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Benhadou F, Van der Zee H, Pascual J, Rigopoulos D, Katoulis A, Liakou A, Daxhelet M, Romanelli M, Iannone M, Kinyó Á, Nikolakis G, Zouboulis C, Dessinioti C, Zisimou C, Antoniou C, Alavi A, Mintoff D, Aquilina S, Matusiak L, Szepietowski J, Sinclair R, Husein‐ElAhmed H, von Laffert M, Revuz J, Danby B, Puig L, Theut Riis P, Jemec G, Straalen K, Wigny K, Marmol V, Guillem P. Pilonidal sinus disease: an intergluteal localization of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: a cross‐sectional study among 2465 patients. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:1198-1206. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Papp KA, Reich K, Blauvelt A, Kimball AB, Gooderham M, Tyring SK, Sinclair R, Thaci D, Li Q, Cichanowitz N, Green S, La Rosa C. Efficacy of tildrakizumab for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: pooled analysis of three randomized controlled trials at weeks 12 and 28. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1098-1106. [PMID: 30838709 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy of tildrakizumab for plaque psoriasis was demonstrated in randomized, placebo-controlled trials. OBJECTIVE To consolidate tildrakizumab efficacy results by pooling data. METHODS Data (N = 2081) from tildrakizumab 100 mg, tildrakizumab 200 mg and placebo groups in three trials were pooled. RESULTS Proportions of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 responders at week 12 were better with tildrakizumab 100 mg (62.3%) and tildrakizumab 200 mg (64.8%) vs. placebo (5.6%; P < 0.0001) and for PASI 90, PASI 100 and Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) 'clear' or 'minimal' vs. placebo (P < 0.0001). Responses increased from weeks 12 to 28. Week 12 PASI and PGA responses to tildrakizumab vs. placebo were numerically greater in patients with lower vs. higher bodyweight and were better with tildrakizumab 200 mg than tildrakizumab 100 mg for patients with higher bodyweight. Week 12 PASI 75 responses vs. placebo with tildrakizumab 100 mg were similar between patients with (55.0%) or without (56.7%) prior biologics. PASI 90, PASI 100 and PGA responses were generally higher in patients without prior biologics. Week 8 PASI 50 response predicted PASI 90 response. CONCLUSION Pooled data confirmed the efficacy of tildrakizumab for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
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Spencer-Hwang R, Pasco-Rubio M, Soret S, Ghamsary M, Sinclair R, Alhusseini N, Montgomery S. Association of major California freight railyards with asthma-related pediatric emergency department hospital visits. Prev Med Rep 2019; 13:73-79. [PMID: 30533348 PMCID: PMC6279983 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a major health threat and leading cause of chronic morbidity among children. Air pollutants have been linked to exacerbations and promotion of initial development of asthma. Extensive research already conducted assessing adverse health impacts associated with exposure to pollutants from vehicular traffic. However, little research conducted assessing exposure to pollutants stemming from goods movement industry, such as freight railyards. This study's purpose to assess potential association between residential proximity to major freight railyards and asthma-related emergency room (ER) visits in children. This study included children ≤14 yrs. old, living within 30-mile radius of one of 18 freight railyards in California, and having utilized emergency room services between 2007 and 2009, identified through California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) database. Logistic regression modeling with all 18 railyards, and models with top 5 polluting railyards, conducted to assess for potential association between asthma related ER visit (asthma vs. non-asthma visit) and railyard residential proximity. A total 109,645 asthma related ER visits identified, majority among low income, minority populations. Within 18 railyard model, children closest to railyard (0-5 miles) were at significant increased odds (OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.10-1.20) for asthma related ER visit and stronger odds observed for 5 top emitting railyards (OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.29-1.52). Our findings indicate a strong link between asthma ER visits for children and residential proximity to railyards, especially among low-income and minority communities. There's a critical need to better understand complex health risks for individuals residing in these communities and mitigation efforts for this vulnerable population.
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Cranwell W, Sinclair R. Sunscreen and facial skincare products in frontal fibrosing alopecia: a case–control study. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:943-944. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sinclair R, Facelli JM. Ninety years of change on the TGB Osborn Vegetation Reserve, Koonamore: a unique research opportunity. RANGELAND JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/rj18022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The TGB Osborn Vegetation Reserve, on Koonamore station in the NE pastoral area of South Australia, is the longest-running vegetation monitoring project of its type in Australia. In 1925, a 4-km2 rectangle in a heavily overgrazed area was fenced to exclude rabbits and sheep, and permanent quadrats and photo-points set up to record changes. The area is predominantly chenopod shrubland, with an open woodland tree layer. After the initial elimination of rabbits, control slackened and rabbit numbers increased until the 1970s, when intense elimination efforts resumed, together with the arrival of myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease viruses. Consequently, the reserve has had 50 years without sheep, followed by 40 years virtually without either sheep or rabbits. Changes over that time have been very striking, and they have been recorded regularly via mapped quadrats and photopoints.
The objective of this paper is to highlight opportunities for making use of this database for researching several interesting ecological questions.
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Goren A, Sharma A, Dhurat R, Shapiro J, Sinclair R, Situm M, Kovacevic M, Lukinovic Skudar V, Goldust M, Lotti T, McCoy J. Low-dose daily aspirin reduces topical minoxidil efficacy in androgenetic alopecia patients. Dermatol Ther 2018; 31:e12741. [PMID: 30226287 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Topical minoxidil is the only US FDA approved OTC drug for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Minoxidil is a pro-drug converted into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, by the sulfotransferase enzymes in the outer root sheath of hair follicles. Previously, we demonstrated that sulfotransferase activity in hair follicles predicts response to topical minoxidil in the treatment of AGA. In the human liver, sulfotransferase activity is significantly inhibited by salicylic acid. Low-dose OTC aspirin (75-81 mg), a derivative of salicylic acid, is used by millions of people daily for the prevention of coronary heart disease and cancer. It is not known whether oral aspirin inhibits sulfotransferase activity in hair follicles, potentially affecting minoxidil response in AGA patients. In the present study, we determined the follicular sulfotransferase enzymatic activity following 14 days of oral aspirin administration. In our cohort of 24 subjects, 50% were initially predicted to be responders to minoxidil. However, following 14 days of aspirin administration, only 27% of the subjects were predicted to respond to topical minoxidil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the effect of low-dose daily aspirin use on the efficacy of topical minoxidil.
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Murrell D, Stavropoulos P, Patsatsi A, Zeeli T, Baum S, Bassukas I, Caux F, Roussaki A, Sinclair R, Kern J, Gourlay S, Joly P. LB1509 Anti-desmoglein levels & response to the BTK inhibitor PRN1008 in pemphigus. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Blauvelt A, Reich K, Papp K, Kimball A, Gooderham M, Tyring S, Sinclair R, Thaçi D, Li Q, Cichanowitz N, Green S, La Rosa C. Safety of tildrakizumab for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: pooled analysis of three randomized controlled trials. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:615-622. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Akbari-Sharbaf A, Sinclair R, Verrier A, Ziat D, Zhou HD, Sun XF, Quilliam JA. Tunable Quantum Spin Liquidity in the 1/6th-Filled Breathing Kagome Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:227201. [PMID: 29906141 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.227201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements on a series of materials, Li_{2}In_{1-x}Sc_{x}Mo_{3}O_{8}, that can be described as a 1/6th-filled breathing kagome lattice. Substituting Sc for In generates chemical pressure which alters the breathing parameter nonmonotonically. Muon spin rotation experiments show that this chemical pressure tunes the system from antiferromagnetic long range order to a quantum spin liquid phase. A strong correlation with the breathing parameter implies that it is the dominant parameter controlling the level of magnetic frustration, with increased kagome symmetry generating the quantum spin liquid phase. Magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest that this is related to distinct types of charge order induced by changes in lattice symmetry, in line with the theory of Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. B 93, 245134 (2016)PRBMDO2469-995010.1103/PhysRevB.93.245134]. The specific heat for samples at intermediate Sc concentration, which have the minimum breathing parameter, show consistency with the predicted U(1) quantum spin liquid.
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Sinclair R. Pre-operative variables and complications after oesophagectomy - a reply. Anaesthesia 2018; 73:396. [PMID: 29437216 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rashidi M, Rufaut N, Jones L, Partridge T, Sinclair R. LB1000 Differentiation of dermal papilla cells into a myogenic lineage for the treatment of duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Goren A, McCoy J, Kovacevic M, Shapiro J, Sinclair R. 842 Styling without shedding: novel topical formula reduces hair shedding by contracting the arrector pili muscle. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sinclair R, Cao HB, Garlea VO, Lee M, Choi ES, Dun ZL, Dong S, Dagotto E, Zhou HD. Canted magnetic ground state of quarter-doped manganites R 0.75Ca 0.25MnO 3 (R = Y, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:065802. [PMID: 28002058 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa4de1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycrystalline samples of the quarter-doped manganites R 0.75Ca0.25MnO3 (R = Y, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) were studied by x-ray diffraction and AC/DC susceptibility measurements. All five samples are orthorhombic and exhibit similar magnetic properties: enhanced ferromagnetism below T 1 (∼80 K) and a spin glass (SG) state below T SG (∼30 K). With increasing R 3+ ionic size, both T 1 and T SG generally increase. The single crystal neutron diffraction results on Tb0.75Ca0.25MnO3 revealed that the SG state is mainly composed of a short-range ordered version of a novel canted (i.e. noncollinear) antiferromagnetic spin state. Furthermore, calculations based on the double exchange model for quarter-doped manganites reveal that this new magnetic phase provides a transition state between the ferromagnetic state and the theoretically predicted spin-orthogonal stripe phase.
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Peacock D, Kovaliski J, Sinclair R, Mutze G, Iannella A, Capucci L. RHDV2 overcoming RHDV immunity in wild rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Australia. Vet Rec 2017; 180:280. [PMID: 28082661 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lee M, Choi ES, Ma J, Sinclair R, Dela Cruz CR, Zhou HD. Magnetism and multiferroicity of an isosceles triangular lattice antiferromagnet Sr3NiNb2O9. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:476004. [PMID: 27661860 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/47/476004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Various experimental measurements were performed to complete the phase diagram of a weakly distorted triangular lattice system, Sr3NiNb2O9 with Ni(2+) , spin-1 magnetic ions. This compound possesses an isosceles triangular lattice with two shorter bonds and one longer bond. It shows a two-step magnetic phase transition at [Formula: see text] K and [Formula: see text] K at zero magnetic field, characteristic of an easy-axis anisotropy. In the magnetization curves, a series of magnetic phase transitions was observed such as an up-up-down phase at [Formula: see text] T with 1/3 of the saturation magnetization (M sat) and an oblique phase at [Formula: see text] T with [Formula: see text]/3 M sat. Intriguingly, the magnetic phase transition below T N2 is in tandem with the ferroelectricity, which demonstrates multiferroic behaviors. Moreover, the multiferroic phase persists in all magnetically ordered phases regardless of the spin structure. The comparison between the phase diagrams of Sr3NiNb2O9 and its sister compound with an equilateral triangular lattice antiferromagnet Ba3NiNb2O9 (Hwang et al 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 257205), illustrates how a small imbalance among exchange interactions change the magnetic ground states of the TLAFs.
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Sinclair R. Female pattern hair loss, biological ageing and the Leiden Longevity study. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:671-2. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sinclair R. Measuring the impact of alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:461-2. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Torkamani N, Rufaut NW, Jones L, Sinclair R. Destruction of the arrector pili muscle and fat infiltration in androgenic alopecia. Br J Dermatol 2016; 170:1291-8. [PMID: 24579818 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common hair loss condition in men and women. Hair loss is caused by follicle miniaturization, which is largely irreversible beyond a certain degree of follicular regression. In contrast, hair loss in telogen effluvium (TE) is readily reversible. The arrector pili muscle (APM) connects the follicle to the surrounding skin. OBJECTIVES To compare histopathological features of the APM in AGA and TE. METHODS Archival blocks of 4-mm scalp punch biopsies from eight patients with AGA and five with TE were obtained. New 4-mm biopsies from five normal cases were used as controls. Serial 7-μm sections were stained with a modified Masson's trichrome stain. 'Reconstruct' software was used to construct and evaluate three-dimensional images of the follicle and APM. RESULTS The APM degenerated and was replaced by adipose tissue in all AGA specimens. Remnants of the APM remained attached to the hair follicle. There was no fat in the normal skin specimens. Fat was seen in two of five TE specimens but could be attributed to these patients also showing evidence of AGA. Quantitative analysis showed that muscle volume decreased and fat volume increased significantly (P < 0·05) in AGA compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS APM degeneration and replacement with fat in AGA has not previously been described. The underlying mechanism remains to be determined. However, we speculate that this phenomenon might be related to depletion of stem or progenitor cells from the follicle mesenchyme, explaining why AGA is treatment resistant.
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Harries M, Tosti A, Bergfeld W, Blume-Peytavi U, Shapiro J, Lutz G, Messenger A, Sinclair R, Paus R. Towards a consensus on how to diagnose and quantify female pattern hair loss - The ‘Female Pattern Hair Loss Severity Index (FPHL-SI)’. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:667-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Dunwoody I, Hopwood B, Sinclair R. Retrospective study of patients receiving long-term mechanical ventilation. Crit Care 2015. [PMCID: PMC4472428 DOI: 10.1186/cc14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Cunningham TR, Sinclair R. Application of a model for delivering occupational safety and health to smaller businesses: Case studies from the US. SAFETY SCIENCE 2015; 71:213-225. [PMID: 26300585 PMCID: PMC4544669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Smaller firms are the majority in every industry in the US, and they endure a greater burden of occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities than larger firms. Smaller firms often lack the necessary resources for effective occupational safety and health activities, and many require external assistance with safety and health programming. Based on previous work by researchers in Europe and New Zealand, NIOSH researchers developed for occupational safety and health intervention in small businesses. This model was evaluated with several intermediary organizations. Four case studies which describe efforts to reach small businesses with occupational safety and health assistance include the following: trenching safety training for construction, basic compliance and hazard recognition for general industry, expanded safety and health training for restaurants, and fall prevention and respirator training for boat repair contractors. Successful efforts included participation by the initiator among the intermediaries' planning activities, alignment of small business needs with intermediary offerings, continued monitoring of intermediary activities by the initiator, and strong leadership for occupational safety and health among intermediaries. Common challenges were a lack of resources among intermediaries, lack of opportunities for in-person meetings between intermediaries and the initiator, and balancing the exchanges in the initiator-intermediary-small business relationships. The model offers some encouragement that initiator organizations can contribute to sustainable OSH assistance for small firms, but they must depend on intermediaries who have compatible interests in smaller businesses and they must work to understand the small business social system.
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Mun ED, Chern GW, Pardo V, Rivadulla F, Sinclair R, Zhou HD, Zapf VS, Batista CD. Magnetic field induced transition in vanadium spinels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:017207. [PMID: 24483929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.017207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study vanadium spinels AV2O4 (A = Cd,Mg) in pulsed magnetic fields up to 65 T. A jump in magnetization at μ0H≈40 T is observed in the single-crystal MgV2O4, indicating a field induced quantum phase transition between two distinct magnetic orders. In the multiferroic CdV2O4, the field induced transition is accompanied by a suppression of the electric polarization. By modeling the magnetic properties in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling characteristic of vanadium spinels, we show that both features of the field induced transition can be successfully explained by including the effects of the local trigonal crystal field.
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Yazdabadi A, Whiting D, Rufaut N, Sinclair R. Miniaturized Hairs Maintain Contact with the Arrector Pili Muscle in Alopecia Areata but not in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Model for Reversible Miniaturization and Potential for Hair Regrowth. Int J Trichology 2013. [PMID: 23180923 PMCID: PMC3500053 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicle miniaturization is the hallmark of male pattern hair loss (MPHL), female pattern hair loss (FPHL), and alopecia areata (AA). AA has the potential for complete hair regrowth and reversal of miniaturization. MPHL and FPHL are either irreversible or show only partial regrowth and minimal reversal of miniaturization. HYPOTHESIS The arrector pili muscle (APM) attachment to the hair follicle bulge, a recognized repository of stem cells may be necessary for reversal of hair follicle miniaturization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sequential histological sections from MPHL, FPHL, AA, and telogen effluvium were used to create three-dimensional images to compare the relationship between the APM and bulge. RESULTS In AA, contact was maintained between the APM and the bulge of miniaturized follicles while in MPHL and FPHL contact was lost. DISCUSSION Contact between the APM and the bulge in AA may be required for reversal of hair follicle miniaturization. Maintenance of contact between miniaturized follicles in AA could explain the complete hair regrowth while loss of contact between the APM and the bulge in MPHL and FPHL may explain why the hair loss is largely irreversible. This loss of contact may reflect changes in stem cell biology that also underlie irreversible miniaturization.
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Ashton-Cleary D, Sinclair R. Survival of older patients after critical care. Crit Care 2013. [PMCID: PMC3643197 DOI: 10.1186/cc12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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