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Forkman B, Boissy A, Meunier-Salaün MC, Canali E, Jones RB. A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses. Physiol Behav 2008; 92:340-74. [PMID: 18046784 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fear is arguably the most commonly investigated emotion in domestic animals. In the current review we attempt to establish the level of repeatability and validity found for fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, poultry and horses. We focus the review on the three most common types of fear tests: the arena test (open field), the novel object test, and the restraint test. For some tests, e.g. tonic immobility in poultry, there is a good and broad literature on factors that affect the outcome of the test, the validity of the test and its age dependency. However, there are comparatively few of these well defined and validated tests and what is especially missing for most tests is information on the robustness, i.e., what aspects can be changed without affecting the validity of the tests. The relative absence of standardized tests hampers the development of applied ethology as a science.
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Nieto Y, Woods J, Nawaz F, Baron A, Jones RB, Shpall EJ, Nawaz S. Prognostic analysis of tumour angiogenesis, determined by microvessel density and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, in high-risk primary breast cancer patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:391-7. [PMID: 17609662 PMCID: PMC2360317 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to early breast cancer, the prognostic effect of tumour angiogenesis in tumours with advanced axillary spread has been less studied. We retrospectively analysed the effect of microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by immunohistochemistry on the outcome of 215 patients treated uniformly within prospective trials of high-dose chemotherapy for 4-9 and >/=10 positive nodes, and followed for a median of 9 (range 3-13) years. Microvessel density was associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression (P<0.001) and tumour size (P=0.001). Vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression (51% of patients) was associated with overexpression of EGFR (P=0.01) and HER2 (P<0.05), but not with MVD (P=0.3). High MVD was associated with worse relapse-free survival (74 vs 44%, P<0.001) and overall survival (76 vs 44%, P<0.001). Vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression had no effect on outcome. Multivariate analyses showed a prognostic effect of MVD independently of other known prognostic factors in this patient population. In conclusion, tumour angiogenesis, expressed as MVD, is a major independent prognostic factor in breast cancer patients with extensive axillary involvement.
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Jones RB, Imsic M, Franz P, Hale G, Tomkins RB. High nitrogen during growth reduced glucoraphanin and flavonol content in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) heads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/ea06205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) heads are commonly consumed in the Western diet and frequent consumption is thought to help protect against certain cancers and cardiovascular disease. Broccoli heads contain relatively high levels of glucosinolates and flavonols, thought to be the key phytochemicals that contribute to the health benefits gained upon consumption. In this study, we investigated the effect of applied nitrogen (N) at either 0, 15, 30 or 60 kg/ha, or 30, 60, 90 or 150 kg/ha with applied sulfur (S) at 50 or 100 kg/ha on the glucosinolates glucoraphanin, glucobrassicin and progoitrin, and the flavonols quercetin and kaempferol in broccoli cv. Marathon florets. Trials were conducted in two sites in either heavy clay or sandy loam to also assess the effect of soil type on phytochemical content. Application rates were based around recommended N and S applications for this crop in south-east Australia. N applications over 30 kg/ha caused a decrease in the content of glucoraphanin (18–34%) and both flavonols (20–38%). Progoitrin content was not affected while glucobrassicin increased by up to 44% with N applications >30 kg/ha. S applications of 50 or 100 kg/ha had no significant effect on either glucosinolates or flavonols. Crop yield (fresh weight), however, was significantly depressed (up to 40%) by N applications below 60 kg/ha. Fresh weight was also significantly depressed in plants grown in heavy clay compared with plants grown in a sandy loam, and phytochemical content increased, possibly due to a concentration effect. Therefore, low N applications to optimise phytochemicals may be only commercially useful if growers are producing mini-broccoli heads, as levels required to optimise phytochemical content (<30 kg/ha) also caused a significant decline in yield.
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Smith KGC, Jones RB, Burns SM, Jayne DRW. Long-term comparison of rituximab treatment for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis: Remission, relapse, and re-treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:2970-82. [PMID: 16947528 DOI: 10.1002/art.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current treatments for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and vasculitis contribute to mortality and incapacity and are only partially effective; thus, newer therapies are clearly needed. Depletion of B cells has led to disease control in patients with autoimmune disorders. We sought to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of a B cell-depleting therapy in patients with SLE and patients with vasculitis. METHODS In a prospective study with a median followup of 24 months, 11 patients with active or refractory SLE and 11 patients with active or refractory antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) received a course of therapy with rituximab (an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) along with a single dose of intravenous cyclophosphamide. RESULTS Remission followed rapid B cell depletion, with response rates of 100% among the 11 patients with SLE (6 patients had a complete response, and 5 patients had a partial response) and 91% among the 11 patients with AAV (9 patients had a complete response, and 1 patient had partial remission). A renal response occurred in all 6 patients with lupus nephritis. Clinical improvement was accompanied by significant reductions in the daily dose of prednisolone. Relapse occurred in 64% of the patients with SLE and in 60% of those with AAV. B cell return preceded relapse in the majority of patients, and further treatment with rituximab proved effective. IgG and IgM levels were maintained in the normal range. The incidence of infective complications was low; however, infusion reactions were common, and human antichimeric antibodies developed in 5 of 14 patients. CONCLUSION B cell depletion offers the prospect of sustained disease remission and improved disease control combined with low toxicity in patients with active or refractory SLE or AAV. Relapse following treatment is common, but re-treatment is rapidly effective.
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Richardson DK, Jones RB, Bailey CJ. The primary amine metabolite of sibutramine stimulates lipolysis in adipocytes isolated from lean and obese mice and in isolated human adipocytes. Horm Metab Res 2006; 38:727-31. [PMID: 17111299 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sibutramine is a satiety-inducing serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that acts predominantly via its primary and secondary metabolites. This study investigates the possibility that sibutramine and/or its metabolites could act directly on white adipose tissue to increase lipolysis. Adipocytes were isolated by a collagenase digestion procedure from homozygous lean (+/+) and obese-diabetic OB/OB mice, and from lean nondiabetic human subjects. The lipolytic activity of adipocyte preparations was measured by the determination of glycerol release over a 2-hour incubation period. The primary amine metabolite of sibutramine M2, caused a concentration-dependent stimulation of glycerol release by murine lean and obese adipocytes (maximum increase by 157+/-22 and 245+/-16%, respectively, p<0.05). Neither sibutramine nor its secondary amine metabolite M1 had any effect on lipolytic activity. Preliminary studies indicated that M2-induced lipolysis was mediated via a beta-adrenergic action. The non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (10 (-6) M) strongly inhibited M2-stimulated lipolysis in lean and obese murine adipocytes. M2 similarly increased lipolysis by isolated human omental and subcutaneous adipocytes (maximum increase by 194+/-33 and 136+/-4%, respectively, p<0.05) with EC50 values of 12 nM and 3 nM, respectively. These results indicate that the sibutramine metabolite M2 can act directly on murine and human adipose tissue to increase lipolysis via a pathway involving beta-adrenoceptors.
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Flossmann O, Jones RB, Jayne DRW, Luqmani RA. Should rituximab be used to treat antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis? Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:841-4. [PMID: 16769779 PMCID: PMC1798207 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.048900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of chloroform vapor and liquid at normal temperature and pressure and liquid under hydrostatic pressure are presented, giving bond lengths and vibrational frequencies as functions of pressure. The change in bond lengths between vapor and liquid at normal temperature and pressure is consistent with a pressure equivalent to the cohesive energy density (CED) of the liquid, supporting the solvation pressure model which predicts that solvated molecules or nanoparticles experience a pressure equal to the CED of the liquid. Experimental data for certain Raman frequencies of chloroform in the vapor phase, in the liquid, and in the liquid under pressure are presented and compared to MD. Results for C-Cl vibrational modes are in general agreement with the solvation pressure model whereas frequencies associated with the C-H bond are not. The results demonstrate that masking interactions exist in the real liquid that can be reduced or eliminated in simplified simulations.
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Jones RB, Pearson J, Cawsey AJ, Bental D, Barrett A, White J, White CA, Gilmour WH. Effect of different forms of information produced for cancer patients on their use of the information, social support, and anxiety: randomised trial. BMJ 2006; 332:942-8. [PMID: 16597660 PMCID: PMC1444811 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38807.571042.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the hypothesis that different methods of selecting and printing information for cancer patients could improve emotional support by affecting interaction with others, and so lead to improved psychological wellbeing. DESIGN Randomised trial with eight groups (three factors, 2x2x2). Data collected at recruitment and three month follow-up. PARTICIPANTS 400 patients starting radiotherapy, of whom 325 with breast or prostate cancer and complete anxiety and depression data were included in the analysis. INTERVENTIONS Printed booklets: half had only general information from CancerBACUP about each patient's cancer and half had personalised information from the patient's medical record plus selected general information; half were composed of information chosen interactively by the patient and half were produced automatically with a larger volume of material; and half had additional advice on anxiety management and half did not. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patients' views of the information, use of their booklets with others; change in reported social support; change in anxiety and depression. RESULTS The larger booklets produced automatically were more likely to be found useful and to tell patients something new and less likely to be seen as too limited than the booklets produced interactively, but they were also more likely to overwhelm some patients. Personalised booklets were more likely than general booklets to tell patients something new. There was no difference in patients' perceived understanding of their cancer by any of the intervention factors. Patients with personalised information were more likely to show their booklets to others and to think it helped in discussing their cancer or its treatment. There were no major differences in social support, anxiety, or depression by any intervention factors. CONCLUSIONS Patients were more likely to show personalised information to their confidants than general information. Further research is needed into the effects of sharing information on patients' social support and anxiety. Trial registration US Government Clinical Trials Database NCT00127465.
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Janghorbani M, Stenhouse EA, Jones RB, Millward BA. Is neighbourhood deprivation a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus? Diabet Med 2006; 23:313-7. [PMID: 16492216 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the relationship between neighbourhood deprivation and the rate of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using routinely collected data from a clinical information system, in Plymouth, UK. METHODS Between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 1997, 3933 women residing within the Plymouth Primary Care Trust (PCT) were screened for GDM using indices of neighbourhood deprivation and prevalence of GDM. Areas (n = 43) were classified according to the Townsend index, measuring material deprivation. Pregnant women with and without GDM were compared. RESULTS The prevalence of GDM was 1.7%[95%, confidence interval (CI) 1.20, 2.11]. The prevalence of GDM ranged from 1.05% (95% CI 0.60, 1.70) in the most deprived to 2.10% (95%, CI 1.34, 3.13), in the least deprived neighbourhood. Crude rates decreased by 50%[relative prevalence (RP) (95% CI) 0.50 (0.27, 0.94); P = 0.06] amongst those living in the most-deprived compared with those living in the least-deprived areas. Using a stepwise binary logistic regression model, older age at delivery significantly increased the risk of developing GDM. [RP (95%, CI) 1.09, (1.04, 1.13)]. Townsend deprivation score had no significant independent association with GDM when other covariates were considered. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the neighbourhood context in which women live has no impact on the risk of GDM. Diabet.
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Xing D, Decker WK, Li S, Robinson SN, Yang H, Segal H, O'Connor S, Yao X, Komanduri KV, McMannis JD, Jones RB, de Lima M, Champlin RE, Shpall EJ. AML-loaded DC generate Th1-type cellular immune responses in vitro. Cytotherapy 2006; 8:95-104. [PMID: 16698683 DOI: 10.1080/14653240600620093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of AML-specific T-lymphocyte responses by leukemia-derived DC has been documented by multiple investigators and is being pursued clinically. An obstacle to widespread use of this strategy is that it has not been possible to generate leukemic DC from all patients, and an alternative approach is needed if the majority of leukemia patients are to receive therapeutic vaccination in conjunction with other treatment protocols. METHODS In the present study, we generated DC from CD14-selected monocytes isolated from healthy donor PBPC and loaded them with a total cell lysate from AML patient blasts. RESULTS Immature in vitro-derived DC exhibited robust phagocytic activity, and mature DC demonstrated high expression of CD80, CD83, CD86 and the chemokine receptor CCR7, important for DC migration to local lymph nodes. Mature, Ag-loaded DC were used as APC for leukemia-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) induction and demonstrated cytotoxic activity against leukemic targets. CTL lysis was Ag-specific, with killing of both allogeneic leukemic blasts and autologous DC loaded with allogeneic AML lysate. HLA-matched controls were not lysed in our system. DISCUSSION These data support further research into the use of this strategy as an alternative approach to leukemia-derived DC vaccination.
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Jones RB, Marin RH, Satterlee DG. Adrenocortical responses of Japanese quail to a routine weighing procedure and to tonic immobility induction. Poult Sci 2005; 84:1675-7. [PMID: 16463963 DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.11.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tonic immobility (TI) is induced by brief manual restraint, and it is a commonly used test of fearfulness, particularly in poultry. However, in view of increasing ethical concerns about experimentation on living animals, there is a need to ensure that the tests used do not elicit unacceptable distress. In the United Kingdom, there is some debate as to whether TI should be classified as a regulated experimental procedure that requires a Home Office license to experiment on living animals under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act of 1986. The present study compared plasma corticosterone (PC) concentrations in undisturbed Japanese quail (controls) with those exposed to the induction of TI or those exposed to a routine weighing procedure. Circulating PC concentrations were higher following TI induction or weighing than in the controls, but the 2 treatments elicited similar adrenocortical responses. Further, the PC levels found here were lower than those reported elsewhere when quail were exposed to crating, transport, or mechanical immobilization stressors. We therefore concluded that the induction of TI might be best regarded as a mild stressor. Furthermore, studies using this technique can identify ways of alleviating fear and thereby improving well-being. Collectively, we believe that the use of TI is justified, and it does not require classification as a regulated procedure in the United Kingdom or elsewhere.
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Jones RB. Rotational diffusion of colloidal particles near confining walls. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:164705. [PMID: 16268720 DOI: 10.1063/1.2087407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the rotational diffusion of a spherical colloid confined in a narrow channel between parallel plane hard walls. The walls damp translational diffusion much more than rotational diffusion so that there is expected to be little translation-rotation coupling. Using a recent calculation of the nonisotropic rotational mobilities arising from the hydrodynamic interactions with the walls, we set up the rotational Smoluchowski equation for either a particle with a permanent dipole moment or a polarizable particle with axisymmetric polarizabilities subject to an external electric field. Using the Smoluchowski equation dynamics we calculate the time-correlation functions of orientation that are measured in depolarized light scattering for the cases of no external field, external field normal to the walls, and external field parallel to the walls. The decay of correlations is shown to be given by a weighted sum of decaying exponentials and can be characterized by an initial and a mean characteristic decay time. The weights and decay rates of each component and the characteristic decay times are studied numerically for a range of field strengths. The nonisotropic rotational mobilities make these decay times highly sensitive to the distance of the particle from the confining walls. This position dependence can be used as a method of measuring the rotational mobilities or, conversely, the rate of decay of correlations can be used as a probe of particle position between the confining walls.
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Gutman JA, Bearman SI, Nieto Y, Sweetenham JW, Jones RB, Shpall EJ, Zeng C, Baron A, McSweeney PA. Autologous transplantation followed closely by reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation as consolidative immunotherapy in advanced lymphoma patients: a feasibility study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36:443-51. [PMID: 15995712 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report outcomes in advanced lymphoma patients (n = 32) who enrolled in a trial of prospectively planned combined autologous/reduced-intensity transplantation (RIT) (n = 25) or who received RIT shortly after prior autografting because of high relapse risk or progressive disease (n = 7). Nine patients on the autologous/RIT transplant protocol did not proceed to planned RIT because of patient choice (n = 4), disease progression (n = 3), toxicity (n = 1), or no adequate donor (n = 1). Among the 23 other patients, RIT was started a median of 59 days (range 31-123) after autologous transplant. Fifteen patients had related donors, five patients had unrelated donors, and three patients had cord blood donors. Among all patients completing RIT, the median overall survival time was 385 days (95% CI 272-792), and the median relapse-free survival time was 157 days (95% CI 119-385). At the time of reporting, six patients (26%) remain alive and three patients (13%) remain alive without relapse. The 100-day transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 9% among all patients and was 0% among matched sibling donors. Overall TRM was 43%. Tandem transplant is feasible in advanced lymphoma with low early TRM. However, practical challenges associated with the strategy were significant and high levels of late TRM due to graft-versus-host disease and infections suggest that modifications of the procedure will be needed to improve outcomes and patient retention.
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Nieto Y, Woods J, Jones RB, Shpall EJ, Bearman SI, Baron AE, Nawaz S. Prognostic analysis of intratumor microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in high-risk primary breast cancer (HRPBC) patients (PTS) receiving high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
We study a spherical mesoparticle suspended in Newtonian fluid between plane-parallel walls with incident Poiseuille flow. Using a two-dimensional Fourier transform technique we obtain a symmetric analytic expression for the Green tensor for the Stokes equations describing the creeping flow in this geometry. From the matrix elements of the Green tensor with respect to a complete vector harmonic basis, we obtain the friction matrix for the sphere. The calculation of matrix elements of the Green tensor is done in large part analytically, reducing the evaluation of these elements to a one-dimensional numerical integration. The grand resistance and mobility matrices in Cartesian form are given in terms of 13 scalar friction and mobility functions which are expressed in terms of certain matrix elements calculated in the spherical basis. Numerical calculation of these functions is shown to converge well and to agree with earlier numerical calculations based on boundary collocation. For a channel width broad with respect to the particle radius, we show that an approximation defined by a superposition of single-wall functions is reasonably accurate, but that it has large errors for a narrow channel. In the two-wall geometry the friction and mobility functions describing translation-rotation coupling change sign as a function of position between the two walls. By Stokesian dynamics calculations for a polar particle subject to a torque arising from an external field, we show that the translation-rotation coupling induces sideways migration at right angles to the direction of fluid flow.
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Khorshid O, de Meis E, Martin T, Jones RB, Shpall EJ, Nieto Y, Khouri I, Shahjahan M, Gajewski J, Giralt S, Champlin R, de Lima M. Unrelated umbilical cord blood stem cell transplant after failure of haploidentical or matched unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Leukemia 2003; 17:2538-40. [PMID: 14523458 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jones RB. Adiabatic change in the Smoluchowski equation: Orientational diffusion of polar particles. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1579684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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McLean CJ, Ragge NK, Jones RB, Collin JRO. The management of orbital cysts associated with congenital microphthalmos and anophthalmos. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:860-3. [PMID: 12812886 PMCID: PMC1771749 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.87.7.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the management of the orbital cysts present in a group of patients with anophthalmos and microphthalmos. METHODS A retrospective study of 34 patients (40 orbits) treated for orbital cyst associated with microphthalmos and anophthalmos. RESULTS The two largest treatment groups comprised 17 orbits (42.5%) where the cyst was removed surgically and 17 orbits (42.5%) where the cyst was retained and conformers were used. The remaining cases comprised two orbits (5%) where the cyst was aspirated initially; two orbits (5%) with large cysts which will need to be excised after further orbital growth; one orbit (2.5%) in which a silicone expander was used initially, and one orbit (2.5%) in which a mildly microphthalmic eye had some vision and was monitored but required no surgery. CONCLUSION In this study 33 out of 34 patients had a good cosmetic result which illustrates that the orbital cyst in microphthalmos or anophthalmos performs a useful role in socket expansion and that the majority of patients with this condition can expect a good cosmetic outcome.
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Medeiros BC, Kolhouse JF, Cagnoni PJ, Ryder J, Nieto Y, Rabinovitch R, Shpall EJ, Bearman SI, Jones RB, McSweeney PA. Nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for congenital sideroblastic anemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31:1053-5. [PMID: 12774059 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA) is a dyserythropoietic disorder that leads to transfusion dependency and subsequent iron overload. Nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (NST) was performed for a patient with CSA, who had contraindications to conventional allografting. Conditioning was fludarabine, low-dose total body irradiation and antithymocyte globulin, followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplant. Cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil were used for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Complete donor chimerism was observed day +131. Early after transplant, the patient became transfusion independent, allowing a regular phlebotomy program. On day +190, refractory lactic acidosis followed by fatal cardiovascular collapse developed, without evidence of infection. Data from this case demonstrates that NST may correct the erythropoietic defect of CSA.
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Abstract
In the laboratory and at a commercial farm in Argentina, chicks that showed a short latency to exit a T-maze (LEX) (HP, high performance) gained more weight than those with a longer LEX (LP, low performance). The present study re-examined this relationship and evaluated additional T-maze measures using broilers reared in quasi-intensive, environmentally controlled conditions. In the T-maze, a mirror strategically placed at the end of a corridor stimulates the test chick to leave the isolation chamber (start box) and to move toward its reflection. Having done so, it can then see other birds and thereby be further stimulated to completely exit the maze. However, when a test bird hesitates or stops at the mirror, its performance categorization may be confounded. Herein, the T-maze performance of 3-d-old broiler chicks was assessed using three different measurements: 1) the latency to exit the start box (LEB), 2) the latency to reach the mirror section of the maze (LRM), and 3) LEX. The fastest (top 25%) and slowest (bottom 25%) of the birds within a sex and within each of the three T-maze criteria were classified as HP and LP chicks, respectively. The relationships between these measures and body weight were examined in 4-, 42-, and 56-d-old males and females. Irrespective of the T-maze classification criteria used, HP and LP chicks had similar body weights at 4 d of age. However, chicks classified as HP according to LEB or LRM measures were heavier at 42 and 56 d of age than LP ones (P < 0.02 for all comparisons). These differences were apparent in both sexes. On the other hand, there were no detectable differences in body weight at the latter ages between chicks categorized as HP or LP according to their LEX scores. The present results indicate that 1) broiler chicks that exit the T-maze start box and reach the mirror quickly subsequently grow faster than their slower LP counterparts and 2) LEB and LRM are better predictors of growth than the LEX value used in previous studies.
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Suratt BT, Lynch DA, Cool CD, Jones RB, Brown KK. Interferon-gamma for delayed pulmonary toxicity syndrome resistant to steroids. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31:939-41. [PMID: 12748674 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Delayed pulmonary toxicity syndrome, characterized by interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis, is common following high-dose bischloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU) (carmustine, [1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea]) containing chemotherapeutic regimens. Depending upon the treatment protocol, it may develop in over 70% of patients. Early and aggressive corticosteroid treatment leads to improvement in the majority of patients. However, up to 8% of affected patients may fail to respond to corticosteroids and develop progressive respiratory failure leading to death. No alternatives to corticosteroids have thus far been shown useful. We report the symptomatic and physiological improvement of a patient with severe steroid-resistant delayed pulmonary toxicity syndrome, following treatment with interferon-gamma.
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Skinner-Noble DO, Jones RB, Teeter RG. Components of feed efficiency in broiler breeding stock: is improved feed conversion associated with increased docility and lethargy in broilers? Poult Sci 2003; 82:532-7. [PMID: 12710470 DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.4.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two trials were conducted to test the hypothesis that broilers classified as good rather than poor feed converters (low vs. high feed-to-gain ratios, respectively) would show decreased activity (increased lethargy) and reduced fear of human caretakers. In both trials birds were reared to juvenile selection age when the 192 males with the "best" breast and leg conformation were placed into individual bird cages (46 x 60 cm), and their feed conversion ratio (FCR) was measured. In trial 1, birds remained in the cages for 7 d for assessment of feed conversion. During the feed conversion testing period, the birds were subjected to three behavioral tests. First, approach-avoidance responses to a novel object placed in the feeder were observed when feeding would be expected. Second, behavior patterns of individual birds were assessed by recording feeding, drinking, walking pecking, preening, standing, and resting. Third, the 20 birds showing the best FCR and the 20 showing the worst were induced into tonic immobility (TI). Feed conversion was not related to either the novel object or the TI measures of fearfulness. Neither was FCR related to feeding, drinking, walking, or pecking. However, FCR was positively correlated with both standing and preening and negatively correlated with resting behavior. In trial 2, the FCR test lasted for 11 d. The birds were assessed for behavioral patterns (feeding, drinking, walking, pecking, preening, standing, and resting) as in the previous trial. As in trial 1, FCR was positively correlated with standing and negatively correlated with resting behavior. Contrary to expectations, the results of these two studies suggest that broilers with good FCR were actually less lethargic and no more fearful than those that showed poor FCR values.
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Hornby SJ, Dandona L, Jones RB, Stewart H, Gilbert CE. The familial contribution to non-syndromic ocular coloboma in south India. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:336-40. [PMID: 12598450 PMCID: PMC1771576 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.87.3.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify the proportion of familial cases of isolated ocular colobomatous malformations in a case series from south India. METHODS Children with ocular coloboma without systemic features were recruited from multiple sources in Andhra Pradesh, India. Their families were traced, pedigrees drawn, and family members examined. RESULTS 56 probands, 25 females (44.6%) and 31 males (57.4%) with a colobomatous malformation were identified. In 12 cases (21.4%) another family member was affected. The risk to siblings was 3.8%. The parents were consanguineous in 25 cases (44.6%). CONCLUSIONS 21.4% of cases of isolated ocular coloboma in this highly consanguineous population of south India were familial, with both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive mechanisms likely in different families.
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Jones RB. In the country of the blind? J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56:885-7. [PMID: 12461092 PMCID: PMC1756975 DOI: 10.1136/jech.56.12.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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