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Chen C, Braams B, Lee DY, Bowman JM, Houston PL, Stranges D. The Dynamics of Allyl Radical Dissociation. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:6797-804. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109344g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tokel O, Chen J, Ulrich CK, Houston PL. O((1)D) + N(2)O reaction: NO vibrational and rotational distributions. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:11292-7. [PMID: 20735039 DOI: 10.1021/jp1042377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The O((1)D) + N(2)O → 2NO(X (2)Π) reaction has been studied in a molecular beam experiment in which O(3) and N(2)O were coexpanded. The precursor O((1)D) was prepared by O(3) photodissociation at 266 nm, and the NO(X (2)Π) molecules born from the reaction as the O((1)D) recoiled out of the beam were detected by 1+1 REMPI over the 220-246 nm probe laser wavelength range. The resulting spectrum was simulated to extract rotational and vibrational distributions of the NO(X (2)Π) molecules. The product rotational distribution is found to be characterized by a constant rotational temperature of ≈4500 K for all observed bands, v = 0-9. An inverted vibrational distribution is observed. A consistent explanation of this and previous experimental results is possible if there are two channels for the reaction, one producing a nearly statistical vibrational distribution for low O((1)D)-N(2)O relative velocity collisions and a second producing the inverted distribution observed here for high relative velocity collisions. The former might correspond to an insertion/complex-formation reaction, while the latter might correspond to a stripping reaction. Velocity relaxation of the O((1)D) is argued to compete strongly with reaction in most bulb studies, so that these studies see predominantly the nearly statistical distribution. In contrast, the beam experiments do not detect the part of the vibrational distribution produced in low relative velocity reactions because the O((1)D) is not relaxed from its initial velocity before it either reacts or leaves the beam.
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O'Keeffe P, Stranges D, Houston PL. Neutral photodissociation of superexcited states of molecular iodine. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:144309. [PMID: 17935397 DOI: 10.1063/1.2777160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of high-n Rydberg atoms from the neutral dissociation of superexcited states of I(2) formed by resonant two-photon excitation of molecular iodine using an ArF laser has been investigated. The high-n Rydberg atoms I* are formed by predissociation of the optically excited molecular Rydberg states I*(2)[R(B (2)Sigma(g) (+))] converging on the I(2) (+)(B (2)Sigma(g) (+)) state of the ion. Measurement of the kinetic energy release of the Rydberg I* fragments allowed the identification of the asymptotic channels as I*[R((3)P(J))]+I((2)P(32)), where the I*[R((3)P(J))] are Rydberg atoms converging on the I(+)((3)P(J)) states of the ion with J=2, 1, and 0. In the case of the I*[R((3)P(2))] fragments, the average Rydberg lifetime is observed to be 325+/-25 micros. Based on experiments on the variation of the Rydberg atom signal with the field ionizing strength, the distribution of Rydberg levels peaks at about 25-50 cm(-1) below the ionization limit.
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Hu Z, Jin J, Abruña HD, Houston PL, Hay AG, Ghiorse WC, Shuler ML, Hidalgo G, Lion LW. Spatial distributions of copper in microbial biofilms by scanning electrochemical microscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:936-41. [PMID: 17328206 DOI: 10.1021/es061293k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of Cu was determined in Escherichia coli PHL628 biofilms using a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) consisting of a microelectrode in conjunction with a piezoelectric micropositioning system. Aqueous labile copper species were determined using voltametric stripping after reductive deposition of Cu for 4 min on the microelectrode at -0.7 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The position of the bulk solution-biofilm interface was determined from the change in current produced by 0.4 mM hydroxymethyl ferrocene that was added as a redox indicator. After a 2 h exposure to 0.2 mM copper, Cu was located in the upper region of the biofilm with a penetration depth less than 150 microm. A one-dimensional diffusive transport model adequately described the spatial distribution of copper in the biofilm, but the Cu retardation factor in the biofilm was more than 6-fold larger than that calculated from the isotherm for Cu binding to suspensions of E. coli PHL628 cells. There are several possible reasons for this difference, including an increase in the amount of extracellular polymer per cell within the biofilm and/or tortuosity that might hinder Cu transport into biofilms. The SECM technique in combination with model calculations provides direct evidence in support of the concept that formation of a biofilm may confer resistance to transient spikes in the bulk solution concentration of toxic metal species by retarding metal diffusion and reducing the metal exposure of cells within the biofilm.
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Kim H, Dooley KS, North SW, Hall GE, Houston PL. Anisotropy of photofragment recoil as a function of dissociation lifetime, excitation frequency, rotational level, and rotational constant. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:133316. [PMID: 17029469 DOI: 10.1063/1.2216708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum mechanical calculations of photofragment angular distributions have been performed as a function of the frequency of excitation, the lifetime of the dissociative state, the rotational level, and the rotational constant. In the limit of high J values and white, incoherent excitation, the general results are found to agree exactly with both those of Mukamel and Jortner [J. Chem. Phys. 61, 5348 (1974)] and those of Jonah [J. Chem. Phys. 55, 1915 (1971)]. Example calculations describe how the anisotropy is dependent on the degree of broadening, the rotational constant, the initial rotational level, and the frequency of excitation. Applications are also made to interpret experimental results on the photodissociation of ClO via the 11-0, 10-0, and 6-0 bands of the A 2Pi3/2 -X 2Pi3/2 transition and on the photodissociation of O2 via the 0-0 band of the E 3Sigmau- -X 3Sigmag- transition.
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Hu Z, Hidalgo G, Houston PL, Hay AG, Shuler ML, Abruña HD, Ghiorse WC, Lion LW. Determination of spatial distributions of zinc and active biomass in microbial biofilms by two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:4014-21. [PMID: 16000816 PMCID: PMC1168982 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.7.4014-4021.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial distributions of zinc, a representative transition metal, and active biomass in bacterial biofilms were determined using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2P-LSM). Application of 2P-LSM permits analysis of thicker biofilms than are amenable to observation with confocal laser scanning microscopy and also provides selective excitation of a smaller focal volume with greater depth localization. Thin Escherichia coli PHL628 biofilms were grown in a minimal mineral salts medium using pyruvate as the carbon and energy source under batch conditions, and thick biofilms were grown in Luria-Bertani medium using a continuous-flow drip system. The biofilms were visualized by 2P-LSM and shown to have heterogeneous structures with dispersed dense cell clusters, rough surfaces, and void spaces. Contrary to homogeneous biofilm model predictions that active biomass would be located predominantly in the outer regions of the biofilm and inactive or dead biomass (biomass debris) in the inner regions, significant active biomass fractions were observed at all depths in biofilms (up to 350 microm) using live/dead fluorescent stains. The active fractions were dependent on biofilm thickness and are attributed to the heterogeneous characteristics of biofilm structures. A zinc-binding fluorochrome (8-hydroxy-5-dimethylsulfoamidoquinoline) was synthesized and used to visualize the spatial location of added Zn within biofilms. Zn was distributed evenly in a thin (12 microm) biofilm but was located only at the surface of thick biofilms, penetrating less than 20 microm after 1 h of exposure. The relatively slow movement of Zn into deeper biofilm layers provides direct evidence in support of the concept that thick biofilms may confer resistance to toxic metal species by binding metals at the biofilm-bulk liquid interface, thereby retarding metal diffusion into the biofilm (G. M. Teitzel and M. R. Park, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:2313-2320, 2003).
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Lambert HM, Davis EW, Tokel O, Dixit AA, Houston PL. Photodissociation channels for N2O near 130 nm studied by product imaging. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:174304. [PMID: 15910029 DOI: 10.1063/1.1888579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photodissociation of N(2)O at wavelengths near 130 nm has been investigated by velocity-mapped product imaging. In all, five dissociation channels have been detected, leading to the following products: O((1)S)+N(2)(X (1)Sigma), N((2)D)+NO(X (2)Pi), N((2)P)+NO(X (2)Pi), O((3)P) + N(2)(A (3)Sigma(+) (u)), and O((3)P) + N(2)(B (3)Pi(g)). The most significant channel is to the products O((1)S) + N(2)(X(1)Sigma), with strong vibrational excitation in the N(2). The O((3)P) + N(2)(A,B):N((2)D,(2)P) + NO branching ratio is measured to be 1.4 +/- 0.5, while the N(2)(A) + O((3)P(J)):N(2)(B) + O((3)P(J)) branching ratio is determined to be 0.84+/-0.09. The spin-orbit distributions for the O((3)P(J)), N((2)P(J)), and N((2)D(J)) products were also determined. The angular distributions of the products are in qualitative agreement with excitation to the N(2)O(D (1)Sigma(+)) state, with participation as well by the (3)Pi(v) state.
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Dixit AA, Lei Y, Lee KW, Quiñones E, Houston PL. Dissociation of Sulfur Dioxide by Ultraviolet Multiphoton Absorption between 224 and 232 nm. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:1770-5. [PMID: 16833505 DOI: 10.1021/jp0453010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton excitation and dissociation of SO(2) have been investigated in the wavelength range from 224 to 232 nm. Strong evidence is found for two-photon excitation to the H Rydberg state, followed by dissociation to SO + O and ionization of the SO product by absorption of a third photon. The two-photon excitation is resonantly enhanced via the C (1)B(2) intermediate state, and the two-photon yield spectrum thus bears a strong resemblance to the spectrum of this intermediate. Imaging of the O((3)P(2)), S((1)D(2)), and SO products suggests that, following dissociation of SO(2) from the H state, SO is produced in the A and B electronic states. S((1)D(2)) is produced both from two-photon dissociation of SO(2) to give S((1)D(2)) + O(2) and by single-photon dissociation of SO(+). In the former process, the O(2) is likely formed in all of its lowest three electronic states.
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Lambert HM, Dixit AA, Davis EW, Houston PL. Quantum yields for product formation in the 120–133 nm photodissociation of O2. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:10437-46. [PMID: 15549924 DOI: 10.1063/1.1809114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photodissociation of O(2) in the region from 120-133 nm has been investigated using product imaging. The spectrum in this region is dominated by transitions from the ground state to the first three vibrational levels of the E (3)Sigma(u) (-) state. The O((1)D)+O((3)P) channel is the only product channel observed by product imaging for dissociation at either 124.4 nm or 120.4 nm. The O((1)D(2)) product is aligned in the molecular frame in such a way that its J vector is perpendicular to the relative velocity vector between the O((1)D) and the O((3)P). The variation in the anisotropy of dissociation is approximately predicted by considering transitions on individual lines and then taking into account the coherent excitation of overlapping resonances. At 132.7 nm, both the O((1)D)+O((3)P) and the O((3)P)+O((3)P) channels are observed with branching ratios of 0.40+/-0.08 and 0.60+/-0.09, respectively. At 130.2 nm, the quantum yield for production of O((1)D) is 0.76+/-0.28.
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Slinker J, Bernards D, Houston PL, Abruña HD, Bernhard S, Malliaras GG. Solid-state electroluminescent devices based on transition metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:2392-9. [PMID: 14587700 DOI: 10.1039/b304265k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes have emerged as promising candidates for applications in solid-state electroluminescent devices. These materials serve as multifunctional chromophores, into which electrons and holes can be injected, migrate and recombine to produce light emission. Their device characteristics are dominated by the presence of mobile ions that redistribute under an applied field and assist charge injection. As a result, an efficiency of 10 lm/W--among the highest efficiencies reported in a single layer electroluminescent device--was recently demonstrated. In this article we review the history of electroluminescence in transition metal complexes and discuss the issues that need to be addressed for these materials to succeed in display and lighting applications.
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Barron JA, Bernhard S, Houston PL, Abruña HD, Ruglovsky JL, Malliaras GG. Electroluminescence in Ruthenium(II) Dendrimers. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027139b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Barron JA, Glazier S, Bernhard S, Takada K, Houston PL, Abruña HD. Photophysics and redox behavior of chiral transition metal polymers. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:1448-55. [PMID: 12611509 DOI: 10.1021/ic020691v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The absorption and emission spectra, excited-state lifetimes, quantum yields, and electrochemical measurements have been obtained for a new series of chiral complexes based on three different chiral 2,2':6',2' '-terpyridine ligands, (-)-ctpy, (-)-[ctpy-x-ctpy], and (-)-[ctpy-b-ctpy], with one, two, or multiple Ru metal centers. The room-temperature absorption and emission maxima of [[((-)-ctpy)Ru]-(-)-[ctpy-b-ctpy]-[Ru((-)-ctpy)]](PF(6))(4) and ((-)-[ctpy-b-ctpy])-[[Ru((-)-[ctpy-b-ctpy])](PF(6))(2)](n) were shifted to lower energies and also exhibited significantly longer luminescence lifetimes when compared to [Ru((-)-ctpy)(2)](PF(6))(2), [[((-)-ctpy)Ru]-(-)-[ctpy-x-ctpy]-[Ru((-)-ctpy)]](PF(6))(4), and ((-)-[ctpy-x-ctpy])-[[Ru((-)-[ctpy-x-ctpy])](PF(6))(2)](n). In terms of their electrochemical behavior, all of the complexes studied exhibited one Ru-centered and two ligand-centered redox waves and the [[((-)-ctpy)Ru]-(-)-[ctpy-x-ctpy]-[Ru((-)-ctpy)]](PF(6))(4), ((-)-[ctpy-x-ctpy])-[[Ru((-)-[ctpy-x-ctpy])](PF(6))(2)](n), and ((-)-[ctpy-b-ctpy])-[[Ru((-)-[ctpy-b-ctpy])](PF(6))(2)](n)() complexes were found to electrodeposit upon ligand-based reduction. The difference between the formal potentials of the Ru-centered and the first ligand-centered (least negative) waves corresponded linearly with the changes in the observed emission energies. The shifts in energy are discussed using a particle-in-a-box model, and the luminescence lifetimes are discussed in terms of the structure of the excited-state manifold.
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Glazier S, Barron JA, Morales N, Ruschak AM, Houston PL, Abruña HD. Quenching Dynamics of the Photoluminescence of [Ru(bpy)3]2+-Pendant PAMAM Dendrimers by Nitro Aromatics and Other Materials. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bernhard S, Barron JA, Houston PL, Abruña HD, Ruglovksy JL, Gao X, Malliaras GG. Electroluminescence in ruthenium(II) complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:13624-8. [PMID: 12418917 DOI: 10.1021/ja0270524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the electrochemical, spectroscopic, and electroluminescent properties of a family of diimine complexes of Ru featuring various aliphatic side chains as well as a more extended pi-conjugated system. The performance of solid-state electroluminescent devices fabricated from these complexes using indium tin oxide (ITO) and gold contacts appears to be dominated by ionic space charge effects. Their electroluminescence efficiency was limited by the photoluminescence efficiency of the Ru films and not by charge injection from the contacts. The incorporation of di-tert-butyl side chains on the dipyridyl ligand was found to be the most beneficial substitution in terms of reducing self-quenching of luminescence.
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Glazier S, Barron JA, Houston PL, Abruña HD. Photophysics of PAMAM-Based Dendrimers of Polypyridyl Complexes of Ruthenium. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013312c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Strauss CEM, Houston PL. Correlations without coincidence measurements: deciding between stepwise and concerted dissociation mechanisms for ABC .-+. A + B + C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100388a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kable SH, Loison JC, Neyer DW, Houston PL, Burak I, Dixon RN. Observation of a parallel recoil distribution from a perpendicular absorption transition in formyl radicals HCO and DCO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100174a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Trentelman KA, Moss DB, Kable SH, Houston PL. The 193-nm photodissociation of cyclobutanone: dynamics of the C2 and C3 channels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100370a055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dixit AA, Pisano PJ, Houston PL. Differential Cross Section for Rotationally Inelastic Scattering of Vibrationally Excited NO(v=5) from Ar. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012318z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dylewski SM, Geiser JD, Houston PL. The energy distribution, angular distribution, and alignment of the O(1D2) fragment from the photodissociation of ozone between 235 and 305 nm. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1405439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Naik VN, Matsumoto ED, Houston PL, Hamstra SJ, Yeung RY, Mallon JS, Martire TM. Fiberoptic orotracheal intubation on anesthetized patients: do manipulation skills learned on a simple model transfer into the operating room? Anesthesiology 2001; 95:343-8. [PMID: 11506104 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200108000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing pressure to use operating room time efficiently, opportunities for residents to learn fiberoptic orotracheal intubation in the operating room have declined. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fiberoptic orotracheal intubation skills learned outside the operating room on a simple model could be transferred into the clinical setting. METHODS First-year anesthesiology residents and first- and second-year internal medicine residents were recruited. Subjects were randomized to a didactic-teaching-only group (n = 12) or a model-training group (n = 12). The didactic-teaching group received a detailed lecture from an expert bronchoscopist. The model-training group was guided, by experts, through tasks performed on a simple model designed to refine fiberoptic manipulation skills. After the training session, subjects performed a fiberoptic orotracheal intubation on healthy, consenting, anesthetized, paralyzed female patients undergoing elective surgery with predicted "easy" laryngoscopic intubations. Two blinded anesthesiologists evaluated each subject. RESULTS After the training session, the model group significantly outperformed the didactic group in the operating room when evaluated with a global rating scale (P < 0.01)and checklist (P0.05). Model-trained subjects completed the fiberoptic orotracheal intubation significantly faster than didactic-trained subjects (P < 0.01). Model-trained subjects were also more successful at achieving tracheal intubation than the didactic group (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION Fiberoptic orotracheal intubation skills training on a simple model is more effective than conventional didactic instruction for transfer to the clinical setting. Incorporating an extraoperative model into the training of fiberoptic orotracheal intubation may greatly reduce the time and pressures that accompany teaching this skill in the operating room.
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Arnold PA, Cosofret BR, Dylewski SM, Houston PL, Carpenter BK. Evidence of a Double Surface Crossing between Open- and Closed-Shell Surfaces in the Photodissociation of Cyclopropyl Iodide. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0037504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cosofret BR, Dylewski SM, Houston PL. Changes in the Vibrational Population of SO(3Σ-) from the Photodissociation of SO2 between 202 and 207 nm. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001276w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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77
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Geiser JD, Dylewski SM, Mueller JA, Wilson RJ, Toumi R, Houston PL. The vibrational distribution of O2(X 3Σg−) produced in the photodissociation of ozone between 226 and 240 and at 266 nm. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Taniguchi N, Takahashi K, Matsumi Y, Dylewski SM, Geiser JD, Houston PL. Determination of the heat of formation of O3 using vacuum ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and two-dimensional product imaging techniques. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mueller JA, Rogers SA, Houston PL. Zero Kinetic Energy Photofragment Spectroscopy: The Threshold Dissociation of NO2. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982634m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wilson RJ, Mueller JA, Houston PL. Speed-Dependent Anisotropy Parameters in the UV Photodissociation of Ozone. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971158h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Crossley DJ, McGuire GP, Barrow PM, Houston PL. Influence of inspired oxygen concentration on deadspace, respiratory drive, and PaCO2 in intubated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit Care Med 1997; 25:1522-6. [PMID: 9295826 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199709000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the response of CO2-retaining chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients to an increase in FIO2 following a period of mechanical ventilation with PaO2 in the normal range. The administration of a high FIO2 to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients may result in hypercapnia. Recent evidence indicates that the hypercapnia may be due to reversal of preexisting regional hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction resulting in a greater deadspace. This effect would be more pronounced in patients whose initial PaO2 was < 60 torr (< 7.9 kPa). DESIGN Single blinded, prospective study. SETTING A medical surgical intensive care until in a tertiary care, teaching hospital. PATIENTS COPD CO2-retaining patients. INTERVENTIONS FIO2 increased to 0.7. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Twelve intubated COPD patients weaned from mechanical ventilation were studied both at their baseline FIO2 (0.3 to 0.4), and following a 20-min period of exposure to an FIO2 of 0.7. Mean baseline values were: PaO2 of 85 torr (11.3 kPa), PCO2 of 56 torr (7.5 kPa), deadspace of 73%, and respiratory drive normal, as measured by P0.1. Statistical analysis using the paired Student's t-test showed that the PaO2 increased significantly when the FIO2 was increased to 0.7, but there was no significant change in PaCO2, deadspace, or respiratory drive. CONCLUSION These results show that following a period of mechanical ventilation with an FIO2 sufficient to maintain a normal PaO2, a further increase in FIO2 does not result in an increased PaCO2 in this group of CO2-retaining COPD patients.
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Houston PL. New Laser-Based and Imaging Methods for Studying the Dynamics of Molecular Collisions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp960131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Toumi R, Houston PL, Wodtke AM. Reactive O2(v⩾26) as a source of stratospheric O3. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Belle-Oudry DA, Satyapal S, Mussillon T, Houston PL. Detection of PO, Cl and P from the photodissociation of POCl3 at 193 nm. Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00115-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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85
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Neyer DW, Luo X, Burak I, Houston PL. Photodissociation dynamics of state‐selected resonances of HCO X̃ 2A’ prepared by stimulated emission pumping. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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86
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Miller RL, Suits AG, Houston PL, Toumi R, Mack JA, Wodtke AM. The "Ozone Deficit" Problem: O2(X, v ge 26) + O(3P) from 226-nm Ozone Photodissociation. Science 1994; 265:1831-8. [PMID: 17797220 DOI: 10.1126/science.265.5180.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Highly vibrationally excited O(2)(X(3)sigmag(-), v >/= 26) has been observed from the photodissociation of ozone (O(3)), and the quantum yield for this reaction has been determined for excitation at 226 nanometers. This observation may help to address the "ozone deficit" problem, or why the previously predicted stratospheric O(3) concentration is less than that observed. Recent kinetic studies have suggested that O(2)(X(3)sigmag(-), v >/= 26) can react rapidly with O(2) to form O(3) + O and have led to speculation that, if produced in the photodissociation of O(3), this species might be involved in resolving the discrepancy. The sequence O(3) + hv --> O(2)(X(3)sigmag(-), v >/= 26) + O; O(2)(X(3)sigmag(-), v >/= 26) + O(2) --> O(3) + O (where hv is a photon) would be an autocatalytic mechanism for production of odd oxygen. A two-dimensional atmospheric model has been used to evaluate the importance of this new mechanism. The new mechanism can completely account for the tropical O(3) deficit at an altitude of 43 kilometers, but it does not completely account for the deficit at higher altitudes. The mechanism also provides for isotopic fractionation and may contribute to an explanation for the anomalously high concentration of heavy O(3) in the stratosphere.
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87
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Abstract
Verapamil toxicity results in hypotension, myocardial depression and disturbances in cardiac conduction. There is no specific therapy available for treatment of verapamil poisoning and management is therefore largely supportive. Overdose of sustained-release verapamil may result in prolonged toxicity which is often delayed in onset. This report describes two patients who ingested large doses of sustained-release verapamil. One patient developed severe toxicity resulting in hypotension and third-degree heart block which persisted for 48 h. In a second patient, significant toxicity was prevented by achieving adequate gastrointestinal decontamination. The mechanisms, presentation and management of verapamil poisoning are discussed.
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88
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Etchells EE, Wong DT, Davidson G, Houston PL. Fatal cerebral fat embolism associated with a patent foramen ovale. Chest 1993; 104:962-3. [PMID: 8365324 DOI: 10.1378/chest.104.3.962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy 22-year-old woman developed respiratory failure and brain death within 48 h of bilateral tibial fractures. Autopsy showed fat embolism in the lung and brain, and a large patent foramen ovale that may have contributed to massive cerebral fat embolism.
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89
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Suits AG, Miller RL, Bontuyan LS, Houston PL. Photofragment vector correlations by ion imaging: O2[a1Δg(v, J)] from 248 nm dissociation of ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9938901443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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90
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91
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Misaizu F, Houston PL, Nishi N, Shinohara H, Kondow T, Kinoshita M. Formation of protonated ammonia cluster ions: Two‐color two‐photon ionization study. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.464626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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92
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Loison J, Kable SH, Houston PL, Burak I. Photofragment excitation spectroscopy of the formyl (HCO/DCO) radical: Linewidths and predissociation rates of theÃ(A‘) state. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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93
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McBane GC, Kable SH, Houston PL, Schatz GC. Collisional excitation of CO by 2.3 eV H atoms. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.460020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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94
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Kable SH, Loison J, Houston PL, Burak I. The photochemistry of the formyl radical: Energy content of the photoproducts. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.458311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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95
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Trentelman KA, Kable SH, Moss DB, Houston PL. Photodissociation dynamics of acetone at 193 nm: Photofragment internal and translational energy distributions. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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96
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Cheng DC, Chung F, Burns RJ, Houston PL, Feindel CM. Postoperative myocardial infarction documented by technetium pyrophosphate scan using single-photon emission computed tomography: significance of intraoperative myocardial ischemia and hemodynamic control. Anesthesiology 1989; 71:818-26. [PMID: 2556063 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-198912000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this prospective study was to document postoperative myocardial infarction (PMI) by technetium pyrophosphate scan using single-photon emission computed tomography (TcPPi-SPECT) in 28 patients undergoing elective coronary bypass grafting (CABG). The relationships of intraoperative electrocardiographic myocardial ischemia, hemodynamic responses, and pharmacological requirements to this incidence of PMI were correlated. Radionuclide cardioangiography and TcPPi-SPECT were performed 24 h preoperatively and 48 h postoperatively. A standard high-dose fentanyl anesthetic protocol was used. Twenty-five percent of elective CABG patients were complicated with PMI, as documented by TcPPi-SPECT with an infarcted mass of 38.0 +/- 5.5 g. No significant difference in demographic, preoperative right and left ventricular function, number of coronary vessels grafted, or aortic cross-clamp time was observed between the PMI and non-PMI groups. The distribution of patients using preoperative beta-adrenergic blocking drugs or calcium channel blocking drugs was found to have no correlation with the outcome of PMI. As well, no significant differences in hemodynamic changes or pharmacological requirements were observed in the PMI and non-PMI groups during prebypass or postbypass periods, indicating careful intraoperative control of hemodynamic indices did not prevent the outcome of PMI in these patients. However, the incidence of prebypass ischemia was 39.3% and significantly correlated with the outcome of positive TcPPi-SPECT, denoting a 3.9-fold increased risk of developing PMI. Prebypass ischemic changes in leads II and V5 were shown to correlate with increased CPK-MB release (P less than 0.05) and tends to occur more frequently with lateral myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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97
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98
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Loo RO, Strauss CE, Haerri HP, Hall GE, Houston PL, Burak I, Hepburn JW. Vector correlations in the 157 nm photodissociation of OCS and the 266 nm photodissociation of methyl iodide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1039/f29898501185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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99
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Chung F, Houston PL, Cheng DC, Lavelle PA, McDonald N, Burns RJ, David TE. Calcium channel blockade does not offer adequate protection from perioperative myocardial ischemia. Anesthesiology 1988; 69:343-7. [PMID: 2458058 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-198809000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to detect the difference in hemodynamic and electrocardiographic responses during the prebypass period in patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting who were receiving beta-adrenergic blocking drugs, calcium entry blocking drugs, or both beta-adrenergic and calcium entry blocking drugs. Electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia was noted significantly more frequently in patients receiving calcium entry blocking drugs alone at induction of anesthesia (P less than 0.03), skin incision (P less than 0.05), and sternotomy (P less than 0.002). Heart rate at sternotomy was significantly higher in patients receiving calcium entry blocking drugs (P less than 0.02) as compared to patients receiving beta-adrenergic blocking drugs or the combination of both drugs. In conclusion, patients treated with calcium entry blocking drugs alone had significantly higher incidence of perioperative ischemic ECG changes compared with patients receiving beta-adrenergic blocking drugs alone or in combination with calcium channel blocking drugs.
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100
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Chandler DW, Houston PL. Two‐dimensional imaging of state‐selected photodissociation products detected by multiphoton ionization. J Chem Phys 1987. [DOI: 10.1063/1.453276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 809] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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