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Rosas J, Lopez O, Missimer TM, Coulibaly KM, Dehwah AHA, Sesler K, Lujan LR, Mantilla D. "Determination of hydraulic conductivity from grain-size distribution for different depositional environments,": authors’ reply. GROUND WATER 2014; 52:824-825. [PMID: 25271074 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Braskie MN, Boyle CP, Rajagopalan P, Gutman BA, Toga AW, Raji CA, Tracy RP, Kuller LH, Becker JT, Lopez OL, Thompson PM. Physical activity, inflammation, and volume of the aging brain. Neuroscience 2014; 273:199-209. [PMID: 24836855 PMCID: PMC4076831 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity influences inflammation, and both affect brain structure and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We hypothesized that older adults with greater reported physical activity intensity and lower serum levels of the inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) would have larger regional brain volumes on subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In 43 cognitively intact older adults (79.3±4.8 years) and 39 patients with AD (81.9±5.1 years at the time of MRI) participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study, we examined year-1 reported physical activity intensity, year-5 blood serum TNFα measures, and year-9 volumetric brain MRI scans. We examined how prior physical activity intensity and TNFα related to subsequent total and regional brain volumes. Physical activity intensity was measured using the modified Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activities questionnaire at year 1 of the study, when all subjects included here were cognitively intact. Stability of measures was established for exercise intensity over 9 years and TNFα over 3 years in a subset of subjects who had these measurements at multiple time points. When considered together, more intense physical activity intensity and lower serum TNFα were both associated with greater total brain volume on follow-up MRI scans. TNFα, but not physical activity, was associated with regional volumes of the inferior parietal lobule, a region previously associated with inflammation in AD patients. Physical activity and TNFα may independently influence brain structure in older adults.
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Martorell M, Martínez-Pasarell O, Lopez O, Polo A, Sandalinas M, Garcia-Guixé E, Bassas L. Chromosome 16 Abnormalities in Embryos and in Sperm from a Male with a Fragile Site at 16q22.1. Cytogenet Genome Res 2014; 142:134-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000357411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Lopez O, Lehaut G, Durand D, Aouadi M. Nuclear stopping for heavy-ion induced reactions in the Fermi energy range : from 1-Body to 2-Body dissipation. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146603056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Casini G, Barlini S, Pasquali G, Pastore G, Bini M, Carboni S, Olmi A, Piantelli S, Poggi G, Stefanini A, Valdré S, Bonnet E, Borderie B, Bougault R, Bruno M, Chbihi A, Cinausero M, Degerlier M, Edelbruck P, Frankland J, Gramegna F, Gruyer D, Guerzoni M, Kordjasz A, Kozik T, Le Neindre N, Lopez O, Marchi T, Marini P, Morelli L, Ordine A, Pârlog M, Rivet M, Rosato E, Salomon F, Spadaccini G, Twaróg T, Vient E, Vigilante M. The european FAZIA initiative: a high-performance digital telescope array for heavy-ion studies. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146611006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Piantelli S, Casini G, Olmi A, Barlini S, Bini M, Carboni S, Maurenzig P, Pasquali G, Poggi G, Stefanini A, Bougault R, Le Neindre N, Lopez O, Parlog M, Vient E, Bonnet E, Chbihi A, Frankland J, Gruyer D, Rosato E, Spadaccini G, Vigilante M, Borderie B, Rivet M, Bruno M, Morelli L, Cinausero M, Degerlier M, Gramegna F, Marchi T, Alba R, Maiolino C, Santonocito D, Kozik T, Twarog T. Isospin transport in 84Kr+ 112,124Sn reactions at Fermi energies. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146603070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lambert JC, Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Harold D, Naj AC, Sims R, Bellenguez C, DeStafano AL, Bis JC, Beecham GW, Grenier-Boley B, Russo G, Thorton-Wells TA, Jones N, Smith AV, Chouraki V, Thomas C, Ikram MA, Zelenika D, Vardarajan BN, Kamatani Y, Lin CF, Gerrish A, Schmidt H, Kunkle B, Dunstan ML, Ruiz A, Bihoreau MT, Choi SH, Reitz C, Pasquier F, Cruchaga C, Craig D, Amin N, Berr C, Lopez OL, De Jager PL, Deramecourt V, Johnston JA, Evans D, Lovestone S, Letenneur L, Morón FJ, Rubinsztein DC, Eiriksdottir G, Sleegers K, Goate AM, Fiévet N, Huentelman MW, Gill M, Brown K, Kamboh MI, Keller L, Barberger-Gateau P, McGuiness B, Larson EB, Green R, Myers AJ, Dufouil C, Todd S, Wallon D, Love S, Rogaeva E, Gallacher J, St George-Hyslop P, Clarimon J, Lleo A, Bayer A, Tsuang DW, Yu L, Tsolaki M, Bossù P, Spalletta G, Proitsi P, Collinge J, Sorbi S, Sanchez-Garcia F, Fox NC, Hardy J, Deniz Naranjo MC, Bosco P, Clarke R, Brayne C, Galimberti D, Mancuso M, Matthews F, Moebus S, Mecocci P, Del Zompo M, Maier W, Hampel H, Pilotto A, Bullido M, Panza F, Caffarra P, Nacmias B, Gilbert JR, Mayhaus M, Lannefelt L, Hakonarson H, Pichler S, Carrasquillo MM, Ingelsson M, Beekly D, Alvarez V, Zou F, Valladares O, Younkin SG, Coto E, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Gu W, Razquin C, Pastor P, Mateo I, Owen MJ, Faber KM, Jonsson PV, Combarros O, O'Donovan MC, Cantwell LB, Soininen H, Blacker D, Mead S, Mosley TH, Bennett DA, Harris TB, Fratiglioni L, Holmes C, de Bruijn RF, Passmore P, Montine TJ, Bettens K, Rotter JI, Brice A, Morgan K, Foroud TM, Kukull WA, Hannequin D, Powell JF, Nalls MA, Ritchie K, Lunetta KL, Kauwe JS, Boerwinkle E, Riemenschneider M, Boada M, Hiltuenen M, Martin ER, Schmidt R, Rujescu D, Wang LS, Dartigues JF, Mayeux R, Tzourio C, Hofman A, Nöthen MM, Graff C, Psaty BM, Jones L, Haines JL, Holmans PA, Lathrop M, Pericak-Vance MA, Launer LJ, Farrer LA, van Duijn CM, Van Broeckhoven C, Moskvina V, Seshadri S, Williams J, Schellenberg GD, Amouyel P. Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1452-8. [PMID: 24162737 PMCID: PMC3896259 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2986] [Impact Index Per Article: 271.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eleven susceptibility loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) were identified by previous studies; however, a large portion of the genetic risk for this disease remains unexplained. We conducted a large, two-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry. In stage 1, we used genotyped and imputed data (7,055,881 SNPs) to perform meta-analysis on 4 previously published GWAS data sets consisting of 17,008 Alzheimer's disease cases and 37,154 controls. In stage 2, 11,632 SNPs were genotyped and tested for association in an independent set of 8,572 Alzheimer's disease cases and 11,312 controls. In addition to the APOE locus (encoding apolipoprotein E), 19 loci reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) in the combined stage 1 and stage 2 analysis, of which 11 are newly associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Spina S, Van Laar AD, Murrell JR, Hamilton RL, Kofler JK, Epperson F, Farlow MR, Lopez OL, Quinlan J, DeKosky ST, Ghetti B. Phenotypic variability in three families with valosin-containing protein mutation. Eur J Neurol 2012; 20:251-8. [PMID: 22900631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The phenotype of IBMPFD [inclusion body myopathy with Paget's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)] associated with valosin-containing protein (VCP) mutation is described in three families. METHODS Probands were identified based on a pathological diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43-positive inclusions type IV. VCP sequencing was carried out. Clinical data on affected family members were reviewed. RESULTS Ohio family: four subjects presented muscle weakness and wasting. (One subject had both neuropathic and myopathic findings and another subject showed only evidence of myopathy. The etiology of weakness could not be ascertained in the remaining two subjects.) Two individuals also showed Parkinsonism (with associated FTD in one of the two). The proband's brain displayed FTLD-TDP type IV and Braak stage five Parkinson's disease (PD). A VCP R191Q mutation was found. Pennsylvania family: 11 subjects developed IBMPFD. Parkinsonism was noted in two mutation carriers, whilst another subject presented with primary progressive aphasia (PPA). A novel VCP T262A mutation was found. Indiana family: three subjects developed IBMPFD. FTD was diagnosed in two individuals and suspected in the third one who also displayed muscle weakness. A VCP R159C mutation was found. CONCLUSIONS We identified three families with IBMPFD associated with VCP mutations. Clinical and pathological PD was documented for the first time in members of two families. A novel T262A mutation was found. One individual had PPA: an uncommon presentation of IBMPFD.
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Lopez O, Becker J, Chang YF, Sweet R, DeKosky S, Gach HM, Carmichael O, McDade E, Kuller L. Incidence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the CHS Cognition Study (S24.001). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s24.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Becker J, Teverovisky L, Gach H, Carmichael O, Thompson P, Kuller L, Lopez O. Differential Rates of Brain Volume Loss as a Function of Time To Develop AD among Cognitively Normal Individuals (S14.005). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s14.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Becker J, Teverovisky L, Aizenstein H, Butters M, Price J, Klunk W, Lopez O. White Matter Volume Predicts 1-Year Change in Mental Status in Probable Alzheimer's Disease but Not Mild Cognitive Impairment (P03.097). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Riverol M, Becker J, Lopez O, Raji C, Thompson P, Carmichael O, Gach H, Longstreth WT, Fried L, Tracy R, Kuller L. Cystatin C Predicts Changes in Brain Structure and Cognition in the Elderly (P02.063). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Riverol M, Becker J, Lopez O, Raji C, Thompson P, Carmichael O, Gach H, Longstreth WT, Fried L, Tracy R, Kuller L. Systemic Inflammatory Markers, Cognition and Brain Structure among Cognitively Normal Elderly (P02.061). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sénoville M, Achouri N, Delaunay F, Gibelin J, Laurent B, Ledoux X, Marqués F, Orr N, Fontbonne C, Carniol B, Chaventré T, Cussol D, Etasse D, Fontbonne J, Harang J, Hommet J, Plard H, Poincheval J, Lopez O, Le Neindre N, Borderie B, Rivet M, Tassan-Got L, Pawłowski P, Tăbăcaru G, Brauning-Demian A, Perronnel J, Balanzat E, Hamrita H, Randisi G, Dumitriu D, Flueraşu D, Thimont Y, Pârlog M. Neutron and charged particle identification by means of various detectors. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20123100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Santamaría C, Lopez O, Muntión S, Rosón B, Blanco B, Carranclo S, Sanchez-Guijo F, Díez-Campelo M, Alvarez-Fernández S, Sarasquete M, González M, Miguel JS, del Cañizo M. 258 Down-regulation of DICER1, DROSHA and microRNAs in MSC from MDS compared to healthy controls. Leuk Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(11)70260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Erickson KI, Raji CA, Lopez OL, Becker JT, Rosano C, Newman AB, Gach HM, Thompson PM, Ho AJ, Kuller LH. Physical activity predicts gray matter volume in late adulthood: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Neurology 2010; 75:1415-22. [PMID: 20944075 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181f88359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity (PA) has been hypothesized to spare gray matter volume in late adulthood, but longitudinal data testing an association has been lacking. Here we tested whether PA would be associated with greater gray matter volume after a 9-year follow-up, a threshold could be identified for the amount of walking necessary to spare gray matter volume, and greater gray matter volume associated with PA would be associated with a reduced risk for cognitive impairment 13 years after the PA evaluation. METHODS In 299 adults (mean age 78 years) from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study, we examined the association between gray matter volume, PA, and cognitive impairment. Physical activity was quantified as the number of blocks walked over 1 week. High-resolution brain scans were acquired 9 years after the PA assessment on cognitively normal adults. White matter hyperintensities, ventricular grade, and other health variables at baseline were used as covariates. Clinical adjudication for cognitive impairment occurred 13 years after baseline. RESULTS Walking amounts ranged from 0 to 300 blocks (mean 56.3; SD 69.7). Greater PA predicted greater volumes of frontal, occipital, entorhinal, and hippocampal regions 9 years later. Walking 72 blocks was necessary to detect increased gray matter volume but walking more than 72 blocks did not spare additional volume. Greater gray matter volume with PA reduced the risk for cognitive impairment 2-fold. CONCLUSION Greater amounts of walking are associated with greater gray matter volume, which is in turn associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment.
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Lehaut G, Durand D, Lopez O, Vient E, Chbihi A, Frankland JD, Bonnet E, Borderie B, Bougault R, Galichet E, Guinet D, Lautesse P, Le Neindre N, Napolitani P, Parlog M, Rivet MF, Rosato E. Study of nuclear stopping in central collisions at intermediate energies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:232701. [PMID: 20867230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.232701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear stopping has been investigated in central nuclear collisions at intermediate energies by analyzing kinematically complete events recorded with the help of the 4π multidetector INDRA for a large variety of symmetric systems. It is found that the mean isotropy ratio defined as the ratio of transverse to parallel momenta (energies) reaches a minimum near the Fermi energy, saturates or slowly increases depending on the mass of the system as the beam energy increases, and then stays lower than unity, showing that significant stopping is not achieved even for the heavier systems. Close to and above the Fermi energy, experimental data show no effect of the isospin content of the interacting system. A comparison with transport model calculations reveals that the latter overestimates the stopping power at low energies.
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Martinez-Pasarell O, Lopez O, Garcia-Guixé E, Sandalinas M, Polo A, Mata A, Garcia A, Viscasillas P, Bassas L. P18 PGD for a woman carrier of a balanced reciprocal translocation (11;22) and a man with high expression of 16q22 fragile site. Reprod Biomed Online 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lehaut G, Gulminelli F, Lopez O. Phase diagram of the charged lattice-gas model with two types of particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 81:051104. [PMID: 20866182 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A lattice-gas model with two types of particles, a particle-dependent short-range coupling and a long-range repulsive Coulombic interaction, is introduced. The phase diagram of an isolated finite system of 129 particles is constructed using the bimodality properties of the observables' distribution. We show that this generic Hamiltonian, with couplings optimized on the properties of the atomic nucleus, exhibits a specific phase diagram including, together with the well-known liquid-gas phase transition, a segregation phase that can be assimilated to nuclear fission.
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Raji CA, Lee C, Lopez OL, Tsay J, Boardman JF, Schwartz ED, Bartynski WS, Hefzy HM, Gach HM, Dai W, Becker JT. Initial experience in using continuous arterial spin-labeled MR imaging for early detection of Alzheimer disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:847-55. [PMID: 20075093 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging of the brain has significant potential in the early detection of neurodegenerative disorders such as AD. The purpose of this work was to determine if perfusion MR imaging can be used to separate AD from normal cognition in individual subjects. We investigated the diagnostic utility of perfusion MR imaging for early detection of AD compared with structural imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were analyzed from 32 participants in the institutional review board-approved CHS-CS: 19 cognitively healthy individuals and 13 with clinically adjudicated AD. All subjects underwent structural T1-weighted SGPR and CASL MR imaging. Four readers with varying experience separately rated each CASL and SPGR scan finding as normal or abnormal on the basis of standardized qualitative diagnostic criteria for observed perfusion abnormalities on CASL or volume loss on SPGR and rated the confidence in their evaluation. RESULTS Inter-rater reliability was superior in CASL (kappa = 0.7 in experienced readers) compared with SPGR (kappa = 0.17). CASL MR imaging had the highest sensitivity (85%) and accuracy (70%). Frontal lobe CASL findings increased sensitivity to 88% and accuracy to 79%. Fifty-seven percent of false-positive readings with CASL were in controls with cognitive decline or instability within 5 years. Three of the 4 readers revealed a statistically significant relationship between confidence and correct classification when using CASL. CONCLUSIONS Readers were able to separate individuals with mild AD from those with normal cognition with high sensitivity by using CASL but not volumetric MR imaging. This initial experience suggests that CASL MR imaging may be a useful technique for detecting AD.
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Raji CA, Lopez OL, Kuller LH, Carmichael OT, Becker JT. Age, Alzheimer disease, and brain structure. Neurology 2009; 73:1899-905. [PMID: 19846828 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181c3f293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of clear understanding remains on the overlapping atrophy patterns of aging and early Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology in gray matter (GM) of the brain in vivo. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the independent and overlapping patterns of GM atrophy in normal aging and AD. METHODS A total of 169 cognitively normal subjects and 33 persons with probable AD enrolled in the longitudinal Cardiovascular Health Study-Cognition Study underwent 3-dimensional volumetric MRI scans. Controls remained cognitively normal for at least 5 years after their MRI scans and the probable AD subjects were relatively early in their clinical course with an average modified Mini-Mental State Examination score of 76/100. The scans were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry adjusting for total intracranial volume, gender, education, and race. RESULTS With older age, GM volume was lower in the sensorimotor and heteromodal association areas in frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes, as well as in the cerebellum (false discovery rate p = 0.05). Additional atrophy was observed in the posterior hippocampus, thalamus, and middle cingulate gyrus. By contrast, atrophy was seen in subjects with AD in the anterior hippocampal/parahippocampal regions and the precuneus. Normal aging and AD overlapped in the hippocampal body and the entorhinal cortex. CONCLUSION Brain atrophy with aging was observed in supratentorial and infratentorial areas, as well in primary motor, sensory, and heteromodal association regions. Age and Alzheimer disease exert independent gray matter atrophy patterns but these effects overlapped substantially in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex.
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Ho AJ, Raji CA, Parikshak NN, Becker JT, Lopez OL, Kuller LH, Hua X, Leow AD, Toga AW, Thompson PM. Brain Structure and Obesity. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Saxton J, Snitz BE, Lopez OL, Ives DG, Dunn LO, Fitzpatrick A, Carlson MC, Dekosky ST. Functional and cognitive criteria produce different rates of mild cognitive impairment and conversion to dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:737-43. [PMID: 19279031 PMCID: PMC2698042 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.160705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and rates of progression to dementia using different MCI diagnostic systems. METHODS MCI was investigated at baseline in 3063 community dwelling non-demented elderly in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) study who were evaluated every 6 months to identify the presence of dementia. Overall MCI frequency was determined using (1) a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5 and (2) neuropsychological (NP) criteria, defined by impairment on standard cognitive tests. RESULTS 40.2% of participants met CDR MCI criteria and 28.2% met NP MCI criteria (amnestic MCI = 16.6%). 15.7% were classified as MCI by both criteria and 47.4% as normal by both. Discordant diagnoses were observed in 24.5% who met NP normal/CDR MCI and in 12.4% who met NP MCI/CDR normal. Factors associated with CDR MCI among NP normal included lower education, lower NP scores, more instrumental activities of daily living impairment, greater symptoms of depression and subjective health problems. Individuals meeting NP MCI/CDR normal were significantly more likely to develop dementia over the median follow-up of 6.1 years than those meeting NP normal/CDR MCI. CONCLUSIONS Different criteria produce different MCI rates and different conversion rates to dementia. Although a higher percentage of MCI was identified by CDR than NP, a higher percentage of NP MCI progressed to dementia. These findings suggest that the CDR is sensitive to subtle changes in cognition not identified by the NP algorithm but is also sensitive to demographic and clinical factors probably leading to a greater number of false positives. These results suggest that identifying all individuals with CDR scores of 0.5 as Alzheimer's disease is not advisable.
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Lopez OL, Becker JT, Wahed AS, Saxton J, Sweet RA, Wolk DA, Klunk W, Dekosky ST. Long-term effects of the concomitant use of memantine with cholinesterase inhibition in Alzheimer disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:600-7. [PMID: 19204022 PMCID: PMC2823571 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.158964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients using cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) have a delay in nursing home (NH) admission compared with those who were not using the medication. There are no long-term studies of the effects of memantine in combination with ChEIs use in Alzheimer disease (AD). This study was conducted to examine the effects of ChEIs and memantine on time to death and time to NH admission. METHODS Time to NH admission and death was examined in 943 probable AD patients who had at least a 1-year follow-up evaluation. Of these patients, 140 (14.9%) used both ChEIs and memantine, 387 (41%) [corrected] used only ChEIs, and 416 (44.1%) [corrected] used neither. The mean (SD) follow-up time was 62.3 (35.8) months. The analysis was conducted with multivariable Cox proportional hazard models controlling for critical covariates (ie, age, education level, gender, severity of the dementia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, psychiatric symptoms and use of psychotropic medications). RESULTS Compared with those who never used cognitive enhancers, patients who used ChEIs had a significant delay in NH admission (HR: 0.37, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.49); this effect was significantly augmented with the addition of memantine (HR: 0.29, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.72) (memantine+ChEI vs ChEI alone). ChEIs alone, or in combination with memantine had no significant association on time to death. CONCLUSIONS This observational study revealed that the addition of the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine to the treatment of AD with ChEI significantly altered the treated history of AD by extending time to nursing home admission.
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Barnes DE, Covinsky KE, Whitmer RA, Kuller LH, Lopez OL, Yaffe K. Predicting risk of dementia in older adults: The late-life dementia risk index. Neurology 2009; 73:173-9. [PMID: 19439724 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a81636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a late-life dementia risk index that can accurately stratify older adults into those with a low, moderate, or high risk of developing dementia within 6 years. METHODS Subjects were 3,375 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study without evidence of dementia at baseline. We used logistic regression to identify those factors most predictive of developing incident dementia within 6 years and developed a point system based on the logistic regression coefficients. RESULTS Subjects had a mean age of 76 years at baseline; 59% were women and 15% were African American. Fourteen percent (n = 480) developed dementia within 6 years. The final late-life dementia risk index included older age (1-2 points), poor cognitive test performance (2-4 points), body mass index <18.5 (2 points), > or =1 apolipoprotein E epsilon4 alleles (1 point), cerebral MRI findings of white matter disease (1 point) or ventricular enlargement (1 point), internal carotid artery thickening on ultrasound (1 point), history of bypass surgery (1 point), slow physical performance (1 point), and lack of alcohol consumption (1 point) (c statistic, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.83). Four percent of subjects with low scores developed dementia over 6 years compared with 23% of subjects with moderate scores and 56% of subjects with high scores. CONCLUSIONS The late-life dementia risk index accurately stratified older adults into those with low, moderate, and high risk of developing dementia. This tool could be used in clinical or research settings to target prevention and intervention strategies toward high-risk individuals.
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