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Messroghli DR, Moon JC, Ferreira VM, Grosse-Wortmann L, He T, Kellman P, Mascherbauer J, Nezafat R, Salerno M, Schelbert EB, Taylor AJ, Thompson R, Ugander M, van Heeswijk RB, Friedrich MG. Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:75. [PMID: 28992817 PMCID: PMC5633041 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 959] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parametric mapping techniques provide a non-invasive tool for quantifying tissue alterations in myocardial disease in those eligible for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Parametric mapping with CMR now permits the routine spatial visualization and quantification of changes in myocardial composition based on changes in T1, T2, and T2*(star) relaxation times and extracellular volume (ECV). These changes include specific disease pathways related to mainly intracellular disturbances of the cardiomyocyte (e.g., iron overload, or glycosphingolipid accumulation in Anderson-Fabry disease); extracellular disturbances in the myocardial interstitium (e.g., myocardial fibrosis or cardiac amyloidosis from accumulation of collagen or amyloid proteins, respectively); or both (myocardial edema with increased intracellular and/or extracellular water). Parametric mapping promises improvements in patient care through advances in quantitative diagnostics, inter- and intra-patient comparability, and relatedly improvements in treatment. There is a multitude of technical approaches and potential applications. This document provides a summary of the existing evidence for the clinical value of parametric mapping in the heart as of mid 2017, and gives recommendations for practical use in different clinical scenarios for scientists, clinicians, and CMR manufacturers.
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van Heeswijk RB, Colotti R, Darçot E, Delacoste J, Pellegrin M, Piccini D, Hernando D. Chemical shift encoding (CSE) for sensitive fluorine-19 MRI of perfluorocarbons with complex spectra. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:2724-2730. [PMID: 28862351 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To implement a fluorine-19 (19 F) chemical shift encoding (CSE) approach for the sensitive imaging of molecules with multi-resonance spectra to remove their chemical shift displacement (CSD) artifacts, and to characterize its sensitivity versus established pulse sequences. METHODS The feasibility of CSE spoiled gradient echo (GRE) and balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) was first demonstrated in a phantom study. The dependence of the sensitivity of CSE-bSSFP on several pulse sequence parameters was then established, after which the occurrence of out-of-plane excitation was assessed for 2D and 3D techniques. Next, the sensitivity (in mm-3 s-0.5 ) of both CSE techniques was compared to bSSFP ultrashort echo time (bSSFP-UTE) imaging and multi-chemical-shift-selective turbo spin echo (MCSS-TSE) in a second phantom study. Finally, the sensitivity of the CSE-bSSFP, bSSFP-UTE, and MCSS-TSE pulse sequences was compared in a preliminary in vivo mouse study. RESULTS Both CSE approaches were successfully implemented and resulted in negligible residual CSD artifacts, while large-volume 3D acquisitions should be considered to reduce problems related to out-of-plane excitation. CSE-bSSFP was shown to have a higher sensitivity than the bSSFP-UTE and MCSS-TSE pulse sequences (15.8 ± 1.3 vs. 11.7 ± 1.0 vs. 13.3 ± 0.9 mm-3 s-0.5 , respectively, P < 0.001), whereas CSE-GRE technique had a lower sensitivity (4.8 ± 1.1 mm-3 s-0.5 ). CONCLUSION CSE 19 F MR imaging enables the unambiguous visualization of compounds with complex spectra, and provides high sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Magn Reson Med 79:2724-2730, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Ludwig KD, Hernando D, Roberts NT, van Heeswijk RB, Fain SB. A chemical shift encoding (CSE) approach for spectral selection in fluorine-19 MRI. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:2183-2189. [PMID: 28833448 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a chemical shift encoding (CSE) approach for fluorine-19 MRI of perfluorocarbons in the presence of multiple known fluorinated chemical species. THEORY AND METHODS A multi-echo CSE technique is applied for spectral separation of the perfluorocarbon perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether (PFCE) and isoflurane (ISO) based on their chemical shifts at 4.7 T. Cramér-Rao lower bound analysis is used to identify echo combinations with optimal signal-to-noise performance. Signal contributions are fit with a multispectral fluorine signal model using a non-linear least squares estimation reconstruction directly from k-space data. This CSE approach is tested in fluorine-19 phantoms and in a mouse with a 2D and 3D spoiled gradient-echo acquisition using multiple echo times determined from Cramér-Rao lower bound analysis. RESULTS Cramér-Rao lower bound analysis for PFCE and ISO separation shows signal-to-noise performance is maximized with a 0.33 ms echo separation. A linear behavior (R2 = 0.987) between PFCE signal and known relative PFCE volume is observed in CSE reconstructed images using a mixed PFCE/ISO phantom. Effective spatial and spectral separation of PFCE and ISO is shown in phantoms and in vivo. CONCLUSION Feasibility of a gradient-echo CSE acquisition and image reconstruction approach with optimized noise performance is demonstrated through fluorine-19 MRI of PFCE with effective removal of ISO signal contributions. Magn Reson Med 79:2183-2189, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Colotti R, Omoumi P, Bonanno G, Ledoux JB, van Heeswijk RB. Isotropic three-dimensionalT2mapping of knee cartilage: Development and validation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:362-371. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Lugand E, Yerly J, Feliciano H, Chaptinel J, Stuber M, van Heeswijk RB. Breath-held high-resolution cardiac T2 mapping with SKRATCH. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016. [PMCID: PMC5032436 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-18-s1-p27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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van Heeswijk RB, Feliciano H, Metrich M, Piccini D, Rotman S, Schwitter J, Hullin R. Initial experience with isotropic 3D cardiac T2 mapping for the monitoring of cardiac allograft rejection. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016. [PMCID: PMC5032766 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-18-s1-w23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Colotti R, Bastiaansen JAM, Wilson A, Flögel U, Gonzales C, Schwitter J, Stuber M, van Heeswijk RB. Characterization of perfluorocarbon relaxation times and their influence on the optimization of fluorine-19 MRI at 3 tesla. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:2263-2271. [PMID: 27385530 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize and optimize 19 F MRI for different perfluorocarbons (PFCs) at 3T and quantify the loss of acquisition efficiency as a function of different temperature and cellular conditions. METHODS The T1 and T2 relaxation times of the commonly used PFCs perfluoropolyether (PFPE), perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether (PFCE), and perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) were measured in phantoms and in several different conditions (cell types, presence of fixation agent, and temperatures). These relaxation times were used to optimize pulse sequences through numerical simulations. The acquisition efficiency in each cellular condition was then determined as the ratio of the signal after optimization with the reference relaxation times and after optimization with its proper relaxation times. Finally, PFC detection limits were determined. RESULTS The loss of acquisition efficiency due to parameter settings optimized for the wrong temperature and cellular condition was limited to 13%. The detection limits of all PFCs were lower at 24 °C than at 37 °C and varied from 11.8 ± 3.0 mM for PFCE at 24 °C to 379.9 ± 51.8 mM for PFOB at 37 °C. CONCLUSION Optimizing 19 F pulse sequences with a known phantom only leads to moderate loss in acquisition efficiency in cellular conditions that might be encountered in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Magn Reson Med 77:2263-2271, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Bano W, Feliciano H, Coristine AJ, Stuber M, van Heeswijk RB. On the accuracy and precision of cardiac magnetic resonance T 2 mapping: A high-resolution radial study using adiabatic T 2 preparation at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:159-169. [PMID: 26762815 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to characterize the accuracy and precision of cardiac T2 mapping as a function of different factors including low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), imaging in systole, and off-resonance frequencies. METHODS Bloch equation and Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine the influence of SNR and the choice of T2 preparation echo time (TET2prep ) increments on the accuracy and precision of high-resolution radial cardiac T2 mapping at 3.0 T. Healthy volunteers were scanned to establish the difference in precision and inter- and intraobserver variability between T2 mapping in diastole and systole, as well as the effect of SNR and off-resonance frequencies on the accuracy of T2 maps. RESULTS The simulations demonstrated that a TET2prep increment of ∼0.75 times the T2 value of interest optimally increases the precision of the T2 fit. Systolic T2 maps were found to have a higher precision (P = 0.002), but similar inter- and intraobserver variability compared with diastolic T2 maps, whereas off-resonance frequencies beyond ± 100 Hz cause a significant decrease in both accuracy and precision (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This evaluation of the accuracy and precision of cardiac T2 mapping characterizes the major vulnerabilities of the technique and will help guide protocol definition of studies that include T2 mapping. Magn Reson Med 77:159-169, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Viallon M, moulin K, Goff C, Didier J, van Heeswijk RB, Stuber M, Bourguignon C, Gergelé L, Millet GP, Beuf O, Croisille P. Apparent Diffusion coefficient (ADC), T1 and T2 quantitative indexes of the myocardium in athletes before, during and after extreme mountain ultra-marathon: correlation with myocardial damages and inflammation biomarkers. JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2016. [PMCID: PMC5032786 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-18-s1-o41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lugand E, Yerly J, Feliciano H, Chaptinel J, Stuber M, van Heeswijk RB. Accelerated and KWIC-filtered cardiac T2 mapping for improved precision: proof of principle. JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2015. [PMCID: PMC4328692 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-17-s1-w30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Balzan R, Mishkovsky M, Simonenko Y, van Heeswijk RB, Gruetter R, Eliav U, Navon G, Comment A. Hyperpolarized (6)Li as a probe for hemoglobin oxygenation level. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 11:41-6. [PMID: 26265292 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a versatile technique to dramatically enhance the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal intensity of insensitive long-T1 nuclear spins such as (6)Li. The (6)Li longitudinal relaxation of lithium ions in aqueous solutions strongly depends on the concentration of paramagnetic species, even if they are present in minute amounts. We herein demonstrate that blood oxygenation can be readily detected by taking advantage of the (6)Li signal enhancement provided by dissolution DNP, together with the more than 10% decrease in (6)Li longitudinal relaxation as a consequence of the presence of paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin.
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van Heeswijk RB, Pellegrin M, Flögel U, Gonzales C, Aubert JF, Mazzolai L, Schwitter J, Stuber M. Fluorine MR Imaging of Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Plaque in Vivo. Radiology 2015; 275:421-9. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14141371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Coppo S, Piccini D, Bonanno G, Chaptinel J, Vincenti G, Feliciano H, van Heeswijk RB, Schwitter J, Stuber M. Free-running 4D whole-heart self-navigated golden angle MRI: Initial results. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:1306-16. [PMID: 25376772 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that both coronary anatomy and ventricular function can be assessed simultaneously using a single four-dimensional (4D) acquisition. METHODS A free-running 4D whole-heart self-navigated acquisition incorporating a golden angle radial trajectory was implemented and tested in vivo in nine healthy adult human subjects. Coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) datasets with retrospective selection of acquisition window width and position were extracted and quantitatively compared with baseline self-navigated electrocardiography (ECG) -triggered coronary MRA. From the 4D datasets, the left-ventricular end-systolic, end-diastolic volumes (ESV & EDV) and ejection fraction (EF) were computed and compared with values obtained from conventional 2D cine images. RESULTS The 4D datasets enabled dynamic assessment of the whole heart with isotropic spatial resolution of 1.15 mm(3). Coronary artery image quality was very similar to that of the ECG-triggered baseline scan despite some SNR penalty. A good agreement between 4D and 2D cine imaging was found for EDV, ESV, and EF. CONCLUSION The hypothesis that both coronary anatomy and ventricular function can be assessed simultaneously in vivo has been tested positive. Retrospective and flexible acquisition window selection allows to best visualize each coronary segment at its individual time point of quiescence.
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Coristine AJ, van Heeswijk RB, Stuber M. Fat signal suppression for coronary MRA at 3T using a water-selective adiabatic T 2-preparation technique. Magn Reson Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Coristine AJ, van Heeswijk RB, Stuber M. Combined T2-preparation and two-dimensional pencil-beam inner volume selection. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:529-36. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Coppo S, Firsova M, Locca D, Knebel JF, van Heeswijk RB, Stuber M. Repositioning precision of coronary arteries measured on X-ray angiography and its implications for coronary MR angiography. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:1251-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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van Heeswijk RB, Piccini D, Feliciano H, Hullin R, Schwitter J, Stuber M. Self-navigated isotropic three-dimensional cardiac T2 mapping. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:1549-54. [PMID: 24809849 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To implement and characterize an isotropic three-dimensional cardiac T2 mapping technique. METHODS A self-navigated three-dimensional radial segmented balanced steady-state free precession pulse sequence with an isotropic 1.7-mm spatial resolution was implemented at 3T with a variable T2 preparation module. Bloch equation and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the influence of the heart rate, B1 inhomogeneity and noise on the T2 fitting accuracy. In a phantom study, the accuracy of the pulse sequence was studied through comparison with a gold-standard spin-echo T2 mapping method. The robustness and homogeneity of the technique were ascertained in a study of 10 healthy adult human volunteers, while first results obtained in patients are reported. RESULTS The numerical simulations demonstrated that the heart rate and B1 inhomogeneity cause only minor deviations in the T2 fitting, whereas the phantom study showed good agreement of the technique with the gold standard. The volunteer study demonstrated an average myocardial T2 of 40.5 ± 3.3 ms and a <15% T2 gradient in the base-apex and anterior-inferior direction. In three patients, elevated T2 values were measured in regions with expected edema. CONCLUSION This respiratory self-navigated isotropic three-dimensional technique allows for accurate and robust in vitro and in vivo T2 quantification.
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van Heeswijk RB, Vincenti G, Monney P, Kourda J, Rotman S, Stuber M, Schwitter J, Hullin R. Free-breathing T2 mapping at 3T for the monitoring of cardiac allograft rejection: initial results. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014. [PMCID: PMC4043701 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-16-s1-m11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Feliciano H, Stuber M, van Heeswijk RB. Radial cardiac T2 mapping with alternating T2 preparation intrinsically introduces motion correction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014. [PMCID: PMC4042471 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-16-s1-p28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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van Heeswijk RB, O'Brien KR, Delacoste J, Stuber M. Numerically optimized radiofrequency pulses for robust and low-power cardiovascular T2 preparation at 3T. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014. [PMCID: PMC4043734 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-16-s1-p41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Piccini D, Monney P, Sierro C, Coppo S, Bonanno G, van Heeswijk RB, Chaptinel J, Vincenti G, de Blois J, Koestner SC, Rutz T, Littmann A, Zenge MO, Schwitter J, Stuber M. Respiratory self-navigated postcontrast whole-heart coronary MR angiography: initial experience in patients. Radiology 2013; 270:378-86. [PMID: 24471387 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13132045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the diagnostic performance of respiratory self-navigation for whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in a patient cohort referred for diagnostic cardiac MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for this institutional review board-approved study. Self-navigated coronary MR angiography was performed after administration of a contrast agent in 78 patients (mean age, 48.5 years ± 20.7 [standard deviation]; 53 male patients) referred for cardiac MR imaging because of coronary artery disease (n = 40), cardiomyopathy (n = 14), congenital anomaly (n = 17), or "other" (n = 7). Examination duration was recorded, and the image quality for each coronary segment was assessed with consensus reading. Vessel sharpness, length, and diameter were measured. Quantitative values in proximal, middle, and distal segments were compared by using analysis of variance and t tests. A double-blinded comparison with the results of x-ray angiography was performed when such results were available. RESULTS When patients with different indications for cardiac MR imaging were examined with self-navigated postcontrast coronary MR angiography, whole-heart data sets with 1.15-mm isotropic spatial resolution were acquired in an average of 7.38 minutes ± 1.85. The main and proximal coronary segments could be visualized in 92.3% of cases, while the middle and distal segments could be visualized in 84.0% and 55.8% of cases, respectively. Subjective scores and vessel sharpness were significantly higher in the proximal segments than in the middle and distal segments (P < .05). Anomalies of the coronary arteries could be confirmed or excluded in all cases. Per-vessel sensitivity and specificity for stenosis detection were 64.7% and 85.0%, respectively, in the 31 patients for whom reference standard x-ray coronary angiography results were available. CONCLUSION The self-navigated coronary MR angiography sequence shows promise for coronary imaging. However, technical improvements are needed to improve image quality, especially in the more distal coronary segments.
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Coristine AJ, van Heeswijk RB, Stuber M. Fat signal suppression for coronary MRA at 3T using a water-selective adiabatic T2-preparation technique. Magn Reson Med 2013; 72:763-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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van Heeswijk RB, De Blois J, Kania G, Gonzales C, Blyszczuk P, Stuber M, Eriksson U, Schwitter J. Selective in vivo visualization of immune-cell infiltration in a mouse model of autoimmune myocarditis by fluorine-19 cardiac magnetic resonance. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 6:277-84. [PMID: 23343515 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.112.000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to characterize the performance of fluorine-19 ((19)F) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for the specific detection of inflammatory cells in a mouse model of myocarditis. Intravenously administered perfluorocarbons are taken up by infiltrating inflammatory cells and can be detected by (19)F-CMR. (19)F-labeled cells should, therefore, generate an exclusive signal at the inflamed regions within the myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS Experimental autoimmune myocarditis was induced in BALB/c mice. After intravenous injection of 2×200 µL of a perfluorocarbon on day 19 and 20 (n=9) after immunization, in vivo (19)F-CMR was performed at the peak of myocardial inflammation (day 21). In 5 additional animals, perfluorocarbon combined with FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) was administered for postmortem immunofluorescence and flow-cytometry analyses. Control experiments were performed in 9 animals. In vivo (19)F-CMR detected myocardial inflammation in all experimental autoimmune myocarditis-positive animals. Its resolution was sufficient to identify even small inflammatory foci, that is, at the surface of the right ventricle. Postmortem immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry confirmed the presence of perfluorocarbon in macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes, but not in lymphocytes. The myocardial volume of elevated (19)F signal (rs=0.96; P<0.001), the (19)F signal-to-noise ratio (rs=0.92; P<0.001), and the (19)F signal integral (rs=0.96; P<0.001) at day 21 correlated with the histological myocarditis severity score. CONCLUSIONS In vivo (19)F-CMR was successfully used to visualize the inflammation specifically and robustly in experimental autoimmune myocarditis, and thus allowed for an unprecedented insight into the involvement of inflammatory cells in the disease process.
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van Heeswijk RB, Piccini D, Feliciano H, Schwitter J, Stuber M. Self-navigated three-dimensional cardiac T2 mapping at 3T. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013. [PMCID: PMC3559966 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-s1-p51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Coristine AJ, van Heeswijk RB, Stuber M. Improved fat signal suppression for coronary MRA at 3T using a water-selective adiabatic T2-Prep technique. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013. [PMCID: PMC3559462 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-s1-o5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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