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Abstract
The pharmacological treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is indicated when men suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) but there are no absolute indications for prostate surgery or severe bladder outlet obstruction. Phytotherapy can be used in men with mild to moderate LUTS and alpha-blockers can quickly and effectively decrease the LUTS and symptomatic disease progression. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-I) are an alternative to alpha-blockers when men experience bothersome side effects from alpha-blockers or erectile dysfunction. If patients predominantly have bladder storage symptoms and a small prostate, muscarinic receptor antagonists are a viable treatment option. The combination of alpha-blocker plus muscarinic receptor antagonist is more efficacious in reducing LUTS than the single drugs alone. The 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors (5ARI) can significantly decrease LUTS and disease progression (e.g. acute urinary retention and need for prostate surgery) in men with larger prostates (> 30-40 ml). The combination of 5ARI plus alpha-blocker can reduce LUTS and disease progression more effectively than drug monotherapy. Combination therapy with PDE5-I (tadalafil) plus 5ARI (finasteride) reduces LUTS more substantially than 5ARI alone and, additionally, PDE5-Is reduce the sexual side effects during 5ARI treatment.
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Bunse CE, Tischer S, Lahrberg J, Oelke M, Figueiredo C, Blasczyk R, Eiz-Vesper B. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor impairs CD8(+) T cell functionality by interfering with central activation elements. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:107-18. [PMID: 26990855 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides mobilizing stem cells into the periphery, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to influence various types of innate and adaptive immune cells. For example, it impairs the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). It is assumed that this effect is mediated indirectly by monocytes, regulatory T cells and immunomodulatory cytokines influenced by G-CSF. In this study, isolated G-CSF-treated CD8(+) T cells were stimulated antigen-dependently with peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC)-coupled artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) or stimulated antigen-independently with anti-CD3/CD28 stimulator beads. By measuring the changes in interferon (IFN)-γ and granzyme B expression at the mRNA and protein level, we showed for the first time that G-CSF has a direct effect on CD8(+) CTLs, which was confirmed based on the reduced production of IFN-γ and granzyme B by the cytotoxic T cell line TALL-104 after G-CSF treatment. By investigating further elements affected by G-CSF in CTLs from stem cell donors and untreated controls, we found a decreased phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) and CD3ζ after G-CSF treatment. Additionally, miRNA-155 and activation marker expression levels were reduced. In summary, our results show that G-CSF directly influences the effector function of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells and affects various elements of T cell activation.
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Tiper IV, Temkin SM, Spiegel S, Goldblum SE, Giuntoli RL, Oelke M, Schneck JP, Webb TJ. VEGF Potentiates GD3-Mediated Immunosuppression by Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4249-58. [PMID: 27076627 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Natural killer T (NKT) cells are important mediators of antitumor immune responses. We have previously shown that ovarian cancers shed the ganglioside GD3, which inhibits NKT-cell activation. Ovarian cancers also secrete high levels of VEGF. In this study, we sought to test the hypothesis that VEGF production by ovarian cancers suppresses NKT-cell-mediated antitumor responses. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To investigate the effects of VEGF on CD1d-mediated NKT-cell activation, a conditioned media model was established, wherein the supernatants from ovarian cancer cell lines (OV-CAR-3 and SK-OV-3) were used to treat CD1d-expressing antigen-presenting cells (APC) and cocultured with NKT hybridomas. Ovarian cancer-associated VEGF was inhibited by treatment with bevacizumab and genistein; conditioned medium was collected, and CD1d-mediated NKT-cell responses were assayed by ELISA. RESULTS Ovarian cancer tissue and ascites contain lymphocytic infiltrates, suggesting that immune cells traffic to tumors, but are then inhibited by immunosuppressive molecules within the tumor microenvironment. OV-CAR-3 and SK-OV-3 cell lines produce high levels of VEGF and GD3. Pretreatment of APCs with ascites or conditioned medium from OV-CAR-3 and SK-OV-3 blocked CD1d-mediated NKT-cell activation. Inhibition of VEGF resulted in a concomitant reduction in GD3 levels and restoration of NKT-cell responses. CONCLUSIONS We found that VEGF inhibition restores NKT-cell function in an in vitro ovarian cancer model. These studies suggest that the combination of immune modulation with antiangiogenic treatment has therapeutic potential in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4249-58. ©2016 AACR.
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Bauer RM, Oelke M, Hübner W, Grabbert M, Kirschner-Hermanns R, Anding R. [Urinary incontinence in men]. Urologe A 2016; 54:887-99; quiz 900. [PMID: 26081822 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-015-3826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stress urinary incontinence in men is predominantly iatrogenic whereby radical prostatectomy is the most common cause with persistent stress urinary incontinence rates varying between 10 % and 25 %. The first line therapy for postoperative male stress urinary incontinence is physiotherapy, especially pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation. If conservative treatment fails to show sufficient improvement, surgical therapy is recommended. Several treatment options are currently available for the surgical treatment of male stress urinary incontinence including artificial sphincters, adjustable and functional sling systems, bulking agents and implantable balloon systems.
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Varela JC, Schuetz C, Oelke M, Schneck J. Rapid Expansion of Tumor-Specific T Cells Using Nanoparticle-Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPCs). Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.11.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vlachopoulos C, Oelke M, Maggi M, Mulhall JP, Rosenberg MT, Brock GB, Esler A, Büttner H. Impact of cardiovascular risk factors and related comorbid conditions and medical therapy reported at baseline on the treatment response to tadalafil 5 mg once-daily in men with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: an integrated analysis of four randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trials. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:1496-507. [PMID: 26299520 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of cardiovascular risk factors/comorbidities on response to oral once-daily tadalafil 5 mg was explored in men with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). METHODS This post hoc analysis pooled data from four double-blind studies in which 1498 men with > 6-mo history of LUTS/BPH were randomised and received either once-daily placebo (n = 746) or tadalafil 5 mg (n = 752) for 12 weeks. Descriptive statistics were reported for changes in total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS voiding and storage subscores, and IPSS quality-of-life (QoL) index. Treatment group differences by baseline clinical and cardiovascular factors and medical therapies were examined using analysis of covariance. RESULTS Tadalafil was effective in men with LUTS/BPH and cardiovascular risk factors/comorbidities except for patients receiving > 1 antihypertensive medication. Placebo-adjusted least squares (LS) mean improvements in total IPSS were -1.2 (95% CI: -2.5 to -0.0) in men taking > 1 antihypertensive medication vs. -3.3 (95% CI: -4.4 to -2.1) in men taking one medication (interaction p = 0.020). In addition, placebo-adjusted LS mean improvements in total IPSS were -0.2 (95% CI, -2.1 to 1.7) in men who reported use of diuretics vs. -2.8 (95% CI, -3.7 to -1.9) in men who reported taking other antihypertensive medications vs. -2.3 (95% CI, -3.2 to -1.5) in men who reported not using any antihypertensive drug (p-value for interaction = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS Once-daily tadalafil 5 mg improved LUTS/BPH, regardless of severity, in men with coexisting cardiovascular risk factors/comorbidities, except for patients with history of > 1 drug for arterial hypertension. Use of diuretics may contribute to patients' perception of a negated efficacy of tadalafil on LUTS/BPH. Comorbidities should be considered when choosing the optimal medicine to treat men with LUTS/BPH.
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Najarro K, Nguyen H, Chen G, Xu M, Alcorta S, Yao X, Zukley L, Metter EJ, Truong T, Lin Y, Li H, Oelke M, Xu X, Ling SM, Longo DL, Schneck J, Leng S, Ferrucci L, Weng NP. Telomere Length as an Indicator of the Robustness of B- and T-Cell Response to Influenza in Older Adults. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:1261-9. [PMID: 25828247 PMCID: PMC4577042 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres provide a key mechanism for protecting the integrity of chromosomes and their attrition after cell division and during aging are evident in lymphocytes. However, the significance of telomere shortening in age-associated decline of immune function is unknown. METHODS We selected 22 HLA-A2-positive healthy older adults who have relatively short or long telomere lengths to compare their antibody response against the influenza vaccine, and their CD8(+) T-cell response against an influenza antigen. RESULTS B cells from individuals with a robust antibody response to the influenza vaccine had significantly longer telomeres than those with a poor antibody response. Monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells of both short and long telomere groups induced similar expansions of influenza M1-specific CD8(+) T cells. Vaccination did not increase M1-specific CD8(+) T cells in blood, but M1-specific CD8(+) T cells from the long telomere group exhibited significantly greater expansion in vitro than those from the short telomere group. Finally, M1-specific CD8(+) T cells that underwent more expansions had significantly longer telomeres than cells with fewer divisions. CONCLUSIONS Telomere length is positively associated with a robust lymphocyte response, and telomere attrition may contribute to the age-associated decline of adaptive immunity.
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Wehling M, Becher K, Castro-Diaz D, Chartier-Kastler E, Kirby M, Wagg A, Pazan F, Oelke M. O-049: An approach towards optimization of long-term pharmacotherapy of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in elderly people. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(15)30062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Perica K, Bieler JG, Schütz C, Varela JC, Douglass J, Skora A, Chiu YL, Oelke M, Kinzler K, Zhou S, Vogelstein B, Schneck JP. Enrichment and Expansion with Nanoscale Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6861-71. [PMID: 26171764 PMCID: PMC5082131 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) can mediate durable regression of cancer, but widespread adoption of AIT is limited by the cost and complexity of generating tumor-specific T cells. Here we develop an Enrichment + Expansion strategy using paramagnetic, nanoscale artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) to rapidly expand tumor-specific T cells from rare naïve precursors and predicted neo-epitope responses. Nano-aAPC are capable of enriching rare tumor-specific T cells in a magnetic column and subsequently activating them to induce proliferation. Enrichment + Expansion resulted in greater than 1000-fold expansion of both mouse and human tumor-specific T cells in 1 week, with nano-aAPC based enrichment conferring a proliferation advantage during both in vitro culture and after adoptive transfer in vivo. Robust T cell responses were seen not only for shared tumor antigens, but also for computationally predicted neo-epitopes. Streamlining the rapid generation of large numbers of tumor-specific T cells in a cost-effective fashion through Enrichment + Expansion can be a powerful tool for immunotherapy.
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Bruns H, Bessell C, Varela JC, Haupt C, Fang J, Pasemann S, Mackensen A, Oelke M, Schneck JP, Schütz C. CD47 Enhances In Vivo Functionality of Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:2075-83. [PMID: 25593301 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Artificial antigen-presenting cells, aAPC, have successfully been used to stimulate antigen-specific T-cell responses in vitro as well as in vivo. Although aAPC compare favorably with autologous dendritic cells in vitro, their effect in vivo might be diminished through rapid clearance by macrophages. Therefore, to prevent uptake and minimize clearance of aAPC by macrophages, thereby increasing in vivo functionality, we investigated the efficiency of "don't eat me" three-signal aAPC compared with classical two-signal aAPC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To generate "don't eat me" aAPC, CD47 was additionally immobilized onto classical aAPC (aAPC(CD47+)). aAPC and aAPC(CD47+) were analyzed in in vitro human primary T-cell and macrophage cocultures. In vivo efficiency was compared in a NOD/SCID T-cell proliferation and a B16-SIY melanoma model. RESULTS This study demonstrates that aAPC(CD47+) in coculture with human macrophages show a CD47 concentration-dependent inhibition of phagocytosis, whereas their ability to generate and expand antigen-specific T cells was not affected. Furthermore, aAPC(CD47+)-generated T cells displayed equivalent killing abilities and polyfunctionality when compared with aAPC-generated T cells. In addition, in vivo studies demonstrated an enhanced stimulatory capacity and tumor inhibition of aAPC(CD47+) over normal aAPC in conjunction with diverging biodistribution in different organs. CONCLUSIONS Our data for the first time show that aAPC functionalized with CD47 maintain their stimulatory capacity in vitro and demonstrate enhanced in vivo efficiency. Thus, these next-generation aAPC(CD47+) have a unique potential to enhance the application of the aAPC technology for future immunotherapy approaches.
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Gacci M, Carini M, Salvi M, Sebastianelli A, Vignozzi L, Corona G, Maggi M, McVary KT, Kaplan SA, Oelke M, Serni S. Management of benign prostatic hyperplasia: role of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Drugs Aging 2015; 31:425-39. [PMID: 24811735 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-014-0177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted a strong association between benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED), particularly in elderly men. Many epidemiological trials, such as in vitro and in vivo studies, have reported the emerging role of metabolic syndrome, including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hypertension, in the development and progression of urinary and sexual symptoms. Moreover, many authors have focused their studies on the identification of all the shared pathogenetic mechanisms of LUTS/BPH and ED, including alteration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate and RhoA-ROCK pathways or vascular and neurogenic dysfunction. All these are potential targets for proposed phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is). Therefore, several trials have recently been designed to evaluate the role of PDE5-Is alone or in combination with conventional treatment for BPH, such as α-adrenergic blockers, in men affected by LUTS/BPH, with or without ED. Different PDE5-Is are in clinical use worldwide and currently six of them are licensed for the oral treatment of ED. All these compounds differ in pharmacokinetic factors, with influence on drug action, and subsequently in the overall safety and efficacy profile.
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Abstract
Harnessing the immune system to recognize and destroy tumor cells has been the central goal of anti-cancer immunotherapy. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in optimizing this technology in order to make it a clinically feasible treatment. One of the main treatment modalities within cancer immunotherapy has been adoptive T cell therapy (ACT). Using this approach, tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells are infused into cancer patients with the goal of recognizing, targeting, and destroying tumor cells. In the current review, we revisit some of the major successes of ACT, the major hurdles that have been overcome to optimize ACT, the remaining challenges, and future approaches to make ACT widely available.
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Perica K, Bieler J, Schuetz C, Varela J, Oelke M, Schneck J. Enrichment and expansion with nanoscale artificial antigen presenting cells for T cell adoptive immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2014. [PMCID: PMC4288630 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-s3-p34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Schütz C, Perica K, Varela J, Haupt C, Oelke M, Schneck J. Antigen-specific T cell redirectors (ATR) for antigen-specific redirection of T cells to tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2014. [PMCID: PMC4288634 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-s3-p36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Schütz C, Zoso A, Peng S, Bennett JD, Schneck JP, Oelke M. MHC-Ig induces memory T cell formation in vivo and inhibits tumour growth. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2014; 2:181-92. [PMID: 25505552 PMCID: PMC4257763 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Induction of a T cell mediated immune response is critical for the eradication of viral infections and tumours. Soluble peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex-Ig (pep−MHC-Ig) have been shown to bind their cognate ligands, T cell receptor, with high affinity, and are successfully used to visualize antigen-specific T cells. Furthermore, immobilized pep−MHC-Ig can activate and expand antigen-specific T cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigate the use of pep−MHC-Ig as a potential strategy to modulate antigen specific T cell immune responses in vivo. SIY−Kb-Ig immunization, together with the pre-activation by an anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, is able to stimulate a strong expansion of adoptively transferred 2C transgenic T cells and the formation of long term antigen-specific memory T cells. In addition, mechanistic studies show that the pep−MHC-Ig molecules directly activate T cells in vivo without requiring uptake and reprocessing by antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, B6 mice immunized with pep−MHC-Ig molecules inhibit tumour growth in a B16-SIY melanoma prevention model. Thus, soluble pep−MHC-Ig molecules represent a powerful tool for active immunotherapy.
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Schütz C, Fleck M, Schneck JP, Oelke M. Killer artificial antigen presenting cells (KaAPC) for efficient in vitro depletion of human antigen-specific T cells. J Vis Exp 2014:e51859. [PMID: 25145915 PMCID: PMC4710085 DOI: 10.3791/51859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment of T cell mediated autoimmune diseases relies mostly on strategies of global immunosuppression, which, in the long term, is accompanied by adverse side effects such as a reduced ability to control infections or malignancies. Therefore, new approaches need to be developed that target only the disease mediating cells and leave the remaining immune system intact. Over the past decade a variety of cell based immunotherapy strategies to modulate T cell mediated immune responses have been developed. Most of these approaches rely on tolerance-inducing antigen presenting cells (APC). However, in addition to being technically difficult and cumbersome, such cell-based approaches are highly sensitive to cytotoxic T cell responses, which limits their therapeutic capacity. Here we present a protocol for the generation of non-cellular killer artificial antigen presenting cells (KaAPC), which allows for the depletion of pathologic T cells while leaving the remaining immune system untouched and functional. KaAPC is an alternative solution to cellular immunotherapy which has potential for treating autoimmune diseases and allograft rejections by regulating undesirable T cell responses in an antigen specific fashion.
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Chen G, Solokina A, Li H, Truong T, Oelke M, Wersto R, Schneck J, Leng S, Weng NP. Different competency of CMV-pp65 or Flu-M1 specific CD8+ T cells in naïve and central memory population in healthy human adults (TRAN3P.885). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.202.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The competency of antigen specific (Ag+) lymphocytes plays a critical role in the outcome of an adaptive immune response during an infection. Although the precursor frequency of Ag+ T cells often serves as an indicator, the evaluation of the proliferative capacity of Ag+ T cells of healthy humans to known viral antigens is limited. Here, we compared CD8 T cell responses to the antigen from cytomegalovirus (CMV-pp65) or influenza virus (Flu-M1) using an artificial antigen presenting system in vitro. We found that CD8 T cell responses (proliferation and Granzyme B production) to these two antigens varied in 23 healthy adults analyzed. The antigen specific CD8 T cell expansion did not correlate with the precursor frequency of total Ag+ CD8 T cells. Further comparing the response of isolated naïve (Tn) and central memory (Tcm) CD8 T cells showed that Tcm expanded more than Tn did to both antigens. Finally, we found that longer telomere lengths in CD8 T cells were positively correlated with the better expansion of these Ag+ CD8 T cells. Together, our study shows that antigen specific CD8 T cell response to CMV-pp65 and Flu-M1 is varied in healthy adults and the capacity of proliferation of these Ag+ CD8 T cells depends partly on the telomere length in these cells.
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Chiu YL, Sung B, Joy J, Blankson J, Oelke M, Schneck J. Induction of polyfunctional human memory T cells by Wnt pathway activation (VAC3P.949). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.73.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Polyfunctionality is a hallmark of protective immunity against pathogens and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the induction of polyfunctional T cells are not completely understood. We found that during antigen-driven expansion of human virus-specific T cells, Wnt pathway activation enhances the CD62L+, CD28+, and KLRG1- central memory T cell phenotype and promoted the generation of highly polyfunctional virus-specific T cells. Such effects are not only seen in influenza-specific responses but also in terminally differentiated CMV- and HIV-specific T cells. Mechanistically induction of polyfunctionality was independent of arresting antigen-specific cell expansion and is T cell-intrinsic. These findings provide the first evidence that Wnt pathway activation leads to polyfunctional antigen-specific memory human T cells responses and therefore have implications for treatment of chronic viral infections and cancer.
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Chiu YL, Shan L, Huang H, Haupt C, Bessell C, Canaday DH, Zhang H, Ho YC, Powell JD, Oelke M, Margolick JB, Blankson JN, Griffin DE, Schneck JP. Sprouty-2 regulates HIV-specific T cell polyfunctionality. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:198-208. [PMID: 24292711 DOI: 10.1172/jci70510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of individual T cells to perform multiple effector functions is crucial for protective immunity against viruses and cancer. This polyfunctionality is frequently lost during chronic infections; however, the molecular mechanisms driving T cell polyfunctionality are poorly understood. We found that human T cells stimulated by a high concentration of antigen lacked polyfunctionality and expressed a transcription profile similar to that of exhausted T cells. One specific pathway implicated by the transcription profile in control of T cell polyfunctionality was the MAPK/ERK pathway. This pathway was altered in response to different antigen concentrations, and polyfunctionality correlated with upregulation of phosphorylated ERK. T cells that were stimulated with a high concentration of antigen upregulated sprouty-2 (SPRY2), a negative regulator of the MAPK/ERK pathway. The clinical relevance of SPRY2 was confirmed by examining SPRY2 expression in HIV-specific T cells, where high levels of SPRY2 were seen in HIV-specific T cells and inhibition of SPRY2 expression enhanced the HIV-specific polyfunctional response independently of the PD-1 pathway. Our findings indicate that increased SPRY2 expression during chronic viral infection reduces T cell polyfunctionality and identify SPRY2 as a potential target for immunotherapy.
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Becher K, Oelke M, Grass-Kapanke B, Flohr J, Mueller EA, Papenkordt U, Schulte-Frei B, Steinwachs KC, Süss S, Wehling M. Improving the health care of geriatric patients: management of urinary incontinence: a position paper. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 46:456-64. [PMID: 23619707 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-013-0491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary German expert group met in 2012 to discuss the current status and prospects of health care of geriatric patients with urinary incontinence in Germany. The purpose of this position paper is to raise awareness among health care providers for the challenges associated with adequate management of urinary incontinence in frail elderly. The experts agree that a multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for the successful treatment of urinary incontinence symptoms which are often associated with loss of autonomy and social isolation. For most geriatric patients, usually the general practitioner is the first contact when seeking help. Hence, the general practitioner plays a crucial role in the coordination of diagnosis and treatment. The involved health care providers should have adequate education and training in their respective disciplines and should be networked allowing quick turnaround times. Non-pharmacological treatments (e.g. behavioural interventions) should have been tried before any pharmacotherapy is initiated. If pharmacological treatment of urinary incontinence involves the use of anticholinergic agents, cognitive performance should be monitored regularly. If indicated, anticholinergic agents with a documented efficacy and safety profile, explicitly assessed in the elderly population, should be preferred.
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Chiu YL, Sung BY, Bessell C, Oelke M, Schneck J. Wnt pathway activation functionally reprograms human antigen-specific T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2014. [PMCID: PMC4288641 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-s3-p4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Perica K, De León Medero A, Durai M, Chiu YL, Bieler JG, Sibener L, Niemöller M, Assenmacher M, Richter A, Edidin M, Oelke M, Schneck J. Nanoscale artificial antigen presenting cells for T cell immunotherapy. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:119-29. [PMID: 23891987 PMCID: PMC4114774 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC), which deliver stimulatory signals to cytotoxic lymphocytes, are a powerful tool for both adoptive and active immunotherapy. Thus far, aAPC have been synthesized by coupling T cell activating proteins such as CD3 or MHC-peptide to micron-sized beads. Nanoscale platforms have different trafficking and biophysical interaction properties and may allow development of new immunotherapeutic strategies. We therefore manufactured aAPC based on two types of nanoscale particle platforms: biocompatible iron-dextran paramagnetic particles (50-100 nm in diameter) and avidin-coated quantum dot nanocrystals (~30 nm). Nanoscale aAPC induced antigen-specific T cell proliferation from mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood T cells. When injected in vivo, both iron-dextran particles and quantum dot nanocrystals enhanced tumor rejection in a subcutaneous mouse melanoma model. This is the first description of nanoscale aAPC that induce antigen-specific T cell proliferation in vitro and lead to effective T cell stimulation and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Artifical antigen presenting cells could revolutionize the field of cancer-directed immunotherapy. This team of investigators have manufactured two types of nanoscale particle platform-based aAPCs and demonstrates that both iron-dextran particles and quantum dot nanocrystals enhance tumor rejection in a melanoma model, providing the first description of nanoscale aAPCs that lead to effective T cell stimulation and inhibition of tumor growth.
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Reisenauer C, Muche-Borowski C, Anthuber C, Finas D, Fink T, Gabriel B, Hübner M, Lobodasch K, Naumann G, Peschers U, Petri E, Schwertner-Tiepelmann N, Soeder S, Steigerwald U, Strauss A, Tunn R, Viereck V, Aigmüller T, Kölle D, Kropshofer S, Tamussino K, Kuhn A, Höfner PDK, Kirschner-Hermanns R, Oelke M, Schultz-Lampel D, Klingler C, Henscher U, Köwing A, Junginger B. Interdisciplinary S2e Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women: Short version - AWMF Registry No. 015-005, July 2013. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2013; 73:899-903. [PMID: 24771939 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1350871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Gacci M, Sebastianelli A, Salvi M, Vignozzi L, Corona G, McVary KT, Kaplan SA, Oelke M, Maggi M, Carini M. PDE5-Is for the Treatment of Concomitant ED and LUTS/BPH. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2013; 8:150-159. [PMID: 23888186 PMCID: PMC3715684 DOI: 10.1007/s11884-013-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic data in adult men exhibit a strong relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH), indicating that men affected by ED should also be investigated for LUTS/BPH and those presenting with storage or voiding LUTS should be investigated for co-morbid ED. Common pathophysiolgical mechanisms underlying both LUTS/BPH and ED, including alteration of NO/cGMP or RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling and/or vascular or neurogenic dysfunction, are potential targets for proposed phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is). Several randomized controlled trials and only a few reviews including all commercially available PDE5-Is demonstrated the safety and efficacy of these drugs in the improvement of erectile function and urinary symptoms, in patients affected either by ED, LUTS, or both conditions.
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Chiu YL, Haupt C, Oelke M, Powell J, Griffin D, Schneck J. Sprouty-2 and the MAPK/ERK pathway regulate polyfunctionality of virus-specific human T cells (P1006). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.65.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The ability for a single T cell to upregulate multiple effector functions, polyfunctionality, is crucial for protective immunity. Loss of polyfunctional T cells during chronic viral infections is associated with pathogen persistence and results in poor memory T cell formation and progressive T cell exhaustion. However, the molecular mechanisms determining the generation and maintenance of polyfunctional T cells remain unclear. We found that CD8+ T cell polyfunctionality can be directly regulated by antigen dose. High antigen dose stimulation induced robust T cell proliferation but, in contrast, only poorly polyfunctional T cells. Microarray analysis revealed that poorly polyfunctional T cells induced by high dose antigen had a unique transcription profile similar to exhausted T cells observed during chronic viral infections including upregulation of inhibitory receptors. However, the poorly polyfunctional T cell state was independent of inhibitory receptor signaling. Instead, biochemical and genetic experiments showed that the inhibition of MAPK/ERK pathway through upregulation of spry2, a negative regulator of the MAPK/ERK pathway, directly modulated polyfunctionality by selectively inhibiting cytokine secretion. Our findings reveal novel mechanisms controlling human T cell polyfunctionality and are directly relevant to effective vaccine development and T cell immunotherapy.
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