-Cov-2 in CLD patients, with or without cirrhosis. Methods: Data was collected from 13 Asian countries on patients with CLD, known or newly diagnosed, with confirmed COVID-19. Result: Altogether, 228 patients [185 CLD without cirrhosis and 43 with cirrhosis] were enrolled, with comorbidities in nearly 80%. Metabolism associated fatty liver disease (113, 61%) and viral etiology (26, 60%) were common. In CLD without cirrhosis, diabetes [57.7% vs 39.7%, OR=2.1(1.1-3.7), p=0.01] and in cirrhotics, obesity, [64.3% vs. 17.2%, OR=8.1(1.9-38.8), p=0.002) predisposed more to liver injury than those without these. Forty three percent of CLD without cirrhosis presented as acute liver injury and 20% cirrhotics presented with either acute-on-chronic liver failure [5(11.6%)] or acute decompensation [4(9%)]. Liver related complications increased (p<0.05) with stage of liver disease; a Child-Turcotte Pugh score of 9 or more at presentation predicted high mortality [AUROC-0.94, HR=19.2(95CI 2.3-163.3), p<0.001, sensitivity 85.7% and specificity 94.4%). In decompensated cirrhotics, the liver injury was progressive in 57% patients, with 43% mortality. Rising bilirubin and AST/ALT ratio predicted mortality among cirrhosis. Conclusions: SARS-Cov-2 infection causes significant liver injury in CLD patients, decompensating one fifth of cirrhosis, and worsening the clinical status of the already decompensated. The CLD patients with diabetes and obesity are more vulnerable and should be closely monitored.
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Fabian ID, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, Abdulqader RA, Adamou Boubacar S, Ademola-Popoola DS, Adio A, Afshar AR, Aggarwal P, Aghaji AE, Ahmad A, Akib MNR, Al Harby L, Al Ani MH, Alakbarova A, Portabella SA, Al-Badri SAF, Alcasabas APA, Al-Dahmash SA, Alejos A, Alemany-Rubio E, Alfa Bio AI, Alfonso Carreras Y, Al-Haddad C, Al-Hussaini HHY, Ali AM, Alia DB, Al-Jadiry MF, Al-Jumaily U, Alkatan HM, All-Eriksson C, Al-Mafrachi AARM, Almeida AA, Alsawidi KM, Al-Shaheen AASM, Al-Shammary EH, Amiruddin PO, Antonino R, Astbury NJ, Atalay HT, Atchaneeyasakul LO, Atsiaya R, Attaseth T, Aung TH, Ayala S, Baizakova B, Balaguer J, Balayeva R, Balwierz W, Barranco H, Bascaran C, Beck Popovic M, Benavides R, Benmiloud S, Bennani Guebessi N, Berete RC, Berry JL, Bhaduri A, Bhat S, Biddulph SJ, Biewald EM, Bobrova N, Boehme M, Boldt HC, Bonanomi MTBC, Bornfeld N, Bouda GC, Bouguila H, Boumedane A, Brennan RC, Brichard BG, Buaboonnam J, Calderón-Sotelo P, Calle Jara DA, Camuglia JE, Cano MR, Capra M, Cassoux N, Castela G, Castillo L, Català-Mora J, Chantada GL, Chaudhry S, Chaugule SS, Chauhan A, Chawla B, Chernodrinska VS, Chiwanga FS, Chuluunbat T, Cieslik K, Cockcroft RL, Comsa C, Correa ZM, Correa Llano MG, Corson TW, Cowan-Lyn KE, Csóka M, Cui X, Da Gama IV, Dangboon W, Das A, Das S, Davanzo JM, Davidson A, De Potter P, Delgado KQ, Demirci H, Desjardins L, Diaz Coronado RY, Dimaras H, Dodgshun AJ, Donaldson C, Donato Macedo CR, Dragomir MD, Du Y, Du Bruyn M, Edison KS, Eka Sutyawan IW, El Kettani A, Elbahi AM, Elder JE, Elgalaly D, Elhaddad AM, Elhassan MMA, Elzembely MM, Essuman VA, Evina TGA, Fadoo Z, Fandiño AC, Faranoush M, Fasina O, Fernández DDPG, Fernández-Teijeiro A, Foster A, Frenkel S, Fu LD, Fuentes-Alabi SL, Gallie BL, Gandiwa M, Garcia JL, García Aldana D, Gassant PY, Geel JA, Ghassemi F, Girón AV, Gizachew Z, Goenz MA, Gold AS, Goldberg-Lavid M, Gole GA, Gomel N, Gonzalez E, Gonzalez Perez G, González-Rodríguez L, Garcia Pacheco HN, Graells J, Green L, Gregersen PA, Grigorovski NDAK, Guedenon KM, Gunasekera DS, Gündüz AK, Gupta H, Gupta S, Hadjistilianou T, Hamel P, Hamid SA, Hamzah N, Hansen ED, Harbour JW, Hartnett ME, Hasanreisoglu M, Hassan S, Hassan S, Hederova S, Hernandez J, Hernandez LMC, Hessissen L, Hordofa DF, Huang LC, Hubbard GB, Hummlen M, Husakova K, Hussein Al-Janabi AN, Ida R, Ilic VR, Jairaj V, Jeeva I, Jenkinson H, Ji X, Jo DH, Johnson KP, Johnson WJ, Jones MM, Kabesha TBA, Kabore RL, Kaliki S, Kalinaki A, Kantar M, Kao LY, Kardava T, Kebudi R, Kepak T, Keren-Froim N, Khan ZJ, Khaqan HA, Khauv P, Kheir WJ, Khetan V, Khodabande A, Khotenashvili Z, Kim JW, Kim JH, Kiratli H, Kivelä TT, Klett A, Komba Palet JEK, Krivaitiene D, Kruger M, Kulvichit K, Kuntorini MW, Kyara A, Lachmann ES, Lam CPS, Lam GC, Larson SA, Latinovic S, Laurenti KD, Le BHA, Lecuona K, Leverant AA, Li C, Limbu B, Long QB, López JP, Lukamba RM, Lumbroso L, Luna-Fineman S, Lutfi D, Lysytsia L, Magrath GN, Mahajan A, Majeed AR, Maka E, Makan M, Makimbetov EK, Manda C, Martín Begue N, Mason L, Mason JO, Matende IO, Materin M, Mattosinho CCDS, Matua M, Mayet I, Mbumba FB, McKenzie JD, Medina-Sanson A, Mehrvar A, Mengesha AA, Menon V, Mercado GJVD, Mets MB, Midena E, Mishra DKC, Mndeme FG, Mohamedani AA, Mohammad MT, Moll AC, Montero MM, Morales RA, Moreira C, Mruthyunjaya P, Msina MS, Msukwa G, Mudaliar SS, Muma KI, Munier FL, Murgoi G, Murray TG, Musa KO, Mushtaq A, Mustak H, Muyen OM, Naidu G, Nair AG, Naumenko L, Ndoye Roth PA, Nency YM, Neroev V, Ngo H, Nieves RM, Nikitovic M, Nkanga ED, Nkumbe H, Nuruddin M, Nyaywa M, Obono-Obiang G, Oguego NC, Olechowski A, Oliver SCN, Osei-Bonsu P, Ossandon D, Paez-Escamilla MA, Pagarra H, Painter SL, Paintsil V, Paiva L, Pal BP, Palanivelu MS, Papyan R, Parrozzani R, Parulekar M, Pascual Morales CR, Paton KE, Pawinska-Wasikowska K, Pe'er J, Peña A, Peric S, Pham CTM, Philbert R, Plager DA, Pochop P, Polania RA, Polyakov VG, Pompe MT, Pons JJ, Prat D, Prom V, Purwanto I, Qadir AO, Qayyum S, Qian J, Rahman A, Rahman S, Rahmat J, Rajkarnikar P, Ramanjulu R, Ramasubramanian A, Ramirez-Ortiz MA, Raobela L, Rashid R, Reddy MA, Reich E, Renner LA, Reynders D, Ribadu D, Riheia MM, Ritter-Sovinz P, Rojanaporn D, Romero L, Roy SR, Saab RH, Saakyan S, Sabhan AH, Sagoo MS, Said AMA, Saiju R, Salas B, San Román Pacheco S, Sánchez GL, Sayalith P, Scanlan TA, Schefler AC, Schoeman J, Sedaghat A, Seregard S, Seth R, Shah AS, Shakoor SA, Sharma MK, Sherief ST, Shetye NG, Shields CL, Siddiqui SN, Sidi Cheikh S, Silva S, Singh AD, Singh N, Singh U, Singha P, Sitorus RS, Skalet AH, Soebagjo HD, Sorochynska T, Ssali G, Stacey AW, Staffieri SE, Stahl ED, Stathopoulos C, Stirn Kranjc B, Stones DK, Strahlendorf C, Suarez MEC, Sultana S, Sun X, Sundy M, Superstein R, Supriyadi E, Surukrattanaskul S, Suzuki S, Svojgr K, Sylla F, Tamamyan G, Tan D, Tandili A, Tarrillo Leiva FF, Tashvighi M, Tateshi B, Tehuteru ES, Teixeira LF, Teh KH, Theophile T, Toledano H, Trang DL, Traoré F, Trichaiyaporn S, Tuncer S, Tyau-Tyau H, Umar AB, Unal E, Uner OE, Urbak SF, Ushakova TL, Usmanov RH, Valeina S, van Hoefen Wijsard M, Varadisai A, Vasquez L, Vaughan LO, Veleva-Krasteva NV, Verma N, Victor AA, Viksnins M, Villacís Chafla EG, Vishnevskia-Dai V, Vora T, Wachtel AE, Wackernagel W, Waddell K, Wade PD, Wali AH, Wang YZ, Weiss A, Wilson MW, Wime ADC, Wiwatwongwana A, Wiwatwongwana D, Wolley Dod C, Wongwai P, Xiang D, Xiao Y, Yam JC, Yang H, Yanga JM, Yaqub MA, Yarovaya VA, Yarovoy AA, Ye H, Yousef YA, Yuliawati P, Zapata López AM, Zein E, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zheng X, Zhilyaeva K, Zia N, Ziko OAO, Zondervan M, Bowman R. Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level. JAMA Oncol 2020; 6:685-695. [PMID: 32105305 PMCID: PMC7047856 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs.
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Jat SK, Bhattacharya J, Sharma MK. Nanomaterial based gene delivery: a promising method for plant genome engineering. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4165-4175. [PMID: 32285905 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention from researchers in recent years due to their unique architecture and small dimensions. Significant progress has been made in the therapeutics, diagnostics, and delivery of biomolecules in animal cells. However, nanotechnology is still in its infancy in plant science. Nanotechnology offers tremendous opportunities for crop improvement and would make significant contributions to increase agricultural productivity. There are several reports where nanomaterial-induced improvement of the agronomic traits has been successfully achieved. However, very little is known about the interactions of nanomaterials with plant cells and the mechanism of internalization and delivery of biomolecules using nanoparticles as a carrier. Due to the presence of the cell wall, the delivery of biomolecules such as nucleic acids is a major challenge, which limits the application of nanomaterials in genetic engineering-mediated crop improvement. However, in recent years, the use of various nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, etc. for nucleic acid delivery in plant cells has been reported as proof of concept. Here, we intend to update researchers about the use of various nanomaterials as a novel gene delivery tool for plant genetic engineering. This review also explores the progress made in nanoparticle-mediated nucleic acid delivery in plant cells and their role in plant genome engineering.
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Gupta R, Vats B, Pandey AK, Sharma MK, Sahu P, Yadav AK, Ali SM, Kannan S. Insight into Speciation and Electrochemistry of Uranyl Ions in Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:181-189. [PMID: 31804081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the speciation of metal ions in heterogeneous hydrogen-bonded deep eutectic solvents (DES) has immense importance for their wide range of applications in green technology, environmental remediation, and nuclear industry. Unfortunately, the fundamental nature of the interaction between DES and actinide ions is almost completely unknown. In the present work, we outline the speciation, solvation mechanism, and redox chemistry of uranyl ion (UO22+) in DES consisting of choline chloride (ChCl) and urea as the hydrogen-bond donor. Electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques along with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have provided a microscopic insight into the solvation and speciation of the UO22+ ion in DES and also on associated changes in physical composition of the DES. The hydrogen-bonded structure of DES plays an important role in the redox behavior of the UO22+ ion because of its strong complexation with DES components. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and MD simulations showed strong covalent interactions of uranyl ions with the constituents of DES, which led to rearrangement of the hydrogen-bonding network in it without formation of any clusters or aggregations. This, in turn, stabilizes the most unstable pentavalent uranium (UO2+) in the DES. MD analysis also highlights the fact that the number of H-bonds is reduced in the presence of uranyl nitrate irrespective of the presence of water with respect to pristine reline, which suggests high stability of the formed complexed species. The effect of added water up to 20 v/v % on speciation is insignificant for DES, but the presence of water influences the redox chemistry of UO22+ ions considerably. The fundamental findings of the present work would have far reaching consequences on understanding DES, particularly for application in the field of nuclear fuel reprocessing.
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Chandran AKN, Moon S, Yoo YH, Gho YS, Cao P, Sharma R, Sharma MK, Ronald PC, Jung KH. A web-based tool for the prediction of rice transcription factor function. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2020; 2019:5511305. [PMID: 31169887 PMCID: PMC6553503 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are an important class of regulatory molecules. Despite their importance, only a small number of genes encoding TFs have been characterized in Oryza sativa (rice), often because gene duplication and functional redundancy complicate their analysis. To address this challenge, we developed a web-based tool called the Rice Transcription Factor Phylogenomics Database (RTFDB) and demonstrate its application for predicting TF function. The RTFDB hosts transcriptome and co-expression analyses. Sources include high-throughput data from oligonucleotide microarray (Affymetrix and Agilent) as well as RNA-Seq-based expression profiles. We used the RTFDB to identify tissue-specific and stress-related gene expression. Subsequently, 273 genes preferentially expressed in specific tissues or organs, 455 genes showing a differential expression pattern in response to 4 abiotic stresses, 179 genes responsive to infection of various pathogens and 512 genes showing differential accumulation in response to various hormone treatments were identified through the meta-expression analysis. Pairwise Pearson correlation coefficient analysis between paralogous genes in a phylogenetic tree was used to assess their expression collinearity and thereby provides a hint on their genetic redundancy. Integrating transcriptome with the gene evolutionary information reveals the possible functional redundancy or dominance played by paralog genes in a highly duplicated genome such as rice. With this method, we estimated a predominant role for 83.3% (65/78) of the TF or transcriptional regulator genes that had been characterized via loss-of-function studies. In this regard, the proposed method is applicable for functional studies of other plant species with annotated genome.
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Sharma MK, Kumar M. Sulphate contamination in groundwater and its remediation: an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:74. [PMID: 31897853 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-8051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most abundant form of sulphur in the geosphere has been sulphate. Sulphate, with sulphur in the plus six oxidation state is very stable. Sources of sulphate in groundwater include mineral dissolution, atmospheric deposition and other anthropogenic sources (mining, fertilizer, etc.). Gypsum is an important contributor to the high levels of sulphate in many aquifer of the world. Sulphate is not as much as toxic, but it can cause catharsis, dehydration and diarrhoea, and when ingested in higher amount through dietary absorption, the levels of methaemoglobin and sulphaemoglobin are changed in human and animal body. The role of sulphate in aqueous phase and sedimentary phase has been discussed. There is only limited work on sulphate pollution remediation in groundwater at national and international level; therefore, in the light of rising attention in sulphate as a contaminant, different sources of sulphate, its distribution and available different remediation techniques for groundwater system reported so far have been discussed in the present paper. Abiologic processes' thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR) also plays significant role in reduction of sulphate.
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Patidar Y, Chalamarla LK, Mukund A, Rastogi A, Sharma MK. Comparative Study of Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Omental Biopsy in Cirrhotics and Noncirrhotics. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 10:194-200. [PMID: 32405175 PMCID: PMC7212299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided (US-guided) omental biopsy in patients with liver cirrhosis and compare these with the noncirrhotic patients. METHODS We retrospectively studied the US-guided omental biopsies (73 males, 14 females with mean age 52.71 ± 15.90 y) between January 2012 and December 2018. Patients with biopsy-proven liver cirrhosis (n = 31) who underwent omental biopsy were included in Group 1, and patients without any features of the chronic liver disease (n = 56) were included in Group 2. The technical success, diagnostic parameters, complications, imaging appearance, and histopathology spectrum were compared between the two groups. Also, univariate analysis was done to evaluate the association of a parameter with histopathology. RESULTS The technical success, sample adequacy, diagnostic accuracy of Group 1 were 100%, 96.77%, and 96.77%, respectively, and for Group 2, these were 100%, 98.21%, and 98.21%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of Group 1 were 95%, 100%, 100%, 91.67%, respectively, and for Group 2, these were 97.92%, 100%, 100%, 88.89%, respectively. There was one complication of abdominal wall hematoma in Group 1 (3.2%), which was managed conservatively. Smudged imaging appearance and nonspecific inflammation on histopathology were more common in Group 1, and there was a significant association of increased omental thickening with specific pathology in Group 1. CONCLUSION US-guided omental biopsy in patients with liver cirrhosis is safe and effective with comparable results to noncirrhotic patients.
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Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Lau G, Zheng MH, Ji D, Abd-Elsalam S, Hwang J, Qi X, Cua IH, Suh JI, Putcharoen O, Kaewdech A, Piratvisuth T, Treeprasertsuk S, Park S, Wejnaruemarn S, Payawal DA, Baatarkhuu O, Ahn SH, Yeo CD, Alonzo UR, Chinbayar T, Loho IM, Yokosuka O, Jafri W, Tan S, Soo LI, Tanwandee T, Gani R, Anand L, Esmail ES, Khalaf M, Alam S, Lin CY, Chuang WL, Soin AS, Garg HK, Kalista K, Batsukh B, Purnomo HD, Dara VP, Rathi P, Mahtab MA, Shukla A, Sharma MK, Omata M, Task Force APASLCOVID, Spectrum Study APASLCOVIDLI. Pre-Existing Liver Disease Is Associated with Poor Outcome in Patients with SARS CoV-2 Infection; The APCOLIS Study (APASL COVID-19 Liver Injury Spectrum Study). SSRN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3611970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Patel AK, Sharma MK. A Mysterious case of Intramuscular hematoma. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2020; 68:98. [PMID: 31979919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Grover N, Thakur B, Sharma MK. Fragmentation analysis of 88Mo * compound nucleus in view of different decay mechanisms. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023203004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In reference to the experimental data, the decay mechanism of 88Mo* compound system formed in 48Ti+40Ca reaction is investigated at three beam energies (Ebeam = 300, 450, and 600 MeV) using the collective clusterization approach of Dynamical Cluster decay Model (DCM). The calculations are done for spherical choice of fragmentation and with the inclusion of quadrupole (β2) deformations having “optimum” orientations. According to the experimental evidence 88Mo* decays via Fusion-Evaporation (FE) and Fusion-Fission (FF) processes, thus the decay cross-sections of this hot and rotating compound system are calculated for both channels. In FF decay mode, the explicit contribution of Intermediate Mass Fragments (IMF), Heavy Mass Fragments (HMF) and fission fragments (symmetric/asymmetric) is detected within DCM framework. The calculated FE and FF decay cross-sections find nice agreement with the available experimental data. Experimentally, it has been observed that the total contribution of FE and FF decay cross-sections is less than the total reaction cross-sections possibly due to the presence of some nCN component such as deep inelastic collisions (DIC), which generally contributes above critical angular momentum (ℓcr). The possibility of DIC contribution can be addressed as a future assignment in view of diminishing pocket of interaction potential above ℓcr.
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Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Sharma MK, Maiwall R, Al Mahtab M, Rahman S, Saigal S, Saraf N, Soin AS, Devarbhavi H, Kim DJ, Dhiman RK, Duseja A, Taneja S, Eapen CE, Goel A, Ning Q, Chen T, Ma K, Duan Z, Yu C, Treeprasertsuk S, Hamid SS, Butt AS, Jafri W, Shukla A, Saraswat V, Tan SS, Sood A, Midha V, Goyal O, Ghazinyan H, Arora A, Hu J, Sahu M, Rao PN, Lee GH, Lim SG, Lesmana LA, Lesmana CR, Shah S, Prasad VGM, Payawal DA, Abbas Z, Dokmeci AK, Sollano JD, Carpio G, Shresta A, Lau GK, Fazal Karim M, Shiha G, Gani R, Kalista KF, Yuen MF, Alam S, Khanna R, Sood V, Lal BB, Pamecha V, Jindal A, Rajan V, Arora V, Yokosuka O, Niriella MA, Li H, Qi X, Tanaka A, Mochida S, Chaudhuri DR, Gane E, Win KM, Chen WT, Rela M, Kapoor D, Rastogi A, Kale P, Rastogi A, Sharma CB, Bajpai M, Singh V, Premkumar M, Maharashi S, Olithselvan A, Philips CA, Srivastava A, Yachha SK, Wani ZA, Thapa BR, Saraya A, Kumar A, Wadhawan M, Gupta S, Madan K, Sakhuja P, Vij V, Sharma BC, Garg H, Garg V, Kalal C, Anand L, Vyas T, Mathur RP, Kumar G, Jain P, Pasupuleti SSR, Chawla YK, Chowdhury A, Alam S, Song DS, Yang JM, Yoon EL. Correction to: Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver (APASL): an update. Hepatol Int 2019; 13:826-828. [PMID: 31595462 PMCID: PMC6861344 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-09980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The article Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver (APASL): an update, written by [Shiv Sarin], was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on June 06, 2019 without open access.
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Kumar R, Sudhir PM, Michael RJ, Sharma MK, Chakrabarty N, Mehrotra S. Self-Reported Anger: Vulnerability for Risky Behaviors in Two-Wheeler Riding Young Men. Indian J Psychol Med 2019; 41:375-379. [PMID: 31391672 PMCID: PMC6657477 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_414_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aggressive driving and road accidents are major concerns in the public health sector. This study aimed to explore risk to aggressive and risky behaviors on the road in two-wheeler riding young men. METHODS The study comprised 433 young male two-wheeler riders from an urban city of India. A two-wheeler riding survey that captured subjective perception of difficulty in managing anger in general, easy provocability to anger, and aggressive and risky behaviors on the road, and Negative Mood Regulation (NMR) scale were administered. RESULTS Of the 433 participants, 83 (19%) reported experiencing problematic anger in general, whereas 175 (40.42%) did not endorse experiencing problematic anger. Based on this, two groups were formed, namely, problematic anger-present group and problematic anger-absent group. The problematic anger-present group reported high score on easy provocability to anger, difficulty in controlling anger, specific motives related to riding fast than usual, and severity of aggressive responses to frustrating situations while riding, and low score on NMR scale. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION This study highlights the relevance of assessing subjective perception of problematic anger in two-wheeler riding young men. This has implications for designing interventions for enhancing road safety.
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Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Sharma MK, Maiwall R, Al Mahtab M, Rahman S, Saigal S, Saraf N, Soin AS, Devarbhavi H, Kim DJ, Dhiman RK, Duseja A, Taneja S, Eapen CE, Goel A, Ning Q, Chen T, Ma K, Duan Z, Yu C, Treeprasertsuk S, Hamid SS, Butt AS, Jafri W, Shukla A, Saraswat V, Tan SS, Sood A, Midha V, Goyal O, Ghazinyan H, Arora A, Hu J, Sahu M, Rao PN, Lee GH, Lim SG, Lesmana LA, Lesmana CR, Shah S, Prasad VGM, Payawal DA, Abbas Z, Dokmeci AK, Sollano JD, Carpio G, Shresta A, Lau GK, Fazal Karim M, Shiha G, Gani R, Kalista KF, Yuen MF, Alam S, Khanna R, Sood V, Lal BB, Pamecha V, Jindal A, Rajan V, Arora V, Yokosuka O, Niriella MA, Li H, Qi X, Tanaka A, Mochida S, Chaudhuri DR, Gane E, Win KM, Chen WT, Rela M, Kapoor D, Rastogi A, Kale P, Rastogi A, Sharma CB, Bajpai M, Singh V, Premkumar M, Maharashi S, Olithselvan A, Philips CA, Srivastava A, Yachha SK, Wani ZA, Thapa BR, Saraya A, Shalimar, Kumar A, Wadhawan M, Gupta S, Madan K, Sakhuja P, Vij V, Sharma BC, Garg H, Garg V, Kalal C, Anand L, Vyas T, Mathur RP, Kumar G, Jain P, Pasupuleti SSR, Chawla YK, Chowdhury A, Alam S, Song DS, Yang JM, Yoon EL. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver (APASL): an update. Hepatol Int 2019; 13:353-390. [PMID: 31172417 PMCID: PMC6728300 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-09946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The first consensus report of the working party of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) set up in 2004 on acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) was published in 2009. With international groups volunteering to join, the "APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC)" was formed in 2012, which continued to collect prospective ACLF patient data. Based on the prospective data analysis of nearly 1400 patients, the AARC consensus was published in 2014. In the past nearly four-and-a-half years, the AARC database has been enriched to about 5200 cases by major hepatology centers across Asia. The data published during the interim period were carefully analyzed and areas of contention and new developments in the field of ACLF were prioritized in a systematic manner. The AARC database was also approached for answering some of the issues where published data were limited, such as liver failure grading, its impact on the 'Golden Therapeutic Window', extrahepatic organ dysfunction and failure, development of sepsis, distinctive features of acute decompensation from ACLF and pediatric ACLF and the issues were analyzed. These initiatives concluded in a two-day meeting in October 2018 at New Delhi with finalization of the new AARC consensus. Only those statements, which were based on evidence using the Grade System and were unanimously recommended, were accepted. Finalized statements were again circulated to all the experts and subsequently presented at the AARC investigators meeting at the AASLD in November 2018. The suggestions from the experts were used to revise and finalize the consensus. After detailed deliberations and data analysis, the original definition of ACLF was found to withstand the test of time and be able to identify a homogenous group of patients presenting with liver failure. New management options including the algorithms for the management of coagulation disorders, renal replacement therapy, sepsis, variceal bleed, antivirals and criteria for liver transplantation for ACLF patients were proposed. The final consensus statements along with the relevant background information and areas requiring future studies are presented here.
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Agarwal R, Sharma MK, Noronha DM, Gamare JS, Jayachandran K. Influence of sulfuric acid concentration in the simultaneous voltammetric determination of uranium and plutonium in nuclear fuels. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7875-7883. [PMID: 31074756 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00875f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial coupled chemical reaction between U(iv) (formed at the electrode surface) and Pu(iv) (diffuses from the bulk towards the electrode) regenerates U(vi) at the electrode-solution interface and causes enhancement in the U(vi) reduction current, thus creating problems in the simultaneous voltammetric determination of U and Pu. Despite such interference between U(iv) and Pu(iv), the simultaneous voltammetric determination of U and Pu in FBTR Mark-1 fuel samples in sulfuric acid (1 M H2SO4) on a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS)-modified glassy-carbon (GC) electrode (PEDOT-PSS/GC) has been reported. However, the reported method is applicable only for FBTR mark-1 fuel samples, in which the ratio [Pu]/[U] > 2 is always maintained. For nuclear samples having [Pu]/[U] < 2 (e.g., PFBR fuel), the simultaneous voltammetric determination of U and Pu is extremely challenging. Herein, we report a modified version of the earlier method for the simultaneous determination of U and Pu in nuclear samples ((U, Pu)C and (U, Pu)O2), irrespective of the [Pu]/[U] ratio. The effect of acidity (H2SO4 conc.) on the coupled chemical reaction between U(iv) and Pu(iv) was examined. It was observed that an increase in the acidity of H2SO4 minimized the coupled chemical reaction, and at 5 M H2SO4, change in the Pu(iv) concentration did not have any effect on the U(vi) reduction current. The coupled chemical reaction between U(iv) and Pu(iv) ceased at 5 M H2SO4 and hence, the simultaneous voltammetric determination of U and Pu was possible on PEDOT-PSS/GC, irrespective of the [Pu]/[U] ratio in 5 M H2SO4. The method was applied for both (U, Pu)O2 (PFBR) and (U, Pu)C (FBTR) samples and was compared with the well-established biamperometric method. The present method shows accuracy and precision comparable to biamperometry and did not show any interference from the commonly encountered impurities in nuclear samples. Thus, both FBTR and PFBR nuclear fuels having different [Pu]/[U] ratios can be analyzed by the present approach and it is a strong competitor to replace the well-established biamperometric method for routine sample analysis.
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Sharma MK, Thayyen RJ, Jain CK, Arora M, Lal S. Assessment of system characteristics of Gangotri glacier headwater stream. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:842-851. [PMID: 30708299 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study examine the major ion chemistry and p(CO2) variations of Ganga headwater stream for a stretch of 18 km from Gangotri glacier snout at Gomukh to Gangotri for characterising the open and closed system conditions and its temporal variations. The study has been carried out at three locations along the stream continuum, at the glacier snout (0 km), Bhojwasa (4 km) and Gangotri (18 km) covering three consecutive melt seasons from the year 2014 to 2016 and reveals the persistence of closed system conditions along the stream stretch. The year 2014 and 2016 melt seasons experience high p(CO2) closed system conditions associated with high suspended sediment flux, whereas the year 2015 experienced low p(CO2) closed system condition associated with low sediment flux suggesting in-stream sulphide oxidation during high sediment flux years and results into low values of the C-ratio. On the other hand, the melt season with low sediment flux such as the year 2015 showed dominance of HCO3- over SO42- and higher C-ratio. The study shows that the headwater reach of River Bhagirathi from Gomukh to Gangotri has prevalence of high p(CO2) closed system characteristics associated with high sediment flux and dominance of SO42- during the seasonal peak flow. This is suggested as a unique characteristic of the meltwaters of the upper Bhagirathi basin.
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Jamwal KD, Maiwall R, Sharma MK, Kumar G, Sarin SK. Case Control Study of Post-endoscopic Variceal Ligation Bleeding Ulcers in Severe Liver Disease: Outcomes and Management. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2019; 7:32-39. [PMID: 30944817 PMCID: PMC6441646 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2018.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The management of post-endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) bleeding ulcers (PEBUs) is currently based on local expertise and patients liver disease status. The present retrospective study investigated associations between the endoscopic morphology of PEBUs and patient outcomes. Methods: Patients underwent EVL (primary or secondary), from January 2015 to January 2018, in two tertiary care hospitals in India (ILBS New Delhi and Dharamshila Narayana New Delhi). Mortality rates were determined at post-EVL day five and week six. PEBUs were typified based on Jamwal & Sarin classification system as follows: A, ulcer with active spurting; B, ulcer with ooze; C, ulcer base with visible vessel or clot; and D, clean or pigmented base. Results: Of 3854 EVL procedures, 141 (3.6%) patients developed PEBU, and 46/141 (32.6%) suffered mortality. Among the former, the PEBU types A, B, C, and D accounted for 17.7, 26.2, 36.3, and 19.8%, respectively. Of those who died, 39.1, 30.4, 21.7, and 8.8% had PEBU types A, B, C, and D. Treatments included transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS), esophageal self-expandable metal stent (SEMS), glue and sclerosant injection, Sengstaken-Blakemore tube placement and liver transplant. On univariate analysis, no correlation with hepatic venous pressure gradient, TIPS placement, size of varices, or number of bands was found. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-sodium score correlated positively with outcome. After adjusting for MELD-sodium score, mortality was best predicted by type-A ulcer (p = 0.024; OR 8.95, CI 1.34-59.72). Conclusions: PEBU occurred in 3.6% of a large EVL cohort. Stratifying patients based on PEBU type can help predict outcomes, independent of the MELD-sodium score. Classifying PEBUs by endoscopic morphology may inform treatment strategies, and warrants further validation.
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Hallford DJ, Sharma MK. Anticipatory pleasure for future experiences in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and major depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 58:357-383. [PMID: 30854671 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deficits in anticipating pleasure may be an important dimension of anhedonia and functioning in psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia and depression; however, inconsistent findings have limited the conclusions that can be drawn. We conducted the first systemic review and meta-analysis of the extant literature for research comparing psychiatric groups to healthy control groups on anticipatory pleasure. METHODS Academic Search Complete, Science Direct, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched up to 9 June 2018 for relevant peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and dissertations. Reference lists were also hand searched. A total of 36 studies were included in the review. RESULTS A moderate-sized deficit was observed in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (k = 32, 1,851 patients and 1,449 controls, g = -0.42 [95% CI = -0.53 to -0.31], p < .001), and a large deficit in major depression (k = 415 patients and 506 controls, g = -0.87 [95% CI = -1.23 to -0.51], p < .001), with this effect being significantly larger for depression (p < .05). Meta-regression showed that heterogeneity was partially explained in schizophrenia spectrum by longer duration of illness and lower cognitive functioning predicting larger deficits. In depression, some evidence was found that ruling out a history of psychiatric illness in controls may be related to larger effects. There was evidence for small study bias inflating estimates in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in anticipatory pleasure are manifest in these disorders, and significantly more so in major depression. These findings indicate a possible therapeutic target to link cognitive, affective, and behavioural factors that precipitate and maintain disorder. PRACTITIONER POINTS Anticipatory pleasure is impaired in schizophrenia spectrum and major depression. A particular focus on enhancing anticipatory pleasure may improve motivation for rewarding behaviour and psychosocial functioning. The review contained only a small number of studies for major depression. Given the heterogeneity in effects, there are likely to be more moderators of anticipatory pleasure that require examination.
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Singh S, Ghosh NC, Krishan G, Kumar S, Gurjar S, Sharma MK. Development of indices for surface and ground water quality assessment and characterization for Indian conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:182. [PMID: 30798363 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water quality indices are mathematical equations that transform water quality data into a particular number which describe the status of water. A number of water quality indices have been developed by various researchers for categorizing the water quality for different uses. These indices are developed based on classification criteria, sub-indices, and aggregation function. In the present study, a generalized Composite Water Quality Index (CWQI) is developed to classify the water into five categories, viz excellent, good, fair, poor, and polluted. For this purpose, the concentration ranges have been categorized on the basis of the Indian Standards (IS) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) standards and considering International standards of World Health Organization (WHO) and European Commission (EC). Twenty-five water quality parameters are selected based on the social and environmental impacts, and weights are computed using the Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) tool. These parameters are selected such that the same indices can be used to assess the quality of both surface and ground water. The computed weights minimize the subjectivity in assigning the parameter weights. The proposed index improves understanding of water quality issues by integrating complex data and generates a score which describes the status of water quality. The index will be very useful for the water management authorities to maintain good health of surface water resources.
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