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Rylova SN, Stoykow C, Del Pozzo L, Abiraj K, Tamma ML, Kiefer Y, Fani M, Maecke HR. The somatostatin receptor 2 antagonist 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 outperforms 64Cu-DOTA-TATE in a mouse xenograft model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195802. [PMID: 29668724 PMCID: PMC5906006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper-64 is an attractive radionuclide for PET imaging and is frequently used in clinical applications. The aim of this study was to perform a side-by-side comparison of the in vitro and in vivo performance of 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 (NODAGA = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane,1-glutaric acid,4,7-acetic acid, JR11 = p-Cl-Phe-cyclo(D-Cys-Aph(Hor)-D-Aph(cbm)-Lys-Thr-Cys)D-Tyr-NH2), a somatostatin receptor 2 antagonist, with the clinically used sst2 agonist 64Cu-DOTA-TATE ((TATE = D-Phe-cyclo(Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys)Thr). In vitro studies demonstrated Kd values of 5.7±0.95 nM (Bmax = 4.1±0.18 nM) for the antagonist 64/natCu-NODAGA-JR11 and 20.1±4.4. nM (Bmax = 0.48±0.18 nM) for the agonist 64/natCu-DOTA-TATE. Cell uptake studies showed the expected differences between agonists and antagonists. Whereas 64Cu-DOTA-TATE (the agonist) showed very effective internalization in the cell culture assay (with 50% internalized at 4 hours post-peptide addition under the given experimental conditions), 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 (the antagonist) showed little internalization but strong receptor-mediated uptake at the cell membrane. Biodistribution studies of 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 showed rapid blood clearance and tumor uptake with increasing tumor-to-relevant organ ratios within the first 4 hours and in some cases, 24 hours, respectively. The tumor washout was slow or non-existent in the first 4 hours, whereas the kidney washout was very efficient, leading to high and increasing tumor-to-kidney ratios over time. Specificity of tumor uptake was proven by co-injection of high excess of non-radiolabeled peptide, which led to >80% tumor blocking. 64Cu-DOTA-TATE showed less favorable pharmacokinetics, with the exception of lower kidney uptake. Blood clearance was distinctly slower and persistent higher blood values were found at 24 hours. Uptake in the liver and lung was relatively high and also persistent. The tumor uptake was specific and similar to that of 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 at 1 h, but release from the tumor was very fast, particularly between 4 and 24 hours. Tumor-to-normal organ ratios were distinctly lower after 1 hour. This is indicative of insufficient in vivo stability. PET studies of 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 reflected the biodistribution data with nicely delineated tumor and low background. 64Cu-NODAGA-JR11 shows promising pharmacokinetic properties for further translation into the clinic.
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Nock BA, Charalambidis D, Sallegger W, Waser B, Mansi R, Nicolas GP, Ketani E, Nikolopoulou A, Fani M, Reubi JC, Maina T. New Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptor-Directed [ 99mTc]Demobesin 1 Mimics: Synthesis and Comparative Evaluation. J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29517903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported on the gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonist [99mTc]1, ([99mTc]demobesin 1, 99mTc-[N4'-diglycolate-dPhe6,Leu-NHEt13]BBN(6-13)). [99mTc]1 has shown superior biological profile compared to analogous agonist-based 99mTc-radioligands. We herein present a small library of [99mTc]1 mimics generated after structural modifications in (a) the linker ([99mTc]2, [99mTc]3, [99mTc]4), (b) the peptide chain ([99mTc]5, [99mTc]6), and (c) the C-terminus ([99mTc]7 or [99mTc]8). The effects of above modifications on the biological properties of analogs were studied in PC-3 cells and tumor-bearing SCID mice. All analogs showed subnanomolar affinity for the human GRPR, while most receptor-affine 4 and 8 behaved as potent GRPR antagonists in a functional internalization assay. In mice bearing PC-3 tumors, [99mTc]1-[99mTc]6 exhibited GRPR-specific tumor uptake, rapidly clearing from normal tissues. [99mTc]4 displayed the highest tumor uptake (28.8 ± 4.1%ID/g at 1 h pi), which remained high even after 24 h pi (16.3 ± 1.8%ID/g), well surpassing that of [99mTc]1 (5.4 ± 0.7%ID/g at 24 h pi).
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Evans C, Aghion S, Amsler C, Bonomi G, Brusa R, Caccia M, Caravita R, Castelli F, Cerchiari G, Comparat D, Consolati G, Demetrio A, Di Noto L, Doser M, Fani M, Ferragut R, Fesel J, Fontana A, Gerber S, Giammarchi M, Gligorova A, Guatieri F, Haider S, Hinterberger A, Holmestad H, Kellerbauer A, Khalidova O, Krasnický D, Lagomarsino V, Lansonneur P, Lebrun P, Malbrunot C, Mariazzi S, Marton J, Matveev V, Mazzotta Z, Müller S, Nebbia G, Nedelec P, Oberthaler M, Pacifico N, Pagano D, Penasa L, Petracek V, Prelz F, Prevedelli M, Ravelli L, Rienaecker B, Robert J, Røhne O, Rotondi A, Sandaker H, Santoro R, Smestad L, Sorrentino F, Testera G, Tietje I, Widmann E, Yzombard P, Zimmer C, Zmeskal J, Zurlo N. Towards the first measurement of matter-antimatter gravitational interaction. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201818202040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The AEgIS (Antimatter Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy) is a CERN based experiment with the central aim to measure directly the gravitational acceleration of antihydrogen. Antihydrogen atoms will be produced via charge exchange reactions which will consist of Rydberg-excited positronium atoms sent to cooled antiprotons within an electromagnetic trap. The resulting Rydberg antihydrogen atoms will then be horizontally accelerated by an electric field gradient (Stark effect), they will then pass through a moiré deflectometer. The vertical deflection caused by the Earth's gravitational field will test for the first time the Weak Equivalence Principle for antimatter. Detection will be undertaken via a position sensitive detector. Around 103 antihydrogen atoms are needed for the gravitational measurement to be completed. The present status, current achievements and results will be presented, with special attention toward the laser excitation of positronium (Ps) to the n=3 state and the production of Ps atoms in the transmission geometry.
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Nicolas GP, Schreiter N, Kaul F, Uiters J, Bouterfa H, Kaufmann J, Erlanger TE, Cathomas R, Christ E, Fani M, Wild D. Sensitivity Comparison of 68Ga-OPS202 and 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Prospective Phase II Imaging Study. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:915-921. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Nicolas GP, Wild D, Fani M. Reply: Advantages and Limits of Targeted Radionuclide Therapy with Somatostatin Antagonists. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:547-548. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.203703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Nicolas GP, Beykan S, Bouterfa H, Kaufmann J, Bauman A, Lassmann M, Reubi JC, Rivier JE, Maecke HR, Fani M, Wild D. Safety, Biodistribution, and Radiation Dosimetry of 68Ga-OPS202 in Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Prospective Phase I Imaging Study. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:909-914. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Fani M, Nicolas GP, Wild D. Somatostatin Receptor Antagonists for Imaging and Therapy. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:61S-66S. [PMID: 28864614 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.186783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor (sstr) scintigraphy for imaging and sstr analogs for treatment have been used for more than 20 y. An important improvement in recent years was the introduction of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with radiolabeled sstr agonists, such as [90Y-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotide or [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotide (90Y- or 177Lu-DOTATOC, respectively) and [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotate (177Lu-DOTATATE). PET/CT with 68Ga-labeled sstr agonists, such as 68Ga-DOTATOC, 68Ga-DOTATATE, and [68Ga-DOTA,1-Nal3]octreotide (68Ga-DOTANOC), plays an important role in staging and restaging neuroendocrine tumors. Most importantly, sstr scintigraphy and sstr PET/CT can distinguish patients who will qualify for and benefit from peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. This characteristic of sstr targeting is important because it allows a personalized treatment approach (theranostic approach). Until recently, it was thought that internalization of the radiolabeled agonist was mandatory for sstr-mediated imaging and therapy. It was Ginj et al. who proposed in 2006 the paradigm shift that radiolabeled sstr antagonists may perform better than agonists despite the lack of internalization. Despite the rather limited number of head-to-head comparisons of sstr antagonists and agonists, the superiority of sstr antagonists was demonstrated in several cases. From a small library of sstr antagonists, the analog JR11 (Cpa-c[d-Cys-Aph(Hor)-d-Aph(Cbm)-Lys-Thr-Cys]-d-Tyr-NH2), an antagonist with selectivity for sstr subtype 2, showed the best overall characteristics for sstr subtype 2 targeting and was therefore selected for clinical translation. JR11 is under clinical development as a PET imaging agent when labeled with 68Ga (68Ga-NODAGA-JR11 or 68Ga-OPS202) and as a therapeutic agent when labeled with 177Lu (177Lu-DOTA-JR11 or 177Lu-OPS201). In this article, we discuss the development and current status of radiolabeled sstr antagonists. Evidence based on preclinical work, on quantitative in vivo autoradiography of human tumor slices, and on human data now supports a shift to sstr antagonists.
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Nicolas GP, Mansi R, McDougall L, Kaufmann J, Bouterfa H, Wild D, Fani M. Biodistribution, Pharmacokinetics, and Dosimetry of 177Lu-, 90Y-, and 111In-Labeled Somatostatin Receptor Antagonist OPS201 in Comparison to the Agonist 177Lu-DOTATATE: The Mass Effect. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1435-1441. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.191684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Fani M, Peitl PK, Velikyan I. Current Status of Radiopharmaceuticals for the Theranostics of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E30. [PMID: 28295000 PMCID: PMC5374434 DOI: 10.3390/ph10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear medicine plays a pivotal role in the management of patients affected by neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Radiolabeled somatostatin receptor analogs are by far the most advanced radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and therapy (radiotheranostics) of NENs. Their clinical success emerged receptor-targeted radiolabeled peptides as an important class of radiopharmaceuticals and it paved the way for the investigation of other radioligand-receptor systems. Besides the somatostatin receptors (sstr), other receptors have also been linked to NENs and quite a number of potential radiolabeled peptides have been derived from them. The Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) is highly expressed in benign insulinomas, the Cholecystokinin 2 (CCK2)/Gastrin receptor is expressed in different NENs, in particular medullary thyroid cancer, and the Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) receptor was found to be expressed in gastrointestinal and bronchial NENs, where interestingly, it is present in most of the sstr-negative and GLP-1R-negative NENs. Also in the field of sstr targeting new discoveries brought into light an alternative approach with the use of radiolabeled somatostatin receptor antagonists, instead of the clinically used agonists. The purpose of this review is to present the current status and the most innovative strategies for the diagnosis and treatment (theranostics) of neuroendocrine neoplasms using a cadre of radiolabeled regulatory peptides targeting their receptors.
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Malekinejad H, Fani M, Shafiee-Roodbari SK, Delkhosh-Kasmaie F, Rezaei-Golmisheh A. Crosstalk between E2f1 and c-Myc mediates hepato-protective effect of royal jelly on taxol-induced damages. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:626-637. [PMID: 27496854 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116660752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous histopathological studies have shown the hepatotoxicity of paclitaxel (TXL). However, there is little known about the molecular pathway(s) of TXL-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover the role of two transcription factors in the TXL-induced hepatotoxicity. Moreover, the hepato-protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) on TXL-induced toxicity was investigated. Wistar rats were divided into control and test groups. The test groups along with TXL received various doses of RJ (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, body weight). Biochemical hepatic functional assays, histopathological studies and hepatic superoxide dismutase level were determined. Additionally, the expression of E2f1 and cellular-myelocytomatosis (c-Myc) at messenger RNA (mRNA) level in the liver was evaluated. The hepatic functional biomarkers showed a significant ( p < 0.05) elevation in the TXL-received animals, while RJ administration for 28 days resulted in a remarkable reduction in TXL-elevated alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The TXL-treated animals showed a significant ( p < 0.05) up-regulation of E2f1 and down-regulation of c-Myc at mRNA level, respectively. RJ lowered the expression of E2f1 while enhanced the expression of c-Myc in a dose-dependent manner. Our data suggest the hepato-protective effects of RJ on TXL-induced toxicity, which may attribute to a clear crosstalk between E2f1 and c-Myc as two regulators of liver growth.
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Christ E, Wild D, Antwi K, Waser B, Fani M, Schwanda S, Heye T, Schmid C, Baer HU, Perren A, Reubi JC. Preoperative localization of adult nesidioblastosis using ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-exendin-4-PET/CT. Endocrine 2015; 50:821-3. [PMID: 26001537 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wenning AS, Kirchner P, Antwi K, Fani M, Wild D, Christ E, Gloor B. Preoperative Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor imaging reduces surgical trauma and pancreatic tissue loss in insulinoma patients: a report of three cases. Patient Saf Surg 2015; 9:23. [PMID: 26034506 PMCID: PMC4450456 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-015-0064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulinomas are rare tumors, in the majority of cases best treated by surgical resection. Preoperative localization of insulinoma is challenging. The more precise the preoperative localization the less invasive and safer is the resection. The purpose of the study is to check the impact of a new technique to localize insulinoma on the surgical strategy. Findings We present exact preoperative localization with Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) imaging. This allows a more precise resection thereby reducing surgical access trauma, loss of healthy pancreatic tissue and increasing safety and quality of the surgical intervention. Conclusion With the help of precise preoperative localization of insulinoma with GLP-1R imaging the surgeon is able to minimize the amount of resected healthy pancreatic tissue. We hypothesize that GLP-1R imaging will become a preoperative diagnostic tool to be used for many patients scheduled for open or laparoscopic insulinoma resection.
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Antwi K, Fani M, Nicolas G, Rottenburger C, Heye T, Reubi JC, Gloor B, Christ E, Wild D. Localization of Hidden Insulinomas with ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-Exendin-4 PET/CT: A Pilot Study. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1075-8. [PMID: 25999434 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.157768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (111)In-DOTA-exendin-4 SPECT/CT has been shown to be highly efficient in the detection of insulinomas. We aimed at determining whether novel PET/CT imaging with [Nle(14),Lys(40)(Ahx-DOTA-(68)Ga)NH2]exendin-4 ((68)Ga-DOTA-exendin-4) is feasible and sensitive in detecting benign insulinomas. METHODS (68)Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT and (111)In-DOTA-exendin-4 SPECT/CT were performed in a randomized cross-over order on 5 patients with endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. The gold standard for comparison was the histologic diagnosis after surgery. RESULTS In 4 patients histologic diagnosis confirmed a benign insulinoma, whereas one patient refused surgery despite a positive (68)Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT scan. In 4 of 5 patients, previously performed conventional imaging (CT or MR imaging) was not able to localize the insulinoma. (68)Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT correctly identified the insulinoma in 4 of 4 patients, whereas (111)In-DOTA-exendin-4 SPECT/CT correctly identified the insulinoma in only 2 of 4 patients. CONCLUSION These preliminary data suggest that the use of (68)Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT in detecting hidden insulinomas is feasible.
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Rylova SN, Barnucz E, Fani M, Braun F, Werner M, Lassmann S, Maecke HR, Weber WA. Does imaging αvβ3 integrin expression with PET detect changes in angiogenesis during bevacizumab therapy? J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1878-84. [PMID: 25278514 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.137570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In recent years, there has been a growing interest in molecular imaging markers of tumor-induced angiogenesis. Several radiolabeled RGD (arginine, glycine, aspartate) peptides have been developed for PET imaging of αvβ3 integrins in the tumor vasculature, but there are only limited data on how angiogenesis inhibitors affect the tumor uptake of these peptides. METHODS Changes in (68)Ga-NODAGA-c(RGDfK) peptide uptake were measured using PET during bevacizumab therapy of 2 αvβ3-negative squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (A-431 and FaDu) that induce αvβ3-positive neovasculature when transplanted into nude mice. Tumor uptake of (68)Ga-NODAGA-c(RGDfK) was correlated to microvascular density, vascular morphology, and permeability as well as αvβ3 integrin expression. RESULTS Bevacizumab significantly inhibited growth of A-431 tumors and caused a significant reduction in microvascular density and αvβ3 integrin expression within 7 d after start of therapy. Bevacizumab also caused a normalization of blood vessel morphology and decreased tumor necrosis. However, (68)Ga-NODAGA-c(RGDfK) uptake was significantly increased at day 7 of therapy and did not decrease until after 3 wk of treatment. In Fadu xenografts, bevacizumab therapy caused only a minor inhibition of tumor growth and minor changes in (68)Ga-NODAGA-c(RGDfK) uptake. CONCLUSION Uptake of radiolabeled RGD peptides is not necessarily decreased by effective antiangiogenic therapy. Early in the course of therapy a decrease in the expression of αvβ3 integrins may not be reflected by a decrease in the uptake of RGD peptides.
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Huclier-Markai S, Alliot C, Rousseau J, Chouin N, Fani M, Bouziotis P, Maina T, Cutler C, Barbet J. Promising prospects of 44mSc/44Sc as an in vivo generator: Biological evaluation and PET images. Nucl Med Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wild D, Fani M, Fischer R, Del Pozzo L, Kaul F, Krebs S, Fischer R, Rivier JEF, Reubi JC, Maecke HR, Weber WA. Comparison of somatostatin receptor agonist and antagonist for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy: a pilot study. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1248-52. [PMID: 24963127 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.138834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that somatostatin receptor (sst)-expressing tumors demonstrate higher uptake of radiolabeled sst antagonists than of sst agonists. In 4 consecutive patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors, we evaluated whether treatment with (177)Lu-labeled sst antagonists is feasible. METHODS After injection of approximately 1 GBq of (177)Lu-DOTA-[Cpa-c(DCys-Aph(Hor)-DAph(Cbm)-Lys-Thr-Cys)-DTyr-NH2] ((177)Lu-DOTA-JR11) and (177)Lu-DOTATATE, 3-dimensional voxel dosimetry analysis based on SPECT/CT was performed. A higher tumor-to-organ dose ratio for (177)Lu-DOTA-JR11 than for (177)Lu-DOTATATE was the prerequisite for treatment with (177)Lu-DOTA-JR11. RESULTS Reversible minor adverse effects of (177)Lu-DOTA-JR11 were observed. (177)Lu-DOTA-JR11 showed a 1.7-10.6 times higher tumor dose than (177)Lu-DOTATATE. At the same time, the tumor-to-kidney and tumor-to-bone marrow dose ratio was 1.1-7.2 times higher. All 4 patients were treated with (177)Lu-DOTA-JR11, resulting in partial remission in 2 patients, stable disease in 1 patient, and mixed response in the other patient. CONCLUSION Treatment of neuroendocrine tumors with radiolabeled sst antagonists is clinically feasible and may have a significant impact on peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.
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Bagheri R, Fani M, Barfi Ghasrodashti AR, Nouri Yadkouri N, Mousavi SM. Effect of a home bleaching agent on the fracture toughness of resin composites, using short rod design. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2014; 15:74-80. [PMID: 24883344 PMCID: PMC4033087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Resin composites are brittle materials and their major shortcomings are manifested in their sensitivity to flaws and defects. Although various mechanical properties of resin composites have been described, few studies are available on assessing the effect of bleaching agents on resin composites using the short rod design. PURPOSE To place various resin composites into distilled water at 37°C for 21 days and determine the effect of immersion time in distilled water, with and without exposure to 10% carbamide peroxide by employing short rod design fracture toughness test. MATERIALS AND METHOD Specimens were prepared from three resin composites; Rok (SDI), Esthet (Dentsply), and Estelite (Tokuyama). For each material, a total of 24 disc-shaped specimens were prepared using a custom-made mould. Specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups of 8 and conditioned in 37°C distilled water for either 24 hours, or 21 days. 21 day specimens were tested both with and without applying bleaching agent; Polanight (SDI). Study group specimens were bleached for 21 days, 2 hours a day. The specimens were loaded using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm per minute. The maximum load at specimen failure was recorded and the KIc (MPa. M (0.5)) was calculated. RESULTS Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA showed a significant relationship between material and time (p< 0.05).Tukey's test showed that after 24 h of immersion in distilled water, Rok revealed the highest KIc followed by Esthet and Estelite. The bleaching agent significantly improved the fracture toughness values of Esthet while it decreased that of Estelite. CONCLUSION The fracture toughness of the resin composites was affected by the bleaching agent and distilled water. In comparison with Rok and Estelite, fracture toughness of Esthet was increased due to aging and application of bleaching agent.
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Wang X, Fani M, Schulz S, Rivier J, Reubi JC, Maecke HR. Comprehensive evaluation of a somatostatin-based radiolabelled antagonist for diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 39:1876-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-012-2231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fani M, Braun F, Waser B, Beetschen K, Cescato R, Erchegyi J, Rivier JE, Weber WA, Maecke HR, Reubi JC. Unexpected Sensitivity of sst2 Antagonists to N-Terminal Radiometal Modifications. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:1481-9. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Fani M, Maecke HR. Radiopharmaceutical development of radiolabelled peptides. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 39 Suppl 1:S11-30. [PMID: 22388624 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-2001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Receptor targeting with radiolabelled peptides has become very important in nuclear medicine and oncology in the past few years. The overexpression of many peptide receptors in numerous cancers, compared to their relatively low density in physiological organs, represents the molecular basis for in vivo imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy with radiolabelled peptide-based probes. The prototypes are analogs of somatostatin which are routinely used in the clinic. More recent developments include somatostatin analogs with a broader receptor subtype profile or with antagonistic properties. Many other peptide families such as bombesin, cholecystokinin/gastrin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/exendin, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) etc. have been explored during the last few years and quite a number of potential radiolabelled probes have been derived from them. On the other hand, a variety of strategies and optimized protocols for efficient labelling of peptides with clinically relevant radionuclides such as (99m)Tc, M(3+) radiometals ((111)In, (86/90)Y, (177)Lu, (67/68)Ga), (64/67)Cu, (18)F or radioisotopes of iodine have been developed. The labelling approaches include direct labelling, the use of bifunctional chelators or prosthetic groups. The choice of the labelling approach is driven by the nature and the chemical properties of the radionuclide. Additionally, chemical strategies, including modification of the amino acid sequence and introduction of linkers/spacers with different characteristics, have been explored for the improvement of the overall performance of the radiopeptides, e.g. metabolic stability and pharmacokinetics. Herein, we discuss the development of peptides as radiopharmaceuticals starting from the choice of the labelling method and the conditions to the design and optimization of the peptide probe, as well as some recent developments, focusing on a selected list of peptide families, including somatostatin, bombesin, cholecystokinin/gastrin, GLP-1/exendin and RGD.
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Fani M, Maecke HR, Okarvi SM. Radiolabeled peptides: valuable tools for the detection and treatment of cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:481-501. [PMID: 22737187 PMCID: PMC3364555 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancer cells overexpress many peptide receptors as molecular targets. Radiolabeled peptides that bind with high affinity and specificity to the receptors on tumor cells hold great potential for both diagnostic imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy. The advantage of solid-phase peptide synthesis, the availability of different chelating agents and prosthetic groups and bioconjugation techniques permit the facile preparation of a wide variety of peptide-based targeting molecules with diverse biological and tumor targeting properties. Some of these peptides, including somatostatin, bombesin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, neurotensin, exendin and RGD are currently under investigation. It is anticipated that in the near future many of these peptides may find applications in nuclear oncology. This article presents recent developments in the field of small peptides, and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Fani M, Tamma ML, Nicolas GP, Lasri E, Medina C, Raynal I, Port M, Weber WA, Maecke HR. In Vivo Imaging of Folate Receptor Positive Tumor Xenografts Using Novel 68Ga-NODAGA-Folate Conjugates. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1136-45. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200418f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vranješ SD, Trtić TM, Fani M, Varvarigou AD, Archimandritis SC, Potamianos S, Bouziotis P, Xanthopoulos S, Čomor JJ. Investigation of trivalent 201TI as a possible radionuclide for labelling of MoAbs. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.25804401247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ambrosini V, Fani M, Fanti S, Forrer F, Maecke HR. Radiopeptide Imaging and Therapy in Europe. J Nucl Med 2011; 52 Suppl 2:42S-55S. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.085753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Abiraj K, Mansi R, Tamma ML, Fani M, Forrer F, Nicolas G, Cescato R, Reubi JC, Maecke HR. Bombesin Antagonist–Based Radioligands for Translational Nuclear Imaging of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor–Positive Tumors. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:1970-8. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.094375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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