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Erkert L, Gamez-Belmonte R, Kabisch M, Schödel L, Patankar JV, Gonzalez-Acera M, Mahapatro M, Bao LL, Plattner C, Kühl AA, Shen J, Serneels L, De Strooper B, Neurath MF, Wirtz S, Becker C. Alzheimer's disease-related presenilins are key to intestinal epithelial cell function and gut immune homoeostasis. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-331622. [PMID: 38684238 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in presenilin genes are the major cause of Alzheimer's disease. However, little is known about their expression and function in the gut. In this study, we identify the presenilins Psen1 and Psen2 as key molecules that maintain intestinal homoeostasis. DESIGN Human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and control samples were analysed for Psen1 expression. Newly generated intestinal epithelium-specific Psen1-deficient, Psen2-deficient and inducible Psen1/Psen2 double-deficient mice were used to dissect the functional role of presenilins in intestinal homoeostasis. RESULTS Psen1 expression was regulated in experimental gut inflammation and in patients with IBD. Induced deletion of Psen1 and Psen2 in mice caused rapid weight loss and spontaneous development of intestinal inflammation. Mice exhibited epithelial barrier disruption with bacterial translocation and deregulation of key pathways for nutrient uptake. Wasting disease was independent of gut inflammation and dysbiosis, as depletion of microbiota rescued Psen-deficient animals from spontaneous colitis development but not from weight loss. On a molecular level, intestinal epithelial cells lacking Psen showed impaired Notch signalling and dysregulated epithelial differentiation. CONCLUSION Overall, our study provides evidence that Psen1 and Psen2 are important guardians of intestinal homoeostasis and future targets for barrier-promoting therapeutic strategies in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Erkert
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Reyes Gamez-Belmonte
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Kabisch
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Lena Schödel
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Jay V Patankar
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel Gonzalez-Acera
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Mousumi Mahapatro
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Li-Li Bao
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christina Plattner
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anja A Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lutgarde Serneels
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute@UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Tun HM, Peng Y, Massimino L, Sin ZY, Parigi TL, Facoetti A, Rahman S, Danese S, Ungaro F. Gut virome in inflammatory bowel disease and beyond. Gut 2024; 73:350-360. [PMID: 37949638 PMCID: PMC10850733 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gut virome is a dense community of viruses inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract and an integral part of the microbiota. The virome coexists with the other components of the microbiota and with the host in a dynamic equilibrium, serving as a key contributor to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and functions. However, this equilibrium can be interrupted in certain pathological states, including inflammatory bowel disease, causing dysbiosis that may participate in disease pathogenesis. Nevertheless, whether virome dysbiosis is a causal or bystander event requires further clarification. DESIGN This review seeks to summarise the latest advancements in the study of the gut virome, highlighting its cross-talk with the mucosal microenvironment. It explores how cutting-edge technologies may build upon current knowledge to advance research in this field. An overview of virome transplantation in diseased gastrointestinal tracts is provided along with insights into the development of innovative virome-based therapeutics to improve clinical management. RESULTS Gut virome dysbiosis, primarily driven by the expansion of Caudovirales, has been shown to impact intestinal immunity and barrier functions, influencing overall intestinal homeostasis. Although emerging innovative technologies still need further implementation, they display the unprecedented potential to better characterise virome composition and delineate its role in intestinal diseases. CONCLUSIONS The field of gut virome is progressively expanding, thanks to the advancements of sequencing technologies and bioinformatic pipelines. These have contributed to a better understanding of how virome dysbiosis is linked to intestinal disease pathogenesis and how the modulation of virome composition may help the clinical intervention to ameliorate gut disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein Min Tun
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Luca Massimino
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Zhen Ye Sin
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tommaso Lorenzo Parigi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Milano, Italy
| | - Amanda Facoetti
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Milano, Italy
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3
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Darie AM, Sinopoulou V, Ajay V, Bel Kok K, Patel KV, Limdi J, Arebi N, Smith P, Din S, Din S, Shale M, Subramanian S, Pavlidis P, Cooney R, McGonagle D, A C S Wong N, Moran GW, Gordon M. BSG 2024 IBD guidelines protocol (standard operating procedures). BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2023; 10:bmjgast-2022-001067. [PMID: 36764690 PMCID: PMC9923295 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2022-001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the past 5 years, there have been several advances in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aim for a new guideline to update the most recent guideline published in 2019. We present the prospective operating procedure and technical summary protocol in the manuscript. METHODS 'Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation' (GRADE) will be followed in the development of the guideline, approach as laid out in the GRADE handbook, supported by the WHO. The guideline development group is formed by a variety of disciplines, across both primary and secondary care that took part in an online Delphi process and split into key areas. A final consensus list of thematic questions within a 'patient, intervention, comparison, outcome' format has been produced and agreed in the final phase of the Delphi process.There will be a detailed technical evidence review with source data including systematic reviews appraised with AMSATAR 2 tool (Assessment of multiple systematic reviews), randomised controlled trial data that will be judged for risk of bias with the Cochrane tool and observational studies for safety concerns assessed through the Robins-I tool. Based on the available evidence, some of the recommendations will be based on GRADE while others will be best practice statements.A full Delphi process will be used to make recommendations using online response systems.This set of procedures has been approved by the Clinical Services and Standards Committee, the British Society of Gastroenterology executive board and aligned with IBD UK standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Darie
- Gastroenterology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Verma Ajay
- Digestive Disease, Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kettering, UK
| | - Klaartje Bel Kok
- Department of Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kamal V Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jimmy Limdi
- Gastroenterology, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Naila Arebi
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, St Mark's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Smith
- Gastroenterology, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shahida Din
- Gastroenterology, NHS Lothian Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Clydebank, UK
| | - Said Din
- Gastroenterology, Derby Teaching Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Matthew Shale
- Gastroenterology, Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sreedhar Subramanian
- Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Polychronis Pavlidis
- Gastroenterology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Cooney
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Gordon W Moran
- Gastroenterology, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Morris Gordon
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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4
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Haag LM, Siegmund B. Epithelial RAC1 niches in IBD: from barrier integrity to cytoskeletal plasticity. Gut 2023; 72:219-220. [PMID: 35410889 PMCID: PMC9872230 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea-Maxie Haag
- Medical Department (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Medical Department (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Zhou G, Yu L, Fang L, Yang W, Yu T, Miao Y, Chen M, Wu K, Chen F, Cong Y, Liu Z. CD177 + neutrophils as functionally activated neutrophils negatively regulate IBD. Gut 2018; 67:1052-1063. [PMID: 28468761 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils are accumulated in inflamed mucosa of IBD and play an important role in the pathogenesis. CD177 is expressed in neutrophils specifically and upregulated during inflammation. However, the role of CD177+ neutrophils in pathogenesis of IBD remains elusive. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of CD177 was analysed in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa from patients with IBD using quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. CD177+ and CD177- neutrophils were isolated to determine gene differences by RNA sequencing. Colitis was established in CD177-/- and wild-type mice in response to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) insults to determine the role of CD177+ neutrophils in IBD. RESULTS CD177+ neutrophils were markedly increased in peripheral blood and inflamed mucosa from patients with active IBD compared with healthy controls. RNA sequencing revealed that differential gene expression between CD177+ and CD177- neutrophils from patients with IBD was associated with response to bacterial defence, hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS). CD177+ neutrophils produced lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines (ie, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A), but higher levels of IL-22 and transforming growth factor-β, and exhibited increased bactericidal activities (ie, ROS, antimicrobial peptides, neutrophil extracellular trap) compared with CD177- subset. CD177-/- mice developed more severe colitis on DSS insults compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, CD177 deficiency led to compromised intestinal barrier and impaired antibacterial immunity through decreased production of IL-22 by CD177- neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS CD177+ neutrophils represent functionally activated population and play a protective role in IBD through increased bactericidal activity and IL-22 production. Targeting CD177+ neutrophils may be beneficial for treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianming Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinglei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feidi Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Starr AE, Deeke SA, Ning Z, Chiang CK, Zhang X, Mottawea W, Singleton R, Benchimol EI, Wen M, Mack DR, Stintzi A, Figeys D. Proteomic analysis of ascending colon biopsies from a paediatric inflammatory bowel disease inception cohort identifies protein biomarkers that differentiate Crohn's disease from UC. Gut 2017; 66:1573-1583. [PMID: 27216938 PMCID: PMC5561380 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate differentiation between Crohn's disease (CD) and UC is important to ensure early and appropriate therapeutic intervention. We sought to identify proteins that enable differentiation between CD and UC in children with new onset IBD. DESIGN Mucosal biopsies were obtained from children undergoing baseline diagnostic endoscopy prior to therapeutic interventions. Using a super-stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based approach, the proteomes of 99 paediatric control and biopsies of patients with CD and UC were compared. Multivariate analysis of a subset of these (n=50) was applied to identify novel biomarkers, which were validated in a second subset (n=49). RESULTS In the discovery cohort, a panel of five proteins was sufficient to distinguish control from IBD-affected tissue biopsies with an AUC of 1.0 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.0); a second panel of 12 proteins segregated inflamed CD from UC within an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.0). Application of the two panels to the validation cohort resulted in accurate classification of 95.9% (IBD from control) and 80% (CD from UC) of patients. 116 proteins were identified to have correlation with the severity of disease, four of which were components of the two panels, including visfatin and metallothionein-2. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified two panels of candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of IBD and the differentiation of IBD subtypes to guide appropriate therapeutic interventions in paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Starr
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelley A Deeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhibin Ning
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheng-Kang Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walid Mottawea
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ruth Singleton
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre and CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric I Benchimol
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre and CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Mack
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre and CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Schwerd T, Pandey S, Yang HT, Bagola K, Jameson E, Jung J, Lachmann RH, Shah N, Patel SY, Booth C, Runz H, Düker G, Bettels R, Rohrbach M, Kugathasan S, Chapel H, Keshav S, Elkadri A, Platt N, Muise AM, Koletzko S, Xavier RJ, Marquardt T, Powrie F, Wraith JE, Gyrd-Hansen M, Platt FM, Uhlig HH. Impaired antibacterial autophagy links granulomatous intestinal inflammation in Niemann-Pick disease type C1 and XIAP deficiency with NOD2 variants in Crohn's disease. Gut 2017; 66:1060-1073. [PMID: 26953272 PMCID: PMC5532464 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1), a lysosomal lipid storage disorder that causes neurodegeneration and liver damage, can present with IBD, but neither the significance nor the functional mechanism of this association is clear. We studied bacterial handling and antibacterial autophagy in patients with NPC1. DESIGN We characterised intestinal inflammation in 14 patients with NPC1 who developed IBD. We investigated bacterial handling and cytokine production of NPC1 monocytes or macrophages in vitro and compared NPC1-associated functional defects to those caused by IBD-associated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) variants or mutations in X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). RESULTS Patients with the lysosomal lipid storage disorder NPC1 have increased susceptibility to early-onset fistulising colitis with granuloma formation, reminiscent of Crohn's disease (CD). Mutations in NPC1 cause impaired autophagy due to defective autophagosome function that abolishes NOD2-mediated bacterial handling in vitro similar to variants in NOD2 or XIAP deficiency. In contrast to genetic NOD2 and XIAP variants, NPC1 mutations do not impair NOD2-receptor-interacting kinase 2 (RIPK2)-XIAP-dependent cytokine production. Pharmacological activation of autophagy can rescue bacterial clearance in macrophages in vitro by increasing the autophagic flux and bypassing defects in NPC1. CONCLUSIONS NPC1 confers increased risk of early-onset severe CD. Our data support the concept that genetic defects at different checkpoints of selective autophagy cause a shared outcome of CD-like immunopathology linking monogenic and polygenic forms of IBD. Muramyl dipeptide-driven cytokine responses and antibacterial autophagy induction are parallel and independent signalling cascades downstream of the NOD2-RIPK2-XIAP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schwerd
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sumeet Pandey
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Huei-Ting Yang
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katrin Bagola
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elisabeth Jameson
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan Jung
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Neil Shah
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Smita Y Patel
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Booth
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Heiko Runz
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gesche Düker
- University Children's Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Children's Research Centre Zurich, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Helen Chapel
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Satish Keshav
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Abdul Elkadri
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexio M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Fiona Powrie
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James E Wraith
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Mads Gyrd-Hansen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Lin W, Ma C, Su F, Jiang Y, Lai R, Zhang T, Sun K, Fan L, Cai Z, Li Z, Huang H, Li J, Wang X. Raf kinase inhibitor protein mediates intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and promotes IBDs in humans and mice. Gut 2017; 66:597-610. [PMID: 26801887 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) appears to control cancer cell metastasis and its expression in colonic tissue is related to colonic cancer development. We sought to identify the roles of RKIP in maintaining homeostasis of GI tract. DESIGN The expression of RKIP was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. RKIP knockout and wild-type mice were administered dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) to induce experimental colitis, and the mice were assessed based on colitis symptoms and biochemical approaches. The mechanism was analysed using immunoprecipitation and pull-down experiments. RESULTS The RKIP expression is positively correlated with the severity of IBD. RKIP deficiency protects mice from DSS-induced or TNBS-induced colitis and accelerated recovery from colitis. RKIP deficiency inhibits DSS-induced infiltration of acute-phase immune cells and reduces production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in colon. RKIP deficiency inhibits DSS-induced or TNBS-induced colonic epithelial barrier damage and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis. RKIP deficiency also inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced IEC apoptosis and colitis. Mechanistically, RKIP enhances the induction of P53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis by interacting with TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and promoting TAK1-mediated NF-κB activation. This is supported by the observation that TAK1 activation is positively correlated with the expression of RKIP in human clinical samples and the development of IBD. CONCLUSIONS RKIP contributes to colitis development by promoting inflammation and mediating IEC apoptosis and might represent a therapeutic target of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Lin
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China
| | - Chunmei Ma
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China
| | - Fasheng Su
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Rongrong Lai
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Liping Fan
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Zijian Cai
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - He Huang
- Bone marrow transplantation center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China
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9
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Machiels K, Sabino J, Vandermosten L, Joossens M, Arijs I, de Bruyn M, Eeckhaut V, Van Assche G, Ferrante M, Verhaegen J, Van Steen K, Van Immerseel F, Huys G, Verbeke K, Wolthuis A, de Buck Van Overstraeten A, D'Hoore A, Rutgeerts P, Vermeire S. Specific members of the predominant gut microbiota predict pouchitis following colectomy and IPAA in UC. Gut 2017; 66:79-88. [PMID: 26423113 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pouchitis is the most common complication after colectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for UC and the risk is the highest within the 1st year after surgery. The pathogenesis is not completely understood but clinical response to antibiotics suggests a role for gut microbiota. We hypothesised that the risk for pouchitis can be predicted based on the faecal microbial composition before colectomy. DESIGN Faecal samples from 21 patients with UC undergoing IPAA were prospectively collected before colectomy and at predefined clinical visits at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after IPAA. The predominant microbiota was analysed using community profiling with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis followed by quantitative real-time PCR validation. RESULTS Cluster analysis before colectomy distinguished patients with pouchitis from those with normal pouch during the 1st year of follow-up. In patients developing pouchitis, an increase of Ruminococcus gnavus (p<0.001), Bacteroides vulgatus (p=0.043), Clostridium perfringens (p=0.011) and a reduction of two Lachnospiraceae genera (Blautia (p=0.04), Roseburia (p=0.008)) was observed. A score combining these five bacterial risk factors was calculated and presence of at least two risk factors showed a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 63.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Presence of R. gnavus, B. vulgatus and C. perfringens and absence of Blautia and Roseburia in faecal samples of patients with UC before surgery is associated with a higher risk of pouchitis after IPAA. Our findings suggest new predictive and therapeutic strategies in patients undergoing colectomy with IPAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Machiels
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Sabino
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Vandermosten
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Joossens
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Arijs
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magali de Bruyn
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Venessa Eeckhaut
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Assche
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Verhaegen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristel Van Steen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Montefiore Institute, Liège, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geert Huys
- Laboratory of Microbiology & BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Albert Wolthuis
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Andre D'Hoore
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Rutgeerts
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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He C, Shi Y, Wu R, Sun M, Fang L, Wu W, Liu C, Tang M, Li Z, Wang P, Cong Y, Liu Z. miR-301a promotes intestinal mucosal inflammation through induction of IL-17A and TNF-α in IBD. Gut 2016; 65:1938-1950. [PMID: 26338824 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNA (miR)-301a is known to be involved in the tumourigenesis and pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, but it remains unclear whether miR-301a is associated with the pathogenesis of IBD. METHODS miR-301a expression was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD by quantitative real-time-PCR. Peripheral blood CD4+ T cells were transduced with lentivirus-encoding pre-miR-301a (LV-miR-301a) or a reverse complementary sequence of miR-301a (LV-anti-miR-301a), and their differentiation and activation were investigated in vitro. Antisense miR-301a was administered into mice during trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis to determine its role in colitis. RESULTS miR-301a expression was significantly upregulated in PBMC and inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD compared with healthy controls. Stimulation with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) significantly enhanced miR-301a expression in IBD CD4+ T cells, which was markedly reversed by anti-TNF-α mAb (Infliximab) treatment. Transduction of LV-miR-301a into CD4+ T cells from patients with IBD promoted the Th17 cell differentiation and TNF-α production compared with the cells with expression of LV-anti-miR-301a. SNIP1 as a functional target of miR-301a was reduced in miR-301a expression but increased in LV-anti-miR-301a expression. Knockdown of SNIP1 could enhance Th17 cell differentiation. Furthermore, intracolonical administration of antisense miR-301a in TNBS-induced mouse colitis model significantly decreased numbers of interleukin (IL)-17A+ cells and amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg, IL-17A, TNF-α) in inflamed colon. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal a novel mechanism in which the elevated miR-301a in PBMC and inflamed mucosa of IBD promotes Th17 cell differentiation through downregulation of SNIP1. Blockade of miR-301a in vivo may serve as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Changqin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maochun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Hedl M, Abraham C. A TPL2 (MAP3K8) disease-risk polymorphism increases TPL2 expression thereby leading to increased pattern recognition receptor-initiated caspase-1 and caspase-8 activation, signalling and cytokine secretion. Gut 2016; 65. [PMID: 26215868 PMCID: PMC5106344 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IBD is characterised by dysregulated intestinal immune homeostasis and cytokine secretion. In the intestine, properly regulating pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated signalling and cytokines is crucial given the ongoing host-microbial interactions. TPL2 (MAP3K8, COT) contributes to PRR-initiated pathways, yet the mechanisms for TPL2 signalling contributions in primary human myeloid cells are incompletely understood and its role in intestinal myeloid cells is poorly defined. Furthermore, functional consequences for the IBD-risk locus rs1042058 in TPL2 are unknown. METHODS We analysed protein, cytokine and RNA expression, and signalling in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) through western blot, ELISA, real-time PCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS PRR-induced cytokine secretion was increased in MDMs from rs1042058 TPL2 GG risk individuals. TPL2 activation by the Crohn's disease-associated PRR nucleotide-oligomerisation domain (NOD)2 required PKC, and IKKβ, IKKα and IKKγ signalling. TPL2, in turn, significantly enhanced NOD2-induced ERK, JNK and NFκB signalling. We found that another major mechanism for the TPL2 contribution to NOD2 signalling was through ERK-dependent and JNK-dependent caspase-1 and caspase-8 activation, which in turn, led to early autocrine interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 secretion and amplification of long-term cytokines. Importantly, Salmonella typhimurium-induced cytokines from human intestinal myeloid-derived cells required TPL2 as well as autocrine IL-1β and IL-18. Finally, rs1042058 GG risk carrier MDMs from healthy individuals and patients with Crohn's disease had increased TPL2 expression and NOD2-initiated TPL2 phosphorylation, ERK, JNK and NFκB activation, and early autocrine IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the rs1042058 GG IBD-risk polymorphism in TPL2 results in a gain-of-function by increasing TPL2 expression and signalling, thereby amplifying PRR-initiated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Hedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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12
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Kvedaraite E, Lourda M, Ideström M, Chen P, Olsson-Åkefeldt S, Forkel M, Gavhed D, Lindforss U, Mjösberg J, Henter JI, Svensson M. Tissue-infiltrating neutrophils represent the main source of IL-23 in the colon of patients with IBD. Gut 2016; 65:1632-41. [PMID: 26160381 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-309014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In IBD, interleukin-23 (IL-23) and its receptor (IL-23R) are implicated in disease initiation and progression. Novel insight into which cells produce IL-23 at the site of inflammation at an early stage of IBD will promote the development of new tools for diagnosis, treatment and patient monitoring. We examined the cellular source of IL-23 in colon tissue of untreated newly diagnosed paediatric patients with IBD. DESIGN Colon tissues from IBD and non-IBD patients were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and flow cytometry after appropriate sample preparation. Blood samples from IBD and non-IBD patients and healthy controls were analysed using flow cytometry and qPCR. RESULTS We discovered that tissue-infiltrating neutrophils were the main source of IL-23 in the colon of paediatric patients with IBD, while IL-23(+) human leucocyte antigen-DR(+) or IL-23(+)CD14(+) cells were scarce or non-detectable, respectively. The colonic IL-23(+) neutrophils expressed C-X-C motif (CXC)R1 and CXCR2, receptors for the CXC ligand 8 (CXCL8) chemokine family, and a corresponding CXCR1(+)CXCR2(+)IL-23(+)subpopulation of neutrophils was also identified in the blood of both patients with IBD and healthy individuals. However, CXCL8-family chemokines were only elevated in colon tissue from patients with IBD. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence of CXCR1(+)CXCR2(+)IL-23-producing neutrophils that infiltrate and accumulate in inflamed colon tissue of patients with IBD. Thus, this novel source of IL-23 may play a key role in disease progression and will be important to take into consideration in the development of future strategies to monitor, treat and prevent IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Kvedaraite
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magda Lourda
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Ideström
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Puran Chen
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Selma Olsson-Åkefeldt
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Forkel
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Désirée Gavhed
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Lindforss
- Department of Clinical Science, Gastromedical Center, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Canavan JB, Scottà C, Vossenkämper A, Goldberg R, Elder MJ, Shoval I, Marks E, Stolarczyk E, Lo JW, Powell N, Fazekasova H, Irving PM, Sanderson JD, Howard JK, Yagel S, Afzali B, MacDonald TT, Hernandez-Fuentes MP, Shpigel NY, Lombardi G, Lord GM. Developing in vitro expanded CD45RA+ regulatory T cells as an adoptive cell therapy for Crohn's disease. Gut 2016; 65:584-94. [PMID: 25715355 PMCID: PMC4819603 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Thymus-derived regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediate dominant peripheral tolerance and treat experimental colitis. Tregs can be expanded from patient blood and were safely used in recent phase 1 studies in graft versus host disease and type 1 diabetes. Treg cell therapy is also conceptually attractive for Crohn's disease (CD). However, barriers exist to this approach. The stability of Tregs expanded from Crohn's blood is unknown. The potential for adoptively transferred Tregs to express interleukin-17 and exacerbate Crohn's lesions is of concern. Mucosal T cells are resistant to Treg-mediated suppression in active CD. The capacity for expanded Tregs to home to gut and lymphoid tissue is unknown. METHODS To define the optimum population for Treg cell therapy in CD, CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo)CD45RA(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo)CD45RA(-) Treg subsets were isolated from patients' blood and expanded in vitro using a workflow that can be readily transferred to a good manufacturing practice background. RESULTS Tregs can be expanded from the blood of patients with CD to potential target dose within 22-24 days. Expanded CD45RA(+) Tregs have an epigenetically stable FOXP3 locus and do not convert to a Th17 phenotype in vitro, in contrast to CD45RA(-) Tregs. CD45RA(+) Tregs highly express α4β7 integrin, CD62L and CC motif receptor 7 (CCR7). CD45RA(+) Tregs also home to human small bowel in a C.B-17 severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) xenotransplant model. Importantly, in vitro expansion enhances the suppressive ability of CD45RA(+) Tregs. These cells also suppress activation of lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes isolated from inflamed Crohn's mucosa. CONCLUSIONS CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo)CD45RA(+) Tregs may be the most appropriate population from which to expand Tregs for autologous Treg therapy for CD, paving the way for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Canavan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Experimental Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK,Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cristiano Scottà
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK,Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Vossenkämper
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Rimma Goldberg
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Experimental Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK,Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Elder
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Experimental Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Irit Shoval
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ellen Marks
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Experimental Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emilie Stolarczyk
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK,Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan W Lo
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Experimental Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Powell
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Experimental Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK,Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Henrieta Fazekasova
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK,Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter M Irving
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeremy D Sanderson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane K Howard
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK,Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simcha Yagel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK,Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas T MacDonald
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Maria P Hernandez-Fuentes
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Experimental Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nahum Y Shpigel
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK,Department of Immunoregulation and Immune Intervention, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Experimental Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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14
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Melhem H, Hansmannel F, Bressenot A, Battaglia-Hsu SF, Billioud V, Alberto JM, Gueant JL, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Methyl-deficient diet promotes colitis and SIRT1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Gut 2016; 65:595-606. [PMID: 25608526 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methyl donor deficiency (MDD) aggravates experimental colitis in rats and increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through decreased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in neuronal cells and myocardium. ER stress plays a key role in IBD pathogenesis. AIM We investigated whether the influence of MDD on colitis resulted from an ER stress response triggered by decreased SIRT1 expression. DESIGN The unfolded protein response (UPR), chaperones proteins, heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF1) and SIRT1 were examined in rats with MDD and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a Caco-2 cell model with stable expression of transcobalamin-oleosin (TO) chimera, which impairs cellular availability of vitamin B12, and in IBD. The effects of SIRT1 activation were studied both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS MDD aggravated DSS-induced colitis clinically, endoscopically and histologically. MDD activated ER stress pathways, with increased phosphorylate-PKR-like ER kinase, P-eiF-2α, P-IRE-1α, activating transcription factor (ATF)6, XBP1-S protein and ATF4 mRNA expression levels in rats. This was accompanied by reduced SIRT1 expression level and greater acetylation of HSF1, in relation with a dramatic decrease of chaperones (binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP), heat shock protein (HSP)27 and HSP90). Adding either vitamin B12, S-adenosylmethionine or an SIRT1 activator (SRT1720) reduced the UPR in vitro. In rats, SIRT1 activation by SRT1720 prevented colitis by reducing HSF1 acetylation and increasing expression of BIP, HSP27 and HSP90. Immunohistochemistry showed impaired expression of SIRT1 in the colonic epithelium of patients with IBD. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 is a master regulator of ER stress and severity of experimental colitis in case of MDD. It could deserve further interest as a therapeutic target of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Melhem
- INSERM U954, Faculté de Médecine, Nutrition Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Université de Lorraine 54 511, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Franck Hansmannel
- INSERM U954, Faculté de Médecine, Nutrition Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Université de Lorraine 54 511, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Aude Bressenot
- INSERM U954, Faculté de Médecine, Nutrition Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Université de Lorraine 54 511, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Syue-Fang Battaglia-Hsu
- INSERM U954, Faculté de Médecine, Nutrition Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Université de Lorraine 54 511, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Vincent Billioud
- INSERM U954, Faculté de Médecine, Nutrition Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Université de Lorraine 54 511, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Jean Marc Alberto
- INSERM U954, Faculté de Médecine, Nutrition Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Université de Lorraine 54 511, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Jean Louis Gueant
- INSERM U954, Faculté de Médecine, Nutrition Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Université de Lorraine 54 511, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- INSERM U954, Faculté de Médecine, Nutrition Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Université de Lorraine 54 511, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy cedex, France
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15
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Rehman A, Rausch P, Wang J, Skieceviciene J, Kiudelis G, Bhagalia K, Amarapurkar D, Kupcinskas L, Schreiber S, Rosenstiel P, Baines JF, Ott S. Geographical patterns of the standing and active human gut microbiome in health and IBD. Gut 2016; 65:238-48. [PMID: 25567118 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A global increase of IBD has been reported, especially in countries that previously had low incidence rates. Also, the knowledge of the human gut microbiome is steadily increasing, however, limited information regarding its variation on a global scale is available. In the light of the microbial involvement in IBDs, we aimed to (1) identify shared and distinct IBD-associated mucosal microbiota patterns from different geographical regions including Europe (Germany, Lithuania) and South Asia (India) and (2) determine whether profiling based on 16S rRNA transcripts provides additional resolution, both of which may hold important clinical relevance. DESIGN In this study, we analyse a set of 89 mucosal biopsies sampled from individuals of German, Lithuanian and Indian origins, using bacterial community profiling of a roughly equal number of healthy controls, patients with Crohn's disease and UC from each location, and analyse 16S rDNA and rRNA as proxies for standing and active microbial community structure, respectively. RESULTS We find pronounced population-specific as well as general disease patterns in the major phyla and patterns of diversity, which differ between the standing and active communities. The geographical origin of samples dominates the patterns of β diversity with locally restricted disease clusters and more pronounced effects in the active microbial communities. However, two genera belonging to the Clostridium leptum subgroup, Faecalibacteria and Papillibacter, display consistent patterns with respect to disease status and may thus serve as reliable 'microbiomarkers'. CONCLUSIONS These analyses reveal important interactions of patients' geographical origin and disease in the interpretation of disease-associated changes in microbial communities and highlight the added value of analysing communities on both the 16S rRNA gene (DNA) and transcript (RNA) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateequr Rehman
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Rausch
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jun Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Kiudelis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ketan Bhagalia
- Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Limas Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany Department of General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Ott
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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16
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Schaubeck M, Clavel T, Calasan J, Lagkouvardos I, Haange SB, Jehmlich N, Basic M, Dupont A, Hornef M, von Bergen M, Bleich A, Haller D. Dysbiotic gut microbiota causes transmissible Crohn's disease-like ileitis independent of failure in antimicrobial defence. Gut 2016; 65:225-37. [PMID: 25887379 PMCID: PMC4752651 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is associated with Crohn's disease (CD). Functional evidence for a causal role of bacteria in the development of chronic small intestinal inflammation is lacking. Similar to human pathology, TNF(deltaARE) mice develop a tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-driven CD-like transmural inflammation with predominant ileal involvement. DESIGN Heterozygous TNF(deltaARE) mice and wildtype (WT) littermates were housed under conventional (CONV), specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) conditions. Microbial communities were analysed by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Metaproteomes were measured using LC-MS. Temporal and spatial resolution of disease development was followed after antibiotic treatment and transfer of microbial communities into GF mice. Granulocyte infiltration and Paneth cell function was assessed by immunofluorescence and gene expression analysis. RESULTS GF-TNF(deltaARE) mice were free of inflammation in the gut and antibiotic treatment of CONV-TNF(deltaARE) mice attenuated ileitis but not colitis, demonstrating that disease severity and location are microbiota-dependent. SPF-TNF(deltaARE) mice developed distinct ileitis-phenotypes associated with gradual loss of antimicrobial defence. 16S analysis and metaproteomics revealed specific compositional and functional alterations of bacterial communities in inflamed mice. Transplantation of disease-associated but not healthy microbiota transmitted CD-like ileitis to GF-TNF(deltaARE) recipients and triggered loss of lysozyme and cryptdin-2 expression. Monoassociation of GF-TNF(deltaARE) mice with the human CD-related Escherichia coli LF82 did not induce ileitis. CONCLUSIONS We provide clear experimental evidence for the causal role of gut bacterial dysbiosis in the development of chronic ileal inflammation with subsequent failure of Paneth cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schaubeck
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jelena Calasan
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Sven Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institut for Medical Microbiology, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aline Dupont
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany,UFZ, Department of Metabolomics, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany,ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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17
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Wu W, He C, Liu C, Cao AT, Xue X, Evans-Marin HL, Sun M, Fang L, Yao S, Pinchuk IV, Powell DW, Liu Z, Cong Y. miR-10a inhibits dendritic cell activation and Th1/Th17 cell immune responses in IBD. Gut 2015; 64:1755-64. [PMID: 25281418 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although both innate and adaptive responses to microbiota have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, it is still largely unknown how they are regulated during intestinal inflammation. In this report, we investigated the role of microRNA (miR)-10a, a small, non-coding RNA, in the regulation of innate and adaptive responses to microbiota in IBD. METHODS miR-10a expression was analysed in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients treated with or without antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) (infliximab) by qRT-PCR. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) and IBD CD4+ T cells were transfected with miR-10a precursor to define their effect on the function of DC and CD4+ T cells. RESULTS The expression of miR-10a was markedly decreased, while NOD2 and interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23p40 were significantly increased, in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients compared with those in healthy controls. Commensal bacteria, TNF and interferon-γ inhibited human DC miR-10a expression in vitro. Anti-TNF mAb treatment significantly promoted miR-10a expression, whereas it markedly inhibited NOD2 and IL-12/IL-23p40 in the inflamed mucosa. We further identified NOD2, in addition to IL-12/IL-23p40, as a target of miR-10a. The ectopic expression of the miR-10a precursor inhibited IL-12/IL-23p40 and NOD2 in DC. Moreover, miR-10a was found to markedly suppress IBD T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cell responses. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that miR-10a is decreased in the inflamed mucosa of IBD and downregulates mucosal inflammatory response through inhibition of IL-12/IL-23p40 and NOD2 expression, and blockade of Th1/Th17 cell immune responses. Thus, miR-10a could play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Chong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Changqin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony T Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Heather L Evans-Marin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Don W Powell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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18
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Tanaka H, Takechi M, Kiyonari H, Shioi G, Tamura A, Tsukita S. Intestinal deletion of Claudin-7 enhances paracellular organic solute flux and initiates colonic inflammation in mice. Gut 2015; 64:1529-38. [PMID: 25691495 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design novel anti-inflammation treatments, it is important to recognise two distinct steps of inflammation: initiation and acceleration. In IBDs, intestinal inflammation is reported to be accelerated by dysfunction in the epithelial paracellular barrier formed by tight junctions (TJs). However, it is unclear whether changes in paracellular barrier function initiate inflammation. Some of the intestinal claudin-family proteins, which form the paracellular barrier, show aberrant expression levels and localisations in IBDs. We aimed to elucidate the role of paracellular-barrier change in initiating colonic inflammation. DESIGN We generated intestine-specific conditional knockout mice of claudin-7 (Cldn7), one of the predominant intestinal claudins. RESULTS The intestine-specific Cldn7 deficiency caused colonic inflammation, even though TJ structures were still present due to other claudins. The paracellular flux (pFlux), determined by measuring the paracellular permeability across the colon epithelium, was enhanced by the Cldn7 deficiency for the small organic solute Lucifer Yellow (457 Da), but not for the larger organic solute FITC-Dextran (4400 Da). Consistent with these results, the intestine-specific claudin-7 deficiency enhanced the pFlux for N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP) (438 Da), a major bacterial product, to initiate colonic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that specific enhancement of the pFlux for small organic solutes across the claudin-based TJs initiates colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Tanaka
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maki Takechi
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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19
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Masterson JC, McNamee EN, Fillon SA, Hosford L, Harris R, Fernando SD, Jedlicka P, Iwamoto R, Jacobsen E, Protheroe C, Eltzschig HK, Colgan SP, Arita M, Lee JJ, Furuta GT. Eosinophil-mediated signalling attenuates inflammatory responses in experimental colitis. Gut 2015; 64:1236-47. [PMID: 25209655 PMCID: PMC4515997 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eosinophils reside in the colonic mucosa and increase significantly during disease. Although a number of studies have suggested that eosinophils contribute to the pathogenesis of GI inflammation, the expanding scope of eosinophil-mediated activities indicate that they also regulate local immune responses and modulate tissue inflammation. We sought to define the impact of eosinophils that respond to acute phases of colitis in mice. DESIGN Acute colitis was induced in mice by administration of dextran sulfate sodium, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid or oxazolone to C57BL/6J (control) or eosinophil deficient (PHIL) mice. Eosinophils were also depleted from mice using antibodies against interleukin (IL)-5 or by grafting bone marrow from PHIL mice into control mice. Colon tissues were collected and analysed by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and reverse transcription PCR; lipids were analysed by mass spectroscopy. RESULTS Eosinophil-deficient mice developed significantly more severe colitis, and their colon tissues contained a greater number of neutrophils, than controls. This compensatory increase in neutrophils was accompanied by increased levels of the chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2, which attract neutrophils. Lipidomic analyses of colonic tissue from eosinophil-deficient mice identified a deficiency in the docosahexaenoic acid-derived anti-inflammatory mediator 10, 17- dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (diHDoHE), namely protectin D1 (PD1). Administration of an exogenous PD1-isomer (10S, 17S-DiHDoHE) reduced the severity of colitis in eosinophil-deficient mice. The PD1-isomer also attenuated neutrophil infiltration and reduced levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and inducible NO-synthase in colons of mice. Finally, in vitro assays identified a direct inhibitory effect of PD1-isomer on neutrophil transepithelial migration. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophils exert a protective effect in acute mouse colitis, via production of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C Masterson
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eóin N McNamee
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sophie A Fillon
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lindsay Hosford
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel Harris
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Shahan D Fernando
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ryo Iwamoto
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Jacobsen
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Cheryl Protheroe
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Makoto Arita
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Gastrointestinal Eosinophilic Diseases Program, Department of Pediatrics; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA,University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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20
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Law IKM, Bakirtzi K, Polytarchou C, Oikonomopoulos A, Hommes D, Iliopoulos D, Pothoulakis C. Neurotensin--regulated miR-133α is involved in proinflammatory signalling in human colonic epithelial cells and in experimental colitis. Gut 2015; 64:1095-104. [PMID: 25112884 PMCID: PMC4422787 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurotensin (NT) mediates colonic inflammation through its receptor neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1). NT stimulates miR-133α expression in colonic epithelial cells. We investigated the role of miR-133α in NT-associated colonic inflammation in vitro and in vivo. DESIGN miR-133α and aftiphilin (AFTPH) levels were measured by quantitative PCR. Antisense (as)-miR-133α was administrated intracolonicaly prior to induction of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The effect of AFTPH was examined by gene silencing in vitro. RESULTS NT increased miR-133α levels in NCM-460 overexpressing NTR1 (NCM460-NTR1) and HCT-116 cells. NT-induced p38, ERK1/2, c-Jun, and NF-κB activation, as well as IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in NCM-460-NTR1 cells were reduced in miR-133α-silenced cells, while overexpression of miR-133α reversed these effects. MiR-133α levels were increased in TNBS (2 day) and DSS (5 day) colitis, while NTR1 deficient DSS-exposed mice had reduced miR-133α levels, compared to wild-type colitic mice. Intracolonic as-miR-133α attenuated several parameters of colitis as well expression of proinflammatory mediators in the colonic mucosa. In silico search coupled with qPCR identified AFTPH as a downstream target of miR-133α, while NT decreased AFTPH expression in NCM-460-NTR1 colonocytes. Gene silencing of AFTPH enhanced NT-induced proinflammatory responses and AFTPH levels were downregulated in experimental colitis. Levels of miR-133α were significantly upregulated, while AFTPH levels were downregulated in colonic biopsies of patients with ulcerative colitis compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS NT-associated colitis and inflammatory signalling are regulated by miR-133α-AFTPH interactions. Targeting of miR-133α or AFTPH may represent a novel therapeutic approach in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Ka Man Law
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kyriaki Bakirtzi
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christos Polytarchou
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angelos Oikonomopoulos
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel Hommes
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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21
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Fu SH, Lin MH, Yeh LT, Wang YL, Chien MW, Lin SH, Chang DM, Sytwu HK. Targeting tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 assembly reverses Th17-mediated colitis through boosting a Th2 response. Gut 2015; 64:765-75. [PMID: 25011937 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The soluble preligand assembly domain (PLAD) of tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) interferes with receptor trimerisation to block downstream signalling, and mediates Th17 suppression. We explored the therapeutic potential of recombinant PLAD.Fc protein on a spontaneous experimental colitis. DESIGN A T-cell-specific BLIMP-1 knockout mouse model with mixed Th1/Th17 responses, resembling human Crohn's disease (CD) was established, and its colitogenic phenotype was characterised. Mice, 9 weeks old, were treated with PLAD.Fc protein at 5 mg/kg of body weight twice per week for 16 weeks, and presence of colitis was monitored by the appearance of diarrhoea, weight loss, and by histological colonic scoring. Activation status, cytokine profiles, and transcription factors in T cells were further analysed. RESULTS The colitogenic phenotype in BLIMP-1 knockout mice was alleviated when an interleukin (IL)-23 knockdown transgene was introduced, indicating a therapeutic potential by downregulating IL-23-Th17 axis in these knockout mice. In PLAD.Fc-treated group, the mouse body weight remained stable and only mild disease scores were revealed. The percentage of naive CD4 T cells was increased and that of effector/memory CD4 T cells was decreased after PLAD.Fc-treatment. Moreover, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23R, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and TNF-α were diminished. Strikingly, Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-13 and IL-10) in sera, as well as percentages of Th2 cells, were increased in PLAD.Fc-treated mice. However, PLAD.Fc-mediated suppression of effector phenotypes in Th1/Th17 was abrogated after neutralising IL-10. CONCLUSIONS The Th2 cytokine milieu induced by PLAD.Fc rebalanced T-helper cell subsets and conferred a protection against colitis in BLIMP-1 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Huei Fu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Yeh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Wang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan Research Center for Composite Tissue Allotransplantation, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan Hsien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chien
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deh-Ming Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shimshoni E, Yablecovitch D, Baram L, Dotan I, Sagi I. ECM remodelling in IBD: innocent bystander or partner in crime? The emerging role of extracellular molecular events in sustaining intestinal inflammation. Gut 2015; 64:367-72. [PMID: 25416065 PMCID: PMC4345769 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elee Shimshoni
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Doron Yablecovitch
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel,Department of Gastroenterology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Liran Baram
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Denizot J, Desrichard A, Agus A, Uhrhammer N, Dreux N, Vouret-Craviari V, Hofman P, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Barnich N. Diet-induced hypoxia responsive element demethylation increases CEACAM6 expression, favouring Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli colonisation. Gut 2015; 64:428-37. [PMID: 24898815 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) are abnormally predominant on Crohn's disease (CD) ileal mucosa. AIEC strains adhere to enterocytes via interaction between type 1 pili and CEACAM6 receptors abnormally expressed on CD ileal mucosa, leading to gut inflammation. We analysed whether epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the upregulation of CEACAM6 expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). DESIGN Methylation of CEACAM6 promoter was analysed using bisulfite sequencing and site-specific methylation by SnapShot. pCpGfree reporter system was used to analyse CEACAM6 promoter activity. Transgenic mice expressing human CEACAM6 fed either standard food or a low-methyl diet (LMD) were orally challenged with 10(9) AIEC LF82. After 3 days, gut-associated AIEC and proinflammatory cytokines were quantified. RESULTS Analysis of CEACAM6 gene promoter revealed potentially methylated dinucleotide CpGs within HIF-1-responsive elements (HREs). Methylation levels of CpG within CEACAM6 promoter were inversely correlated with CEACAM6 expression in IEC expressing various levels of CEACAM6. We show the critical role of HRE methylation and transcription factor HIF-1 in the regulation of CEACAM6 gene in IEC. This was confirmed in transgenic mice expressing human CEACAM6 fed a LMD. LMD-dependent HRE demethylation led to abnormal gut expression of CEACAM6, favouring AIEC colonisation and subsequent inflammation. CONCLUSIONS HRE hypomethylation in CEACAM6 promoter correlates with high expression in IEC. Our findings suggest that abnormal DNA methylation leading to CEACAM6 increased expression and AIEC-mediated gut inflammation can be related to changes in nutritional habits, such as low intake in methyl donor molecules, leading to abnormal epigenetic marks in mouse model mimicking CD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Denizot
- Clermont Université, M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France Unité Sous Contrat 2018 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alexis Desrichard
- Departments of Oncogenetics and Breast Oncology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Allison Agus
- Clermont Université, M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France Unité Sous Contrat 2018 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- Departments of Oncogenetics and Breast Oncology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Dreux
- Clermont Université, M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France Unité Sous Contrat 2018 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Vouret-Craviari
- Institute for Research on Cancer and aging (IRCAN), Nice, France University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Institute for Research on Cancer and aging (IRCAN), Nice, France University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Human Biobank, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
- Clermont Université, M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France Unité Sous Contrat 2018 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Génie Biologique, Aubière, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Clermont Université, M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France Unité Sous Contrat 2018 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Génie Biologique, Aubière, France
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24
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Leal RF, Planell N, Kajekar R, Lozano JJ, Ordás I, Dotti I, Esteller M, Masamunt MC, Parmar H, Ricart E, Panés J, Salas A. Identification of inflammatory mediators in patients with Crohn's disease unresponsive to anti-TNFα therapy. Gut 2015; 64:233-42. [PMID: 24700437 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) therapy effectively induces and maintains remission in Crohn's disease (CD). Up to 40% of patients, however, fail to respond to anti-TNFα. OBJECTIVE To identify the mechanisms underlying the persistence of mucosal lesions in patients who fail to respond to anti-TNFα therapy. DESIGN An observational study based on whole-genome transcriptional analysis was carried out using intestinal biopsy specimens from patients with CD receiving (n=12) or not (n=10) anti-TNFα therapy. The transcriptional signature of responders was compared with that of non-responders after anti-TNFα therapy. Controls with non-inflammatory bowel disease (non-IBD) (n=17) were used for comparisons. Genes of interest were validated by real-time RT-PCR in an independent cohort of patients with CD receiving (n=17) or not (n=16) anti-TNFα and non-IBD controls (n=7). RESULTS We confirmed that response to anti-TNFα is accompanied by significant regulation of a large number of genes, including IL1B, S100A8, CXCL1, which correlated with endoscopic activity. Remarkably, patients who failed to respond to anti-TNFα showed a mixed signature, maintaining increased expression of IL1B, IL17A and S100A8, while showing significant modulation of other genes commonly upregulated in active CD, including IL6 and IL23p19. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that anti-TNFα therapy significantly downregulates a subset of inflammatory genes even in patients who fail to achieve endoscopic remission, suggesting that these genes may not be dominant in driving inflammation in non-responders. On the other hand, we identified IL1B and IL17A as genes that remained altered in non-responders, pointing to potentially more relevant targets for modulating mucosal damage in refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Franco Leal
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain Postdoctoral CAPES fellow, Brazil
| | - Núria Planell
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain Bioinformatics Platform, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Radhika Kajekar
- Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey, USA Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Ingrid Ordás
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Esteller
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carme Masamunt
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Harsukh Parmar
- Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey, USA EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elena Ricart
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Panés
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
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Cleynen I, Vazeille E, Artieda M, Verspaget HW, Szczypiorska M, Bringer MA, Lakatos PL, Seibold F, Parnell K, Weersma RK, Mahachie John JM, Morgan-Walsh R, Staelens D, Arijs I, De Hertogh G, Müller S, Tordai A, Hommes DW, Ahmad T, Wijmenga C, Pender S, Rutgeerts P, Van Steen K, Lottaz D, Vermeire S, Darfeuille-Michaud A. Genetic and microbial factors modulating the ubiquitin proteasome system in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2014; 63:1265-74. [PMID: 24092863 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altered microbiota composition, changes in immune responses and impaired intestinal barrier functions are observed in IBD. Most of these features are controlled by proteases and their inhibitors to maintain gut homeostasis. Unrestrained or excessive proteolysis can lead to pathological gastrointestinal conditions. The aim was to validate the identified protease IBD candidates from a previously performed systematic review through a genetic association study and functional follow-up. DESIGN We performed a genetic association study in a large multicentre cohort of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and UC from five European IBD referral centres in a total of 2320 CD patients, 2112 UC patients and 1796 healthy controls. Subsequently, we did an extensive functional assessment of the candidate genes to explore their causality in IBD pathogenesis. RESULTS Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four genes were significantly associated with CD: CYLD, USP40, APEH and USP3. CYLD was the most significant gene with the intronically located rs12324931 the strongest associated SNP (p(FDR)=1.74e-17, OR=2.24 (1.83 to 2.74)). Five SNPs in four genes were significantly associated with UC: USP40, APEH, DAG1 and USP3. CYLD, as well as some of the other associated genes, is part of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). We therefore determined if the IBD-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) can modulate the UPS functioning. Infection of intestinal epithelial cells with the AIEC LF82 reference strain modulated the UPS turnover by reducing poly-ubiquitin conjugate accumulation, increasing 26S proteasome activities and decreasing protein levels of the NF-κB regulator CYLD. This resulted in IκB-α degradation and NF-κB activation. This activity was very important for the pathogenicity of AIEC since decreased CYLD resulted in increased ability of AIEC LF82 to replicate intracellularly. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal the UPS, and CYLD specifically, as an important contributor to IBD pathogenesis, which is favoured by both genetic and microbial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Cleynen
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emilie Vazeille
- Clermont Université, Inserm U1071, Université d'Auvergne, INRA USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Hein W Verspaget
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Dutch Initiative on Crohn and Colitis (ICC)
| | | | - Marie-Agnès Bringer
- Clermont Université, Inserm U1071, Université d'Auvergne, INRA USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Peter L Lakatos
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frank Seibold
- Department of Gastroenterology, Spitalnetz Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kirstie Parnell
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter & Plymouth, Exeter, UK
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Dutch Initiative on Crohn and Colitis (ICC) Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen and the University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jestinah M Mahachie John
- Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium Bioinformatics and Modeling, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Morgan-Walsh
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dominiek Staelens
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Arijs
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Department of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Müller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Atilla Tordai
- Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service, Molecular Diagnostics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel W Hommes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Dutch Initiative on Crohn and Colitis (ICC) Division of Digestive Diseases, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter & Plymouth, Exeter, UK
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Dutch Initiative on Crohn and Colitis (ICC) Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen and the University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Pender
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Rutgeerts
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristel Van Steen
- Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium Bioinformatics and Modeling, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Lottaz
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland
| | - Severine Vermeire
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
- Clermont Université, Inserm U1071, Université d'Auvergne, INRA USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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26
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Deuring JJ, Fuhler GM, Konstantinov SR, Peppelenbosch MP, Kuipers EJ, de Haar C, van der Woude CJ. Genomic ATG16L1 risk allele-restricted Paneth cell ER stress in quiescent Crohn's disease. Gut 2014; 63:1081-91. [PMID: 23964099 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although genome wide association studies have partly uncovered the genetic basis of Crohn's disease (CD), it remains a challenge to link genetic polymorphisms to functional intestinal phenotypes. Paneth cells are specialised antimicrobial epithelial cells localised to the small-intestinal crypt-base. Here, we investigate whether genomic variations in ATG16L1 affect Paneth cell function. DESIGN Genomic variation of ATG16L1 (T300A, rs2241880) was determined in DNA from 78 patients with CD and 12 healthy controls. Paraffin-embedded ileal biopsies from patients with genotype AA (n=17), GA (n=38) and patients with the GG allele (n=23) were stained for GRP78, phospho-EIF2α, lysozyme, cleaved-caspase 3, phosphohistone H3, phospho-IκB, p65, phospho-p38MAPK and PHLDA1. Microbial composition of biopsies was assessed by PCR. Disease phenotype was scored. RESULTS In patients with quiescent disease but with an ATG16L1 risk allele, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers GRP78 and pEIF2α were highly expressed in Paneth cells. Other CD risk gene variations did not correlate with Paneth cell ER stress. Functionally, patients with ER-stressed Paneth cells showed no changes in intestinal epithelial cells proliferation or apoptosis, Paneth cell or stem cell numbers, p65, phospho-IκB and phospho-p38 staining. However, a significantly increased presence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli was observed in biopsies from patients with ER-stressed Paneth cells. Phenotypically, patients with GRP78 positive Paneth cells have relatively less colonic disease over ileal disease (-21%, p=0.04), more fistulas (+21%, p=0.05) and an increased need for intestinal surgery (+38%, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS The ATG16L1 T300A polymorphism defines a specific subtype of patients with CD, characterised by Paneth cell ER stress even during quiescent disease. Paneth cell ER stress correlates with bacterial persistence, and is thus likely to modulate antimicrobial functionality of this cell type in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jasper Deuring
- Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sergey R Konstantinov
- Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin de Haar
- Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Janneke van der Woude
- Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Jellbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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28
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Martinez-Medina M, Denizot J, Dreux N, Robin F, Billard E, Bonnet R, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Barnich N. Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation. Gut 2014; 63:116-24. [PMID: 23598352 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Western diet is a risk factor for Crohn's disease (CD). Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is abnormally expressed in CD patients. This allows adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) to colonise the gut mucosa and leads to inflammation. We assessed the effects of a high fat/high sugar (HF/HS) Western diet on gut microbiota composition, barrier integrity and susceptibility to infection in transgenic CEABAC10 mice expressing human CEACAMs. DESIGN Colonic microbiota composition and susceptibility of CEABAC10 mice to AIEC LF82 bacteria infection were determined in mice fed a conventional or HF/HS diet. Barrier function and inflammatory response were assessed by studying intestinal permeability, tight junction protein and mucin expression and localisation, and by determining histological score and levels of cytokine release. RESULTS HF/HS diet led to dysbiosis in WT and transgenic CEABAC10 mice, with a particular increase in E coli population in HF/HS-fed CEABAC10 mice. These mice showed decreased mucus layer thickness, increased intestinal permeability, induction of Nod2 and Tlr5 gene transcription, and increased TNFα secretion. These modifications led to a higher ability of AIEC bacteria to colonise the gut mucosa and to induce inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Western diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition, alters host homeostasis and promotes AIEC gut colonisation in genetically susceptible mice. These results support the multifactorial aetiology of CD and highlight the importance of diet in CD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Martinez-Medina
- Clermont Université, 'Microbe intestin inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte', UMR1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne M2iSH, , Clermont-Ferrand, France
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