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Kapil U, Sareen N. Delivering Sprinkles Plus through the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) to reduce anemia in pre-school children in India: correspondence. Indian J Pediatr 2014; 81:1135. [PMID: 24682810 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-014-1413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kapil U, Prakash S, Sareen N, Bhadoria AS, Khenduja P, Nigam S, Vijay J. Status of iodine deficiency among pregnant mothers in Himachal Pradesh, India. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:1971-4. [PMID: 24598389 PMCID: PMC11108708 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Iodine is an essential micronutrient needed for the production of thyroid hormones. Pregnant mothers who are deficient in iodine provide less iodine to the fetal thyroid. This results in low production of thyroid hormones by the fetal thyroid, thereby leading to compromised mental and physical development of the fetus. The current study aimed to assess the current status of iodine nutrition among pregnant mothers in Himachal Pradesh, India, a known endemic region for iodine deficiency. DESIGN Three districts, namely Kangra, Kullu and Solan, were selected. SETTING In each district, thirty clusters (villages) were identified by utilizing the population-proportional-to-size cluster sampling methodology. In each cluster, seventeen pregnant mothers attending the antenatal clinics were included. SUBJECTS A total of 1711 pregnant mothers (647 from Kangra, 551 from Kullu and 513 from Solan) were studied. Clinical examination of the thyroid of each pregnant mother was conducted. Spot urine samples were collected from ten pregnant mothers in each cluster. Similarly, salt samples were collected from eleven pregnant mothers in each cluster. RESULTS Total goitre rate was 42·2 % (Kangra), 42·0 % (Kullu) and 19·9 % (Solan). The median urinary iodine concentration was 200 μg/l (Kangra), 149 μg/l (Kullu) and 130 μg/l (Solan). The percentage of pregnant mothers consuming adequately iodized salt (iodine content of 15 ppm and more) was found to be 68·3 % (Kangra), 60·3 % (Kullu) and 48·5 % (Solan). CONCLUSION Pregnant mothers in Kullu and Solan districts had iodine deficiency as indicated by a median urinary iodine concentration less than 150 μg/l.
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Kapil U, Pandey RM, Prakash S, Kabra M, Sareen N, Bhadoria AS. Assessment of iodine deficiency in school age children in Nainital District, Uttarakhand State. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2014; 23:278-81. [PMID: 24901098 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.2.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a major public health problem in Uttarakhand. The present study was conducted in district Nainital, Uttarakhand state with an objective to assess the prevalence of IDD in school age children. A total of 2269 children in the age group of 6-12 years were included. Clinical examination of thyroid of all children was undertaken. "On the spot" urine samples were collected from 611 children. Salt samples were collected from the family kitchen for 642 children. The Total Goitre Rate (TGR) was 15.9%. The proportion of children with urinary iodine excretion levels <20, 20-49, 50-99, 100-199 and 200 μg/L and above, was nil, 11.8, 24.9, 38.3 and 25.0 percent, respectively. The median Urinary Iodine Excretion level was 125μg/L. About 57.7% of the children were consuming salt with iodine content of 15 ppm and more. Findings of the present study indicates that the population is possibly in transition phase from iodine deficient as revealed by Total Goitre Rate of 15.9% to iodine sufficient as revealed by median urinary iodine excretion level of 125 μg/L. There is a need to further strengthen the existing monitoring system for the quality of iodized salt in the district in order to achieve the elimination of IDD.
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Kapil U, Kabra M, Sareen N, Khenduja P, Pande S. Iodine nutrition status amongst neonates in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:351-3. [PMID: 24797042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency (ID) is an endemic health problem in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh (HP) state. ID leads to mental retardation, deaf mutism, squint, dwarfism, spastic diplegia, neurological defects and congenital anomalies. Iodine nutrition status amongst neonates can be assessed by estimating thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The present study was conducted with an objective to assess the iodine nutrition status amongst Neonates in Kangra district, HP. All of the hospitals in the district which provide obstetric services were enlisted, of which three were selected for this survey. A total of 613 umbilical cord blood samples of neonates were collected on filter paper and analyzed for TSH. WHO (2007) reported that that a <3% frequency of TSH concentrations above 5 mIU/L in samples collected 3-4 days after birth indicates iodine sufficiency in a population. In our study we found that 73.4% of the neonates had TSH levels of more than 5 mlU/l, thus indicating ID in the population studied. Iodine deficiency continues to be a public health problem in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh.
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Kapil U, Sareen N. Management of children with severe acute malnutrition. Indian Pediatr 2014; 51:587-588. [PMID: 25031149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Kapil U, Pandey RM, Jain V, Kabra M, Sareen N, Bhadoria AS. Status of iodine deficiency disorder in district Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand state India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2014; 18:419-421. [PMID: 24944942 PMCID: PMC4056146 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.131219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a public health problem in Uttarakhand state. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted in district Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand state with an objective to assess the status of iodine deficiency amongst school age children (6-12 years). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty clusters were selected by utilizing the population proportionate to size (PPS) cluster sampling methodology. A total of 1807 children in the age group of 6-12 years were included. The clinical examination of the thyroid of each child was conducted. Urine and Salt samples were collected from children. RESULTS The Total Goiter Rate (TGR) was found to be 13.2%. The proportion of children with Urinary Iodine Excretion (UIE) level <20, 20-49, 50-99, 100-199 and ≥200 μg/l was found to be nil, 6.0, 21.2, 34.2 and 38.5 percent, respectively. The median UIE level was 150 μg/l. Only 46.7% of the salt samples had stipulated level of iodine of 15 ppm and more. CONCLUSION The study population had mild degree of public health problem of iodine deficiency.
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Kapil U, Jain V, Kabra M, Pandey RM, Sareen N, Khenduja P. Prevalence of neonatal hypothyroidism in Kangra Valley, Himachal Pradesh. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:748-9. [PMID: 24755928 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency (ID) is an endemic health problem in Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh (HP). ID in pregnant mothers leads to neonatal hypothyroidism (NH), mental retardation, deaf mutism, squint, dwarfism, spastic dysplasia, neurological defects and congenital anomalies. NH can be assessed by estimating the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in cord blood samples. The present study was conducted with an objective to assess the prevalence of NH in district Kangra, HP. In district Kangra, all the hospitals providing obstetric services were enlisted. Three hospitals conducting more than 100 deliveries per year were selected randomly. A total of 613 umbilical cord blood samples of neonates were collected on filter papers and analyzed for TSH. TSH was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Neonates with TSH levels ⩾20 mIU/l were recalled for reassessment of TSH for confirmation of NH. Prevalence of NH was found to be 4.4%. This finding suggests the need for the implementation of a neonatal screening program for early detection of children with ID.
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Kapil U, Sareen N. Prevalence of ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies amongst children in 5-18 years of age in Delhi. Indian J Pediatr 2014; 81:312. [PMID: 23783764 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-013-1091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kapil U, Bhadoria AS, Sareen N, Singh P, Dwivedi SN. Reproductive factors and risk of breast cancer: A Review. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51:571-6. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.175345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sareen N, Singh S, Bhattacharya S. A Cu(ii) mediated new desulfurization pathway involving elimination of ethylene sulfide. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4635-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53395f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile and unusual route of desulfurization of a thiodiacetate moiety accompanied by elimination of thiirane.
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Kapil U, Pandey RM, Jain V, Kabra M, Sareen N, Bhadoria AS, Vijay J, Nigam S, Khenduja P. Increase in iodine deficiency disorder due to inadequate sustainability of supply of iodized salt in District Solan, Himachal Pradesh. J Trop Pediatr 2013; 59:514-5. [PMID: 23868574 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmt060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Himachal Pradesh is a known endemic area for iodine deficiency disorders. A study was conducted in district Solan with the objective of assessing the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders in school-age children. Thirty clusters were selected by using the probability-proportionate-to-size cluster sampling methodology. Clinical examination of the thyroid of 1898 children in the age-group of 6-12 years was conducted. Urine and salt samples were collected. The total goiter rate was found to be 15.4%. Median urinary iodine excretion level was 62.5 μg/l. Only 39% of the salt samples had iodine content of ≥15 ppm. Mild iodine deficiency was present in the subjects studied.
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Chander S, Kapil U, Jain V, Sareen N. Iodine deficiency disorders in school age children in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh. Indian Pediatr 2013; 50:883-4. [PMID: 24096846 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-013-0233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in Himachal Pradesh. A study was conducted in district Kullu to assess the prevalence of IDD in school age children. Clinical examination of the thyroid of 1986 children was conducted. On the spot urine and salt samples were collected. The Total Goiter Rate was found to be 23.4% and median urinary iodine excretion was 175 ug/L. The population is possibly in transition phase from iodine deficient to iodine sufficient nutrition.
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Kapil U, Bhadoria AS, Sareen N, Kaur S. Association of body mass index and waist circumference with hypertension among school children in the age group of 5-16 years belonging to lower income group and middle income group in National Capital Territory of Delhi. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 17:S345-S348. [PMID: 24251210 PMCID: PMC3830356 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.119614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hypertension is one of the most common diseases world-wide and the prevalence in school-aged children appears to be increasing perhaps as a result of increased prevalence of obesity. Thus, the present study was planned to establish an association between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with hypertension amongst school children in the age group of 5-16 years belonging to lower income group (LIG) and middle income group (MIG) in National Capital Territory of Delhi. MATERIALS AND METHODS Population proportionate to size methodology was adopted to select 30 clusters/schools in each LIG and MIG category. About 170 children from each school were selected randomly with the help of random number tables. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height and WC and blood pressure measurements were taken by using standard methodology. RESULTS The prevalence of high systolic blood pressure (SBP) in LIG and MIG school population was 2.8% and 4.1% respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in LIG and MIG school population was 2.7% and 4.2%, respectively. Statistical positive correlation was observed between BMI and WC with SBP and DBP. Thus, it can be inferred that children with high WC and BMI are more likely to have hypertension.
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Kaur S, Sachdev H, Dwivedi SN, Lakshmi R, Kapil U, Sareen N. Association of obesity with hypertension amongst school-age children belonging to lower income group and middle income group in national capital territory of delhi. Indian J Community Med 2013; 38:175-9. [PMID: 24019604 PMCID: PMC3760327 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.116355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases world-wide and the prevalence in school-aged children appears to be increasing perhaps as a result of increased prevalence of obesity. Thus, the present study was planned to establish an association between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with hypertension amongst school children in the age group of 5-16 years belonging to lower income group (LIG) and middle income group (MIG) in National Capital Territory of Delhi. Subjects and Methods: Population proportionate to size methodology was adopted to select 30 clusters/schools in each LIG and MIG category. About 170 children from each school were selected randomly with the help of random number tables. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height and WC and blood pressure measurements were taken by using the standard methodology. Results and Interpretation: t0 he prevalence of high systolic blood pressure (SBP) in LIG and MIG school population was 3.8 and 4.4% with high WC and BMI are more likely to have hypertension. Subjects and Methods: Population proportionate to size methodology was adopted to select 30 clusters/schools in each LIG and MIG category. About 170 children from each school were selected randomly with the help of random number tables. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height and WC and blood pressure measurements were taken by using the standard methodology. Results and Interpretation: t0 he prevalence of high systolic blood pressure (SBP) in LIG and MIG school population was 3.8 and 4.4% with high WC and BMI are more likely to have hypertension.
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Kapil U, Sareen N, Bhadoria AS. Status of iodine deficiency among children in national capital territory Of Delhi--a cross-sectional study. J Trop Pediatr 2013; 59:331-2. [PMID: 23650151 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmt025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency disorder is a public health problem in NCT of Delhi. The present study was conducted in NCT of Delhi to assess the current iodine nutrition status among school age children (6-11 years). Thirty clusters (schools) were selected by utilizing the population proportionate to size (PPS) cluster sampling methodology. A total of 1393 school age children were included. Urine samples were collected and tested for urinary iodine excretion (UIE). The Median UIE was found to be 200 µg/L. The salt samples collected from study subjects revealed that 87% of salt samples had stipulated level of iodine of 15 ppm and more. In order to eliminate IDD, there is a need to sustain the supply of iodized salt and monitor its iodine content regularly.
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Kapil U, Bhadoria AS, Sareen N. Serum concentration of selenium among normal healthy adult women in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154:167. [PMID: 23780469 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kapil U, Pandey RM, Kabra M, Jain V, Sareen N, Bhadoria AS, Vijay J, Nigam S, Khenduja P. Status of iodine deficiency in district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh after 60 years of salt iodization. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:827-8. [PMID: 23820337 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh(HP), India is a known endemic area for iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) since 1956. The present study was conducted in district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh with the objective to assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency in school-age children. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 1864 children in the age group of 6-12 years were included. Clinical examination of thyroid of all children was undertaken. 'On the spot' urine samples were collected from 463 children. The salt samples were collected from 327 children. RESULTS The total goiter prevalence of 15.8% was found. The proportion of children with urinary iodine excretion (UIE) levels <50.0, 50.0-99.9 and ≥ 100 μg/l was 2.2, 14.3 and 83.5%, respectively. The median UIE level was 200 μg/l. About 82.3% of the families were consuming salt with iodine content ≥ 15 ppm. CONCLUSION The population in district Kangra is possibly in a transition phase from iodine deficient (as revealed by total goiter rate of 15.8%) to iodine sufficiency (as revealed by median UIE levels of 200 μg/l).
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Sareen N, Moussa SG, McNeill VF. Photochemical Aging of Light-Absorbing Secondary Organic Aerosol Material. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2987-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309413j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kapil U, Bhadoria AS, Sareen N, Singh P, Dwivedi SN. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with breast cancer. J Breast Cancer 2013; 16:129-30. [PMID: 23593095 PMCID: PMC3625762 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2013.16.1.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kapil U, Sachdev HPS, Dwivedi SN, Pandey RM, Upadhyay AD, Sareen N. Relative efficacy of weekly and two differing doses of daily iron-folate supplementation in improving hemoglobin in mild and moderately anemic children between 3 and 5 years of age: a cluster randomized trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:343-7. [PMID: 23403883 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In India, 75% of children <5 years of age have anemia. The National Nutritional Anemia Control Program (NNACP) recommends 20 mg iron and 100 μg folic acid (IFA) supplementation for 100 days/year, but still anemia prevalence has remained high. To accelerate the progress, suggestions include increase in IFA to therapeutic dose or supervised weekly supplementation to improve compliance. The objectives of this study was to compare the hemoglobin response with two dosages of daily (20 mg iron and 100 μg folic acid, or 40 mg iron and 200 μg folic acid) and weekly (40 mg iron and 200 μg folic acid) IFA supplementation in children of 3-5 years of age with mild or moderate anemia (hemoglobin 7-10 g/dl). SUBJECTS/METHODS Community-based cluster randomized control trial in nine adjoining Anganwadi Centers. Four hundred twenty six enrolled participants received directly supervised IFA tablet supplementation as per the above three groups. After 100 days, the number of available subjects in the NNACP daily dose (A), daily dose doubled (B) and weekly dose (C) groups were 112, 114 and 110, respectively. Hemoglobin was estimated at baseline, 50 and 100 days by the Cynmeth hemoglobin method. RESULTS At 50 days, there were no differences between the three groups, but at 100 days, adjusted hemoglobin was lowered with weekly supplementation. The mean (95% confidence interval) hemoglobin (g/dl) differences were: (i) A-B: -0.05 (-0.17, 0.05), (ii) A-C: -0.38 (-0.50, -0.27) and (iii) B-C: -0.33, (-0.45, -0.21). Anemia reduction was 18.8%, 18.4% and 10.9%, respectively, in the three groups. CONCLUSION Directly supervised IFA supplementation at the NNACP or double dose is equally efficacious but superior to weekly regimen.
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Kapil U, Sareen N, Singh P, Bhadoria AS. Reproductive factors and breast cancer: A case-control study in tertiary care hospital of North India. Indian J Cancer 2013; 50:316-21. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.123606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kapil U, Bhadoria AS, Sareen N. Correlates of zinc deficiency among children in age group of six to sixty months belonging to the low-income group. J Family Community Med 2013; 20:139-40. [PMID: 23983568 PMCID: PMC3748650 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8229.114778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kapil U, Sareen N, Bhadoria A. Increase in hemoglobin among the mothers at different levels of hemoglobin. Indian J Community Med 2013; 38:249. [PMID: 24302830 PMCID: PMC3831699 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.120164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Nambiar VS, Sareen N, Daniel M, Gallego EB. Flavonoids and phenolic acids from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) based foods and their functional implications. FUNCTIONAL FOODS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.31989/ffhd.v2i7.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), considered a poor man’s cereal, may be a repository of dietary antioxidants, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, which provide bioactive mechanisms to reduce free radical induced oxidative stress and probably play a role in the prevention of ageing and various diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.Objective: The present study focused on the identification of individual flavonoids and phenolic acids from seven commercial varieties of pearl millet and five samples of pearl millet-based traditional recipes of Banaskantha, Gujarat, India.Methods: Total phenols were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and individual polyphenol separation included the isolation and identification of (a) flavonoids, (b) phenolic acids, and (c) glycoflavones involving interaction with diagnostic reagents and paper chromatographic separation of compounds and their UV-visible spectroscopic studies including hypsochromic and bathchromic shifts with reagents such as AlCl3, AlCl3/HCl, NaOMe, NaOAc, and NaOAc/H3PO3. Five traditional recipes consumed in the pearl millet producing belt of Banaskantha, Gujarat, India, were standardized in the laboratory and analyzed for phenol and individual flavonoids. Results: Total phenols in raw samples ranged from 268.5 - 420mg/100g of DW and 247.5 - 335mg/100g of DW in cooked recipes. The commonly identified flavonoids were tricin, acacetin, 3, 4 Di-OMe luteolin, and 4-OMe tricin. Five phenolic acids were identified: namely vanilic acid, syringic acid, melilotic acid, para-hydroxyl benzoic acid, and salicylic acid.Conclusion: The presence of flavonoids, such as tricin, acacetin, 3, 4 Di-OMe luteolin, and 4-OMe tricin, indicate the chemopreventive efficacy of pearl millet. They may be inversely related to mortality from coronary heart disease and to the incidence of heart attacks in the pearl millet consuming belts of the world.Keywords: Polyphenols, Antioxidant, Flavonoids, Total Phenols, Pearl Millet (raw and cooked) (Pennisetum glaucum), Banaskantha, Gujarat
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Kapil U, Sareen N. Combating iodine deficiency disorders to achieve millennium development goal 4 in India: reduction in infant mortality rate. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2012; 26:145-8. [PMID: 22683049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In severe iodine deficient areas, iodine deficiency has been documented to be an important etiological factor leading to poor fetal growth and development. Iodine is essential for physical growth and development of the central nervous system of the fetus. Iodine deficiency in pregnant mothers leads to increased incidence of infertility and abortions, perinatal mortality and infant child mortality. The clinical iodine supplementation trials have documented adverse health consequences due to iodine deficiency. Evidence from observational studies concludes that prevention of iodine deficiency can lead to reduction in infant mortality rate and facilitate to achieve millennium development goal-4.
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