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Berry SB, Haack AJ, Theberge AB, Brighenti S, Svensson M. Host and Pathogen Communication in the Respiratory Tract: Mechanisms and Models of a Complex Signaling Microenvironment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:537. [PMID: 33015094 PMCID: PMC7511576 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe, encompassing a diverse range of conditions from infections with pathogenic microorganisms to underlying genetic disorders. The respiratory tract represents an active interface with the external environment having the primary immune function of resisting pathogen intrusion and maintaining homeostasis in response to the myriad of stimuli encountered within its microenvironment. To perform these vital functions and prevent lung disorders, a chemical and biological cross-talk occurs in the complex milieu of the lung that mediates and regulates the numerous cellular processes contributing to lung health. In this review, we will focus on the role of cross-talk in chronic lung infections, and discuss how different cell types and signaling pathways contribute to the chronicity of infection(s) and prevent effective immune clearance of pathogens. In the lung microenvironment, pathogens have developed the capacity to evade mucosal immunity using different mechanisms or virulence factors, leading to colonization and infection of the host; such mechanisms include the release of soluble and volatile factors, as well as contact dependent (juxtracrine) interactions. We explore the diverse modes of communication between the host and pathogen in the lung tissue milieu in the context of chronic lung infections. Lastly, we review current methods and approaches used to model and study these host-pathogen interactions in vitro, and the role of these technological platforms in advancing our knowledge about chronic lung diseases.
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Djerf H, Millinger J, Falkenberg M, Jivegard L, Svensson M, Nordanstig J. Absence of Long-term Benefit of Revascularization in Patients With Intermittent Claudication: Five-Year Results From the IRONIC Randomized Controlled Trial. J Vasc Surg 2020. [PMCID: PMC7374115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lourda M, Widesköld S, Kvedaraite E, Gavhed D, Akber M, von Bahr Greenwood T, Svensson M, Olsson-Åkefeldt S, Henter JI. High prevalence of peripheral lymphopenia in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Br J Haematol 2020; 191:115-119. [PMID: 32639023 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lira-Junior R, Holmström SB, Clark R, Zwicker S, Majster M, Johannsen G, Axtelius B, Åkerman S, Svensson M, Klinge B, Boström EA. S100A12 Expression Is Modulated During Monocyte Differentiation and Reflects Periodontitis Severity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:86. [PMID: 32082330 PMCID: PMC7005221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A12 is a calcium-binding protein of the S100 subfamily of myeloid-related proteins that acts as an alarmin to induce a pro-inflammatory innate immune response. It has been linked to several chronic inflammatory diseases, however its role in the common oral immunopathology periodontitis is largely unknown. Previous in vitro monoculture experiments indicate that S100A12 production decreases during monocyte differentiation stages, while the regulation within tissue is poorly defined. This study evaluated S100A12 expression in monocyte subsets, during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and following polarization, both in monoculture and in a tissue context, utilizing a three-dimensional co-culture oral tissue model. Further, we explored the involvement of S100A12 in periodontitis by analyzing its expression in peripheral circulation and gingival tissue, as well as in saliva. We found that S100A12 expression was higher in classical than in non-classical monocytes. S100A12 expression and protein secretion declined significantly during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, while polarization of monocyte-derived macrophages had no effect on either. Peripheral monocytes from periodontitis patients had higher S100A12 expression than monocytes from controls, a difference particularly observed in the intermediate and non-classical monocyte subsets. Further, monocytes from periodontitis patients displayed an increased secretion of S100A12 compared with monocytes from controls. In oral tissue cultures, monocyte differentiation resulted in increased S100A12 secretion over time, which further increased after inflammatory stimuli. Likewise, S100A12 expression was higher in gingival tissue from periodontitis patients where monocyte-derived cells exhibited higher expression of S100A12 in comparison to non-periodontitis tissue. In line with our findings, patients with severe periodontitis had significantly higher levels of S100A12 in saliva compared to non-periodontitis patients, and the levels correlated to clinical periodontal parameters. Taken together, S100A12 is predominantly secreted by monocytes rather than by monocyte-derived cells. Moreover, S100A12 is increased in inflamed tissue cultures, potentially as a result of enhanced production by monocyte-derived cells. This study implicates the involvement of S100A12 in periodontitis pathogenesis, as evidenced by increased S100A12 expression in inflamed gingival tissue, which may be due to altered circulatory monocytes in periodontitis.
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Rao Muvva J, Parasa VR, Lerm M, Svensson M, Brighenti S. Polarization of Human Monocyte-Derived Cells With Vitamin D Promotes Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3157. [PMID: 32038652 PMCID: PMC6987394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding macrophage behavior is key to decipher Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pathogenesis. We studied the phenotype and ability of human monocyte-derived cells polarized with active vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] to control intracellular Mtb infection compared with polarization of conventional subsets, classical M1 or alternative M2. Methods: Human blood-derived monocytes were treated with active vitamin D or different cytokines to obtain 1,25(OH)2D3-polarized as well as M1- and M2-like cells or fully polarized M1 and M2 subsets. We used an in vitro macrophage Mtb infection model to assess both phenotype and functional markers i.e., inhibitory and scavenger receptors, costimulatory molecules, cytokines, chemokines, and effector molecules using flow cytometry and quantitative mRNA analysis. Intracellular uptake of bacilli and Mtb growth was monitored using flow cytometry and colony forming units. Results: Uninfected M1 subsets typically expressed higher levels of CCR7, TLR2, and CD86, while M2 subsets expressed higher CD163, CD200R, and CD206. Most of the investigated markers were up-regulated in all subsets after Mtb infection, generating a mixed M1/M2 phenotype, while the expression of CD206, HLADR, and CD80 was specifically up-regulated (P < 0.05) on 1,25(OH)2D3-polarized macrophages. Consistent with the pro-inflammatory features of M1 cells, Mtb uptake and intracellular Mtb growth was significantly (P < 0.01–0.001 and P < 0.05–0.01) lower in the M1 (19.3%) compared with the M2 (82.7%) subsets 4 h post-infection. However, infectivity rapidly and gradually increased in M1 cells at 24–72 h. 1,25(OH)2D3-polarized monocyte-derived cells was the most potent subset to inhibit Mtb growth at both 4 and 72 h (P < 0.05–0.01) post-Mtb infection. This ability was associated with high mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 but also anti-inflammatory IL-10, while expression of the immunosuppressive enzyme IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) remained low in Mtb-infected 1,25(OH)2D3-polarized cells compared with the other subsets. Conclusions: Mtb infection promoted a mixed M1/M2 macrophage activation, and 1,25(OH)2D3-polarized monocyte-derived cells expressing LL-37 but not IDO, were most effective to control intracellular Mtb growth. Macrophage polarization in the presence of vitamin D may provide the capacity to mount an antimicrobial response against Mtb and simultaneously prevent expression of inhibitory molecules that could accelerate local immunosuppression in the microenvironment of infected tissue.
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Afzal M, Saccenti E, Madsen MB, Hansen MB, Hyldegaard O, Skrede S, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Norrby-Teglund A, Svensson M. Integrated Univariate, Multivariate, and Correlation-Based Network Analyses Reveal Metabolite-Specific Effects on Bacterial Growth and Biofilm Formation in Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:688-698. [PMID: 31833369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTIs) have multiple causes, risk factors, anatomical locations, and pathogenic mechanisms. In patients with NSTI, circulating metabolites may serve as a substrate having impact on bacterial adaptation at the site of infection. Metabolic signatures associated with NSTI may reveal the potential to be useful as diagnostic and prognostic markers and novel targets for therapy. This study used untargeted metabolomics analyses of plasma from NSTI patients (n = 34) and healthy (noninfected) controls (n = 24) to identify the metabolic signatures and connectivity patterns among metabolites associated with NSTI. Metabolite-metabolite association networks were employed to compare the metabolic profiles of NSTI patients and noninfected surgical controls. Out of 97 metabolites detected, the abundance of 33 was significantly altered in NSTI patients. Analysis of metabolite-metabolite association networks showed a more densely connected network: specifically, 20 metabolites differentially connected between NSTI and controls. A selected set of significantly altered metabolites was tested in vitro to investigate potential influence on NSTI group A streptococcal strain growth and biofilm formation. Using chemically defined media supplemented with the selected metabolites, ornithine, ribose, urea, and glucuronic acid, revealed metabolite-specific effects on both bacterial growth and biofilm formation. This study identifies for the first time an NSTI-specific metabolic signature with implications for optimized diagnostics and therapies.
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Bergsten H, Madsen MB, Bergey F, Hyldegaard O, Skrede S, Arnell P, Oppegaard O, Itzek A, Perner A, Svensson M, Norrby-Teglund A, Nekludov M, Kjellberg A, Bruun T, Nedrebø T, Skutlaberg DH, Babbar A, Rosén A, Martins dos Santos VAP, Nekludov M, Kjellberg A, Bruun T, Nedrebø T, Skutlaberg DH, Babbar A, Rosén A, Martins dos Santos VAP. Correlation Between Immunoglobulin Dose Administered and Plasma Neutralization of Streptococcal Superantigens in Patients With Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:1772-1775. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Analyses of plasma collected pre- and postadministration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) from patients with group A Streptococcus necrotizing soft tissue infections demonstrated a negative correlation between IVIG dose and toxin-triggered T-cell proliferation (r = −.67, P < .0001). One 25-g IVIG dose was sufficient to yield plasma-neutralizing activity against streptococcal superantigens.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT 01790698 and NCT02111161.
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Martin OCB, Bergonzini A, D'Amico F, Chen P, Shay JW, Dupuy J, Svensson M, Masucci MG, Frisan T. Infection with genotoxin-producing Salmonella enterica synergises with loss of the tumour suppressor APC in promoting genomic instability via the PI3K pathway in colonic epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13099. [PMID: 31414579 PMCID: PMC6899655 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several commensal and pathogenic Gram‐negative bacteria produce DNA‐damaging toxins that are considered bona fide carcinogenic agents. The microbiota of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is enriched in genotoxin‐producing bacteria, but their role in the pathogenesis of CRC is poorly understood. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is mutated in familial adenomatous polyposis and in the majority of sporadic CRCs. We investigated whether the loss of APC alters the response of colonic epithelial cells to infection by Salmonella enterica, the only genotoxin‐producing bacterium associated with cancer in humans. Using 2D and organotypic 3D cultures, we found that APC deficiency was associated with sustained activation of the DNA damage response, reduced capacity to repair different types of damage, including DNA breaks and oxidative damage, and failure to induce cell cycle arrest. The reduced DNA repair capacity and inability to activate adequate checkpoint responses was associated with increased genomic instability in APC‐deficient cells exposed to the genotoxic bacterium. Inhibition of the checkpoint response was dependent on activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase pathway. These findings highlight the synergistic effect of the loss of APC and infection with genotoxin‐producing bacteria in promoting a microenvironment conducive to malignant transformation.
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Aasebø W, Svensson M, Jenssen T, Eide IA. Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation and Quality of Life After Kidney Transplant. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:466-469. [PMID: 30879569 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may improve cardiovascular, renal, and mental health. No previous trial has investigated the effects of marine n-3 PUFA supplementation on quality of life (QoL) indices after renal transplant. METHODS In this trial, 132 renal transplant recipients were randomized to receive daily either 2.6 g of marine n-3 PUFAs or an equivalent dose of olive oil (controls) on top of standard care for 44 weeks. We used a Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire at baseline (8 weeks post transplant) and at the end of the study (1 year after transplant) to assess QoL. Results were expressed as net change (Δ) in SF-36 individual and composite mental and physical scores during follow-up. RESULTS We found no improvement of Δ SF-36 individual or composite scores after marine n-3 PUFA supplementation compared with controls. In per-protocol analysis, patients who received marine n-3 PUFAs had a Δ emotional role function (mean, 17% [SD, 50%] vs mean, 3% [SD, 37%]; P = .11). In addition, plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels showed a weak but statistically significant correlation with Δ composite mental function score (r = .18; P = .04). CONCLUSION Marine n-3 PUFA supplementation did not improve QoL after renal transplant.
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Djerf H, Falkenberg M, Jivegård L, Lindgren H, Svensson M, Nordanstig J. Cost-effectiveness of revascularization in patients with intermittent claudication. Br J Surg 2018; 105:1742-1748. [PMID: 30357819 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Revascularization is a treatment option for patients with intermittent claudication. However, there is a lack of evidence to support its long-term benefits and cost-effectiveness. The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of revascularization and best medical therapy (BMT) with that of BMT alone. METHODS Data were used from the IRONIC (Invasive Revascularization Or Not in Intermittent Claudication) RCT where consecutive patients with mild-to-severe intermittent claudication owing to aortoiliac or femoropopliteal disease were allocated to either BMT alone (including a structured, non-supervised exercise programme) or to revascularization together with BMT. Inpatient and outpatient costs were obtained prospectively over 24 months of follow-up. Mean improvement in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) was calculated based on responses to the EuroQol Five Dimensions EQ-5D-3 L™ questionnaire. Cost-effectiveness was assessed as the cost per QALY gained. RESULTS A total of 158 patients were randomized, 79 to each group. The mean cost per patient in the BMT group was €1901, whereas it was €8280 in the group treated with revascularization in addition to BMT, with a cost difference of €6379 (95 per cent c.i. €4229 to 8728) per patient. Revascularization in addition to BMT resulted in a mean gain in QALYs of 0·16 (95 per cent c.i. 0·06 to 0·24) per patient, giving an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €42 881 per QALY. CONCLUSION The costs associated with revascularization together with BMT in patients with intermittent claudication were about four times higher than those of BMT alone. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of revascularization was within the accepted threshold for public willingness to pay according to the Swedish National Guidelines, but exceeded that of the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines.
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Zampa F, Fish J, Hilgert M, Lövby T, Svensson M, Vaughan J, Mattei A. The 2016 ENFSI Fingerprint Working Group testing programme. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 292:148-162. [PMID: 30312945 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In 2016, the Fingerprint Working Group (EFP-WG) of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI), officially established an advisory group with the task of organising proficiency tests (PTs), as well as collaborative exercises (CEs) as a way of raising standards within the fingerprint profession. This article will provide an overview of the Visualisation collaborative exercise and the Comparison proficiency test, which were carried out in 2016. Both the exercise and the test were organised and co-funded by the Prevention of and Fight against Crime Programme of the European Union [1-3], Direct Grant "Towards the Vision for European Forensic Science 2020 (TVEFS-2020)" HOME/2013/ISEC/MO/ENFSI/4000005962, work package T3 "Proficiency Tests and Collaborative Exercises for the Fingerprint Domain". The characteristics of the testing programme are summarised, followed by an overview of the knowledge that has been gained, including lessons learnt.
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Emgård J, Kammoun H, García-Cassani B, Chesné J, Parigi SM, Jacob JM, Cheng HW, Evren E, Das S, Czarnewski P, Sleiers N, Melo-Gonzalez F, Kvedaraite E, Svensson M, Scandella E, Hepworth MR, Huber S, Ludewig B, Peduto L, Villablanca EJ, Veiga-Fernandes H, Pereira JP, Flavell RA, Willinger T. Oxysterol Sensing through the Receptor GPR183 Promotes the Lymphoid-Tissue-Inducing Function of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Colonic Inflammation. Immunity 2018; 48:120-132.e8. [PMID: 29343433 PMCID: PMC5772175 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) sense environmental signals and are critical for tissue integrity in the intestine. Yet, which signals are sensed and what receptors control ILC3 function remain poorly understood. Here, we show that ILC3s with a lymphoid-tissue-inducer (LTi) phenotype expressed G-protein-coupled receptor 183 (GPR183) and migrated to its oxysterol ligand 7α,25-hydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC). In mice lacking Gpr183 or 7α,25-OHC, ILC3s failed to localize to cryptopatches (CPs) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). Gpr183 deficiency in ILC3s caused a defect in CP and ILF formation in the colon, but not in the small intestine. Localized oxysterol production by fibroblastic stromal cells provided an essential signal for colonic lymphoid tissue development, and inflammation-induced increased oxysterol production caused colitis through GPR183-mediated cell recruitment. Our findings show that GPR183 promotes lymphoid organ development and indicate that oxysterol-GPR183-dependent positioning within tissues controls ILC3 activity and intestinal homeostasis. ILC3s sense cholesterol metabolites (oxysterols) through the receptor GPR183 GPR183 and its ligand 7α,25-OHC promote ILC3 migration to CPs and ILFs GPR183 and 7α,25-OHC are critical for CP and ILF formation in the colon GPR183 controls inflammatory tissue remodeling during immune-mediated colitis
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Mattsson P, Frostell A, Björck G, Persson JKE, Hakim R, Zedenius J, Svensson M. Recovery of Voice After Reconstruction of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and Adjuvant Nimodipine. World J Surg 2018; 42:632-638. [PMID: 29282507 PMCID: PMC5801379 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Transection injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) has been associated with permanent vocal fold palsy, and treatment has been limited to voice therapy or local treatment of vocal folds. Microsurgical repair has been reported to induce a better function. The calcium channel antagonist nimodipine improves functional recovery after experimental nerve injury and also after cranial nerve injury in patients. This study aims to present voice outcome in patients who underwent repair of the RLN and received nimodipine during regeneration. Methods From 2002–2016, 19 patients were admitted to our center with complete unilateral injury to the RLN and underwent microsurgical repair of the RLN. After nerve repair, patients received nimodipine for 2–3 months. Laryngoscopy was performed repeatedly up to 14 months postoperatively. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) was administered, and patients’ maximum phonation time (MPT) was recorded during the follow-up. Results All patients recovered well after surgery, and nimodipine was well tolerated with no dropouts. None of the patients suffered from atrophy of the vocal fold, and some patients even showed a small ab/adduction of the vocal fold on the repaired side with laryngoscopy. During long-term follow-up (>3 years), VHI and MPT normalized, indicating a nearly complete recovery from unilateral RLN injury. Conclusions In this cohort study, we report the results of the first 19 consecutive cases at our center subjected to reconstruction of the RLN and adjuvant nimodipine treatment. The outcome of the current strategy is encouraging and should be considered after iatrogenic RLN transection injuries.
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Holmström SB, Lira-Junior R, Zwicker S, Majster M, Gustafsson A, Åkerman S, Klinge B, Svensson M, Boström EA. MMP-12 and S100s in saliva reflect different aspects of periodontal inflammation. Cytokine 2018; 113:155-161. [PMID: 29983358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 are involved in innate immune responses. We addressed whether different aspects of oral health and non-disease-related covariates influence their levels in saliva. 436 participants were clinically examined, completed a health questionnaire, and provided stimulated saliva. Salivary levels of MMP-12, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Lower MMP-12 levels were observed in individuals 40-64 years old (yo) compared to < 40 yo, and higher S100A8/A9 levels were found in individuals > 64 yo compared to 40-64 yo. Smokers exhibited lower MMP-12 and S100A12 levels compared to non-smokers. All three proteins were elevated in individuals with bleeding on probing (BOP) > 20% compared to those with BOP ≤ 20%, and the S100A8/A9 levels were higher in individuals having ≥ 10% gingival pocket depths (PPD) ≥ 4 mm compared to the ones with shallow pockets < 4 mm. The extent of alveolar bone loss or presence of manifest caries did not alter any of the markers. MMP-12, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 levels were higher in participants with high periodontal inflammatory burden. All three proteins correlated positively to BOP, PPD, and to several inflammatory mediators. The explanatory variables for MMP-12 in saliva were age, smoking, presence of any tumor, and percentage of PPD ≥ 4 mm. The determinant of salivary S100A8/A9 was percentage of BOP, while S100A12 levels were associated with percentage of BOP and presence of any tumor. Taken together, MMP-12 and the S100/calgranulin levels in saliva reflect different aspects of periodontal inflammation. Smoking and age should be taken into account in further investigation of these proteins as biomarker candidates of periodontal disease.
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Svensson M, Chen P. Human Organotypic Respiratory Models. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018:29-54. [PMID: 29808337 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical research aiming to understand the molecular basis of human lung tissue development, homeostasis and disease, or to develop new therapies for human respiratory diseases, requires models that faithfully recapitulate the human condition. This has stimulated biologists and engineers to develop in vitro organotypic models mimicking human respiratory tissues. In this chapter, we provide examples of different types of model systems ranging from simple unicellular cultures to more complex multicellular systems. The models contain, in varying degree, cell types present in real tissue in combination with different extracellular matrix components that can critically affect cell phenotype and function. We also describe how organotypic respiratory models can be combined with human innate immune cells, to better recapitulate tissue inflammation, a key component in, for example, infectious diseases. These models have the potential to provide new insights into lung physiology, tissue infection and inflammation, disease mechanisms, as well as provide a platform for identification of novel targets and screening of candidate drugs in human lung disorders.
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Acosta S, Seternes A, Venermo M, Vikatmaa L, Sörelius K, Wanhainen A, Svensson M, Djavani K, Björck M. Open Abdomen Therapy with Vacuum and Mesh Mediated Fascial Traction After Aortic Repair: an International Multicentre Study. J Vasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Björnfot Holmström S, Clark R, Zwicker S, Bureik D, Kvedaraite E, Bernasconi E, Nguyen Hoang AT, Johannsen G, Marsland BJ, Boström EA, Svensson M. Gingival Tissue Inflammation Promotes Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 Production by CD200Rlow Monocyte-Derived Cells in Periodontitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:4023-4035. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bhogal P, Brouwer PA, Yeo L, Svensson M, Söderman M. The Medina Embolic Device: Karolinska experience. Interv Neuroradiol 2017; 24:4-13. [PMID: 28956513 DOI: 10.1177/1591019917733125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to report our single centre experience with the Medina Embolic Device (MED). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data to identify all patients treated with the MED. A total of 14 aneurysms (non-consecutive), in 13 patients, were treated including one ruptured and one partially thrombosed aneurysm. Fundus diameter was ≥5 mm in all cases. We evaluated the angiographic appearances, the clinical status, complications, and the need for adjunctive devices or repeat treatments. Results Aneurysm location was cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA; n = 1), supraclinoid ICA ( n = 1), terminal ICA ( n = 2), anterior communicating artery (AComA; n = 4), A2-3 ( n = 1), M1-2 junction ( n = 1), posterior communicating artery (PComA; n = 1), superior cerebellar artery (SCA; n = 1), and basilar tip ( n = 2). The average aneurysm fundus size was 8.6 mm (range 7-10 mm) and average neck size 3.75 mm (range 1.9-6.9 mm). Immediate angiographic results were modified Raymond-Roy occlusion classification (mRRC) I n = 2, mRRC II n = 1, mRRC IIIa n = 2, mRRC IIIb n = 2, the remaining 7 aneurysms showed complete opacification. At follow-up angiography (mean 5 months) mRRC I n = 5, mRRC II n = 5, mRRC IIIa n = 3, and persistent filling was seen in 1 aneurysm. Overall, four patients had repeat treatment and one is pending further treatment. Of the aneurysms treated with more than one MED, 75% showed complete occlusion at 6-month follow up whereas only one aneurysm treated with a single device showed complete occlusion. Overall, three patients had temporary complications and there were no deaths. Conclusions The MED is an intra-saccular flow-diverting device with satisfactory angiographic results and an acceptable safety profile. Use of a single MED cannot be recommended and further longer term studies are needed prior to widespread clinical use.
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Mattei A, Fish J, Hilgert M, Lövby T, Svensson M, Vaughan J, Zampa F. The 2015 ENFSI Fingerprint Working Group testing programme. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 280:55-63. [PMID: 28946033 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As early as 2004, the Fingerprint Working Group (EFP-WG) of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) has organised proficiency tests (PT's), as well as collaborative exercises (CE's), as a way of raising standards within the fingerprint profession. This article provides an overview of the three collaborative exercises carried out in 2015. The characteristics of the testing programme are summarised, followed by an overview of the knowledge that has been gained, including depicting what lessons have been learnt.
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Svensson M, Borg D, Hedner C, Eberhard J, Nodin B, Leandersson K, Jirström K. PD-L1 expression in primary tumours and paired lymph node metastases in chemoradiotherapy-naïve esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma: Relationship with MSI status and prognosis. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx369.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mattei A, Fish J, Hilgert M, Lövby T, Svensson M, Vaughan J, Zampa F. ENFSI collaborative testing programme for fingermarks: Past experiences and future perspectives. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 275:282-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hansen MB, Rasmussen LS, Svensson M, Chakrakodi B, Bruun T, Madsen MB, Perner A, Garred P, Hyldegaard O, Norrby-Teglund A. Association between cytokine response, the LRINEC score and outcome in patients with necrotising soft tissue infection: a multicentre, prospective study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42179. [PMID: 28176831 PMCID: PMC5296880 DOI: 10.1038/srep42179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early assessment of necrotising soft tissue infection (NSTI) is challenging. Analysis of inflammatory markers could provide important information about disease severity and guide decision making. For this purpose, we investigated the association between cytokine levels and the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotising Fasciitis (LRINEC)-score, disease severity and mortality in NSTI patients. In 159 patients, plasma was analysed for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α upon admission. The severity of NSTI was assessed by SAPS, SOFA score, septic shock, microbial aetiology, renal replacement therapy and amputation. We found no significant difference in cytokine levels according to a LRINEC- score above or below 6 (IL-1β: 3.0 vs. 1.3; IL-6: 607 vs. 289; IL-10: 38.4 vs. 38.8; TNF-α: 15.1 vs. 7.8 pg/mL, P > 0.05). Patients with β-haemolytic streptococcal infection had higher level of particularly IL-6. There was no difference in mortality between patients with a LRINEC-score above or below 6. In the adjusted analysis assessing 30-day mortality, the association was strongest for IL-1β (OR 3.86 [95% CI, 1.43-10.40], P = 0.008) and IL-10 (4.80 [1.67-13.78], P = 0.004). In conclusion, we found no significant association between the LRINEC-score and cytokine levels on admission. IL-6 was consistently associated with disease severity, whereas IL-1β had the strongest association with 30-day mortality.
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Kvedaraite E, Lourda M, Ideström M, Chen P, Olsson-Åkefeldt S, Forkel M, Gavhed D, Lindforss U, Mjösberg J, Henter JI, Svensson M. Tissue-infiltrating neutrophils represent the main source of IL-23 in the colon of patients with IBD. Gut 2016; 65:1632-41. [PMID: 26160381 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-309014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In IBD, interleukin-23 (IL-23) and its receptor (IL-23R) are implicated in disease initiation and progression. Novel insight into which cells produce IL-23 at the site of inflammation at an early stage of IBD will promote the development of new tools for diagnosis, treatment and patient monitoring. We examined the cellular source of IL-23 in colon tissue of untreated newly diagnosed paediatric patients with IBD. DESIGN Colon tissues from IBD and non-IBD patients were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and flow cytometry after appropriate sample preparation. Blood samples from IBD and non-IBD patients and healthy controls were analysed using flow cytometry and qPCR. RESULTS We discovered that tissue-infiltrating neutrophils were the main source of IL-23 in the colon of paediatric patients with IBD, while IL-23(+) human leucocyte antigen-DR(+) or IL-23(+)CD14(+) cells were scarce or non-detectable, respectively. The colonic IL-23(+) neutrophils expressed C-X-C motif (CXC)R1 and CXCR2, receptors for the CXC ligand 8 (CXCL8) chemokine family, and a corresponding CXCR1(+)CXCR2(+)IL-23(+)subpopulation of neutrophils was also identified in the blood of both patients with IBD and healthy individuals. However, CXCL8-family chemokines were only elevated in colon tissue from patients with IBD. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence of CXCR1(+)CXCR2(+)IL-23-producing neutrophils that infiltrate and accumulate in inflamed colon tissue of patients with IBD. Thus, this novel source of IL-23 may play a key role in disease progression and will be important to take into consideration in the development of future strategies to monitor, treat and prevent IBD.
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Sivars KB, Shambat SM, Chen P, Betts C, Hornberg E, Åberg P, Svensson M. Enhanced sensitivity to drug-induced epithelial toxicity in a 3D multi-cellular in vitro lung tissue irritancy model. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chella Krishnan K, Mukundan S, Alagarsamy J, Hur J, Nookala S, Siemens N, Svensson M, Hyldegaard O, Norrby-Teglund A, Kotb M. Genetic Architecture of Group A Streptococcal Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections in the Mouse. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005732. [PMID: 27399650 PMCID: PMC4939974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Host genetic variations play an important role in several pathogenic diseases, and we have previously provided strong evidences that these genetic variations contribute significantly to differences in susceptibility and clinical outcomes of invasive Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections, including sepsis and necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs). Our initial studies with conventional mouse strains revealed that host genetic variations and sex differences play an important role in orchestrating the severity, susceptibility and outcomes of NSTIs. To understand the complex genetic architecture of NSTIs, we utilized an unbiased, forward systems genetics approach in an advanced recombinant inbred (ARI) panel of mouse strains (BXD). Through this approach, we uncovered interactions between host genetics, and other non-genetic cofactors including sex, age and body weight in determining susceptibility to NSTIs. We mapped three NSTIs-associated phenotypic traits (i.e., survival, percent weight change, and lesion size) to underlying host genetic variations by using the WebQTL tool, and identified four NSTIs-associated quantitative genetic loci (QTL) for survival on mouse chromosome (Chr) 2, for weight change on Chr 7, and for lesion size on Chr 6 and 18 respectively. These QTL harbor several polymorphic genes. Identification of multiple QTL highlighted the complexity of the host-pathogen interactions involved in NSTI pathogenesis. We then analyzed and rank-ordered host candidate genes in these QTL by using the QTLminer tool and then developed a list of 375 candidate genes on the basis of annotation data and biological relevance to NSTIs. Further differential expression analyses revealed 125 genes to be significantly differentially regulated in susceptible strains compared to their uninfected controls. Several of these genes are involved in innate immunity, inflammatory response, cell growth, development and proliferation, and apoptosis. Additional network analyses using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of these 125 genes revealed interleukin-1 beta network as key network involved in modulating the differential susceptibility to GAS NSTIs. GAS bacteria are major human pathogens that are responsible for millions of infections worldwide, including severe and deadly NSTIs. Several studies have identified numerous GAS secreted virulence factors including proteases, DNases, and superantigens, which mediate several pathologic features of GAS NSTIs. However, the exact role of host genetic and/or nongenetic factors in GAS NSTIs has not been studied so far. To understand these contributions, we undertook the present study utilizing the ARI panel of BXD strains. We found that host genetic context and sex differences can modulate host-pathogen interplay and accordingly potentiate disease severity, manifestations, and outcomes. We also mapped the genetic susceptibility loci of GAS NSTIs to four mouse chromosomes, namely 2, 6, 7 and 18, harboring several polymorphic genes. We believe that these findings will be helpful in uncovering further regulatory events of host-mediated GAS pathogenesis that may occur once the pathogen becomes invasive.
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