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Mangano ER, Jones GMC, Suarez-Bonnet A, Waller AS, Priestnall SL. Streptococcus zooepidemicus in dogs: Exploring a canine pathogen through multilocus sequence typing. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110059. [PMID: 38554599 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus equi. subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) associated diseases in dogs have emerged as a significant concern over recent decades. S. zooepidemicus occurs sporadically in dog populations globally, with increased prevalence in shelters/kennels. This study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 149 independent canine S. zooepidemicus isolates to assess associations between sequence type and breed, country of origin, disease severity, sampling type, year, and behaviour within an outbreak. No clear associations for breed, country, sampling type and year were determined in this study. ST-10 and 123 strains were present within all disease categories, from no clinical signs to severe disease. Assessment of S. zooepidemicus infection in 3 UK outbreaks at the same location found ST-10, 18, 123 strains, and a ST-173 strain in a US outbreak, were associated with haemorrhagic pneumonia and persisted in kennelled populations over time. The ST-173 clonal complex has been noted to have severe virulence capabilities in dogs and other species. S. zooepidemicus seems to thrive in environments with a high risk of transmissibility, overcrowding, stress and naïve populations, particularly for those in shelters/kennels. MLST alone cannot determine the virulence phenotype of S. zooepidemicus in dogs. However, a level of conservancy and diversity within ST allelic loci aids the opportunity to cause severe disease in dogs. Thus, further research into whole genome sequencing and characterising the virulence factors of S. zooepidemicus is warranted in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli R Mangano
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
| | - Gareth M C Jones
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Suarez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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Mangas-Moro A, Zamarrón E, Carpio C, Álvarez-Sala R, Arribas-López JR, Prados C. Influenza vaccination mitigates severe complications in hospitalized patients: A ten-year observational study, Spain, 2009-2019. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:563-569. [PMID: 38007099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza epidemics annually impact a substantial portion of adults worldwide, leading to numerous hospitalizations and fatalities. While the primary goal of vaccination is to prevent influenza virus infection, breakthrough infections can still occur despite vaccination. Evaluating the vaccine effectiveness in preventing severe cases among hospitalized patients is crucial for enhancing vaccination strategies. METHODS This single-center, observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study analyzed data from 1,357 patients admitted to La Paz University Hospital for influenza infection between 2009 and 2019. Patients' demographics, clinical variables, comorbidities, vaccination status, and influenza-related outcomes were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the vaccine-independent protective effects. RESULTS Influenza vaccination independently prevented severe complications, including pneumonia, bacterial superinfection, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ failure in hospitalized patients (odds ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.47-0.76). Vaccinated patients had significantly lower intensive care unit admission rates (odds ratio = 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.18-0.92). However, there were no significant differences in mortality rates between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients (P = .385). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides robust evidence supporting the influenza vaccine protective effect against severe outcomes in hospitalized patients during epidemic flu. Vaccination is associated with a significant reduction in severe complications and intensive care unit admissions, emphasizing its importance as a preventive measure. Improving vaccination coverage, especially in specific comorbidities and age groups, could further enhance the vaccine effectiveness in preventing severe influenza cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mangas-Moro
- Respiratory Medicine Service, La Paz University Hospital, Autónoma de Madrid University, IdiPAZ, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ester Zamarrón
- Respiratory Medicine Service, La Paz University Hospital, Autónoma de Madrid University, IdiPAZ, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Carpio
- Respiratory Medicine Service, La Paz University Hospital, Autónoma de Madrid University, IdiPAZ, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala
- Respiratory Medicine Service, La Paz University Hospital, Autónoma de Madrid University, IdiPAZ, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Arribas-López
- Internal Medicine Service, Infectious Disease Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Autónoma de Madrid University, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Prados
- Respiratory Medicine Service, La Paz University Hospital, Autónoma de Madrid University, IdiPAZ, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
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Assaf RD, Hamad R, Javanbakht M, Arah OA, Shoptaw SJ, Cooper ZD, Gorbach PM. Associations of U.S. state-level COVID-19 policies intensity with cannabis sharing behaviors in 2020. Harm Reduct J 2024; 21:82. [PMID: 38622670 PMCID: PMC11020667 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-00987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use before the COVID-19 pandemic for many involved sharing prepared cannabis for inhalation, practices that were less prevalent during the pandemic. State-level COVID-19 containment policies may have influenced this decrease. This study examined the extent to which the intensity of state-level COVID-19 policies were associated with individual-level cannabis sharing. Findings have the potential to guide harm reduction policies for future respiratory pandemics and seasonal respiratory virus waves. METHODS This study used cross-sectional individual-level data from the COVID-19 Cannabis Study, an anonymous U.S.-based web survey on cannabis use disseminated during the early phase of the pandemic (Full sample N = 1,883). We combined individual-level data with state-level policy data from Kaiser Family Foundation's State COVID-19 Data and Policy Actions for three time-points from June to August 2020 that overlapped with the survey period. Cannabis sharing was dichotomized as any versus no sharing. We adapted a previously published coding framework to score the intensity of COVID-19 policies implemented in each U.S. state and averaged the policy score across the time period. We then used Poisson regression models to quantify the associations of the average state-level COVID-19 policy score with cannabis sharing during the pandemic. RESULTS Participants (n = 925) reporting using inhalation as a mode for cannabis use were included in this analysis. Most respondents were male (64.1%), non-Hispanic White (54.3%), with a mean age of 33.7 years (SD 8.8). A large proportion (74.9%) reported sharing cannabis during the pandemic. Those who shared cannabis more commonly lived in states with a lower average policy score (16.7, IQR 12.3-21.5) compared to those who did not share (18.6, IQR 15.3-25.3). In adjusted models, the prevalence ratio of any cannabis sharing per every 5-unit increase in the average COVID-19 policy score was 0.97 (95% CI 0.93, 1.01). CONCLUSIONS Fewer individuals shared cannabis in states with more intense COVID-19 containment policies compared to those in states with less intense policies. Individuals who use cannabis may be willing to make changes to their behavior and may further benefit from specific and directed public health messaging to avoid sharing during respiratory infection outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Assaf
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative, Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Rita Hamad
- Department of Medicine, Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative, Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marjan Javanbakht
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Onyebuchi A Arah
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Shoptaw
- Center for Behavioral and Addiction Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ziva D Cooper
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pamina M Gorbach
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Freund R, Sauvain JJ, Suarez G, Wild P, Charreau T, Debatisse A, Sakthithasan K, Jouannique V, Pralong JA, Guseva Canu I. Discriminative potential of exhaled breath condensate biomarkers with respect to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Occup Med Toxicol 2024; 19:10. [PMID: 38576000 PMCID: PMC10993619 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-024-00409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affecting 334 million people in the world remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Proper diagnosis of COPD is still a challenge and largely solely based on spirometric criteria. We aimed to investigate the potential of nitrosative/oxidative stress and related metabolic biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) to discriminate COPD patients. METHODS Three hundred three participants were randomly selected from a 15,000-transit worker cohort within the Respiratory disease Occupational Biomonitoring Collaborative Project (ROBoCoP). COPD was defined using the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria as post-bronchodilator ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1st second to Forced Vital Capacity < 0.7 in spirometry validated by an experienced pulmonologist. Discriminative power of biomarker profiles in EBC was analyzed using linear discriminant analyses. RESULTS Amongst 300 participants with validated spirometry, 50.3% were female, 52.3 years old in average, 36.0% were current smokers, 12.7% ex-smokers with mean tobacco exposure of 15.4 pack-years. Twenty-one participants (7.0%) were diagnosed as COPD, including 19 new diagnoses, 12 of which with a mild COPD stage (GOLD 1). Amongst 8 biomarkers measured in EBC, combination of 2 biomarkers, Lactate and Malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly discriminated COPD subjects from non-COPD, with a 71%-accuracy, area under the receiver curve of 0.78 (p-value < 0.001), and a negative predictive value of 96%. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the potential of biomarkers in EBC, in particular lactate and MDA, to discriminate COPD patients even at a mild or moderate stage. These EBC biomarkers present a non-invasive and drugless technique, which can improve COPD diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Freund
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Suarez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Charreau
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Jacques A Pralong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- SwissMedPro Health Services, Geneva, Switzerland
- Hôpital de La Tour, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Xiao N, Xu H, Morani AH, Shokri A, Mukalazi H. Exploring local and global stability of COVID-19 through numerical schemes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7960. [PMID: 38575651 PMCID: PMC10995177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory sensitivity and pneumonia are possible outcomes of the coronavirus (COVID-19). Surface characteristics like temperature and sunshine affect how long the virus survives. This research article analyzes COVID-19 mathematical model behavior based on symptomatic and non-symptomatic individuals. In the reproductive model, the best result indicates the intensity of the epidemic. Our model remained stable at a certain point under controlled conditions after we evaluated a specific element. This approach is in place of traditional approaches such as Euler's and Runge-Kutta's. An unusual numerical approach known as the non-standard finite difference (NSFD) scheme is used in this article. This numerical approach gives us positivity. A dependable numerical analysis allowed us to evaluate different approaches and verify our theoretical results. Unlike the widely used Euler and RK4 approaches, we investigated the benefits of implementing NSFD schemes. By numerically simulating COVID-19 in a variety of scenarios, we demonstrated how our theoretical concepts work. The simulation findings support the usefulness of both approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiao
- School of Information and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen, 333403, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- School of Information and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen, 333403, China
| | - Amjid Hussain Morani
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Numerical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, KPK, Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 83111-55181, Iran
| | - Ali Shokri
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Numerical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, KPK, Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 83111-55181, Iran
| | - Herbert Mukalazi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda.
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Rudilla D, Alonso T, García E, Pérez P, Valenzuela C, Girón R, Zamora E, Soriano J, Landete P, Ancochea J. Psychometric Validation of the Patient-Reported Experience Measure (PREM) Questionnaire "HowRwe" in Patients With Respiratory Disease Receiving Home Respiratory Therapies. Open Respir Arch 2024; 6:100304. [PMID: 38496265 PMCID: PMC10943053 DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2024.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The patient experience is defined as all the interactions that occur between patients and the healthcare system. The experience of patients with respiratory disease with home respiratory treatments (HRT) is not captured in currently available Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROM). We present the psychometric validation of the Patient-Reported Experience Measure (PREM) 'HowRwe' in Spanish and for respiratory patients with HRT. Methods After translation following ISPOR guidelines (International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research), the questionnaire was administered to adult respiratory patients who were receiving treatment at Hospital Universitario de La Princesa. The administration was done in two stages with 6 months of difference between the pre- and post-test. Results We studied 228 respiratory patients, with a mean (SD) age of 64.1 (13.2) years, 52.2% were men, 68.0% were married or coupled, and 56.6% were retired. Reliability coefficients of the scale were adequate, with α = .921 and Ω = .929 for pre-test, and α = .940 and Ω = .958 for post. The confirmatory factor analysis tested for pre- and post-intervention, showed an excellent overall fit: χ2(2) = 49.380 (p < .001), CFI = .941 and SRMR = .072; and χ2(2) = 37.579 (p < .001), CFI = .982 and SRMR = .046, respectively. No statistically significant associations were observed for neither age, adherence nor quality of life, except between HowRwe post-test and quality of life pre-test (r = .14 [.01,.26]; p = .035). No significant differences were found in sociodemographic variables. No differences in pre-test or post-test were found in effect of HRT. 85.6% of patients found the content of HowRwe "Useful", and the preferred channel to respond it were paper, app and email. Conclusions The Spanish version of the 'HowRwe' questionnaire to measure the experience in respiratory patients with home respiratory treatments (HRT), has adequate psychometric properties and conceptual and semantic equivalence with the original English version.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rudilla
- Air Liquide Healthcare, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Rosa Girón
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Spain
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Calder AD, Perucca G, Johnson SM, Pandey AR, Moshal K, Kusters MA. Lung infections in immunocompromised children. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:530-547. [PMID: 37589764 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary infection is the leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in children with immune defects. We provide a comprehensive review of lung infections in immunocompromised children, with a focus on imaging findings and imaging-based management. We include an overview of the immune defences of the respiratory tract, the aetiologies of immune defects in children, the features of specific infections and important differential diagnoses and describe diagnostic strategies using imaging and non-imaging-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair D Calder
- Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | - Giulia Perucca
- Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Sarah May Johnson
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ashwin R Pandey
- Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Karyn Moshal
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maaike A Kusters
- Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Baldursdottir S, Gunnarsdottir K, Donaldsson S, Jonsson B, Drevhammar T. Skin-to-skin stabilisation and uninterrupted respiratory support for preterm infants after birth: feasibility of a new and simplified rPAP system. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2024:fetalneonatal-2023-326409. [PMID: 38514168 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rPAP respiratory support system, used for delivery room stabilisation with nasal prongs, has been shown to reduce the need for intubation in extremely preterm infants. A simplified version of the system has been developed. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of providing uninterrupted respiratory support with the simplified rPAP from birth up to 4 hours of life and to assess ease of use for skin-to skin stabilisation. METHODS This was a non-randomised feasibility study conducted at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden. Respiratory support with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and positive pressure ventilation if needed was given with the simplified rPAP using heated humidified gases. Respiratory support was provided in the delivery room, during transportation and in the neonatal unit, for a maximum of 4 hours. RESULTS 32 preterm infants with a mean (SD) gestational age of 33.4 weeks (±1.2) were included. Of 17 infants born vaginally, 13 were stabilised skin-to-skin. The remaining infants were stabilised on a resuscitation table. All infants received CPAP and nine received positive pressure ventilation. 31 infants received continued support during transport and after arrival in the neonatal unit. Minor interruptions in CPAP support occurred in all infants. The study did not reveal problems with usability of the system. CONCLUSION It is feasible to stabilise preterm infants with the simplified respiratory support system both skin-to-skin and on a resuscitation table, and to provide continued respiratory support with the same system during transportation and in the neonatal unit. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04244890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Baldursdottir
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kolbrun Gunnarsdottir
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Snorri Donaldsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Icelandic State University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Baldvin Jonsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Drevhammar
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology, Östersunds sjukhus, Ostersund, Sweden
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9
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Silva F, Garcês A, Fontes P, Outor-Monteiro D, Mourão JL, Pires I. A case report and review of the literature on swine hemorrhagic tracheitis syndrome in a Portuguese farm. Open Vet J 2024; 14:926-929. [PMID: 38682145 PMCID: PMC11052613 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory diseases, including the multifactorial "swine respiratory disease complex," have a significant impact on swine production. Recently, a condition manifesting primarily in the trachea, known as hemorrhagic tracheitis syndrome (HTS), has been described in pigs. HTS is characterized by severe coughing and high mortality in finishing pigs. Case Description This report presents the first case of HTS in an adult male pig from a Portuguese farm. The animal died without any previous clinical signs. Necropsy revealed significant thickening of the trachea. Fibrinous necrotic hemorrhagic tracheitis was identified through histopathological analysis, but no bacterial infectious agents were detected during microbiological examination. Conclusion This case underscores the need for comprehensive research, including systematic necropsies and histopathological assessments, to understand the actual prevalence of the disease, elucidate the etiology, and develop effective interventions for HTS in swine productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Andreia Garcês
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paulo Fontes
- Centro de Exploração Agropecuária (CEGA), University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Divanildo Outor-Monteiro
- Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Luis Mourão
- Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centro de Exploração Agropecuária (CEGA), University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Otth M, Kasteler R, Mulder RL, Agrusa J, Armenian SH, Barnea D, Bergeron A, Bhatt NS, Bourke SJ, Constine LS, Goutaki M, Green DM, Hennewig U, Houdouin V, Hudson MM, Kremer L, Latzin P, Ng A, Oeffinger KC, Schindera C, Skinner R, Sommer G, Srinivasan S, Stokes DC, Versluys B, Waespe N, Weiner DJ, Dietz AC, Kuehni CE. Recommendations for surveillance of pulmonary dysfunction among childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors: a report from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 69:102487. [PMID: 38420219 PMCID: PMC10900250 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancer survivors are at risk of pulmonary dysfunction. Current follow-up care guidelines are discordant. Therefore, the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group established and convened a panel of 33 experts to develop evidence-based surveillance guidelines. We critically reviewed available evidence regarding risk factors for pulmonary dysfunction, types of pulmonary function testing, and timings of surveillance, then we formulated our recommendations. We recommend that CAYA cancer survivors and healthcare providers are aware of reduced pulmonary function risks and pay vigilant attention to potential symptoms of pulmonary dysfunction, especially among survivors treated with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, thoracic radiotherapy, and thoracic surgery. Based on existing limited evidence and current lack of interventions, our panel recommends pulmonary function testing only for symptomatic survivors. Since scarce existing evidence informs our recommendation, we highlight the need for prospective collaborative studies to address pulmonary function knowledge gaps among CAYA cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Otth
- Department of Oncology, Haematology, Immunology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Somatic Gene Therapy, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Center, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Kasteler
- Department of Oncology, Haematology, Immunology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Somatic Gene Therapy, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Center, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Renée L. Mulder
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Agrusa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Dana Barnea
- Department of Hematology and Department of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anne Bergeron
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Neel S. Bhatt
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen J. Bourke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Louis S. Constine
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Myrofora Goutaki
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel M. Green
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ulrike Hennewig
- University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Melissa M. Hudson
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Leontien Kremer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Philipp Latzin
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antony Ng
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Kevin C. Oeffinger
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christina Schindera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roderick Skinner
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology/Oncology, Great North Children's Hospital and Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Grit Sommer
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Saumini Srinivasan
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dennis C. Stokes
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Birgitta Versluys
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Waespe
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- CANSEARCH Research Platform for Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J. Weiner
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Claudia E. Kuehni
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Fattore G, Pongiglione B, Vezzosi L. Excess hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality associated with seasonal influenza in Italy: a 11-year retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:227. [PMID: 38378487 PMCID: PMC10877853 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza and flu-like syndromes are difficult to monitor because the symptoms are not specific, laboratory tests are not routinely performed, and diagnosis codes are often lacking or incompletely registered in medical records. This may result in an underestimation of hospital admissions, associated costs, and in-hospital mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the public health and economic burden of hospitalisations associated with influenza in Italy, at the national and regional levels. METHODS This 11-year retrospective study included patients admitted to hospitals for influenza or diagnoses associated with influenza (including respiratory and cardiocirculatory conditions) from 2008/09 to 2018/19. Data on hospitalisations were extracted from the Italian Hospital Discharge Records. Information on weekly influenza-like syndrome incidence and weekly average temperature were used to estimate the burden of influenza in terms of hospital admissions in every Italian region and for different age groups by applying a negative binomial model. The model was also applied to estimate in-hospital mortality and the total costs of influenza and influenza-like hospital admissions. RESULTS Over the study period, in addition to 3,970 average seasonal admissions coded as influenza, we estimated an average of 21,500 excess hospitalization associated with influenza per season, which corresponds to 36.4 cases per 100,000. Most of the excess hospitalisations concerned older individuals (> 65 years) and children (0-4 years) with 86 and 125 cases per 100,000, respectively. Large variations were observed across regions. Overall, the total estimated hospital burden associated with influenza (including respiratory and cardiocirculatory conditions) was approximately €123 m per year. While the in-hospital mortality for admissions with a primary diagnosis of influenza was very low (~ 150 cases per season), cases increased dramatically for primary diagnoses of influenza and pneumonia (about 9,500 cases per season). The average seasonal in-hospital deaths attributable to influenza were equal to 2,775 cases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a remarkable underestimation of the burden of influenza, mostly in the older population but not neglectable in younger individuals. Our results may aid the management of current and future flu seasons and should be used for policy making (e.g., vaccine strategies) and operation management choices (e.g., planning and staffing beds during influenza peaks). Overall, the present study supports the need for increased testing for influenza in Italy to tackle the current underestimation of influenza burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Fattore
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
- SDA Bocconi School of Management, Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pongiglione
- SDA Bocconi School of Management, Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi Vezzosi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Prevention, Prevention of Infectious Diseases Unit, Health Protection Agency Val Padana, Mantua, Italy
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12
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Mehta JS, Pahys JM, Saad A, Sponseller P, Andras L, Marks D, Poon S, Klineberg E, White KK, Helenius I, Welborn M, Redding G. Paediatric syndromic scoliosis: proceedings of the half-day course at the 57th annual meeting of the Scoliosis Research Society. Spine Deform 2024:10.1007/s43390-024-00822-1. [PMID: 38366266 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-024-00822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
There are some syndromes that present with unique manifestations pertaining to the spinal column. A good working understanding of these common syndromes is useful for the spinal deformity surgeons and related healthcare providers. This review attempts to encompass these unique features and discuss them in three broad groups: hypermobility syndromes, muscle pathology-related syndromes, and syndromes related to poor bone quality. This review explores the features of these syndromes underpinning the aspects of surgical and medical management. This review represents the proceedings of the Paediatric Half-Day Course at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Scoliosis Research Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Saad
- Royal Orthopaedics Hospital, Birmingham, England
| | - Paul Sponseller
- Division of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins Medical Centre, Baltimore, USA
| | - Lindsay Andras
- Spine Surgery, Childrens' Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David Marks
- Birmingham Childrens' Hospital, Birmingham, England
| | | | - Eric Klineberg
- Orthopaedics and Spinal Surgery, UT Health, Houston, USA
| | - Klane K White
- Pediatric Orthopaedics, Childrens' Hospital Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Ilkka Helenius
- Paeditric Orthoapedics, University of Turku, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Greg Redding
- Paediatric Pulmonology, Seattle Childrens' Hospital, Seattle, USA
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13
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Watson KE, Lee AL, Dwyer TJ, McKeough ZJ. Applying the treatable traits approach in bronchiectasis-A scoping review of traits, measurements and treatments implemented by allied health professionals and nurses. Respir Med 2024; 222:107503. [PMID: 38141863 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using treatable traits as a management approach in bronchiectasis involves determining identifiable, clinically relevant, measurable and treatable problems to develop a management strategy in collaboration with the patient. OBJECTIVE To identify new treatable traits not previously reported in the literature and treatment strategies for new and existing traits that could be implemented in an outpatient clinic or community setting by an allied health professional or nurse in adults with bronchiectasis. METHODS A scoping review was conducted with searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PsycInfo. The search yielded 9963 articles with 255 articles proceeding to full text review and 114 articles included for data extraction. RESULTS Sixteen new traits were identified, including fatigue (number of studies with new trait (n) = 13), physical inactivity (n = 13), reduced peripheral muscle power and/or strength (n = 12), respiratory muscle weakness (n = 9) and sedentarism (n = 6). The main treatment strategies for new and existing traits were airway clearance therapy (number of citations (n) = 86), pulmonary rehabilitation (n = 58), inspiratory muscle training (n = 20) and nebulised saline (n = 12). CONCLUSION This review identifies several new traits in bronchiectasis and highlights the common treatments for new and existing traits that can be implemented in a treatable traits approach in an outpatient clinic or community setting by an allied health professional or nurse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty E Watson
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Allied Health, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Australia.
| | - Annemarie L Lee
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Tiffany J Dwyer
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zoe J McKeough
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Kim M, Parrish RC, Shah VS, Ross M, Cormier J, Baig A, Huang CY, Brenner L, Neuringer I, Whiteson K, Harris JK, Willis AD, Lai PS. Host DNA depletion on frozen human respiratory samples enables successful metagenomic sequencing for microbiome studies. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3638876. [PMID: 38343829 PMCID: PMC10854296 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3638876/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Most respiratory microbiome studies have focused on amplicon rather than metagenomics sequencing due to high host DNA content. We evaluated efficacy of five host DNA depletion methods on previously frozen human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), nasal swabs, and sputum prior to metagenomic sequencing. Results Median sequencing depth was 76.4 million reads per sample. Untreated nasal, sputum and BAL samples had 94.1%, 99.2%, and 99.7% host-reads. The effect of host depletion differed by sample type. Most treatment methods increased microbial reads, species richness and predicted functional richness; the increase in species and predicted functional richness was mediated by higher effective sequencing depth. For BAL and nasal samples, most methods did not change Morisita-Horn dissimilarity suggesting limited bias introduced by host depletion. Conclusions Metagenomics sequencing without host depletion will underestimate microbial diversity of most respiratory samples due to shallow effective sequencing depth and is not recommended. Optimal host depletion methods vary by sample type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsik Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | - Raymond C Parrish
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Viral S Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Matthew Ross
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Juwan Cormier
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Aribah Baig
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; College of Science, Northeastern University
| | - Ching-Ying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Laura Brenner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | - Isabel Neuringer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Katrine Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California
| | - J Kirk Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Amy D Willis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health
| | - Peggy S Lai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
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15
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Cooper L, Johnston K, Williams M. Physiotherapy-led, community-based airway clearance services for people with chronic lung conditions: a retrospective descriptive evaluation of an existing model of care. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:98. [PMID: 38238725 PMCID: PMC10795339 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Airway clearance interventions are recommended for people with chronic lung conditions and mucus hypersecretion, but there are few published models of care or descriptions of airway clearance service provision. This evaluation describes a dedicated, physiotherapy-led, community-based airway clearance service in a metropolitan local health network. DESIGN Retrospective evaluation using existing airway clearance service administrative database. PARTICIPANTS All first referrals to the airway clearance service in a 5-year period (1/1/2017 to 31/12/2021). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Available service data grouped into four domains: participant demographics, referral demographics, service provision and outcomes. RESULTS Of the 1335 first referrals eligible for inclusion, 1157 (87%) people attended. Bronchiectasis was the commonest condition (n = 649/1135, 49%). A total of 2996 occasions of service (face to face clinic n = 2108, 70%, phone n = 736, 25%, telehealth n = 99, 3%, home visit n = 53, 2%) were delivered. Airway clearance devices frequently prescribed were the Aerobika (525/1157, 45%), bubble-positive expiratory pressure (263/1157, 23%) and the Acapella (127/1157, 11%). On average, initial appointment with the airway clearance service occurred within 36 days of referral and people attended the service three times. Individuals voluntarily completed both pre/post service questionnaires around a third of the time. At least half of responders reported an improvement in respiratory symptom outcome measures consistent with the minimum clinically important difference. CONCLUSIONS This evaluation describes an airway clearance service as it exists, providing an example from which airway clearance services can be planned, implemented and improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cooper
- Innovation, IMPlementation And Clinical Translation in Health (IIMPACT), University of South Australia, Allied Health and Human Performance, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
- Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Respiratory GP Plus Out of Hospital Services, Noarlunga GP Plus Super Clinic, Alexander Kelly Drive, Adelaide, South Australia, 5168, Australia.
| | - Kylie Johnston
- Innovation, IMPlementation And Clinical Translation in Health (IIMPACT), University of South Australia, Allied Health and Human Performance, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Marie Williams
- Innovation, IMPlementation And Clinical Translation in Health (IIMPACT), University of South Australia, Allied Health and Human Performance, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
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16
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Kessani VK, Hemani F, Ali I, Memon S, Soomro A, Zaheer R, Das JK, Haque KN, Ali SR. Heated and humidified high flow therapy (HHHFT) in extreme and very preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS): a retrospective cohort from a tertiary care setting in Pakistan. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e002158. [PMID: 38216310 PMCID: PMC10806496 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of heated humidified high flow therapy (HHHFT) as primary respiratory support in spontaneously breathing moderate-late, very and extreme preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) at a tertiary care hospital from a developing country. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Neonatal intensive care unit of Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan. PATIENTS All preterm neonates with RDS and who received HHHFT as primary respiratory support were included retrospectively, while neonates with orofacial anomalies, congenital heart and lung diseases other than RDS, abdominal wall defects, encephalopathy, congenital pneumonia and received continuous positive airway pressure or invasive ventilation were excluded. INTERVENTIONS HHHFT as primary respiratory support for RDS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effectiveness, duration, failure rate and complications of HHHFT as a primary respiratory support in moderate-late, very and extremely preterm neonates were evaluated. RESULTS The cohort included 138 neonates during a period of 12 months. The median gestational age was 32 weeks, and the median birth weight was 1607 g. Grade 1-2 RDS was seen in 97%, surfactant instillation was done in 10.8% and HHHFT was provided in all the neonates as primary respiratory support. The total duration of HHHFT support was <1 week in 94% of neonates. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pneumothorax until discharge or death were observed in one neonate, haemodynamically significant Patent Ductus Artriosus (HsPDA) in two neonates and intraventricular haemorrhage Grade ≥2 in five neonates, while only one neonate died. CONCLUSION This study appears to show that HHHFT is a simple, safe, efficient and cheap mode of primary respiratory support that can be given to spontaneously breathing moderate-late, very and extremely preterm neonates with RDS, especially in low- or middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatima Hemani
- Pediatric Medicine, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqrar Ali
- Neonatology, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sana Memon
- Neonatology, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Albar Soomro
- Pediatric Medicine, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rija Zaheer
- Pediatric Medicine, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jai K Das
- Institute of global health and development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Khalid N Haque
- Department of Neonatology, university of child health sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Rehan Ali
- Sindh Institute of Child Health and Neonatology, Karachi, Pakistan
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17
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Morton LC, Paton CD, Merry T, Braakhuis AJ. Effects of 7-day polyphenol powder supplementation on cycling performance and lung function in an ozone-polluted environment. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:343-352. [PMID: 37517068 PMCID: PMC10786979 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polluted environments can adversely affect lung function and exercise performance. Evidence suggests that some nutrient supplements may offset pollution's detrimental effects. This study examined the effect of polyphenol supplementation on lung function and exercise performance in an ozone-polluted environment. METHODS Ten male cyclists (mean ± SD: age, 43.8 ± 12.4 years; height, 177.8 ± 7.1 cm; weight, 76.03 ± 7.88 kg; VO2max 4.12 ± 0.72 L min-1) initially completed a baseline maximal incremental test and maximal effort 4 km time trial in ambient air. Thereafter cyclists completed two trials in an ozone-polluted environment (0.25 ppm) following seven days of supplementation with either polyphenol (PB) or placebo (PL). Experimental trials consisted of a three-stage submaximal test (50%, 60% and 70% incremental peak power) followed by a 4 km time trial. Lung function was measured pre- and post-exercise via spirometry and adverse respiratory symptoms with a Likert scale. RESULTS Ozone exposure significantly reduced (p < 0.05) lung function relative to ambient air. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in measured variables across the three submaximal intensities. There was a small (d = 0.31) non-significant difference (p = 0.09) in 4 km performance in PB (406.43 ± 50.29 s) vs. PL (426.20 ± 75.06 s). Oxygen consumption during the time trial was greater in PB (3.49 ± 0.71 L min-1) vs PL (3.32 ± 0.71 L min-1, p = 0.01, d = 0.24). Cough severity (SOC) was lower (p = 0.03) with PB relative to PL. CONCLUSION PB supplementation may provide small benefits to performance and reduce cough symptoms during high-intensity exercise in ozone-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian C Morton
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Carl D Paton
- School of Health and Sport Science, The Eastern Institute of Technology, Napier, New Zealand
| | - Troy Merry
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea J Braakhuis
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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18
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Peñailillo L, Miranda-Fuentes C, Gutiérrez S, García-Vicencio S, Jannas-Vela S, Acevedo CC, Peñailillo RS. Systemic Inflammation but not Oxidative Stress Is Associated with Physical Performance in Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2024; 1450:121-130. [PMID: 37548871 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients manifest muscle dysfunction and impaired muscle oxidative capacity, which result in reduced exercise capacity and poor health status. The aim of this study was to compare the physical performance, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress of patients with moderate COPD, and to associate physical performance with inflammatory and oxidative stress plasma markers. Twenty CONTROL (n = 10) and moderate COPD (n = 10) patients participated in this study. Systematic inflammation and oxidative stress plasma markers, maximal aerobic capacity (VO2peak), and maximal isometric strength (MVIC) of the knee extensor (KE) muscles were measured. VO2peak was 31.3% greater in CONTROL compared to COPD (P = 0.006). The MVIC strength of the KE was 43.9% greater in CONTROL compared to COPD (P = 0.002). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was 79.6% greater in COPD compared to CONTROL (P < 0.001). Glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) activity was 27.5% lesser in COPD compared to CONTROL (P = 0.05). TNF-α concentration was correlated with KE MVC strength (R = -0.48; P = 0.045) and VO2peak (R = -0.58; P = 0.01). Meanwhile, malondialdehyde (MDA) and GPx activity were not associated with KE strength or VO2peak (P = 0.74 and P = 0.14, respectively). COPD patients showed lesser muscle strength and aerobic capacity than healthy control individuals. Furthermore, patients with COPD showed greater systemic inflammation and lesser antioxidant capacity than healthy counterparts. A moderate association was evident between levels of systemic inflammation and physical performance variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Peñailillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Miranda-Fuentes
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Gutiérrez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián García-Vicencio
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
- Human Motion Analysis, Humanfab, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Cristian Campos Acevedo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reyna S Peñailillo
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
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19
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Smith JL, Chung Y, Barron J, Barlows T, Nepal B, Carstens D. Exacerbations, treatment patterns, utilization, and costs before and after initiating of benralizumab for the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma. J Asthma 2023:1-14. [PMID: 38054593 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2289169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the number of exacerbations, counts of eosinophils, and asthma-related symptoms one year before and after initiating benralizumab for the treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma.MethodsPatients with prior exacerbations and newly initiating benralizumab were identified in the claims-based Healthcare Integrated Research Database. Claims were used to assess benralizumab treatment patterns, exacerbations, healthcare resource utilization, and other asthma medication used. Among a subset of patients, medical records were abstracted for Asthma Control Test scores and asthma symptoms.ResultsThere were 506 patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria for claims-based analyses and 123 for medical-record analyses. The number of patients experiencing exacerbations significantly decreased from baseline to follow-up (40% reduction, McNemar's χ2 = 204.00, p < 0.001). The mean number of exacerbations also decreased from 3.2 (1.5) to 1.2 (1.4) (paired t = 24.45, p <0.001; Cohen's D = 1.09). The effects were larger among patients with eosinophils ≥300 cells/µL. Among patients with an Asthma Control Test available for baseline and follow-up (n = 47), there was a significant reduction in the number of patients with scores <19 (72% vs 45%, p < 0.01). ConclusionsTreatment with benralizumab resulted in fewer exacerbations, reduced utilization, and improved ACT scores. This study demonstrates that benralizumab is an effective treatment option for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen Chung
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | | | - Bal Nepal
- Carelon Research, Wilmington, DE, USA
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20
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Arfin T, Pillai AM, Mathew N, Tirpude A, Bang R, Mondal P. An overview of atmospheric aerosol and their effects on human health. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:125347-125369. [PMID: 37674064 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29652-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic investigations have previously been published in more than 200 papers, and several studies have examined the impacts of particle air pollution on health. The main conclusions now being made about the epidemiological evidence of particle pollution-induced health impacts are discussed in this article. Although there is no universal agreement, most reviewers conclude that particulate air pollution, particularly excellent combustion-cause contamination prevalent in many municipal and manufacturing environments, is a significant risk for cardiopulmonary sickness and mortality. Most epidemiological research has concentrated on the impacts of acute exposure, although the total public health implications of chronic acquaintance's outcome may be more extraordinarily significant. According to some reviewers, prolonged, repeated exposure raises the risk of cardiorespiratory death and chronic respiratory illness. A more general (but still universal) agreement is that short-term particle pollution exposure has been shown to aggravate pre-existing pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and increase the number of community members who become sick, require medical treatment, or die. Several in-depth studies conducted in the global and Indian regions are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Arfin
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Anupama M Pillai
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Nikhila Mathew
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Abha Tirpude
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Roshani Bang
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pabitra Mondal
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
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21
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Hollenhorst MI, Husnik T, Zylka M, Duda N, Flockerzi V, Tschernig T, Maxeiner S, Krasteva-Christ G. Human airway tuft cells influence the mucociliary clearance through cholinergic signalling. Respir Res 2023; 24:267. [PMID: 37925434 PMCID: PMC10625704 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway tuft cells, formerly called brush cells have long been described only morphologically in human airways. More recent RNAseq studies described a chemosensory cell population, which includes tuft cells, by a distinct gene transcription signature. Yet, until which level in the tracheobronchial tree in native human airway epithelium tuft cells occur and if they function as regulators of innate immunity, e.g., by regulating mucociliary clearance, remained largely elusive. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and immunoblotting analyses for various tuft cell markers to confirm the presence of this cell type in human tracheal samples. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to study the distribution of tuft cells along the intrapulmonary airways in humans. We assessed the influence of bitter substances and the taste transduction pathway on mucociliary clearance in mouse and human tracheal samples by measuring particle transport speed. RESULTS Tuft cells identified by the expression of their well-established marker POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3) were present from the trachea to the bronchioles. We identified choline acetyltransferase in POU2F3 expressing cells as well as the transient receptor potential melastatin 5 (TRPM5) channel in a small population of tracheal epithelial cells with morphological appearance of tuft cells. Application of bitter substances, such as denatonium, led to an increase in mucociliary clearance in human tracheal preparations. This was dependent on activation of the TRPM5 channel and involved cholinergic and nitric oxide signalling, indicating a functional role for human tuft cells in the regulation of mucociliary clearance. CONCLUSIONS We were able to detect tuft cells in the tracheobronchial tree down to the level of the bronchioles. Moreover, taste transduction and cholinergic signalling occur in the same cells and regulate mucociliary clearance. Thus, tuft cells are potentially involved in the regulation of innate immunity in human airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Husnik
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Malin Zylka
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nele Duda
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Preclinical Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Maxeiner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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22
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Li S, Dong L, Zhi L. Tracheobronchomegaly: A rare but easily misdiagnosed disease. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:5314-5315. [PMID: 37543455 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zibo Zhangdian District People's Hospital, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Lili Zhi
- Department of Allergy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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23
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Freund O, Breslavsky A, Fried S, Givoli-Vilensky R, Cohen-Rubin S, Zacks N, Kleinhendler E, Unterman A, Frydman S, Wand O, Bilenko N, Bar-Shai A. Interactions and clinical implications of serological and respiratory variables 3 months after acute COVID-19. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3729-3736. [PMID: 37479879 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Medical follow-up of symptomatic patients after acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in major burdens on patients and healthcare systems. The value of serological markers as part of this follow-up remains undetermined. We aimed to evaluate the clinical implications of serological markers for follow-up of acute COVID-19. For this purpose, we conducted an observational cohort study of patients 3 months after acute COVID-19. Participants visited a respiratory-clinic between October 2020 and March 2021, and completed pulmonary function tests (PFTs), serological tests, symptom-related questionnaires, and chest CT scans. Overall, 275 patients were included at a median of 82 days (IQR 64-111) post infection. 162 (59%) patients had diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for hemoglobin (DLCOc) below 80%, and 69 (25%) had bilateral chest abnormalities on CT scan. In multivariate analysis, anti-S levels were an independent predictor for DLCOc (β = - 0.14, p = 0.036). Anti-S levels were also associated with severe COVID-19 and older age, and correlated with anti-nucleocapsid (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and antibodies to receptor binding domain (RBD, r = 0.37, p < 0.001). Other serological variables were not associated with clinical outcomes. In conclusion, symptomatic patients 3-months after COVID-19 had high respiratory symptomatic burden, in which anti-S levels were significantly associated with previous severe COVID-19 and DLCOc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophir Freund
- The Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Waizman 6, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Anna Breslavsky
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sabrina Fried
- The Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Waizman 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Shira Cohen-Rubin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nadav Zacks
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Kleinhendler
- The Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Waizman 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avraham Unterman
- The Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Waizman 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shir Frydman
- The Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Waizman 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Wand
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Natalya Bilenko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Medical Office of Southern District, Ministry of Health, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Amir Bar-Shai
- The Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Waizman 6, Tel Aviv, Israel
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24
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Hamdar H, Nahle AA, Jawad A, Sikaria A, Alisame K, Abbas N. A unique case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration in an elderly patient: A case report. Respir Med Case Rep 2023; 46:101934. [PMID: 37920362 PMCID: PMC10618754 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by non-functional lung tissue receiving blood supply from an abnormal source. PS is typically diagnosed in young individuals but is uncommon in the elderly. This abstract describes a case of PS in a 62-year-old male patient presenting with recurrent fever, chronic cough, and difficulty breathing. Imaging revealed abnormal lung tissue disconnected from the bronchial tree, with blood supply from the descending thoracic aorta. Surgical intervention successfully treated the condition. The case emphasizes the need to consider PS as a possible diagnosis, even in older patients, and suggests further research into its possible etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Jawad
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Syria
| | | | - Komai Alisame
- MD in Thoracic Surgery, Alassad University Hospital, Damascus, Syria
| | - Nizar Abbas
- PhD in Thoracic Surgery, Head Department in Alassad University Hospital, Damascus, Syria
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25
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López AR, Martins EB, de Pina-Costa A, Pacheco-Silva AB, Ferreira MT, Mamani RF, Detepo PJT, Lupi O, Bressan CS, Calvet GA, Silva MFB, de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz M, de Bruycker-Nogueira F, Filippis AMB, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Siqueira A, Brasil P. A fatal respiratory complication of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax. Malar J 2023; 22:303. [PMID: 37814260 PMCID: PMC10563287 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is endemic and represents an important public health issue in Brazil. Knowledge of risk factors for disease progression represents an important step in preventing and controlling malaria-related complications. Reports of severe forms of Plasmodium vivax malaria are now becoming a common place, but respiratory complications are described in less than 3% of global literature on severe vivax malaria. CASE PRESENTATION A severe respiratory case of imported vivax malaria in a previously healthy 40-year-old woman has been reported. The patient died after the fifth day of treatment with chloroquine and primaquine due to acute respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory symptoms started 48 h after the initiation of anti-malarial drugs, raising the hypothesis that the drugs may have been involved in the genesis of the complication. The concept that vivax malaria is a benign disease that can sometimes result in the development of serious complications must be disseminated. This report highlights, once more, the crucial importance of malaria early diagnosis, a true challenge in non-endemic areas, where health personnel are not familiar with the disease and do not consider its diagnosis promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie R. López
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ezequias B. Martins
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária da Fiocruz e da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Anielle de Pina-Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária da Fiocruz e da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Marcel T. Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roxana F. Mamani
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária da Fiocruz e da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Paula J. T. Detepo
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otilia Lupi
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária da Fiocruz e da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Clarisse S. Bressan
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária da Fiocruz e da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A. Calvet
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária da Fiocruz e da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Michele F. B. Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária da Fiocruz e da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária da Fiocruz e da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária da Fiocruz e da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900 Brazil
| | - André Siqueira
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Patrícia Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900 Brazil
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26
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Behrens R, Dutschmann M, Trewella M, Mazzone SB, Moe AAK. Regulation of vagally-evoked respiratory responses by the lateral parabrachial nucleus in the mouse. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 316:104141. [PMID: 37597796 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Vagal sensory inputs to the brainstem can alter breathing through the modulation of pontomedullary respiratory circuits. In this study, we set out to investigate the localised effects of modulating lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) activity on vagally-evoked changes in breathing pattern. In isoflurane-anaesthetised and instrumented mice, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (eVNS) produced stimulation frequency-dependent changes in diaphragm electromyograph (dEMG) activity with an evoked tachypnoea and apnoea at low and high stimulation frequencies, respectively. Muscimol microinjections into the LPB significantly attenuated eVNS-evoked respiratory rate responses. Notably, muscimol injections reaching the caudal LPB, previously unrecognised for respiratory modulation, potently modulated eVNS-evoked apnoea, whilst muscimol injections reaching the intermediate LPB selectively modulated the eVNS-evoked tachypnoea. The effects of muscimol on eVNS-evoked breathing rate changes occurred without altering basal eupneic breathing. These results highlight novel roles for the LPB in regulating vagally-evoked respiratory reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Behrens
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mathias Dutschmann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Trewella
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart B Mazzone
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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27
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Hull JH, Williams Z, Wootten M, Ranson C, Heron N. Recovery from COVID-19 in athletes and impact on sporting participation. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:528-529. [PMID: 37598098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Insight regarding the impact of COVID-19 on return to sporting participation is a key issue for many athletes. We report time-loss following respiratory tract infection (RTI), over the pandemic, in UK athletes preparing for international competition. During the study, 566 athletes developed COVID-19 and 217 developed other causes of RTI. Time-loss from COVID-19 reduced from a median (interquartile range) of 27 days (13- 40) in April-June 2020 to 10 days (8-13) from October-December 2022 (P<0.001). There was no change in time-loss following RTi (P=0.13). The time-loss period following COVID-19 has shortened over the pandemic. Further work is needed to explore why some athletes still have prolonged sporting time-loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hull
- English Institute of Sport, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, UK; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health (ISEH), Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK.
| | - Z Williams
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, UK
| | | | | | - N Heron
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, UK; School of Medicine, Keele University, UK
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28
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Ji Y, Yuan H, Chen Y, Zhang X, Wu F, Tang W, Lu Z, Huang C. Sugammadex Is Associated With Reduced Pulmonary Complications in Patients With Respiratory Dysfunction. J Surg Res 2023; 290:133-140. [PMID: 37267702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of sugammadex is associated with fewer postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). This study investigated the relationship between sugammadex and PPCs in specific patients with respiratory dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the electronic medical and anesthesia records of patients with respiratory dysfunction who underwent laparoscopic gastric or intestinal surgery at a single center between May 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019. The patients were divided into the sugammadex group and the nonsugammadex group, based on whether they received sugammadex or neostigmine. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to characterize the differences in incidence of PPC. RESULTS A total of 112 patients were included, of which 46 patients (41.1%) received sugammadex. In the logistic regression analysis, the incidences of PPC were fewer in the sugammadex group. Postoperative fever (odds ratio [OR] 0.330; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.137-0.793, P = 0.0213), postoperative intensive care unit admission (OR 0.204; 95% CI 0.065-0.644, P = 0.007), cough (OR 0.143; 95% CI 0.061- 0.333, P < 0.001), pleural effusion (all) (OR: 0.280; 95% CI 0.104- 0.759, P = 0.012), pleural effusion (massive) (OR: 0.142; 95% CI 0.031- 0.653, P = 0.012), and difficulty in breathing (OR: 0.111; 95% CI 0.014-0.849, P = 0.039) showed significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Sugammadex is associated with a reduction in PPC in patients with respiratory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xincai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zihui Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changshun Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Jin XEF, Low DY, Ang L, Lu L, Yin X, Tan YQ, Lee AKY, Seow WJ. Exposure to cooking fumes is associated with perturbations in nasal microbiota composition: A pilot study. Environ Res 2023; 234:116392. [PMID: 37302739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the leading causes of overall mortality globally. Cooking emissions are a major source of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, studies on their potential perturbations on the nasal microbiota as well as their association with respiratory health are lacking. This pilot study aims to assess the environmental air quality among occupational cooks and its associations with nasal microbiota and respiratory symptoms. A total of 20 cooks (exposed) and 20 unexposed controls (mainly office workers), were recruited in Singapore from 2019 to 2021. Information on sociodemographic factors, cooking methods, and self-reported respiratory symptoms were collected using a questionnaire. Personal PM2.5 concentrations and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using portable sensors and filter samplers. DNA was extracted from nasal swabs and sequenced using 16s sequencing. Alpha-diversity and beta-diversity were calculated, and between-group variation analysis of species was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between exposure groups and self-reported respiratory symptoms. Higher daily mean PM2.5 (P = 2 × 10-7) and environmental ROS exposure (P = 3.25 × 10-7) were observed in the exposed group. Alpha diversity of the nasal microbiota between the two groups was not significantly different. However, beta diversity was significantly different (unweighted UniFrac P = 1.11 × 10-5, weighted UniFrac P = 5.42 × 10-6) between the two exposure groups. In addition, certain taxa of bacteria were slightly more abundant in the exposed group compared to unexposed controls. There were no significant associations between the exposure groups and self-reported respiratory symptoms. In summary, the exposed group had higher PM2.5 and ROS exposure levels and altered nasal microbiotas as compared to unexposed controls, though further studies are required to replicate these findings in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Er Frances Jin
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Dorrain Yanwen Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lina Ang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Yin
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yue Qian Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Alex King Yin Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.
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30
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Ghozal M, Kadawathagedara M, Delvert R, Adel-Patient K, Tafflet M, Annesi-Maesano I, Crépet A, Sirot V, Charles MA, Heude B, de Lauzon-Guillain B. Prenatal dietary exposure to chemicals and allergy or respiratory diseases in children in the EDEN mother-child cohort. Environ Int 2023; 180:108195. [PMID: 37734145 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal exposure to food chemicals may increase the risk of allergy and respiratory disorders in offspring. We aimed to assess the association of prenatal dietary exposure to single chemicals and chemical mixtures with allergy or respiratory events reported before age 8 y in children. METHODS We included 1428 mother-child pairs enrolled in the EDEN mother-child cohort. Maternal dietary exposure to 209 chemicals and eight associated mixtures was investigated. Allergic and respiratory diseases (wheezing, asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and food allergy) were reported by parents between birth and age 8 y. Associations with the studied outcomes were evaluated with three approaches based on adjusted logistic regression, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). First, food chemicals were considered individually, with correction for multiple testing. Second, chemicals selected by elastic net regression were considered simultaneously in a multiple exposure model. Third, predefined mixtures were introduced in the same adjusted logistic regression. Results are expressed as odds ratio (OR[95 % CI]). RESULTS Prenatal single exposure to 74 food chemicals was associated with higher risk of allergic rhinitis. Prenatal single exposure to 11 chemicals was associated with higher risk of wheezing. In the multi-exposure approach, risk of wheezing was associated with the pesticides diazinon and triadimenol, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 5-methylchrysene. Phytoestrogen resveratrol was negatively associated with lower risk of both wheezing and allergic rhinitis, and mycotoxin monoacetoxyscirpenol was negatively associated with risk of eczema. Finally, a chemical mixture composed mainly of trace elements, furans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was associated with higher risk of allergic rhinitis (1.33 [1.02;1.73]). CONCLUSION Prenatal dietary exposure to chemicals was associated with risk of allergic rhinitis or wheezing up to age 8 y. A few chemicals were associated with other allergic and respiratory diseases. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Ghozal
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France.
| | - Manik Kadawathagedara
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Rosalie Delvert
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, Équipe d'Épidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | | | - Muriel Tafflet
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Institute Desbrest of Epidemiology and Public Health (IDESP), Montpellier University and INSERM, Montpellier, France, Pneumology, Allergology and Thoracic Oncology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Amélie Crépet
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Risk Assessment Department, Methodology and Studies Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Véronique Sirot
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Risk Assessment Department, Methodology and Studies Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie Aline Charles
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
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Meintjes WA, Davids LR, van Wijk CH. A retrospective review of the utility of chest X-rays in diving and submarine medical examinations. Diving Hyperb Med 2023; 53:237-242. [PMID: 37718298 PMCID: PMC10735703 DOI: 10.28920/dhm53.3.237-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Performance of routine Chest X-rays (CXRs) in asymptomatic individuals to assess hyperbaric exposure risk is controversial. The radiation risk may overshadow the low yield in many settings. However, the yield may be higher in certain settings, such as tuberculosis-endemic countries. We evaluated the utility of routine CXR in diving and submarine medical examinations in South Africa. Methods Records of 2,777 CXRs during 3,568 fitness examinations of 894 divers and submariners spanning 31 years were reviewed to determine the incidence of CXR abnormality. Associated factors were evaluated using odds ratios and a binomial logistic regression model, with a Kaplan-Meier plot to describe the duration of service until first abnormal CXR. Results An abnormal CXR was reported in 1.1% per person year of service, yielding a cumulative incidence of 6.5% (58/894) of the study participants. Only four individuals had a clinical indication for the CXR in their medical history. A range of potential pathologies were seen, of which 15.5% were declared disqualifying and the rest (84.5%) were treated, or further investigation showed that the person could be declared fit. Conclusions In South Africa, a routine CXR has a role to play in detecting abnormalities that are incompatible with pressure exposures. The highest number of abnormalities were found during the initial examinations and in individuals with long service records. Only four individuals had a clinical indication for their CXR during the 31-year span of our study. Similar studies should be performed to make recommendations in other countries and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Aj Meintjes
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Corresponding author: Dr Willem AJ Meintjes, Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, ORCiD ID: 0000-0002-4909-5421,
| | - LaDonna R Davids
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Institute for Maritime Medicine, Simon's Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles H van Wijk
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Institute for Maritime Medicine, Simon's Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Bedford R, Smith G, Rothwell E, Martin S, Medhane R, Casentieri D, Daunt A, Freiberg G, Hollings M. A multi-organ, lung-derived inflammatory response following in vitro airway exposure to cigarette smoke and next-generation nicotine delivery products. Toxicol Lett 2023; 387:35-49. [PMID: 37774809 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing use of in vitro models that closely resemble in vivo human biology, their application in understanding downstream effects of airway toxicity, such as inflammation, are at an early stage. In this study, we used various assays to examine the inflammatory response induced in MucilAir™ tissues and A549 cells exposed to three products known to induce toxicity. Reduced barrier integrity was observed in tissues following exposure to each product, with reduced viability and increased cytotoxicity also shown. Similar changes in viability were also observed in A549 cells. Furthermore, whole cigarette smoke (CS) induced downstream phenotypic THP-1 changes and endothelial cell adhesion, an early marker of atherosclerosis. In contrast, exposure to next-generation delivery product (NGP) aerosol did not induce this response. Cytokine, histological and RNA analysis highlighted increased biomarkers linked to inflammatory pathways and immune cell differentiation following exposure to whole cigarette smoke, including GM-CSF, IL-1β, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome P450 enzymes. As a result of similar observations in human airway inflammation, we propose that our exposure platform could act as a representative model for studying such events in vitro. Furthermore, this model could be used to test the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory impact posed by inhaled compounds delivered to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bedford
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| | - G Smith
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - E Rothwell
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - S Martin
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - R Medhane
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - D Casentieri
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - A Daunt
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - G Freiberg
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Eye, UK
| | - M Hollings
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
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Whitney DG, Hurvitz EA. The age-related association between serum creatinine and cardio respiratory morbidity and mortality and fractures among adults with cerebral palsy. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:249-257. [PMID: 37473639 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serum creatinine may be an objective biomarker of salient health issues in adults with cerebral palsy (CP). The objective was to assess the age-related association between serum creatinine with 3-year risk of cardiorespiratory morbidity/mortality and fracture among adults with CP. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study used medical records between Jan. 1, 2012 and Oct. 2, 2022 from adults ≥18 years old with CP. The association between baseline serum creatinine with the 3-year risk of all-cause mortality, respiratory/cardiovascular morbidity/mortality, and fracture was assessed by age and sex using logistic regression. The discriminative ability of serum creatinine alone and in conjunction with other variables was assessed. RESULTS Over the 3-year follow-up, 8.3% of 1368 adults with CP had all-cause mortality, 25.6% had respiratory morbidity/mortality, 12.4% had cardiovascular morbidity/mortality, and 8.9% sustained a fracture. The association between serum creatinine with outcomes was dependent on age. For younger adults, lower creatinine had a higher odds ratio (OR) for all-cause mortality, respiratory morbidity/mortality, and fracture. For 51-60 year olds, higher creatinine had a higher OR for cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. Serum creatinine alone had modest prediction of outcomes, and generally improved prediction when added to models that included sex and co-occurring intellectual disabilities and epilepsy (c-statistic range, 0.54-0.84). CONCLUSIONS Lower serum creatinine may reflect frailty while higher levels may reflect kidney dysfunction, helping to explain the differential associations by age. Serum creatinine may be a useful biomarker as part of risk prediction models for these salient health issues for adults with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Whitney
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Edward A Hurvitz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Smirnova N, Shaver AC, Mehta AJ, Philipsborn R, Scovronick N. Climate Change, Air Quality, and Pulmonary Health Disparities. Clin Chest Med 2023; 44:489-499. [PMID: 37517829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will alter environmental risks that influence pulmonary health, including heat, air pollution, and pollen. These exposures disproportionately burden populations already at risk of ill health, including those at vulnerable life stages, with low socioeconomic status, and systematically targeted by oppressive policies. Climate change can exacerbate existing environmental injustices by affecting future exposure, as well as through differentials in the ability to adapt; this is compounded by disparities in rates of underlying disease and access to health care. Climate change is therefore a dire threat not only to individual and population health but also to health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Smirnova
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Adam C Shaver
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ashish J Mehta
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Philipsborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Dr Southeast, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Noah Scovronick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Flunker JC, Sanderson WT, Christian WJ, Mannino DM, Browning SR. Environmental exposures and pulmonary function among adult residents of rural Appalachian Kentucky. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00584-4. [PMID: 37644126 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimated residential exposures of adults to roadway density and several metrics of resource extraction, including coal mining and oil and gas drilling, were hypothesized to contribute to the prevalence of respiratory disease in rural Appalachia. OBJECTIVE Determine how small-area geographic variation in residential environmental exposures impacts measures of pulmonary function among adults in a community-based study. METHODS We examined associations between residential environmental respiratory exposures and pulmonary function among 827 adult participants of the "The Mountain Air Project", a community-based, cross-sectional study in Southeastern Kentucky during 2016-2018. Exposures characterized the density of roadways, oil/gas wells, or current/past surface and underground coal mining at the level of 14-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC), or valley "hollow" where participants resided. Each participant completed an in-person interview to obtain extensive background data on risk factors, health history, and occupational and environmental exposures, as well as a spirometry test administered by experienced study staff at their place of residence. Multivariable linear regression was used to model the adjusted association between each environmental exposure and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1PP) and forced vital capacity (FVCPP). RESULTS Adjusted regression models indicate persons living in HUCs with the highest level of roadway density experienced a reduction in both FEV1PP (-4.3: 95% CI: -7.44 -1.15;) and FVCPP (-3.8: 95% CI: -6.38, -1.21) versus persons in HUCs with the lowest roadway density. No associations were detected between the metrics associated with mining and oil and gas operations and individual pulmonary function. IMPACT STATEMENT Our work demonstrates the potential adverse impact of roadway-related exposures on the respiratory health of rural Appalachia residents. We employed a novel method of small-area exposure classification based on the hydrologic unit code (HUC), representing potential exposure levels per hollow occurring in proximity to the residence, and controlled for individual-level risk factors for reduced respiratory health. We highlight an overlooked yet ubiquitous source of residential exposure from motor vehicles that may contribute to the regionally high prevalence of respiratory disease in rural Appalachia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Flunker
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Wayne T Sanderson
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - W Jay Christian
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David M Mannino
- Department of Pulmonology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Steven R Browning
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Wang X, Zhang J, Wu Y, Xu Y, Zheng J. SIgA in various pulmonary diseases. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:299. [PMID: 37635240 PMCID: PMC10464380 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is one of the most abundant immunoglobulin subtypes among mucosa, which plays an indispensable role in the first-line protection against invading pathogens and antigens. Therefore, the role of respiratory SIgA in respiratory mucosal immune diseases has attracted more and more attention. Although the role of SIgA in intestinal mucosal immunity has been widely studied, the cell types responsible for SIgA and the interactions between cells are still unclear. Here, we conducted a wide search of relevant studies and sorted out the relationship between SIgA and some pulmonary diseases (COPD, asthma, tuberculosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, COVID-19, lung cancer), which found SIgA is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various lung diseases, intending to provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aoyang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 279, Jingang Avenue, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuncong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Jinxu Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
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Antoniou EE, Nolde J, Torensma B, Dekant W, Zeegers MP. Nine human epidemiological studies on synthetic amorphous silica and respiratory health. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00241-2. [PMID: 37572971 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory health effects of Synthetic Amorphous Silica (SAS) have been studied in human epidemiological research. This article presents a historical overview and review of nine occupational worker studies that have been conducted so far on this topic. The combined study population of all of these studies included 1172 employees, and exposure concentrations ranged from < 1 mg/m3 to 100 mg/m3. In two studies with a total of 293 workers, the incidence of silicosis was investigated after long-term exposure to precipitated SAS, and no cases of silicosis were found (Plunkett and Dewitt, 1962; Volk, 1960). In another study, the spirometry results of 40 workers were normal (Vitums et al., 1977). In a study of 28 workers, 4 cases of silicosis were identified, but it is possible that contamination with cristobalite occurred and detailed information about the amorphous silica origin was not provided (Mohrmann and Kahn, 1985). Ferch et al. (1987) found that lung impairment was associated with confounding factors (smoking) but not with exposure to precipitated SAS in a study of 143 workers. Choudat et al. (1990) reported a reduction in forced expiratory flow in a group exposed to precipitated SAS compared to a control group. Still, they found no correlation between the extent of exposure and pulmonary function was found in a study of 131 workers. Wilson et al. (1979) also failed to show a significant association between the degree of exposure to precipitated SAS and annual changes in lung function in a study of 165 workers. In the most recent and most extensive study (Taeger et al., 2016; Yong et al., 2022) in Germany, involving 462 factory workers, no association between inhalable or respirable SAS dust exposure and respiratory health was reported. Based on the available data, there is no evidence-base to support a relationship between SAS and respiratory health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jürgen Nolde
- Grace Europe Holding GmbH, In der Hollerhecke 1, 67547 Worms, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Dekant
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; MBP Holding, Heerlen, the Netherlands
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Assaf RD, Hamad R, Javanbakht M, Arah OA, Shoptaw SJ, Cooper ZD, Gorbach PM. Associations of U.S. state-level COVID-19 policies intensity with cannabis sharing behaviors in 2020. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3211086. [PMID: 37577641 PMCID: PMC10418562 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3211086/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Cannabis use before the COVID-19 pandemic for many involved sharing prepared cannabis for inhalation, practices that were less prevalent during the pandemic. State-level COVID-19 containment policies may have influenced this decrease. This study examined the extent to which the intensity of state-level COVID-19 policies were associated with individual-level cannabis sharing. Findings have the potential to guide harm reduction policies for future respiratory pandemics and seasonal respiratory virus waves. Methods This study used cross-sectional individual-level data from the COVID-19 Cannabis Study, an anonymous U.S.-based web survey on cannabis use disseminated during the early phase of the pandemic (Full sample N = 1,883). We combined individual-level data with state-level policy data from Kaiser Family Foundation's State COVID-19 Data and Policy Actions for three time-points from June to August 2020 that overlapped with the survey period. Cannabis sharing was dichotomized as any versus no sharing. We adapted a previously published coding framework to score the intensity of COVID-19 policies implemented in each U.S. state and averaged the policy score across the time period. We then used logistic regression models to quantify the associations of the average state-level COVID-19 policy score with cannabis sharing during the pandemic. Results Participants (n = 975) reporting using inhalation as a mode for cannabis use were included in this analysis. Most respondents were male (64.1%), non-Hispanic White (54.3%), with a mean age of 33.7 years (SD 8.8). A large proportion (75.1%) reported sharing cannabis during the pandemic. Those who shared cannabis more commonly lived in states with a lower average policy score (15.3, IQR 11.3-19.0) compared to those who did not share (16.3, IQR 13.7-22.7). In adjusted models, the odds of any cannabis sharing per every 5-unit increase in the average COVID-19 policy score were 0.78 (95% CI 0.58, 1.04). Conclusions Fewer individuals shared cannabis in states with more intense COVID-19 containment policies compared to those in states with less intense policies. Individuals who use cannabis may be willing to make changes to their behavior and may further benefit from specific and directed public health messaging to avoid sharing during respiratory infection outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Assaf
- Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative, Center for Vulnerable Populations, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Rita Hamad
- Social Policies for Health Equity Research (SPHERE) Program, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health
| | - Marjan Javanbakht
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Onyebuchi A Arah
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Steven J Shoptaw
- Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Ziva D Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Pamina M Gorbach
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
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Algarni SS, Ali K, Alsaif S, Aljuaid N, Alzahrani R, Albassam M, Alanazi R, Alqueflie D, Almutairi M, Alfrijan H, Alanazi A, Ghazwani A, Alshareedah S, Alotaibi TF, Alqahtani MM, Aljohani H, Ismaeil TT, Alwadeai KS, Siraj RA, Alsaif A, Asiri S, Halabi S, Alanazi AMM. Changes in the patterns of respiratory support and incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia; a single center experience. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:357. [PMID: 37442954 PMCID: PMC10339611 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advances in neonatal intensive care, the survival rate of extremely preterm infants is increasing. However, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major cause of morbidity among infants in this group. This study examined the changes in respiratory support modalities, specifically heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC), and their association with BPD incidence among preterm infants born at < 29 weeks of gestation. METHOD This population-based retrospective cohort study included infants born at < 29 weeks of gestation between 2016 and 2020. Data regarding the use and duration of respiratory support modalities were obtained, including mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, HHHFNC, and low-flow oxygen therapy. Additionally, the incidence of BPD was determined in the included infants. Trend analysis for each respiratory support modality and BPD incidence rate was performed to define the temporal changes associated with changes in BPD rates. In addition, a logistic regression model was developed to identify the association between BPD and severity grade using HHHFNC. RESULTS Three Hundred and sixteen infants were included in this study. The use and duration of HHHFNC therapy increased during the study period. Throughout the study period, the overall incidence of BPD was 49%, with no significant trends. The BPD rate was significantly higher in the infants who received HHHFNC than in those who did not (52% vs. 39%, P = 0.03). Analysis of BPD severity grades showed that both grade 1 BPD (34% vs. 21%, P = 0.03) and grade 2 BPD (12% vs. 1%, P < 0.01) were significantly more common among infants who received HHHFNC than among those who did not. In contrast, the incidence of grade 3 BPD was lower in infants who received HHFNC (6% vs. 17%, P < 0.01). The duration in days of HHHFNC was found to significantly predict BPD incidence (OR 1.04 [95%CI: 1.01-1.06], P < 0.01) after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION The use of HHHFNC in extremely preterm infants born at < 29 weeks of gestation is increasing. There was a significant association between the duration of HHHFNC therapy and the development of BPD in extremely preterm infants born at < 29 weeks of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh S Algarni
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Respiratory Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kamal Ali
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif Alsaif
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemer Aljuaid
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Alzahrani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Albassam
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Alanazi
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Alqueflie
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maather Almutairi
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessah Alfrijan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alanazi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Respiratory Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abadi Ghazwani
- Respiratory Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alshareedah
- Respiratory Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq F Alotaibi
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Respiratory Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Respiratory Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Aljohani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Respiratory Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha T Ismaeil
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Respiratory Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Alwadeai
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan A Siraj
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurahman Alsaif
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabreen Asiri
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa Halabi
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M M Alanazi
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Respiratory Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lamb CD, Quinones A, Zhang JY, Paik G, Chaluts D, Carr M, Lonner BS, Margetis K. Evaluating Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis as an Independent Risk Factor for Critical Illness in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. World Neurosurg 2023; 177:S1878-8750(23)00810-0. [PMID: 37343676 PMCID: PMC10279461 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic spinal deformities may reduce chest wall compliance, leading to respiratory complications. The first SARS-CoV-2 (L-variant) strain caused critical respiratory illness, especially in vulnerable patients. This study investigates the association between scoliosis and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) disease course severity. METHODS Clinical data of 129 patients treated between March 2020 to June 2021 who received a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction result from Mount Sinai and had a scoliosis ICD-10 code (M41.0-M41.9) was retrospectively analyzed. Degree of coronal plane scoliosis on imaging was confirmed by 2 independent measurers and grouped into no scoliosis (Cobb angle <10°), mild (10°-24°), moderate (25°-39°), and severe (>40°) cohorts. Baseline characteristics were compared, and a multivariable logistic regression controlling for clinically significant comorbidities examined the significance of scoliosis as an independent risk factor for hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mechanical ventilation, and mortality. RESULTS The no (n = 42), mild (n = 14), moderate (n = 44), and severe scoliosis (n = 29) cohorts differed significantly only in age (P = 0.026). The percentage of patients hospitalized (P = 0.59), admitted to the ICU (P = 0.33), developing ARDS (P = 0.77), requiring mechanical ventilation (P = 1.0), or who expired (P = 0.77) did not significantly differ between cohorts. The scoliosis cohorts did not have a significantly higher likelihood of hospital admission (mild P = 0.19, moderate P = 0.67, severe P = 0.98), ICU admission (P = 0.97, P = 0.94, P = 0.22), ARDS (P = 0.87, P = 0.74, P = 0.94), mechanical ventilation (P = 0.73, P = 0.69, P = 0.70), or mortality (P = 0.74, P = 0.87, P = 0.66) than the no scoliosis cohort. CONCLUSIONS Scoliosis was not an independent risk factor for critical COVID-19 illness. No trends indicated any consistent effect of degree of scoliosis on increased adverse outcome likelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Lamb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Addison Quinones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jack Y Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gijong Paik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danielle Chaluts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Carr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Baron S Lonner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Mäki-Heikkilä R, Koskela H, Karjalainen J, Parkkari J, Huhtala H, Valtonen M, Lehtimäki L. Cross-country skiers often experience respiratory symptoms during and after exercise but have a low prevalence of prolonged cough. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001502. [PMID: 37342789 PMCID: PMC10277524 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cross-country skiers train and compete during the winter for long periods of time in subfreezing conditions, which strains the airways and provokes respiratory symptoms. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of exercise-related symptoms and prolonged cough in competitive cross-country skiers versus the general population and to investigate the association between these symptoms and asthma. Methods A questionnaire was sent to Finnish cross-country skiers (n=1282) and a random sample of the general population (n=1754), with response rates of 26.9% and 19.0%, respectively. Results Both groups were mostly asymptomatic at rest, but symptoms were increased in both groups during and after exercise. Cough was more prevalent after exercise in skiers and phlegm production was more common during and after exercise in skiers. Asthma did not provoke specific symptoms, but symptom prevalence was higher in asthmatic individuals. Skiers had a higher prevalence of cough after exercise (60.6% vs 22.8%, p<0.001) compared with controls, but controls had a higher prevalence of prolonged cough (4.1% vs 9.6%, p=0.004). In participants without asthma, cold air triggered symptoms more often in skiers than controls, while strong odours triggered symptoms more often in asthmatic controls than skiers. Chronic cough lasting more than 8 weeks was rare, reported by 4.8% of controls and 2.0% of skiers. Conclusion Cross-country skiers, especially those with asthma, experience a higher burden of exercise-related respiratory symptoms compared with controls. However, repeated exposure to cold air does not appear to result in long-term hypersensitivity of the cough reflex arc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heikki Koskela
- Unit for Medicine and Clinical Research, Pulmonary Division, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Pohjois-Savo, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland School of Medicine, Kuopio, Pohjois-Savo, Finland
| | - Jussi Karjalainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
| | - Maarit Valtonen
- Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport KIHU, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lauri Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Allergy Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland
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42
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Guragain R, Gyawali BR. Intralesional Bevacizumab as Adjuvant Therapy for Juvenile Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: A Systematic Review. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:1296-1301. [PMID: 37275063 PMCID: PMC10235305 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Respiratory papillomatosis is one of the common benign lesions of the airway that is often difficult to treat and carries significant morbidity. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that acts upon vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and is known to have an effect in respiratory papillomatosis. This study aims to systematically review the literature on efficacy of intralesional Bevacizumab in juvenile onset respiratory papillomatosis. Materials and methods. A systematic search of literature in various databases was conducted. The search was restricted to the English language, however, no restrictions were made regarding the date of publication keeping December 31st, 2020 as the last date of publication. We strictly complied with the PRISMA guidelines. Results. Of 145 articles analyzed, only 3 were selected as eligible and a total of twenty-one cases were evaluated. There was improvement in anatomic Derkay score after initiating intralesional Bevacizumb with reduction in the number of surgeries. Where reported, voice related functional outcomes also were also improved. No adverse effect related to the drug was reported. Conclusion: Intralesional Bevacizumab can be a promising efficacious, and safe adjuvant in the management of JORRP. Well-designed studies are further required in the future to prove its efficacy and safety over other adjuvants available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Guragain
- Department of ENT-HNS Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bigyan Raj Gyawali
- Department of ENT-HNS Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Kearns A, Bhagat M, Rae D, McGonigle A, Caldow E, Marquis L, Dove C. Health gains from home energy efficiency measures: The missing evidence in the UK net-zero policy debate. Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2023; 5:100396. [PMID: 37305854 PMCID: PMC10250118 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examined the health gains from a programme of external wall insulation works to homes in south-west Scotland, and in particular the impact upon hospitalisations for respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. Furthermore, to consider how evidence on health outcomes could form part of the debate around actions to meet net-zero goals in the UK. Study design This was a two-part study. Part one involved before-and-after interviews with 229 recipient households. The second part comprised an observational study of hospital admissions in 184 postcode areas. Methods Across three years, interviews collected thermal comfort and self-reported health data(Sf-36) in the winter months prior to installation, and again in follow-up interviews the next winter. Standarised monthly data on non-elective admissions for each set of conditions were compared between the intervention postcodes and the wider health board area over a ten year period. Results Following receipt of wall insulation, inability to achieve thermal comfort in winter reduced by two-thirds. Improvements in thermal comfort were associated with gains in physical health scores. Relative standardised admissions fell in the treatment areas, remaining lower than the district-wide standardised rate for the majority of a five year period, this effect ending during the Covid-19 pandemic. The impact on admissions was greater for respiratory conditions than for cardiovascular conditions. Conclusion A weak policy commitment to energy efficiency could be strengthened with further evidence of the cost-savings and reduced hospital bed demand resulting from insulations works. The potential health gain may also encourage more home owners to participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Kearns
- Urban Studies, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, 25 Bute Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8RS, UK
| | - M. Bhagat
- Energy Agency, Watson Peat Building, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HW, UK
| | - D. Rae
- NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayrshire Central Hospital, Floor 3, Horseshoe Building, Kilwinning Road, Irvine, KA12 8SS, UK
| | - A. McGonigle
- Energy Agency, Watson Peat Building, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HW, UK
| | - E. Caldow
- NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Ayrshire Central Hospital, Floor 3, Horseshoe Building, Kilwinning Road, Irvine, KA12 8SS, UK
| | - L. Marquis
- Energy Agency, Watson Peat Building, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HW, UK
| | - C. Dove
- Scottish Federation of Housing Associations, Libertas House, 1st Floor, Room 15, 39 St Vincent Place, Glasgow, G1 2ER, UK
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Kouranloo K, Ashley A, Zhao SS, Dey M. Pulmonary manifestations in VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome: a systematic review. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:1023-1032. [PMID: 36617363 PMCID: PMC10126013 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, auto-inflammatory, somatic) syndrome is a newly described auto-inflammatory disease. Many cases feature pulmonary infiltrates or respiratory failure. This systematic review aimed to summarize respiratory manifestations in VEXAS syndrome described to date. METHODS Databases were searched for articles discussing VEXAS syndrome until May 2022. The research question was: What are the pulmonary manifestations in patients with VEXAS syndrome? The search was restricted to English language and those discussing clinical presentation of disease. Information on basic demographics, type and prevalence of pulmonary manifestations, co-existing disease associations and author conclusions on pulmonary involvement were extracted. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO register of systematic reviews. RESULTS Initially, 219 articles were retrieved with 36 ultimately included (all case reports or series). A total of 269 patients with VEXAS were included, 98.6% male, mean age 66.8 years at disease onset. The most frequently described pulmonary manifestation was infiltrates (43.1%; n = 116), followed by pleural effusion (7.4%; n = 20) and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (3.3%; n = 9). Other pulmonary manifestations were: nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (n = 1), bronchiolitis obliterans (n = 3), pulmonary vasculitis (n = 6), bronchiectasis (n = 1), alveolar haemorrhage (n = 1), pulmonary embolism (n = 4), bronchial stenosis (n = 1), and alveolitis (n = 1). Several patients had one or more co-existing autoimmune/inflammatory condition. It was not reported which patients had particular pulmonary manifestations. CONCLUSION This is the first systematic review undertaken in VEXAS patients. Our results demonstrate that pulmonary involvement is common in this patient group. It is unclear if respiratory manifestations are part of the primary disease or a co-existing condition. Larger epidemiological analyses will aid further characterisation of pulmonary involvement and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushan Kouranloo
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
- Liverpool University NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK.
| | - Athea Ashley
- Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, Yorkshire, UK
| | - Sizheng Steven Zhao
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mrinalini Dey
- Department of Rheumatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Stadium Rd, London, SE18 4QH, UK
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
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Qeadan F, Nicolson A, Barbeau WA, Azagba S, English K. The association between dual use of electronic nicotine products and illicit drugs with adverse cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes in a longitudinal analysis using the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) survey. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep 2023; 7:100166. [PMID: 37228861 PMCID: PMC10205457 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Drug use and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are independently associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes. Literature on the association between the dual use of these key substances and potential health outcomes is limited. Methods We examined the association between dual use of ENDs and drugs (including heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine, painkillers, and misused stimulant medications) with adverse cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes in a longitudinal analysis using waves 1-5 from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health survey (2014-2018). Multivariable logistic regression with Generalized Estimating Equations was utilized. Results About 0.9% (n = 368) of respondents at wave 2 used both ENDS and drugs, 5.1% (n = 1,985) exclusively used ENDS, and 5.9% (n = 1,318) used drugs. Compared with people who do not use drugs, both those who used only ENDS (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.11 [95% CI 0.99-1.23], P = 0.07758) and those who used only drugs (AOR 1.36 [95% CI 1.15-1.60], P = 0.00027) were more likely to experience adverse respiratory conditions. Individuals who used drugs and ENDS compared to people who did not use drugs or ENDS had the largest odds of respiratory problems among all drug use category comparisons (AOR 1.52 [95% CI 1.20-1.93], P = 0.00054). Individuals who only used drugs had elevated odds of cardiovascular ailments compared to people who did not use drugs or ENDS (AOR 1.24 [95% CI 1.08-1.42], P = 0.00214) and compared to people who only used ENDS (AOR 1.22 [95% CI 1.04-1.42], P = 0.0117). Conclusions Inhaling electronic nicotine delivery systems and other substances may negatively affect the users' respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Qeadan
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Alexander Nicolson
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - William A. Barbeau
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Sunday Azagba
- Nese College of Nursing, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kevin English
- Albuquerque Area Southwest Tribal Epidemiology Center, NM, USA
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Huerne K, Filion KB, Grad R, Ernst P, Gershon AS, Eisenberg MJ. Epidemiological and clinical perspectives of long COVID syndrome. Am J Med Open 2023; 9:100033. [PMID: 36685609 PMCID: PMC9846887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Long COVID, or post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, is characterized by multi-organ symptoms lasting 2+ months after initial COVID-19 virus infection. This review presents the current state of evidence for long COVID syndrome, including the global public health context, incidence, prevalence, cardiopulmonary sequelae, physical and mental symptoms, recovery time, prognosis, risk factors, rehospitalization rates, and the impact of vaccination on long COVID outcomes. Results are presented by clinically relevant subgroups. Overall, 10-35% of COVID survivors develop long COVID, with common symptoms including fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, cough, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, memory loss, and difficulty concentrating. Delineating these issues will be crucial to inform appropriate post-pandemic health policy and protect the health of COVID-19 survivors, including potentially vulnerable or underrepresented groups. Directed to policymakers, health practitioners, and the general public, we provide recommendations and suggest avenues for future research with the larger goal of reducing harms associated with long COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Huerne
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, and Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kristian B. Filion
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada,Departments of Medicine and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roland Grad
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Ernst
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea S. Gershon
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark J. Eisenberg
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada,Departments of Medicine and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Corresponding author at: Mark Eisenberg, Professor of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital/McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Suite H-421.1, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
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Nawahda A. The effect of research on COVID-19 and PM 2.5 on the localization of humanitarian aid. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:763. [PMID: 37249710 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal variation of the death and tested positive cases is poorly understood during the respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. On the other hand, COVID-19's spread was not significantly slowed by pandemic maps. The aim of this study is to investigate the connection between COVID-19 distribution and airborne PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm). Long-term exposure to high levels of PM2.5 is significantly connected to respiratory diseases in addition to being a potential carrier of viruses. Between April 2020 and March 2021, data on COVID-19-related cases were gathered for all prefectures in Japan. There were 9159, 109,078, and 451,913 cases of COVID-19 that resulted in death, severe illness, and positive tests, respectively. Additionally, we gathered information on PM2.5 from 1119 air quality monitoring stations that were deployed across the 47 prefectures. By using the statistical analysis tools in the Geographical Information System (GIS) software, it was found that the residents of prefectures with high PM2.5 concentrations were the most susceptible to COVID-19. Additionally, the World Health Organization-Air Quality Guidelines (WHO-AQG) relative risk (RR) of 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01-1.08), which was used to compute the PM2.5-caused deaths, was employed as well. Approximately 1716 (95% CI: 429-3,432) cases of PM2.5-related deaths were thought to have occurred throughout the study period. Despite the possibility that the actual numbers of both COVID19 and PM2.5-caused deaths are higher, humanitarian actors could use PM2.5 data to localize the efforts to minimize the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Nawahda
- Faculty of Engineering, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie (PTUK), Tulkarem, Palestine.
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López JT, Cubillos BG, Prieto AM. Survey research on reverse sneezing in 779 dogs in Southeast of Spain: Prevalence and possible related factors. Res Vet Sci 2023; 160:62-68. [PMID: 37270940 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reverse sneezing (RS) is considered an innate reflex that may occur in normal dogs in response to a stimulus in the upper airways but currently, the prevalence is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of RS in dogs in Southeast Spain and to determine the possible influence of selected demographic and environmental variables. This study was based on a questionnaire answered by 779 owned dogs randomly selected in two months. The total prevalence of dogs suffering RS was 52.9% (412/779). A statistically significant predisposition depending on sex and sexual condition (neutered females), the size and weight of the animal (toy dogs with <5 kg and small dogs of 5 to 14 kg), the breed (mainly Yorkshire, Chihuahua, Bichon, and Shit-tzu), on age (>10 years old) was found. Dogs that live in an urban habitat without other pets in the same house had also significantly more predisposition. Dogs with these profiles tend also to have a higher frequency of RS episodes (more than one episode daily) and more acute presentations (last 15 days). Reverse sneezing is an important reflex that could be present in more than half of the canine population as happened in our study. Its predisposition varies depending on sex, sexual condition, size, breed, age, habitat, and cohabitation with other pets. Further attention is warranted regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Talavera López
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo n° 16, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Blanca García Cubillos
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo n° 16, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz Prieto
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo n° 16, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Altmann T, Zuhairy S, Narayanan M, Athiraman N. Facemask use reduces the rate of neonatal respiratory infections. J Hosp Infect 2023:S0195-6701(23)00143-3. [PMID: 37182646 PMCID: PMC10249745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Altmann
- Newcastle University Translational & Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medical Sciences Leech Building M3.136D Framlington Place Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH.
| | - Shaden Zuhairy
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Neonatology, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Manjusha Narayanan
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Microbiology, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Naveen Athiraman
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Neonatology, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Calthorpe RJ, Goodchild N, Gleetus V, Premakumar V, Hayee B, Elliott Z, Evans B, Rowbotham NJ, Carr SB, Barr H, Horsley A, Peckham D, Smyth AR. A grumbling concern: an international survey of gastrointestinal symptoms in cystic fibrosis in the modulator era. NIHR Open Res 2023; 3:18. [PMID: 37881465 PMCID: PMC10593346 DOI: 10.3310/nihropenres.13384.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal symptoms in cystic fibrosis (CF) are common and intrusive to daily life. Relieving gastrointestinal symptoms was identified as an important research priority and previously explored in an international survey in 2018. However, following the widespread introduction of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators in 2019, the landscape of CF treatment has changed. We repeated an online survey to further describe gastrointestinal symptoms and their effect on quality of life (QoL) in the CFTR modulator era. Methods An electronic survey consisting of closed questions and free text responses was distributed via social media and professional networks for a period of one month between March - April 2022. People with CF (pwCF), their family and friends, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) were invited to take part. Results There were 164 respondents: 88 pwCF (54%), 22 (13%) family, and 54 (33%) healthcare professionals (HCPs). A total of 89/110 (81%) pwCF or family members reported CFTR modulator treatment. The most commonly reported symptoms were wind / gas, rumbling stomach noises, loose motions (modulator) and bloating (no modulator). Abdominal pain and bloating had the greatest impact on QoL.For those on a CFTR modulator, the proportion of pwCF reporting "no change" or "worse" for all of the symptoms surveyed was greater than the proportion reporting an improvement. Following modulator introduction, dietary changes were recommended by 28/35 (80%) of HCPs and reported by 38/76 (50%) lay respondents. Changes in medication were recommended by 19/35 (54%) HCPs and reported by 44/76 (58%) of patients and family members. Conclusion This survey has shown that gastrointestinal symptoms remain prevalent in pwCF in the CFTR modulator era, though the nature of these symptoms may have changed. A better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of these symptoms is essential. Future clinical studies should focus on improving symptoms and QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Calthorpe
- University of Nottingham School of Medicine & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Vigilius Gleetus
- University of Nottingham School of Medicine & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vinishaa Premakumar
- University of Nottingham School of Medicine & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bu Hayee
- Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Nicola J Rowbotham
- University of Nottingham School of Medicine & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Siobhán B Carr
- Royal Brompton Hospital (part of GSTT) and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Helen Barr
- University of Nottingham School of Medicine & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexander Horsley
- University of Manchester & NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan R Smyth
- University of Nottingham School of Medicine & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
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