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Duddy G, Courtis K, Horwood J, Olsen J, Horsler H, Hodgson T, Varsani-Brown S, Abdullah A, Denti L, Lane H, Delaqua F, Janzen J, Strom M, Rosewell I, Crawley K, Davies B. Donor template delivery by recombinant adeno-associated virus for the production of knock-in mice. BMC Biol 2024; 22:26. [PMID: 38302906 PMCID: PMC10836013 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of recombinant adeno-associated virus to transduce preimplantation mouse embryos has led to the use of this delivery method for the production of genetically altered knock-in mice via CRISPR-Cas9. The potential exists for this method to simplify the production and extend the types of alleles that can be generated directly in the zygote, obviating the need for manipulations of the mouse genome via the embryonic stem cell route. RESULTS We present the production data from a total of 13 genetically altered knock-in mouse models generated using CRISPR-Cas9 electroporation of zygotes and delivery of donor repair templates via transduction with recombinant adeno-associated virus. We explore the efficiency of gene targeting at a total of 12 independent genetic loci and explore the effects of allele complexity and introduce strategies for efficient identification of founder animals. In addition, we investigate the reliability of germline transmission of the engineered allele from founder mice generated using this methodology. By comparing our production data against genetically altered knock-in mice generated via gene targeting in embryonic stem cells and their microinjection into blastocysts, we assess the animal cost of the two methods. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that recombinant adeno-associated virus transduction of zygotes provides a robust and effective delivery route for donor templates for the production of knock-in mice, across a range of insertion sizes (0.9-4.7 kb). We find that the animal cost of this method is considerably less than generating knock-in models via embryonic stem cells and thus constitutes a considerable 3Rs reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Duddy
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | | | - Jessica Olsen
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Helen Horsler
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tina Hodgson
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | | | - Laura Denti
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hollie Lane
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Fabio Delaqua
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Julia Janzen
- Transnetyx Inc, 8110 Cordova Rd. Suite 119, Cordova, TN, 38016, USA
| | - Molly Strom
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ian Rosewell
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Benjamin Davies
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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Torres-Blas I, Horsler H, Paredes UM, Perkins M, Priestnall SL, Brekke P. Impact of exposure to urban air pollution on grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) lung health. Environ Pollut 2023; 326:121312. [PMID: 36893972 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increased rate of global urbanisation has recently exacerbated the significant public health problem of traffic related air pollution. Despite the known significant impact on human health, little is known about the effects of air pollution on wildlife health. The lung is the primary target organ for the effects of exposure to air pollution, leading to lung inflammation, altering the lung epigenome, culminating in respiratory disease. In this study, we aimed to assess lung health and DNA methylation profiles in Eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) populations living across an urban-rural air pollution gradient. Squirrel lung health was assessed in four populations situated across the most polluted inner-city boroughs to the less polluted edges of Greater London. We also assessed lung DNA methylation across three London sites and a further two rural sites in Sussex and North Wales. Lung and tracheal diseases were present in 28% and 13% of the squirrels respectively. Specifically, focal inflammation (13%), focal macrophages with vacuolated cytoplasm (3%) and endogenous lipid pneumonia (3%). There was no significant difference in prevalence of lung, tracheal diseases, anthracosis (carbon presence) or lung DNA methylation levels between urban sites and urban and rural sites respectively or NO2 levels. BALT (Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) was significantly smaller in the site with highest NO2 and contained the highest carbon loading compared to sites with lower NO2, however differences in carbon loading in between sites were not significant. High pollution site individuals also had significantly higher numbers of alveolar macrophages which suggests that grey squirrels are exposed to and respond to traffic-related air pollution and further research is needed to understand the impact of traffic-related air pollutants on wildlife health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Torres-Blas
- Dept Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, N Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Helen Horsler
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ursula M Paredes
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Matthew Perkins
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- Dept Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, N Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Patricia Brekke
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK.
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Kendra JR, Lucas CF, Chambers D, Williamson S, Byrom N, Foroozanfar N, Joss DV, Horsler H, James DC, Selwyn S, Rogers TR, Henry K, Phillips RH, Barrett AJ, Hugh-Jones K, Hobbs JR. Bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia. A review of the Westminster experience of 24 cases. Clin Lab Haematol 1983; 5:131-43. [PMID: 6411417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.1983.tb01345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four patients have received bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia at the Westminster Hospitals since 1974. Twelve patients are long term survivors. Infectious complications in association with graft rejection, graft versus host disease or prolonged neutropenia were the major cause of death. In the last 18 months the introduction of more effective conditioning regimes and Cyclosporin A as graft versus host disease prophylaxis has improved the survival rate to 85%. One patient has required regrafting for late graft failure without evidence of graft rejection.
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