1
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Mangano ER, Jones GMC, Suarez-Bonnet A, Waller AS, Priestnall SL. Streptococcus zooepidemicus in dogs: Exploring a canine pathogen through multilocus sequence typing. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110059. [PMID: 38554599 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus equi. subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) associated diseases in dogs have emerged as a significant concern over recent decades. S. zooepidemicus occurs sporadically in dog populations globally, with increased prevalence in shelters/kennels. This study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 149 independent canine S. zooepidemicus isolates to assess associations between sequence type and breed, country of origin, disease severity, sampling type, year, and behaviour within an outbreak. No clear associations for breed, country, sampling type and year were determined in this study. ST-10 and 123 strains were present within all disease categories, from no clinical signs to severe disease. Assessment of S. zooepidemicus infection in 3 UK outbreaks at the same location found ST-10, 18, 123 strains, and a ST-173 strain in a US outbreak, were associated with haemorrhagic pneumonia and persisted in kennelled populations over time. The ST-173 clonal complex has been noted to have severe virulence capabilities in dogs and other species. S. zooepidemicus seems to thrive in environments with a high risk of transmissibility, overcrowding, stress and naïve populations, particularly for those in shelters/kennels. MLST alone cannot determine the virulence phenotype of S. zooepidemicus in dogs. However, a level of conservancy and diversity within ST allelic loci aids the opportunity to cause severe disease in dogs. Thus, further research into whole genome sequencing and characterising the virulence factors of S. zooepidemicus is warranted in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli R Mangano
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
| | - Gareth M C Jones
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Suarez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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2
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Alvarez-Martinez M, Cox LS, Pearson CF, Branchett WJ, Chakravarty P, Wu X, Slawinski H, Al-Dibouni A, Samelis VA, Gabryšová L, Priestnall SL, Suárez-Bonnet A, Mikolajczak A, Briscoe J, Powrie F, O'Garra A. Blimp-1 and c-Maf regulate immune gene networks to protect against distinct pathways of pathobiont-induced colitis. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:886-901. [PMID: 38609547 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal immune responses to microbes are controlled by the cytokine IL-10 to avoid immune pathology. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing of colon lamina propria leukocytes (LPLs) along with RNA-seq and ATAC-seq of purified CD4+ T cells to show that the transcription factors Blimp-1 (encoded by Prdm1) and c-Maf co-dominantly regulate Il10 while negatively regulating proinflammatory cytokines in effector T cells. Double-deficient Prdm1fl/flMaffl/flCd4Cre mice infected with Helicobacter hepaticus developed severe colitis with an increase in TH1/NK/ILC1 effector genes in LPLs, while Prdm1fl/flCd4Cre and Maffl/flCd4Cre mice exhibited moderate pathology and a less-marked type 1 effector response. LPLs from infected Maffl/flCd4Cre mice had increased type 17 responses with increased Il17a and Il22 expression and an increase in granulocytes and myeloid cell numbers, resulting in increased T cell-myeloid-neutrophil interactions. Genes over-expressed in human inflammatory bowel disease showed differential expression in LPLs from infected mice in the absence of Prdm1 or Maf, revealing potential mechanisms of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke S Cox
- Immunoregulation and Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Claire F Pearson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William J Branchett
- Immunoregulation and Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Computational Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Xuemei Wu
- Immunoregulation and Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hubert Slawinski
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Alaa Al-Dibouni
- Immunoregulation and Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Vasileios A Samelis
- Immunoregulation and Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Leona Gabryšová
- Immunoregulation and Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Anna Mikolajczak
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James Briscoe
- Developmental Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Immunoregulation and Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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3
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Giampazolias E, Pereira da Costa M, Lam KC, Lim KHJ, Cardoso A, Piot C, Chakravarty P, Blasche S, Patel S, Biram A, Castro-Dopico T, Buck MD, Rodrigues RR, Poulsen GJ, Palma-Duran SA, Rogers NC, Koufaki MA, Minutti CM, Wang P, Vdovin A, Frederico B, Childs E, Lee S, Simpson B, Iseppon A, Omenetti S, Kelly G, Goldstone R, Nye E, Suárez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, MacRae JI, Zelenay S, Patil KR, Litchfield K, Lee JC, Jess T, Goldszmid RS, Reis E Sousa C. Vitamin D regulates microbiome-dependent cancer immunity. Science 2024; 384:428-437. [PMID: 38662827 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh7954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A role for vitamin D in immune modulation and in cancer has been suggested. In this work, we report that mice with increased availability of vitamin D display greater immune-dependent resistance to transplantable cancers and augmented responses to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Similarly, in humans, vitamin D-induced genes correlate with improved responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment as well as with immunity to cancer and increased overall survival. In mice, resistance is attributable to the activity of vitamin D on intestinal epithelial cells, which alters microbiome composition in favor of Bacteroides fragilis, which positively regulates cancer immunity. Our findings indicate a previously unappreciated connection between vitamin D, microbial commensal communities, and immune responses to cancer. Collectively, they highlight vitamin D levels as a potential determinant of cancer immunity and immunotherapy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Giampazolias
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Immunosurveillance Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | | | - Khiem C Lam
- Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology (LICI), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kok Haw Jonathan Lim
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ana Cardoso
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Cécile Piot
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sonja Blasche
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Swara Patel
- Cancer Immunosurveillance Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Adi Biram
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Michael D Buck
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Richard R Rodrigues
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
- Microbiome and Genetics Core, LICI, CCR, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gry Juul Poulsen
- National Center of Excellence for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, PREDICT, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, A DK-2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Neil C Rogers
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Maria A Koufaki
- Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Carlos M Minutti
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Cancer Immunosurveillance Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Alexander Vdovin
- Cancer Immunosurveillance Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Bruno Frederico
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Eleanor Childs
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sonia Lee
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ben Simpson
- Tumor Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance (TIGI) Lab, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Andrea Iseppon
- AhRimmunity Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sara Omenetti
- AhRimmunity Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gavin Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Robert Goldstone
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Emma Nye
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mimms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mimms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - James I MacRae
- Metabolomics STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Santiago Zelenay
- Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | | | - Kevin Litchfield
- Tumor Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance (TIGI) Lab, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - James C Lee
- Genetic Mechanisms of Disease Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Tine Jess
- National Center of Excellence for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, PREDICT, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, A DK-2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romina S Goldszmid
- Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology (LICI), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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4
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Caswell DR, Gui P, Mayekar MK, Law EK, Pich O, Bailey C, Boumelha J, Kerr DL, Blakely CM, Manabe T, Martinez-Ruiz C, Bakker B, De Dios Palomino Villcas J, I Vokes N, Dietzen M, Angelova M, Gini B, Tamaki W, Allegakoen P, Wu W, Humpton TJ, Hill W, Tomaschko M, Lu WT, Haderk F, Al Bakir M, Nagano A, Gimeno-Valiente F, de Carné Trécesson S, Vendramin R, Barbè V, Mugabo M, Weeden CE, Rowan A, McCoach CE, Almeida B, Green M, Gomez C, Nanjo S, Barbosa D, Moore C, Przewrocka J, Black JRM, Grönroos E, Suarez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, Zverev C, Lighterness S, Cormack J, Olivas V, Cech L, Andrews T, Rule B, Jiao Y, Zhang X, Ashford P, Durfee C, Venkatesan S, Temiz NA, Tan L, Larson LK, Argyris PP, Brown WL, Yu EA, Rotow JK, Guha U, Roper N, Yu J, Vogel RI, Thomas NJ, Marra A, Selenica P, Yu H, Bakhoum SF, Chew SK, Reis-Filho JS, Jamal-Hanjani M, Vousden KH, McGranahan N, Van Allen EM, Kanu N, Harris RS, Downward J, Bivona TG, Swanton C. The role of APOBEC3B in lung tumor evolution and targeted cancer therapy resistance. Nat Genet 2024; 56:60-73. [PMID: 38049664 PMCID: PMC10786726 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic subunit-like (APOBEC) enzyme APOBEC3B (A3B) on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven lung cancer was assessed. A3B expression in EGFR mutant (EGFRmut) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mouse models constrained tumorigenesis, while A3B expression in tumors treated with EGFR-targeted cancer therapy was associated with treatment resistance. Analyses of human NSCLC models treated with EGFR-targeted therapy showed upregulation of A3B and revealed therapy-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as an inducer of A3B expression. Significantly reduced viability was observed with A3B deficiency, and A3B was required for the enrichment of APOBEC mutation signatures, in targeted therapy-treated human NSCLC preclinical models. Upregulation of A3B was confirmed in patients with NSCLC treated with EGFR-targeted therapy. This study uncovers the multifaceted roles of A3B in NSCLC and identifies A3B as a potential target for more durable responses to targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R Caswell
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - Philippe Gui
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Manasi K Mayekar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily K Law
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Oriol Pich
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Chris Bailey
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jesse Boumelha
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - D Lucas Kerr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Collin M Blakely
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tadashi Manabe
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Martinez-Ruiz
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London, Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Natalie I Vokes
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Dietzen
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London, Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mihaela Angelova
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Beatrice Gini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Whitney Tamaki
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Allegakoen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Humpton
- p53 and Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - William Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mona Tomaschko
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Wei-Ting Lu
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Franziska Haderk
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ai Nagano
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Roberto Vendramin
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Vittorio Barbè
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Miriam Mugabo
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Clare E Weeden
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Bruna Almeida
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mary Green
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Carlos Gomez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shigeki Nanjo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dora Barbosa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chris Moore
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Joanna Przewrocka
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James R M Black
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London, Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Alejandro Suarez-Bonnet
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Caroline Zverev
- Biological Research Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Scott Lighterness
- Biological Research Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James Cormack
- Biological Research Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Victor Olivas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Cech
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trisha Andrews
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul Ashford
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cameron Durfee
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Subramanian Venkatesan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nuri Alpay Temiz
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay K Larson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Prokopios P Argyris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William L Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sutter Health Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Julia K Rotow
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Udayan Guha
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NextCure Inc., Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Nitin Roper
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Johnny Yu
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel I Vogel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas J Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Marra
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapy, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Helena Yu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Su Kit Chew
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- p53 and Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London, Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nnennaya Kanu
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
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5
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López-Rodríguez JC, Hancock SJ, Li K, Crotta S, Barrington C, Suárez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, Aubé J, Wack A, Klenerman P, Bengoechea JA, Barral P. Type I interferons drive MAIT cell functions against bacterial pneumonia. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230037. [PMID: 37516912 PMCID: PMC10373297 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant in the lung and contribute to host defense against infections. During bacterial infections, MAIT cell activation has been proposed to require T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated recognition of antigens derived from the riboflavin synthesis pathway presented by the antigen-presenting molecule MR1. MAIT cells can also be activated by cytokines in an MR1-independent manner, yet the contribution of MR1-dependent vs. -independent signals to MAIT cell functions in vivo remains unclear. Here, we use Klebsiella pneumoniae as a model of bacterial pneumonia and demonstrate that MAIT cell activation is independent of MR1 and primarily driven by type I interferons (IFNs). During Klebsiella infection, type I IFNs stimulate activation of murine and human MAIT cells, induce a Th1/cytotoxic transcriptional program, and modulate MAIT cell location within the lungs. Consequently, adoptive transfer or boosting of pulmonary MAIT cells protect mice from Klebsiella infection, with protection being dependent on direct type I IFN signaling on MAIT cells. These findings reveal type I IFNs as new molecular targets to manipulate MAIT cell functions during bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos López-Rodríguez
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Steven J. Hancock
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine. School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
| | - Jose A. Bengoechea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine. School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Patricia Barral
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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6
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Kemper RT, Suarez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, Freeman M, Rosaryo RD, Valentine MJ. Ill thrift in a 3-week-old kitten. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1-3. [PMID: 37400073 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.05.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Tose Kemper
- 1School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis
| | - Alejandro Suarez-Bonnet
- 2Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, England
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- 2Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hertfordshire, England
| | - Mark Freeman
- 1School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis
| | - Renata de Rosaryo
- 1School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis
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7
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Martí-García B, Priestnall SL, Holmes E, Suárez-Bonnet A. Olfactory neuroblastoma in a domestic cat and review of the literature. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:521-526. [PMID: 37468966 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Nasal tumors account for less than 10% of all feline neoplasms, with lymphoma, followed by adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, the most commonly reported. Nasal neuroectodermal tumors, including olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), are scarcely described, and their tumorigenesis is largely unknown. Here we report the cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical features of a feline ONB. We also provide a pathological review of nasal neuroendocrine neoplasms in cats. A 7-year-old Burmese cat was evaluated for sneezing, occasional epistaxis, and upper respiratory noise for 8 months. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a 7 × 5 × 3 mm irregular mass effacing and expanding the nasal cavity, which extended to the nasopharynx. Cytologically, neoplastic cells were round to polygonal and had a round nucleus with finely stippled chromatin, a single small nucleolus, and abundant pale blue cytoplasm, which contained abundant fine pale pink granules. They exhibited mild cellular atypia, anisocytosis, and mild to occasionally moderate anisokaryosis. Rhinoscopic biopsies revealed a densely cellular, malignant neuroepithelial neoplasm. Cells were arranged in densely packed trabeculae and formed Homer Wright and Flexner-Wintersteiner-like rosettes, with rare mitotic figures and scant supportive fibrovascular stroma. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, COX-2, and beta-tubulin and negative for S-100, chromogranin A, CD117, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). An ONB was diagnosed based on histological and immunohistochemical findings. Interestingly, and similar to nasal carcinomas, neoplastic cells diffusely neo-expressed COX-2. To the authors' knowledge, there is no previous evidence of COX-2 in feline ONB. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are required for a definitive diagnosis of ONB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Martí-García
- Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Emma Holmes
- Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
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8
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Wong K, Abascal F, Ludwig L, Aupperle-Lellbach H, Grassinger J, Wright CW, Allison SJ, Pinder E, Phillips RM, Romero LP, Gal A, Roady PJ, Pires I, Guscetti F, Munday JS, Peleteiro MC, Pinto CA, Carvalho T, Cota J, Du Plessis EC, Constantino-Casas F, Plog S, Moe L, de Brot S, Bemelmans I, Amorim RL, Georgy SR, Prada J, Del Pozo J, Heimann M, de Carvalho Nunes L, Simola O, Pazzi P, Steyl J, Ubukata R, Vajdovich P, Priestnall SL, Suárez-Bonnet A, Roperto F, Millanta F, Palmieri C, Ortiz AL, Barros CSL, Gava A, Söderström ME, O'Donnell M, Klopfleisch R, Manrique-Rincón A, Martincorena I, Ferreira I, Arends MJ, Wood GA, Adams DJ, van der Weyden L. Cross-species oncogenomics offers insight into human muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Genome Biol 2023; 24:191. [PMID: 37635261 PMCID: PMC10464500 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. With a high mutation load and large number of altered genes, strategies to delineate key driver events are necessary. Dogs and cats develop urothelial carcinoma (UC) with histological and clinical similarities to human MIBC. Cattle that graze on bracken fern also develop UC, associated with exposure to the carcinogen ptaquiloside. These species may represent relevant animal models of spontaneous and carcinogen-induced UC that can provide insight into human MIBC. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing of domestic canine (n = 87) and feline (n = 23) UC, and comparative analysis with human MIBC reveals a lower mutation rate in animal cases and the absence of APOBEC mutational signatures. A convergence of driver genes (ARID1A, KDM6A, TP53, FAT1, and NRAS) is discovered, along with common focally amplified and deleted genes involved in regulation of the cell cycle and chromatin remodelling. We identify mismatch repair deficiency in a subset of canine and feline UCs with biallelic inactivation of MSH2. Bovine UC (n = 8) is distinctly different; we identify novel mutational signatures which are recapitulated in vitro in human urinary bladder UC cells treated with bracken fern extracts or purified ptaquiloside. CONCLUSION Canine and feline urinary bladder UC represent relevant models of MIBC in humans, and cross-species analysis can identify evolutionarily conserved driver genes. We characterize mutational signatures in bovine UC associated with bracken fern and ptaquiloside exposure, a human-linked cancer exposure. Our work demonstrates the relevance of cross-species comparative analysis in understanding both human and animal UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wong
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Federico Abascal
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Latasha Ludwig
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Heike Aupperle-Lellbach
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany and Institute of Pathology, Department Comparative Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Grassinger
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany and Institute of Pathology, Department Comparative Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Colin W Wright
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Simon J Allison
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Emma Pinder
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Roger M Phillips
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Laura P Romero
- Departmento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico City, México
| | - Arnon Gal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patrick J Roady
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Science, CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John S Munday
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Maria C Peleteiro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Pinto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - João Cota
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Lars Moe
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Simone de Brot
- Institute of Animal Pathology, COMPATH, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Renée Laufer Amorim
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Smitha R Georgy
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justina Prada
- Department of Veterinary Science, CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jorge Del Pozo
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Pazzi
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johan Steyl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rodrigo Ubukata
- E+ Especialidades Veterinárias - Veterinary Oncology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Vajdovich
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento Di Biologia, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ana L Ortiz
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Claudio S L Barros
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Aldo Gava
- Pathology Laboratory of the Centro de Ciencias Agro-Veterinarias, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Minna E Söderström
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie O'Donnell
- Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Manrique-Rincón
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Inigo Martincorena
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ingrid Ferreira
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mark J Arends
- University of Edinburgh Division of Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
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9
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Torres-Blas I, Horsler H, Paredes UM, Perkins M, Priestnall SL, Brekke P. Impact of exposure to urban air pollution on grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) lung health. Environ Pollut 2023; 326:121312. [PMID: 36893972 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increased rate of global urbanisation has recently exacerbated the significant public health problem of traffic related air pollution. Despite the known significant impact on human health, little is known about the effects of air pollution on wildlife health. The lung is the primary target organ for the effects of exposure to air pollution, leading to lung inflammation, altering the lung epigenome, culminating in respiratory disease. In this study, we aimed to assess lung health and DNA methylation profiles in Eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) populations living across an urban-rural air pollution gradient. Squirrel lung health was assessed in four populations situated across the most polluted inner-city boroughs to the less polluted edges of Greater London. We also assessed lung DNA methylation across three London sites and a further two rural sites in Sussex and North Wales. Lung and tracheal diseases were present in 28% and 13% of the squirrels respectively. Specifically, focal inflammation (13%), focal macrophages with vacuolated cytoplasm (3%) and endogenous lipid pneumonia (3%). There was no significant difference in prevalence of lung, tracheal diseases, anthracosis (carbon presence) or lung DNA methylation levels between urban sites and urban and rural sites respectively or NO2 levels. BALT (Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) was significantly smaller in the site with highest NO2 and contained the highest carbon loading compared to sites with lower NO2, however differences in carbon loading in between sites were not significant. High pollution site individuals also had significantly higher numbers of alveolar macrophages which suggests that grey squirrels are exposed to and respond to traffic-related air pollution and further research is needed to understand the impact of traffic-related air pollutants on wildlife health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Torres-Blas
- Dept Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, N Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Helen Horsler
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ursula M Paredes
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Matthew Perkins
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Dept Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, N Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Patricia Brekke
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
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10
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Santana-Hernández KM, Rodríguez-Ponce E, Medina IR, Acosta-Hernández B, Priestnall SL, Vega S, Marin C, Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Marco-Fuertes A, Ayats T, García Beltrán T, Lupiola-Gómez PA. One Health Approach: Invasive California Kingsnake ( Lampropeltis californiae) as an Important Source of Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Salmonella Clones on Gran Canaria Island. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1790. [PMID: 37889724 PMCID: PMC10251910 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the reptile population has led to a rise in the number of zoonotic infections due to close contact with reptiles, with reptile-associated salmonellosis being particularly relevant. California kingsnake invasion not only threatens the endemic reptile population of the island of Gran Canaria (Spain) but also poses serious public health problems by spreading zoonotic pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to the environment. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the occurrence, genetic diversity, and AMR among Salmonella spp. strains isolated from California kingsnakes in Gran Canaria Island (Spain). Of 73 invasive individuals captured, 20.5% carried Salmonella spp., belonging to different subspecies and serovars, with subsp. salamae as the most abundant. Pulsed-field electrophoresis showed high genetic diversity among subsp. salamae isolates, and among these, 73.3% showed resistance to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. In conclusion, the present study revealed the importance of wild invasive California kingsnakes as reservoirs of drug-resistant Salmonella spp. that could pose a direct threat to livestock and humans. Identification of drug-resistant Salmonella strains in wildlife provides valuable information on potential routes of transmission that involve risks to public and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Santana-Hernández
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (K.M.S.-H.); (E.R.-P.); (I.R.M.); (B.A.-H.)
| | - Eligia Rodríguez-Ponce
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (K.M.S.-H.); (E.R.-P.); (I.R.M.); (B.A.-H.)
| | - Inmaculada Rosario Medina
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (K.M.S.-H.); (E.R.-P.); (I.R.M.); (B.A.-H.)
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Begoña Acosta-Hernández
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (K.M.S.-H.); (E.R.-P.); (I.R.M.); (B.A.-H.)
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK;
| | - Santiago Vega
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (C.M.)
| | - Clara Marin
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (C.M.)
| | - Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Marco-Fuertes
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (C.M.)
| | - Teresa Ayats
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa García Beltrán
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Pablo A. Lupiola-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
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11
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Martí-García B, Priestnall SL, Suárez-Bonnet A. Pathology and causes of death in captive meerkats ( Suricata suricatta). Vet Q 2023; 43:1-9. [PMID: 37140628 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2211120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meerkats (Suricata suricatta) are endemic carnivores of southern Africa and, although currently listed as "least concern" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list, there is evidence of a significant decrease in wild populations mainly attributed to effects of climate change. Little is known about diseases associated with mortality in captive meerkats. AIM To characterise macroscopic and microscopic lesions that accounted for the death or euthanasia in a series of captive meerkats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eight captive meerkats submitted for post-mortem examination between 2018 and 2022. RESULTS Three animals died unexpectedly without clinical signs, 2 exhibited neurological signs, 2 collapsed after con-specific fighting and 1 showed gastrointestinal signs. Common pathological findings of this study that may be related to the death of captive meerkats included foreign bodies (trichobezoars or plastic materials) within the alimentary tract, traumatic penetrating injuries or starvation associated with abnormal social behaviours (bullying and con-specific attacks), verminous pneumonia and systemic atherosclerosis. Common incidental findings included pulmonary edema and congestion, cholesterol granulomas, pulmonary adenomas and vertebral spondylosis. CONCLUSIONS Non-infectious diseases outreach infectious diseases as causes of mortality in captive meerkats including, foreign bodies within the alimentary tract, con-specific attacks and systemic atherosclerosis, which is described for the first time. These data should raise concern about appropriate husbandry (e.g. environmental enrichment, cleaning of facilities and diet formulation) by zookeepers and emphasise the need for further study of meerkat mortality in both captive and wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Martí-García
- Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, AL9 7TA
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, AL9 7TA
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom, AL9 7TA
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12
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Bandara Y, Priestnall SL, Chang YM, Kathrani A. Characterization of intestinal fibrosis in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:936-947. [PMID: 37052621 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis (IF) is commonly identified on histopathology of intestinal biopsy specimens (IBSp) from cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) however, its clinical relevance is unknown. OBJECTIVES Characterize and determine the clinical relevance of IF in cats with CIE. ANIMALS Sixty-five client-owned cats diagnosed with CIE after gastrointestinal histopathology from a single referral hospital in the United Kingdom. METHODS Medical records were retrospectively searched for cases of CIE on the basis of histopathology of IBSp. The IBSp from eligible cats were re-reviewed by a single board-certified veterinary pathologist for inclusion. Masson's trichrome (MT) stain and immunohistochemical labeling using antivimentin and anticollagen I antibodies to identify IF. For each case, various variables at the time of diagnostic investigation were recorded and referring veterinarians were contacted for follow-up information. RESULTS Mucosal fibrosis was identified in 51% of duodenal and 76% of colonic hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained IBSp. Vimentin labeling and MT staining identified additional cases of IF in 65% and 58% of the duodenal biopsy specimens, respectively. Vimentin labeling detected IF in 79% of the colonic biopsy specimens. Positive vimentin labeling and MT staining of the colonic mucosa were associated with decreased likelihood of attaining clinical remission and increased risk of death because of CIE (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Additional stains at initial histopathologic examination of IBSp allow for better identification of IF compared to routine HE staining. Identification of IF in colonic biopsy specimens by vimentin immunolabeling and MT staining may provide prognostic information in cats with CIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvani Bandara
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Aarti Kathrani
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
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13
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Hill W, Lim EL, Weeden CE, Lee C, Augustine M, Chen K, Kuan FC, Marongiu F, Evans EJ, Moore DA, Rodrigues FS, Pich O, Bakker B, Cha H, Myers R, van Maldegem F, Boumelha J, Veeriah S, Rowan A, Naceur-Lombardelli C, Karasaki T, Sivakumar M, De S, Caswell DR, Nagano A, Black JRM, Martínez-Ruiz C, Ryu MH, Huff RD, Li S, Favé MJ, Magness A, Suárez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, Lüchtenborg M, Lavelle K, Pethick J, Hardy S, McRonald FE, Lin MH, Troccoli CI, Ghosh M, Miller YE, Merrick DT, Keith RL, Al Bakir M, Bailey C, Hill MS, Saal LH, Chen Y, George AM, Abbosh C, Kanu N, Lee SH, McGranahan N, Berg CD, Sasieni P, Houlston R, Turnbull C, Lam S, Awadalla P, Grönroos E, Downward J, Jacks T, Carlsten C, Malanchi I, Hackshaw A, Litchfield K, DeGregori J, Jamal-Hanjani M, Swanton C. Lung adenocarcinoma promotion by air pollutants. Nature 2023; 616:159-167. [PMID: 37020004 PMCID: PMC7614604 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
A complete understanding of how exposure to environmental substances promotes cancer formation is lacking. More than 70 years ago, tumorigenesis was proposed to occur in a two-step process: an initiating step that induces mutations in healthy cells, followed by a promoter step that triggers cancer development1. Here we propose that environmental particulate matter measuring ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), known to be associated with lung cancer risk, promotes lung cancer by acting on cells that harbour pre-existing oncogenic mutations in healthy lung tissue. Focusing on EGFR-driven lung cancer, which is more common in never-smokers or light smokers, we found a significant association between PM2.5 levels and the incidence of lung cancer for 32,957 EGFR-driven lung cancer cases in four within-country cohorts. Functional mouse models revealed that air pollutants cause an influx of macrophages into the lung and release of interleukin-1β. This process results in a progenitor-like cell state within EGFR mutant lung alveolar type II epithelial cells that fuels tumorigenesis. Ultradeep mutational profiling of histologically normal lung tissue from 295 individuals across 3 clinical cohorts revealed oncogenic EGFR and KRAS driver mutations in 18% and 53% of healthy tissue samples, respectively. These findings collectively support a tumour-promoting role for PM2.5 air pollutants and provide impetus for public health policy initiatives to address air pollution to reduce disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Emilia L Lim
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Clare E Weeden
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Claudia Lee
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcellus Augustine
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Kezhong Chen
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Oncology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Che Kuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Edward J Evans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David A Moore
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Felipe S Rodrigues
- Tumour-Host Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Oriol Pich
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hongui Cha
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Renelle Myers
- BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Febe van Maldegem
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse Boumelha
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Selvaraju Veeriah
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Takahiro Karasaki
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Monica Sivakumar
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Swapnanil De
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Deborah R Caswell
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ai Nagano
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - James R M Black
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Carlos Martínez-Ruiz
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Min Hyung Ryu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan D Huff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shijia Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Alastair Magness
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Margreet Lüchtenborg
- National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), NHS England, Leeds, UK
- Centre for Cancer, Society and Public Health, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katrina Lavelle
- National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), NHS England, Leeds, UK
| | - Joanna Pethick
- National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), NHS England, Leeds, UK
| | - Steven Hardy
- National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), NHS England, Leeds, UK
| | - Fiona E McRonald
- National Disease Registration Service (NDRS), NHS England, Leeds, UK
| | - Meng-Hung Lin
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Clara I Troccoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Flagship Biosciences, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Moumita Ghosh
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - York E Miller
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel T Merrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert L Keith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Chris Bailey
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mark S Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lao H Saal
- SAGA Diagnostics, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yilun Chen
- SAGA Diagnostics, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anthony M George
- SAGA Diagnostics, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christopher Abbosh
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Nnennaya Kanu
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Peter Sasieni
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Stephen Lam
- BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philip Awadalla
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chan-Yeung Centre for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour-Host Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Allan Hackshaw
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
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14
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Paraschou G, Cook JM, Priestnall SL, Evans NJ, Staton GJ, Paterson GK, Winkler B, Whitbread TJ. Treponema spp. spirochetes and keratinopathogenic fungi isolated from keratomas in donkeys. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:190-198. [PMID: 36565270 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221144730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Keratoma is an aberrant keratin mass thought to originate from epidermal horn-producing cells interposed between the stratum medium of the hoof wall and the underlying third phalanx. The cause is unknown, although the presence of keratomas is frequently associated with chronic irritation, focal infection, or trauma. A total of 167 donkeys with keratomas were presented in this study. The diagnosis of a keratoma was based on clinical signs, radiography, and histopathologic examination. Surgical excision was attempted on all donkeys with lameness unless euthanasia was advised. Histopathologic examination, including Giemsa, periodic acid Schiff, and Young's silver special histochemical stains, was performed and showed the presence of fungal hyphae and spirochete bacteria within the degenerate keratin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for treponeme bacteria was performed on 10 keratoma lesions and 9 healthy pieces of hoof (controls). All healthy donkey tissues were negative for the 3 recognized digital dermatitis (DD) treponeme phylogroups, whereas 3 of 10 (30%) donkey keratoma samples were positive for one of the DD treponeme phylogroups. Routine fungal culture and PCR for fungi were performed on 8 keratoma lesions and 8 healthy pieces of hoof (controls). Keratinopathogenic fungi were detected in 1 of 8 (12.5%) keratomas, while only non-keratinopathogenic, environmental fungi were detected in 8 control healthy hoof samples. This is the first time the DD treponemes phylogroup and keratinopathogenic fungi have been detected in keratomas. Further studies are required to assess the significance of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Paraschou
- The Donkey Sanctuary, Devon, UK.,Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | | | | | - Nicholas J Evans
- University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gareth J Staton
- University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Bandara Y, Priestnall SL, Chang YM, Kathrani A. Outcome of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in cats: 65 cases (2011-2021). J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:121-129. [PMID: 36321188 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Feline chronic inflammatory enteropathy is an idiopathic disease with limited information on variables that might affect treatment outcome and survival. The aim of this study was to determine if clinicopathological variables were associated with death due to gastrointestinal disease in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three medical records databases were retrospectively searched for cats diagnosed with chronic inflammatory enteropathy at the Royal Veterinary College between June 2008 and November 2021. Intestinal biopsy specimens of eligible cases were re-reviewed by one board-certified veterinary pathologist. Outcome information was obtained by contact with the referring veterinary surgeon. Two univariable binary logistic regression models and a Fisher's exact test were performed to assess the association between the outcome of death due to gastrointestinal disease or its short-term survival (≤ versus >1 year) with clinicopathological variables and the attainment of clinical remission. RESULTS Sixty-five cats diagnosed with chronic inflammatory enteropathy between September 2011 and August 2021 were included in the study with follow-up information available for 54 cats (83%). Of these 54 cats, 20 (37%) were euthanised due to gastrointestinal disease (median 129.5 days; range 8 to 2970 days). Twenty-five (46%) cats were alive and in clinical remission (median 916 days; range 78 to 2113 days) with 16 (64%) diagnosed with food-responsive enteropathy. Attaining clinical remission reduced the likelihood of subsequent death due to gastrointestinal disease. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Measured physical and laboratory variables at the time of histopathological diagnosis of chronic inflammatory enteropathy were not predictors of death. Alternative diagnostic measures are required to definitively investigate outcome and survival in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bandara
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - S L Priestnall
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Y M Chang
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - A Kathrani
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
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16
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Paraschou G, Vogel PE, Lee AM, Trawford RF, Priestnall SL. Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease in three donkeys. J Comp Pathol 2023; 201:105-108. [PMID: 36791600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED) is a rare condition of equids characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of multiple organs. Clinical signs are variable depending on the affected organs. The most common clinical signs include chronic weight loss, diarrhoea and exfoliative dermatitis. Respiratory distress and raised liver enzymes are less frequently seen. The cause is unknown and the pathogenesis is poorly understood. There are less than 50 reported cases of horses with MEED. We now document the lesions in three donkeys with fluctuating or chronic loss of weight, lethargy, exfoliative dermatitis and peripheral eosinophilia. All three animals were euthanized due to poor prognosis and welfare concerns. Post-mortem examination revealed multiple white to tan, irregular masses composed of eosinophilic infiltrates, including eosinophilic granulomas in several organs, confirming the presence of MEED. To the best of our knowledge, MEED has not previously been reported in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Paraschou
- Pathology Laboratory, The Donkey Sanctuary, Brookfield Farm, Offwell, Honiton, Devon, UK; Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
| | - Polly E Vogel
- Veterinary Department, The Donkey Sanctuary, Brookfield Farm, Offwell, Honiton, Devon, UK
| | | | - Ryan F Trawford
- Pathology Laboratory, The Donkey Sanctuary, Brookfield Farm, Offwell, Honiton, Devon, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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17
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Rodriguez-Piza I, Borrego JF, Treggiari E, Verganti S, Priestnall SL, Lara-Garcia A. Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in 23 cats with laryngeal or tracheal lymphoma. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X221143769. [PMID: 36655881 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221143769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Feline primary laryngeal or tracheal lymphoma (PLTL) is an uncommon extranodal presentation. Information on long-term survival is scarce, although some small case series describe this being achieved with multiagent protocols; an accurate outcome for cats with PLTL is yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to gather information on the clinical presentation, response to treatment and outcome in a large case series of feline PLTL. METHODS This retrospective multicentre study included cats with a cytological or histopathological confirmation of PLTL. Histopathology samples, when available, were reassessed for grade and immunophenotype. Clinical (age, signalment, retroviral status, presence of anaemia, clinical signs, location and therapy type) and outcome (response, progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) variables were recorded. Survival analyses to assess the impact of variables on PFS and OS were performed. RESULTS Twenty-three cases were included; cats had a median age of 11 years (range 2-16) and the male:female ratio was 3.6:1. Common clinical signs at presentation included increased respiratory effort (74%) and abnormal upper respiratory tract sounds (48%). Immunophenotyping was performed in 48% of cases and all were B cell. Debulking surgery was performed in 26% of cases. All cats received chemotherapy, COP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone; 39%), CHOP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and prednisolone; 44%) and other protocols (17%); 35% had a partial response and 65% a complete response. Median PFS and OS were 909 days (range 23-1484) and 909 days (range 23-2423), respectively. Complete response was associated with longer PFS (P <0.001) and OS (P = 0.012). Pretreatment with steroids was associated with longer OS (P = 0.003). No other variable was found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE PLTL in cats is mostly of a B-cell phenotype, could be of a low-to-medium grade, and may respond to surgical and medical treatment with a longer survival time than has previously been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Rodriguez-Piza
- The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK.,Anicura Glòries Hospital Veterinari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Lara-Garcia
- The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK.,Evidensia AUNA Especialidades Veterinarias, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Boumelha J, de Carné Trécesson S, Law EK, Romero-Clavijo P, Coelho MA, Ng K, Mugarza E, Moore C, Rana S, Caswell DR, Murillo M, Hancock DC, Argyris PP, Brown WL, Durfee C, Larson LK, Vogel RI, Suárez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, East P, Ross SJ, Kassiotis G, Molina-Arcas M, Swanton C, Harris R, Downward J. An Immunogenic Model of KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancer Enables Evaluation of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy Combinations. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3435-3448. [PMID: 35930804 PMCID: PMC7613674 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in oncogenes such as KRAS and EGFR cause a high proportion of lung cancers. Drugs targeting these proteins cause tumor regression but ultimately fail to elicit cures. As a result, there is an intense interest in how to best combine targeted therapies with other treatments, such as immunotherapies. However, preclinical systems for studying the interaction of lung tumors with the host immune system are inadequate, in part due to the low tumor mutational burden in genetically engineered mouse models. Here we set out to develop mouse models of mutant KRAS-driven lung cancer with an elevated tumor mutational burden by expressing the human DNA cytosine deaminase, APOBEC3B, to mimic the mutational signature seen in human lung cancer. This failed to substantially increase clonal tumor mutational burden and autochthonous tumors remained refractory to immunotherapy. However, establishing clonal cell lines from these tumors enabled the generation of an immunogenic syngeneic transplantation model of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma that was sensitive to immunotherapy. Unexpectedly, antitumor immune responses were not directed against neoantigens but instead targeted derepressed endogenous retroviral antigens. The ability of KRASG12C inhibitors to cause regression of KRASG12C -expressing tumors was markedly potentiated by the adaptive immune system, highlighting the importance of using immunocompetent models for evaluating targeted therapies. Overall, this model provides a unique opportunity for the study of combinations of targeted and immunotherapies in immune-hot lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE This study develops a mouse model of immunogenic KRAS-mutant lung cancer to facilitate the investigation of optimal combinations of targeted therapies with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily K. Law
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | | | | | - Kevin Ng
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory
| | | | | | - Sareena Rana
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory
- Lung Cancer Group, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Miguel Murillo
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory
- Lung Cancer Group, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Prokopios P. Argyris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - William L. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Cameron Durfee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lindsay K. Larson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Rachel I. Vogel
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Experimental Histopathology, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Experimental Histopathology, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Reuben Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory
- Lung Cancer Group, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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19
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Lean FZX, Priestnall SL, Vitores AG, Suárez-Bonnet A, Brookes SM, Núñez A. Elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:564-568. [PMID: 36183613 PMCID: PMC9522311 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme within the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that plays a role in regulating blood pressure. However, it is also a cellular receptor for infection with SARS coronaviruses. Although most cats develop subclinical or mild disease following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) acquired from human patients, a previous study has suggested hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a potential risk factor for the development of severe disease in the cat. Herein we investigate the ACE2 protein expression in the lung, heart, and kidney from a small subset of cats with (n = 10) and without HCM (n = 10) by immunohistochemistry. The abundance and intensity of ACE2 expression is slightly elevated in alveoli (p = 0.09; 0.07, respectively) and bronchioles (p = 0.095; 0.37, respectively). However, statistically elevated abundance and intensity of ACE-2 expression was only evident in the heart of cats with HCM (p = 0.032; p = 0.011, respectively). Further investigation did not demonstrate a statistical correlation between the ACE2 expression in the heart in relation to the heart weight to body weight ratio, and the ventricular wall ratio. Current findings suggest an overexpression of ACE2 in HCM cases but follow up study is warranted to understand the pathophysiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Z X Lean
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, UK.
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, UK
| | - Ana Gómez Vitores
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, UK
| | | | - Alejandro Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, UK
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20
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Orós J, Priestnall SL, Suárez-Bonnet A. Histopathological description of iridophoromas resembling skin nodule syndrome in Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens. Dis Aquat Organ 2022; 151:23-27. [PMID: 36047671 DOI: 10.3354/dao03686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intensive breeding of the Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens, a species that inhabits marshlands in Thailand and other countries in south-east Asia, was traditionally focused on game fighting because the males are very territorial, but has evolved to become mainly devoted to ornamental purposes. Recently, a preliminarily named 'skin nodule syndrome' (SNS) has been described affecting this fish species in Thailand, with multiple bacterial infections suggested, including 4 species of Mycobacterium spp., although the etiology remains elusive. Here we describe the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 2 iridophoromas in 2 male Siamese fighting fish that strongly resemble the lesions described for SNS. Immunohistochemical analysis yielded negative results for Melan-A, PNL-2, and S-100, likely due to species-specific reasons. The results for molecular detection of mycobacterial DNA were also negative in both cases. The published histological lesions of SNS are very similar to the 4 chromatophoromas that have been reported affecting this species since 2015. Taken together with the present cases, we hypothesize that the preliminarily named SNS in fighting fish may be characterized as invasive chromatophoromas, although the true etiology remains to be elucidated and could include infectious and non-infectious causes. Further studies are necessary to examine whether commercial breeding of Siamese fighting fish has resulted in a possible genetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Orós
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain
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21
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Smither SJ, Kempster S, Priestnall SL, Suárez-Bonnet A, Stapleton H, Laws TR, Ferguson D, Almond N, Lever MS, Williamson ED. Early Isolates of SARS-CoV-2 Result in Different Pathogenesis in the Transduced Mouse Model of COVID-19. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081769. [PMID: 36016391 PMCID: PMC9414617 DOI: 10.3390/v14081769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A transduced mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection was established using Balb/c mice. This was achieved through the adenovirus-vectored delivery of the hACE2 gene, to render the mice transiently susceptible to the virus. The model was characterised in terms of the dissemination of hACE2 receptor expression, the dissemination of three SARS-CoV-2 virus variants in vivo up to 10 days following challenge, the resulting histopathology and the clinical signs induced in the mice. In transduced mice, the infection was short-term, with a rapid loss in body weight starting at day 2 with maximum weight loss at day 4, followed by subsequent recovery until day 10. The induced expression of the hACE2 receptor was evident in the lungs, but, upon challenge, the SARS-CoV-2 virus disseminated beyond the lungs to spleen, liver and kidney, peaking at day 2 post infection. However, by day 10 post infection, the virus was undetectable. The lung histopathology was characterised by bronchial and alveolar inflammation, which was still present at day 10 post infection. Transduced mice had differential responses to viral variants ranking CVR-Glasgow 1 > Victoria-1 > England-2 isolates in terms of body weight loss. The transduced mouse model provides a consistent and manipulatable model of SARS-CoV-2 infection to screen viral variants for their relative virulence and possible interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J. Smither
- Chemical Biological and Radiological (CBR) Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1980-651-082
| | - Sarah Kempster
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Helen Stapleton
- Chemical Biological and Radiological (CBR) Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Thomas R. Laws
- Chemical Biological and Radiological (CBR) Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Deborah Ferguson
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Neil Almond
- Division of Infectious Disease Diagnostics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Mark S. Lever
- Chemical Biological and Radiological (CBR) Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - E. Diane Williamson
- Chemical Biological and Radiological (CBR) Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK
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22
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Lean FZX, Núñez A, Spiro S, Priestnall SL, Vreman S, Bailey D, James J, Wrigglesworth E, Suarez-Bonnet A, Conceicao C, Thakur N, Byrne AMP, Ackroyd S, Delahay RJ, van der Poel WHM, Brown IH, Fooks AR, Brookes SM. Differential susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 in animals: Evidence of ACE2 host receptor distribution in companion animals, livestock and wildlife by immunohistochemical characterisation. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:2275-2286. [PMID: 34245662 PMCID: PMC8447087 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a host cell membrane protein (receptor) that mediates the binding of coronavirus, most notably SARS coronaviruses in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection is mainly confined to humans, there have been numerous incidents of spillback (reverse zoonoses) to domestic and captive animals. An absence of information on the spatial distribution of ACE2 in animal tissues limits our understanding of host species susceptibility. Here, we describe the distribution of ACE2 using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on histological sections derived from carnivores, ungulates, primates and chiroptera. Comparison of mink (Neovison vison) and ferret (Mustela putorius furo) respiratory tracts showed substantial differences, demonstrating that ACE2 is present in the lower respiratory tract of mink but not ferrets. The presence of ACE2 in the respiratory tract in some species was much more restricted as indicated by limited immunolabelling in the nasal turbinate, trachea and lungs of cats (Felis catus) and only the nasal turbinate in the golden Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). In the lungs of other species, ACE2 could be detected on the bronchiolar epithelium of the sheep (Ovis aries), cattle (Bos taurus), European badger (Meles meles), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), tiger and lion (Panthera spp.). In addition, ACE2 was present in the nasal mucosa epithelium of the serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus) but not in pig (Sus scrofa domestica), cattle or sheep. In the intestine, ACE2 immunolabelling was seen on the microvillus of enterocytes (surface of intestine) across various taxa. These results provide anatomical evidence of ACE2 expression in a number of species which will enable further understanding of host susceptibility and tissue tropism of ACE2 receptor-mediated viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Z X Lean
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Alejandro Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | - Simon Spiro
- Wildlife Health Services, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, UK
| | - Sandra Vreman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joe James
- Department of Virology, APHA, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Alejandro Suarez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stuart Ackroyd
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, UK
| | | | | | - Ian H Brown
- Department of Virology, APHA, Addlestone, Surrey, UK
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23
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Schulman FY, Roccabianca P, Avallone G, Bertram CA, Chalkley M, Chambers JK, Donovan TA, Foster RA, Meuten D, Porcellato I, Priestnall SL, Rasotto R, Uchida K, Webster JD, Wood GA, Caswell JL. Reporting guidelines for manuscripts on tumor prognosis. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:397-398. [DOI: 10.1177/03009858221082207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Fortuna L, Yaffy D, Priestnall SL, Cook S. Pulmonary arterial thromboses and gall bladder wall oedema in a cat with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Vet Record Case Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fortuna
- Department of Clinical Science and Services Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK
| | - Dylan Yaffy
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK
| | - Simon Cook
- Department of Clinical Science and Services Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK
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25
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Wong H, Byrne S, Rasotto R, Drees R, Taylor A, Priestnall SL, Leo C. A Retrospective Study of Clinical and Histopathological Features of 81 Cases of Canine Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Anal Sac: Independent Clinical and Histopathological Risk Factors Associated with Outcome. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113327. [PMID: 34828058 PMCID: PMC8614406 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASAC) is a malignant tumour with variable clinical progression. The objective of this study was to use robust multivariate models, based on models employed in human medical oncology, to establish clinical and histopathological risk factors of poor survival. Clinical data and imaging of 81 cases with AGASAC were reviewed. Tissue was available for histological review and immunohistochemistry in 49 cases. Tumour and lymph node size were determined using the response evaluation criteria in the solid tumours system (RECIST). Modelling revealed tumour size over 2 cm, lymph node size grouped in three tiers by the two thresholds 1.6 cm and 5 cm, surgical management, and radiotherapy were independent clinical variables associated with survival, irrespective of tumour stage. Tumour size over 1.3 cm and presence of distant metastasis were independent clinical variables associated with the first progression-free interval. The presence of the histopathological variables of tumour necrosis, a solid histological pattern, and vascular invasion in the primary tumour were independent risk factors of poor survival. Based upon these independent risk factors, scoring algorithms to predict survival in AGASAC patients are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wong
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+44-(0)-1223-337701
| | - Stephanie Byrne
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (S.B.); (R.D.); (A.T.); (C.L.)
| | - Roberta Rasotto
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire CB8 OUH, UK;
| | - Randi Drees
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (S.B.); (R.D.); (A.T.); (C.L.)
| | - Angela Taylor
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (S.B.); (R.D.); (A.T.); (C.L.)
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK;
| | - Chiara Leo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (S.B.); (R.D.); (A.T.); (C.L.)
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26
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Jeanes EC, Wegg ML, Mitchell JA, Priestnall SL, Fleming L, Dawson C. Comparison of the prevalence of Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus in a population of cats with uveitis and in a healthy blood donor cat population in the United Kingdom. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 25:165-172. [PMID: 34806802 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus (DCH) is a novel virus recently identified in the domestic cat. Currently, little is known regarding its clinical significance. The hepadnaviridae family includes the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Co-infection of HBV and Hepatitis C in humans increases the risk of uveitis. We aimed to determine whether DCH is present in the United Kingdom (UK) and whether DCH warrants investigation as a potential cause of uveitis in cats. PROCEDURES Clinical records from the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) and the Animal Health Trust (AHT) were reviewed for feline cases diagnosed with endogenous uveitis. A healthy control group was identified from cats presented to the RVC as blood donors. DNA was extracted from stored blood samples using commercially available kits. Polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to confirm the presence of feline DNA and to detect the presence of DCH DNA using previously described protocols. RESULTS Blood samples were available from 65 cats with endogenous uveitis and 43 healthy control cats. Two blood samples from cats with endogenous uveitis tested positive for the presence of DCH DNA. DCH DNA was not detected in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of DCH between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus is present in the UK. This study failed to demonstrate a conclusive link between DCH and uveitis in cats, although further studies to investigate an association with other feline diseases are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Jeanes
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Michaela L Wegg
- Animal Health Trust. Centre for Small Animal Studies, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | | | | | - Lorraine Fleming
- Animal Health Trust. Centre for Small Animal Studies, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - Charlotte Dawson
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
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27
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Rappe JC, Finsterbusch K, Crotta S, Mack M, Priestnall SL, Wack A. A TLR7 antagonist restricts interferon-dependent and -independent immunopathology in a mouse model of severe influenza. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201631. [PMID: 34473195 PMCID: PMC8421264 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-mediated immune-cell recruitment and inflammation contribute to protection in respiratory virus infection. However, uncontrolled inflammation and the "cytokine storm" are hallmarks of immunopathology in severe infection. Cytokine storm is a broad term for a phenomenon with diverse characteristics and drivers, depending on host genetics, age, and other factors. Taking advantage of the differential use of virus-sensing systems by different cell types, we test the hypothesis that specifically blocking TLR7-dependent, immune cell-produced cytokines reduces influenza-related immunopathology. In a mouse model of severe influenza characterized by a type I interferon (IFN-I)-driven cytokine storm, TLR7 antagonist treatment leaves epithelial antiviral responses unaltered but acts through pDCs and monocytes to reduce IFN-I and other cytokines in the lung, thus ameliorating inflammation and severity. Moreover, even in the absence of IFN-I signaling, TLR7 antagonism reduces inflammation and mortality driven by monocyte-produced chemoattractants and neutrophil recruitment into the infected lung. Hence, TLR7 antagonism reduces diverse types of cytokine storm in severe influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C.F. Rappe
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
- Experimental Histopathology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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28
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Glanemann B, Seo YJ, Priestnall SL, Garden OA, Kilburn L, Rossoni-Serao M, Segarra S, Mochel JP, Allenspach K. Clinical efficacy of prebiotics and glycosaminoglycans versus placebo In dogs with food responsive enteropathy receiving a hydrolyzed diet: A pilot study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250681. [PMID: 34673776 PMCID: PMC8530283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of remission is easily achieved with dietary treatment in dogs diagnosed with Food Responsive Chronic Diarrhea (FRD). Administration of prebiotics and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) may improve epithelial cell integrity and therefore be useful as adjunct treatment. This study evaluated whether the relapse rate of FRD dogs that are switched back to a normal diet can be influenced using supplemental treatment with prebiotics and GAGs. A randomized, controlled clinical trial (RCCT) was performed in dogs diagnosed with FRD. Dogs were diagnosed based on clinical exclusion diagnosis, endoscopic biopsies showing predominantly lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and response to dietary treatment. Dogs were randomized to be fed a combination of prebiotics and GAGs (group 1) or placebo (group 2) in addition to a hydrolyzed diet. At week 10, a second endoscopy was performed and dogs were switched back to normal diet. Relapse rate was monitored every 2 weeks after that until week 18. Statistical analysis was performed for each outcome (Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI), clinicopathological data, endoscopic scoring, mWSAVA histological scoring index (mWSAVA), and number of relapses following switch to normal diet) using a linear mixed effects model for group comparison. Time, group, and their interactions were included as a fixed effect, whereas each dog was treated as a random effect. Of the 35 dogs enrolled into the clinical trial, 10 in each group reached the point of second endoscopy. A total of 13 dogs (n = 8 in group 1 and n = 5 in group 2) reached the trial endpoint of 18 weeks. After switching back to normal diet, none of the dogs in either group relapsed. No significant differences were found over time or between groups for CCECAI, endoscopy scoring and histological scoring. Although there was a clinical worsening in the placebo group after switching back to the original diet, this was not statistically significant (CCECAI p = 0.58). Post-hoc power calculation revealed that 63 dogs per group would have been needed to detect statistically significant differences in CIBDAI between treatment groups. Standard dietary treatment induced rapid clinical response in all cases, however, additional supplementation with prebiotics and GAGs did not significantly improve clinical outcome within 4 months after switching back to normal diet. Since there are very few RCCT published in CE in dogs, this pilot study provides important power analyses for planning of further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Glanemann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yeon-Jung Seo
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver A. Garden
- Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania College of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Logan Kilburn
- Animal Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
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29
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Hardas A, Priestnall SL, Pittaway R, Purzycka K, English K, Attipa C. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:853-856. [PMID: 34609181 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.8.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Moberg HL, Gramer I, Schofield I, Blackwood L, Killick D, Priestnall SL, Guillén A. Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of canine malignant mesothelioma: A retrospective study of 34 cases. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:304-312. [PMID: 34647420 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine malignant mesothelioma (CMM) is a rare and aggressive tumour associated with a poor prognosis. Limited information is available regarding effective treatment options and prognostic factors. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe the clinical presentation, treatment and survival in a cohort of dogs with this disease and to investigate possible prognostic factors. Thirty-four dogs were included. Tachypnoea and dyspnoea due to pleural effusion were the most common presenting clinical signs. Twenty-two dogs had a subcutaneous access port placed and 25 dogs were treated with intracavitary and/or intravenous chemotherapy. The main protocols used were single-agent 5-FU (n = 14) and carboplatin single-agent or alternated with mitoxantrone (n = 10). The overall response rate (defined as more than 25% reduction in effusion volume) to chemotherapy treatment was 37% after 3-weeks and 24% after 15-weeks. The median survival time (MST) for all dogs was 195 days (95% CI 53-324). MST was 234 days for dogs receiving chemotherapy and 29 days for dogs not receiving chemotherapy. The 1-year survival rate was 22% for all dogs. Treatment with chemotherapy was the only significant prognostic factor associated with survival (p = .001). Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment approach for malignant mesothelioma in dogs. Nevertheless, effusion recurrence should be expected and the prognosis for these patients in the long-term is poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Larsen Moberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Irina Gramer
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Imogen Schofield
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Laura Blackwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - David Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Alexandra Guillén
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
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31
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Paraschou G, Buil J, Timofte D, Priestnall SL. Oesophageal Obstruction in a Donkey Due to Mediastinal Lymphadenitis Caused by Mycobacterium avium Complex. J Comp Pathol 2021; 185:66-71. [PMID: 34119233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections are rare in horses, donkeys and mules. Although there are a few reports in horses, mycobacterial disease is poorly documented in the donkey. Mycobacterial infection of equine species typically affects the alimentary tract, causing granulomatous enterocolitis resulting in diarrhoea and chronic weight loss, while lymph nodes and liver may also be affected. We now document recurrent oesophageal obstruction, secondary to cranial mediastinal lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MAC infection in a donkey in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Paraschou
- Pathology Laboratory, UK; Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | | | - Dorina Timofte
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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32
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Yale AD, Priestnall SL, Pittaway R, Taylor AJ. Thymic epithelial tumours in 51 dogs: Histopathologic and clinicopathologic findings. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:50-58. [PMID: 34036722 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Canine thymic epithelial tumours (TET) are uncommon and little is known about their behaviour. Previous attempts at histologic classification have varied, and as such reliable prognostic information is unavailable. The aim of this retrospective multi-institutional study was to evaluate cases of canine TETs, irrespective of subtype, in order to identify useful histopathologic and clinicopathologic prognostic factors. Cases were included if the tumour arose from the cranial mediastinum and a diagnosis of TET was made on the basis of histopathology. Fifty-one dogs were included. In addition to clinicopathologic data, histology samples were reviewed for the following features: mitotic count, percentage of necrosis, presence of Hassall's corpuscles, lymphocytic infiltrate, cellular pleomorphism and vascular or capsular invasion. The median survival time for all dogs was 449 days. The 1- and 2-year survival rate was 52.6% and 26.3% respectively. On multivariable analysis surgical excision of the thymic tumour was associated with significantly prolonged survival; the presence of metastasis, myasthenia gravis and moderate or marked cellular pleomorphism were associated with significantly reduced survival. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate prognostic factors to aid treatment recommendations.
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Hardas A, Suárez-Bonnet A, Beck S, Becker WE, Ramírez GA, Priestnall SL. Canine Gastric Carcinomas: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study and Similarities with the Human Counterpart. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051409. [PMID: 34069167 PMCID: PMC8156491 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric carcinoma (GC) continues to be one of the leading causes of death in humans and is the most common neoplasm in the stomachs of dogs. In both species, previous studies have demonstrated that the disease is heterogeneous, with genetic and environmental factors playing a quintessential role in disease pathogenesis. Compared to humans, the incidence of gastric carcinoma in dogs is low although, in a small number of breeds, a higher incidence has been reported. In dogs, the etiology and molecular pathways involved remain largely unknown. This retrospective study reviews current signalment data, evaluates the inflammatory component and association with Helicobacter spp. presence in various canine gastric carcinoma histological subtypes, and investigates potential molecular pathways involved in one of the largest study cohorts to date. The benefit of such a comparative study is to highlight the parallel histological features and molecular pathways between dogs and humans. Abstract Canine gastric carcinoma (CGC) affects both sexes in relatively equal proportions, with a mean age of nine years, and the highest frequency in Staffordshire bull terriers. The most common histological subtype in 149 CGC cases was the undifferentiated carcinoma. CGCs were associated with increased chronic inflammation parameters and a greater chronic inflammatory score when Helicobacter spp. were present. Understanding the molecular pathways of gastric carcinoma is challenging. All markers showed variable expression for each subtype. Expression of the cell cycle regulator 14-3-3σ was positive in undifferentiated, tubular and papillary carcinomas. This demonstrates that 14-3-3σ could serve as an immunohistochemical marker in routine diagnosis and that mucinous, papillary and signet-ring cell (SRC) carcinomas follow a 14-3-3σ independent pathway. p16, another cell cycle regulator, showed increased expression in mucinous and SRC carcinomas. Expression of the adhesion molecules E-cadherin and CD44 appear context-dependent, with switching within tumor emboli potentially playing an important role in tumor cell survival, during invasion and metastasis. Within neoplastic emboli, acinar structures lacked expression of all markers, suggesting an independent molecular pathway that requires further investigation. These findings demonstrate similarities and differences between dogs and humans, albeit further clinicopathological data and molecular analysis are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Hardas
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Sam Beck
- VPG Histology, Horfield, Bristol BS7 0BJ, UK;
| | - William E. Becker
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine (ETSEA), University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
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Cole LP, Hardas A, Priestnall SL, Tinson EW. Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome in a cat with Klebsiella spp. infection. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021; 31:531-536. [PMID: 33949088 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a case of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome of adrenocortical failure in a cat with Klebsiella spp. infection. CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old male neutered domestic short-haired cat was referred for respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. The cat remained comatose despite successful weaning from the ventilator and developed a Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia. On day 4 of hospitalization, the cat acutely deteriorated with profound hypotension, azotemia, and hyperkalemia, which rapidly progressed to cardiac arrest. Necropsy findings revealed massive adrenal hemorrhage and intralesional bacteria, termed Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome was suspected to have been the cause of acquired adrenocortical insufficiency and sudden death of the cat. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of sepsis causing Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome in a veterinary species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Cole
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Alexandros Hardas
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Erica W Tinson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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Economu L, Chang YM, Priestnall SL, Kathrani A. The effect of assisted enteral feeding on treatment outcome in dogs with inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1297-1305. [PMID: 33931908 PMCID: PMC8163126 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of assisted enteral feeding on treatment outcome in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine if dogs with inflammatory PLE that had an enteral feeding tube placed had better outcome vs dogs with inflammatory PLE without a feeding tube. ANIMALS Fifty-seven dogs with inflammatory PLE. METHODS A retrospective study at a UK referral hospital identified dogs with inflammatory PLE using a standard diagnostic criterion. Positive outcome was defined as survival greater than 6 months or death unrelated to PLE and negative outcome as death related to PLE within 6 months of diagnosis. Several variables were assessed to identify factors for positive outcome using logistic regression. RESULTS Thirty-five (61%) and 22 (39%) dogs had a positive and negative outcome at 6 months, respectively. Of the 21 dogs that had a feeding tube placed within 5 days of gastrointestinal biopsy, 16 (76%) had a positive outcome and 5 (24%) had a negative outcome. Dogs treated with dietary treatment alone (P = .002) and dogs with an enteral feeding tube (P = .006) were significantly associated with a positive outcome. When stratified by treatment, assisted enteral feeding was significantly associated with a positive outcome in dogs treated with concurrent immunosuppressive treatment (P = .006), but there was insufficient data to evaluate dogs treated with dietary treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Assisted enteral feeding in dogs with inflammatory PLE could be associated with improved treatment outcome, especially in those receiving immunosuppressive treatment, and should be considered in the treatment plan of these dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Aarti Kathrani
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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Suárez-Bonnet A, Casas-García D, Montenegro-Martínez I, Santana Gonzalez A, Lopez Perea B, Priestnall SL. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:719-722. [PMID: 32955398 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.7.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Three donkeys were presented with progressive lameness and distal suspensory ligament breakdown in multiple limbs. Treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was only partially effective and eventually the donkeys were euthanized due to further progression of the lameness and concerns for their welfare. At necropsy, the distal part of the suspensory ligaments in multiple limbs, including the suspensory ligament branches, was markedly thickened, enlarged, and mottled white and brown on cut section. In one case, adult Onchocerca sp. nematodes were grossly identified embedded within the suspensory ligaments. Histopathologic examination revealed chronic, multifocal to coalescing, moderate to severe, lymphoplasmacytic, eosinophilic, and fibrosing desmitis and tendinitis with intralesional, coiled adult nematodes of Onchocerca sp., accompanied by osseous and cartilaginous metaplasia. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first histopathologic description of suspensory ligament desmitis and tendinitis associated with Onchocerca sp. in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Paraschou
- 138757The Donkey Sanctuary, Devon, UK.,325262Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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Yale AD, Szladovits B, Stell AJ, Fitzgerald SD, Priestnall SL, Suarez-Bonnet A. High-Grade Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumour with Widespread Intrathoracic Metastasis and Neoplastic Pericardial Effusion in a Dog. J Comp Pathol 2020; 180:29-34. [PMID: 33222871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old neutered male French Bulldog was presented with a 2-day history of intermittent vomiting, reduced appetite and recent rapid development of multiple cutaneous masses over the head and neck regions. On presentation, the patient had a moderate volume of pericardial and bilateral pleural effusion. Echocardiography demonstrated irregular, heterogeneous thickening of the walls of the right ventricle and right atrium, consistent with infiltrative intramyocardial disease. Cytological examination of fine needle aspirates from one of the cutaneous masses confirmed a mast cell tumour. Pericardial fluid analysis revealed a haemorrhagic neoplastic effusion due to mast cell neoplasia. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of tissues obtained post mortem confirmed a high-grade cutaneous mast cell tumour with metastasis to the heart, pericardium, mediastinum and spleen. No metastatic disease was present in the submandibular lymph nodes or liver. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated KIT staining pattern 2. There was strong nuclear Ki67 labelling in an average of 65.0 cells per grid and an average of three positive AgNORs per nucleus in neoplastic cells. Polymerase chain reaction for the activating duplication mutation in exons 8 and 11 of c-Kit were negative. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a canine cutaneous mast cell tumour associated with neoplastic pericardial effusion and widespread intrathoracic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Scott D Fitzgerald
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Suárez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, Ramírez GA, Molín J, Jaber JR. Aberrant Expression of Cell Cycle Regulator 14-3-3-σ and E-Cadherin in a Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma in a Vervet Monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). J Comp Pathol 2020; 179:25-30. [PMID: 32958143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a unique case of metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with concurrent abdominal cestodiasis in an African green monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) that presented with respiratory insufficiency and abdominal discomfort. There were multiple white-grey masses in the liver and colonic serosa alongside intra-abdominal parasitic cysts. Histopathologically, the liver masses were composed of poorly-differentiated epithelial cells that formed densely cellular solid areas and trabeculae. The neoplastic cells were strongly immunopositive for CK7 but negative for Hep-Par1 antigen, which confirmed a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Interestingly, there was strong and diffuse neoexpression in the tumour of the cell cycle regulator 14-3-3σ, which is not constitutively expressed in normal liver. There was aberrantly strong expression of E-cadherin, a key cell-cell adhesion protein, in neoplastic cells with evidence of cytoplasmic internalization. This is the first immunohistochemical analysis of 14-3-3σ and E-cadherin in a liver neoplasm in an animal species and the use of these markers requires further investigation in animal liver neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
| | - S L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - G A Ramírez
- Department of Animal Science, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - J Molín
- Department of Animal Science, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - J R Jaber
- Morphology Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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40
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Suárez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, Ramírez GA, González-Sánchez C, Jaber JR. Scent (Apocrine) Gland Adenocarcinoma in a Wedge-Capped Capuchin Monkey (Cebus olivaceus): Histological and Immunohistochemical Features. J Comp Pathol 2020; 179:1-6. [PMID: 32958142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In humans, apocrine gland tumours encompass a heterogeneous group of uncommon neoplasms with varied and unpredictable biological behaviour. They can be slow-growing lesions, recur after excision, produce lymph node metastasis in up to 50% of cases or lead to tumour-related death. We document a malignant scent adenocarcinoma in a wedge-capped capuchin monkey (Cebus olivaceus). Immunohistochemical labelling revealed complete absence of myoepithelial cells, a finding usually considered a hallmark of malignancy in humans; however, after a 2-year follow-up, the neoplasm had not recurred. This is the first detailed report of the pathology of a spontaneous scent (apocrine) gland adenocarcinoma in a non-human primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - S L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - G A Ramírez
- Department of Animal Science, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - C González-Sánchez
- Hospital Perpetuo Socorro, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J R Jaber
- Morphology Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
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Williams MJ, Wong HE, Priestnall SL, Szladovits B, Stapleton N, Hedley J. Anaplastic Sarcoma and Sertoli Cell Tumor in a Central Bearded Dragon ( Pogona vitticeps). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 30:68-73. [PMID: 33633500 DOI: 10.5818/18-04-154.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A five-year-old male central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) was presented for investigation of blood in the voided urates. A small cutaneous mass was detected in the gular region, but clinical examination was otherwise unremarkable. Fecal parasitology was negative. Initially, further diagnostics were declined, and antimicrobial treatment was initiated. At re-examination one month later, the gular mass had increased in size and an additional mass was detected within the celomic cavity. Both masses were surgically excised and diagnosed by histopathology as a high-grade anaplastic sarcoma (gular mass), resembling a histiocytic sarcoma, and a Sertoli cell tumor (coelomic mass). Neither of these have been previously reported in the central bearded dragon. Twenty months post-surgery, the lizard remains well with no recurrence of clinical signs or evidence of tumor re-growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Williams
- Locum veterinary surgeon, 18 Hawkley Drive, Tadley, Hampshire, RG26 3YH, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah E Wong
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Locum veterinary surgeon, 18 Hawkley Drive, Tadley, Hampshire, RG26 3YH, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Balazs Szladovits
- Locum veterinary surgeon, 18 Hawkley Drive, Tadley, Hampshire, RG26 3YH, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Nadene Stapleton
- Locum veterinary surgeon, 18 Hawkley Drive, Tadley, Hampshire, RG26 3YH, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Hedley
- Locum veterinary surgeon, 18 Hawkley Drive, Tadley, Hampshire, RG26 3YH, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
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Major J, Crotta S, Llorian M, McCabe TM, Gad HH, Priestnall SL, Hartmann R, Wack A. Type I and III interferons disrupt lung epithelial repair during recovery from viral infection. Science 2020; 369:712-717. [PMID: 32527928 PMCID: PMC7292500 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are central to antiviral immunity. Viral recognition elicits IFN production, which in turn triggers the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which engage in various antiviral functions. Type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) are widely expressed and can result in immunopathology during viral infections. By contrast, type III IFN (IFN-λ) responses are primarily restricted to mucosal surfaces and are thought to confer antiviral protection without driving damaging proinflammatory responses. Accordingly, IFN-λ has been proposed as a therapeutic in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other such viral respiratory diseases (see the Perspective by Grajales-Reyes and Colonna). Broggi et al. report that COVID-19 patient morbidity correlates with the high expression of type I and III IFNs in the lung. Furthermore, IFN-λ secreted by dendritic cells in the lungs of mice exposed to synthetic viral RNA causes damage to the lung epithelium, which increases susceptibility to lethal bacterial superinfections. Similarly, using a mouse model of influenza infection, Major et al. found that IFN signaling (especially IFN-λ) hampers lung repair by inducing p53 and inhibiting epithelial proliferation and differentiation. Complicating this picture, Hadjadj et al. observed that peripheral blood immune cells from severe and critical COVID-19 patients have diminished type I IFN and enhanced proinflammatory interleukin-6– and tumor necrosis factor-α–fueled responses. This suggests that in contrast to local production, systemic production of IFNs may be beneficial. The results of this trio of studies suggest that the location, timing, and duration of IFN exposure are critical parameters underlying the success or failure of therapeutics for viral respiratory infections. Science, this issue p. 706, p. 712, p. 718; see also p. 626 Excessive cytokine signaling frequently exacerbates lung tissue damage during respiratory viral infection. Type I (IFN-α and IFN-β) and III (IFN-λ) interferons are host-produced antiviral cytokines. Prolonged IFN-α and IFN-β responses can lead to harmful proinflammatory effects, whereas IFN-λ mainly signals in epithelia, thereby inducing localized antiviral immunity. In this work, we show that IFN signaling interferes with lung repair during influenza recovery in mice, with IFN-λ driving these effects most potently. IFN-induced protein p53 directly reduces epithelial proliferation and differentiation, which increases disease severity and susceptibility to bacterial superinfections. Thus, excessive or prolonged IFN production aggravates viral infection by impairing lung epithelial regeneration. Timing and duration are therefore critical parameters of endogenous IFN action and should be considered carefully for IFN therapeutic strategies against viral infections such as influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Major
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Miriam Llorian
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Teresa M McCabe
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hans Henrik Gad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.,Experimental Histopathology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Arthurs C, Suarez-Bonnet A, Willis C, Xie B, Machulla N, Mair TS, Cao K, Millar M, Thrasivoulou C, Priestnall SL, Ahmed A. Equine penile squamous cell carcinoma: expression of biomarker proteins and EcPV2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7863. [PMID: 32398763 PMCID: PMC7217868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine penile squamous cell carcinoma (EpSCC) is a relatively common cutaneous neoplasm with a poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to determine the protein expression and colocalisation of FRA1, c-Myc, Cyclin D1, and MMP7 in normal (NT), tumour (T), hyperplastic epidermis and/or squamous papilloma (Hyp/Pap), poorly-differentiated (PDSCC), or well-differentiated (WDSCC) EpSCC using a tissue array approach. Further objectives were to correlate protein expression to (i) levels of inflammation, using a convolutional neural network (ii) equine papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2) infection, detected using PCR amplification. We found an increase in expression of FRA1 in EpSCC compared to NT samples. c-Myc expression was higher in Hyp/Pap and WDSCC but not PDSCC whereas MMP7 was reduced in WDSCC compared with NT. There was a significant increase in the global intersection coefficient (GIC) of FRA1 with MMP7, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 in EpSCC. Conversely, GIC for MMP7 with c-Myc was reduced in EpSCC tissue. Inflammation was positively associated with EcPV2 infection in both NT and EpSCC but not Hyp/Pap. Changes in protein expression could be correlated with EcPV2 for Cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Our results evaluate novel biomarkers of EpSCC and a putative correlation between the expression of biomarkers, EcPV2 infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Arthurs
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Suarez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Claire Willis
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Boyu Xie
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Machulla
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim S Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Maidstone, UK
| | - Kevin Cao
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Millar
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Thrasivoulou
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Centre for Cell and Molecular Dynamics, Rockefeller Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Aamir Ahmed
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Discovered in 2003 at the Royal Veterinary College, London, canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is a betacoronavirus of dogs and major cause of canine infectious respiratory disease complex. Generally causing mild clinical signs of persistent cough and nasal discharge, the virus is highly infectious and is most prevalent in rehoming shelters worldwide where dogs are often closely housed and infections endemic. As the world grapples with the current COVID-19 pandemic, the scientific community is searching for a greater understanding of a novel virus infecting humans. Similar to other betacoronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 appears to have crossed the species barrier, most likely from bats, clearly reinforcing the One Health concept. Veterinary pathologists are familiar with coronavirus infections in animals, and now more than ever this knowledge and understanding, based on many years of veterinary research, could provide valuable answers for our medical colleagues. Here I review the early research on CRCoV where seroprevalence, early immune response, and pathogenesis are some of the same key questions being asked by scientists globally during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Purzycka K, Peters LM, Elliott J, Lamb CR, Priestnall SL, Hardas A, Johnston CA, Rodriguez-Piza I. Histiocytic sarcoma in miniature schnauzers: 30 cases. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:338-345. [PMID: 32323304 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarise the clinical presentation and outcomes in a series of miniature schnauzers diagnosed with histiocytic sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of medical records of miniature schnauzers diagnosed with histiocytic sarcoma between 2008 and 2019 at two referral centres in the UK. Signalment, clinical signs at initial presentation, imaging results and clinico- and histopathological findings, treatment type and outcome were recorded. Progression-free survival and overall survival time were calculated. RESULTS Thirty dogs were included. Twenty-four of 29 dogs undergoing imaging of the thorax had lung and/or mediastinal involvement. The median overall survival time for dogs that were not euthanased within 3 days of diagnosis was 117 days (range 10 to 790). Three dogs underwent surgery; 13 received treatment with lomustine as a sole therapy - with partial responses documented on imaging in five of six dogs and 11 of 13 showing clinical improvement. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Histiocytic sarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for miniature schnauzers with pulmonary masses. Although responses to treatment were common, they were usually short-lived because of the aggressive nature of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Purzycka
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, UK
| | - L M Peters
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - J Elliott
- North Carolina State University, Department of Radiation Oncology, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - C R Lamb
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, UK
| | - S L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - A Hardas
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Winchester, UK
| | - C A Johnston
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, UK
| | - I Rodriguez-Piza
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Veterinari Glòries, Barcelona, Spain
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Wu Y, Chang YM, Polton G, Stell AJ, Szladovits B, Macfarlane M, Peters LM, Priestnall SL, Bacon NJ, Kow K, Stewart S, Sharma E, Goulart MR, Gribben J, Xia D, Garden OA. Gene Expression Profiling of B Cell Lymphoma in Dogs Reveals Dichotomous Metabolic Signatures Distinguished by Oxidative Phosphorylation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:307. [PMID: 32211332 PMCID: PMC7069556 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling has revealed molecular heterogeneity of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in both humans and dogs. Two DLBCL subtypes based on cell of origin are generally recognized, germinal center B (GCB)-like and activated B cell (ABC)-like. A pilot study to characterize the transcriptomic phenotype of 11 dogs with multicentric BCL yielded two molecular subtypes distinguished on the basis of genes important in oxidative phosphorylation. We propose a metabolic classification of canine BCL that transcends cell of origin and shows parallels to a similar molecular phenotype in human DLBCL. We thus confirm the validity of this classification scheme across widely divergent mammalian taxa and add to the growing body of literature suggesting cellular and molecular similarities between human and canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Our data support a One Health approach to the study of DLBCL, including the advancement of novel therapies of relevance to both canine and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelvin Kow
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eshita Sharma
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Xia
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver A. Garden
- Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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47
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Jones AL, Suárez-Bonnet A, Mitchell JA, Ramirez GA, Stidworthy MF, Priestnall SL. Avian Papilloma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Virological study. J Comp Pathol 2020; 175:13-23. [PMID: 32138838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective study, we describe the histopathological findings in seven papillomas and 45 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from psittacine birds, raptors and domestic fowl. The age of affected birds ranged from 3 to 40 years, with median age significantly higher in psittacines (P = 0.014). The majority of tumours were located in the skin (24/52, 46.2%) or uropygial gland (10/52, 19.2%). Thirty of the SCCs (66.7%) were well differentiated and 15 (33.3%) were poorly-differentiated. SCCs exhibited a significantly higher degree of nuclear pleomorphism (P = 0.005) and a greater proportion were ulcerated (P = 0.001) compared with papillomas; however, there was no significant difference in mitotic count (MC) or inflammation score. The expression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 and E-cadherin was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The COX-2 total score (TS) was significantly higher in SCCs compared with papillomas (P = 0.002), but the difference between COX-2 TS of well- and poorly-differentiated SCCs was not significant. COX-2 labelling was predominantly cytoplasmic, but some tumours had concurrent membranous and/or perinuclear labelling. SCCs with membranous labelling had a significantly higher MC (P = 0.028). A significantly higher proportion of SCCs were negative for E-cadherin compared with papillomas (P = 0.042), but there was no significant difference between well- and poorly-differentiated SCCs. Fourteen papillomas and SCCs from psittacines were also tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of Psittacus erithacus papillomavirus 1 and Psittacid herpesvirus 1, but all samples tested negative. We demonstrate for the first time the expression of COX-2 and E-cadherin in avian tissues, and suggest that these markers may be useful in differentiating papillomas from SCCs, particularly when sample size is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Jones
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - A Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - J A Mitchell
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - G A Ramirez
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Campus of the Agrifood, Forestry and Veterinary Sciences, Universitat de Lleida, Av. de l'Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, Spain
| | - M F Stidworthy
- IZVG Pathology, Station House, Parkwood Street, Keighley, UK
| | - S L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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48
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Milne G, Fujimoto C, Bean T, Peters HJ, Hemmington M, Taylor C, Fowkes RC, Martineau HM, Hamilton CM, Walker M, Mitchell JA, Léger E, Priestnall SL, Webster JP. Infectious Causation of Abnormal Host Behavior: Toxoplasma gondii and Its Potential Association With Dopey Fox Syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:513536. [PMID: 33192643 PMCID: PMC7525129 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.513536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, can infect all warm-blooded animals. T. gondii can subtly alter host behaviors-either through manipulation to enhance transmission to the feline definitive host or as a side-effect, or "constraint," of infection. In humans, T. gondii infection, either alone or in association with other co-infecting neurotropic agents, has been reliably associated with both subtle behavioral changes and, in some cases, severe neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Research on the potential impact of T. gondii on the behavior of other long-lived naturally infected hosts is lacking. Recent studies reported a large number of wild red foxes exhibiting a range of aberrant behavioral traits, subsequently classified as Dopey Fox Syndrome (DFS). Here we assessed the potential association between T. gondii and/or other neurotropic agents with DFS. Live, captive foxes within welfare centers were serologically tested for T. gondii and, if they died naturally, PCR-tested for vulpine circovirus (FoxCV). Post-mortem pseudo-control wild foxes, obtained from pest management companies, were PCR-tested for T. gondii, FoxCV, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type (CAV)-1 and CAV-2. We also assessed, using non-invasive assays, whether T. gondii-infected foxes showed subtle behavioral alterations as observed among infected rodent (and other) hosts, including altered activity, risk, and stress levels. All foxes tested negative for CAV, CDV, CHV, and DogCV. DFS was found to be associated with singular T. gondii infection (captives vs. pseudo-controls, 33.3% (3/9) vs. 6.8% (5/74)) and singular FoxCV infection (66.7% (6/9) vs. 11.1% (1/9)) and with T. gondii/FoxCV co-infection (33.3% (3/9) vs. 11.1% (1/9)). Overall, a higher proportion of captive foxes had signs of neuroinflammation compared to pseudo-controls (66.7% (4/6) vs. 11.1% (1/9)). Consistent with behavioral changes seen in infected rodents, T. gondii-infected foxes displayed increased attraction toward feline odor (n=6 foxes). These preliminary results suggest that wild foxes with DFS are infected with T. gondii and likely co-infected with FoxCV and/or another co-infecting neurotropic agent. Our findings using this novel system have important implications for our understanding of both the impact of parasites on mammalian host behavior in general and, potentially, of the infectious causation of certain neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Milne
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom.,London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chelsea Fujimoto
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Theodor Bean
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Harry J Peters
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charly Taylor
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C Fowkes
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Henny M Martineau
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Clare M Hamilton
- Parasitology Division, Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Walker
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom.,London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judy A Mitchell
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Elsa Léger
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom.,London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne P Webster
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom.,London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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49
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Wu Y, Chang YM, Stell AJ, Priestnall SL, Sharma E, Goulart MR, Gribben J, Xia D, Garden OA. Phenotypic characterisation of regulatory T cells in dogs reveals signature transcripts conserved in humans and mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13478. [PMID: 31530890 PMCID: PMC6748983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a double-edged regulator of the immune system. Aberrations of Tregs correlate with pathogenesis of inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic disorders. Phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of Tregs have been identified in humans and mice on the basis of their extensive portfolios of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against Treg surface antigens. As an important veterinary species, dogs are increasingly recognised as an excellent model for many human diseases. However, insightful study of canine Tregs has been restrained by the limited availability of mAb. We therefore set out to characterise CD4+CD25high T cells isolated ex vivo from healthy dogs and showed that they possess a regulatory phenotype, function, and transcriptomic signature that resembles those of human and murine Tregs. By launching a cross-species comparison, we unveiled a conserved transcriptomic signature of Tregs and identified that transcript hip1 may have implications in Treg function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eshita Sharma
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle R Goulart
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.,Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dong Xia
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Oliver A Garden
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK. .,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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50
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Wennogle SA, Priestnall SL, Suárez-Bonnet A, Webb CB. Comparison of clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic variables in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy and low or normal serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1995-2004. [PMID: 31496004 PMCID: PMC6766529 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cause of low serum vitamin D concentrations in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) is not well understood. Objective Improve understanding of pathogenesis of low serum vitamin D concentrations in dogs with CIE by comparing several clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic variables between CIE dogs with low and normal serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (25[OH]D). Animals Fifteen dogs with CIE and low serum 25[OH]D concentrations; 15 dogs with CIE and normal serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Methods Prospective cohort study. Clinical and clinicopathologic variables were compared between groups. Correlations between serum 25(OH)D concentration and histopathologic variables were assessed. Results Dogs with CIE and low serum 25(OH)D concentrations had higher canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index scores (P = .003), lower serum α‐tocopherol (P < .001), cholesterol (P < .001), and albumin (P < .001) concentrations and higher serum C‐reactive protein (P = .004) concentrations compared to CIE dogs with normal serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Serum concentrations of vitamin D‐binding protein (VDBP) were not different between groups (P = .91). Duodenal morphologic and inflammatory histopathological scores (P = .002 and P = .004, respectively) and total histopathological scores in duodenum and combined duodenum and ileum negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The pathogenesis of low serum vitamin D concentrations in dogs with CIE is likely multifactorial. Fat malabsorption deserves further study in dogs with low serum vitamin D concentration and CIE. Loss of VDBP does not appear to be an important cause of low serum vitamin D concentration in dogs with CIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Wennogle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Craig B Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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