26
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Fuster C, Martín-Garcia D, Balagué O, Navarro A, Nadeu F, Costa D, Prieto M, Salaverria I, Espinet B, Rivas-Delgado A, Terol MJ, Giné E, Forcada P, Ashton-Key M, Puente XS, Swerdlow SH, Beà S, Campo E. Cryptic insertions of the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer region near CCND1 in t(11;14)-negative mantle cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2019; 105:e408-e411. [PMID: 31753927 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.237073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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27
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Silkenstedt E, Arenas F, Colom-Sanmartí B, Xargay-Torrent S, Higashi M, Giró A, Rodriguez V, Fuentes P, Aulitzky WE, van der Kuip H, Beà S, Toribio ML, Campo E, López-Guerra M, Colomer D. Notch1 signaling in NOTCH1-mutated mantle cell lymphoma depends on Delta-Like ligand 4 and is a potential target for specific antibody therapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:446. [PMID: 31676012 PMCID: PMC6825347 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background NOTCH1 gene mutations in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) have been described in about 5–10% of cases and are associated with significantly shorter survival rates. The present study aimed to investigate the biological impact of this mutation in MCL and its potential as a therapeutic target. Methods Activation of Notch1 signaling upon ligand-stimulation and inhibitory effects of the monoclonal anti-Notch1 antibody OMP-52M51 in NOTCH1-mutated and -unmutated MCL cells were assessed by Western Blot and gene expression profiling. Effects of OMP-52M51 treatment on tumor cell migration and tumor angiogenesis were evaluated with chemotaxis and HUVEC tube formation assays. The expression of Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) in MCL lymph nodes was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. A MCL mouse model was used to assess the activity of OMP-52M51 in vivo. Results Notch1 expression can be effectively stimulated in NOTCH1-mutated Mino cells by DLL4, whereas in the NOTCH1-unmutated cell line JeKo-1, less effect was observed upon any ligand-stimulation. DLL4 was expressed by histiocytes in both, NOTCH1-mutated and –unmutated MCL lymph nodes. Treatment of NOTCH1-mutated MCL cells with the monoclonal anti-Notch1 antibody OMP-52M51 effectively prevented DLL4-dependent activation of Notch1 and suppressed the induction of numerous direct Notch target genes involved in lymphoid biology, lymphomagenesis and disease progression. Importantly, in lymph nodes from primary MCL cases with NOTCH1/2 mutations, we detected an upregulation of the same gene sets as observed in DLL4-stimulated Mino cells. Furthermore, DLL4 stimulation of NOTCH1-mutated Mino cells enhanced tumor cell migration and angiogenesis, which could be abolished by treatment with OMP-52M51. Importantly, the effects observed were specific for NOTCH1-mutated cells as they did not occur in the NOTCH1-wt cell line JeKo-1. Finally, we confirmed the potential activity of OMP-52M51 to inhibit DLL4-induced Notch1-Signaling in vivo in a xenograft mouse model of MCL. Conclusion DLL4 effectively stimulates Notch1 signaling in NOTCH1-mutated MCL and is expressed by the microenvironment in MCL lymph nodes. Our results indicate that specific inhibition of the Notch1-ligand-receptor interaction might provide a therapeutic alternative for a subset of MCL patients.
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28
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Speedy HE, Beekman R, Chapaprieta V, Orlando G, Law PJ, Martín-García D, Gutiérrez-Abril J, Catovsky D, Beà S, Clot G, Puiggròs M, Torrents D, Puente XS, Allan JM, López-Otín C, Campo E, Houlston RS, Martín-Subero JI. Insight into genetic predisposition to chronic lymphocytic leukemia from integrative epigenomics. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3615. [PMID: 31399598 PMCID: PMC6689100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have provided evidence for inherited genetic predisposition to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying CLL risk we analyze chromatin accessibility, active regulatory elements marked by H3K27ac, and DNA methylation at 42 risk loci in up to 486 primary CLLs. We identify that risk loci are significantly enriched for active chromatin in CLL with evidence of being CLL-specific or differentially regulated in normal B-cell development. We then use in situ promoter capture Hi-C, in conjunction with gene expression data to reveal likely target genes of the risk loci. Candidate target genes are enriched for pathways related to B-cell development such as MYC and BCL2 signalling. At 14 loci the analysis highlights 63 variants as the probable functional basis of CLL risk. By integrating genetic and epigenetic information our analysis reveals novel insights into the relationship between inherited predisposition and the regulatory chromatin landscape of CLL.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Chromatin/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology
- Epigenomics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Genotype
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
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29
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Albero R, Enjuanes A, Demajo S, Castellano G, Pinyol M, García N, Capdevila C, Clot G, Suárez-Cisneros H, Shimada M, Karube K, López-Guerra M, Colomer D, Beà S, Martin-Subero JI, Campo E, Jares P. Cyclin D1 overexpression induces global transcriptional downregulation in lymphoid neoplasms. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4132-4147. [PMID: 29990311 DOI: 10.1172/jci96520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is an oncogene frequently overexpressed in human cancers that has a dual function as cell cycle and transcriptional regulator, although the latter is widely unexplored. Here, we investigated the transcriptional role of cyclin D1 in lymphoid tumor cells with cyclin D1 oncogenic overexpression. Cyclin D1 showed widespread binding to the promoters of most actively transcribed genes, and the promoter occupancy positively correlated with the transcriptional output of targeted genes. Despite this association, the overexpression of cyclin D1 in lymphoid cells led to a global transcriptional downmodulation that was proportional to cyclin D1 levels. This cyclin D1-dependent global transcriptional downregulation was associated with a reduced nascent transcription and an accumulation of promoter-proximal paused RNA polymerase II (Pol II) that colocalized with cyclin D1. Concordantly, cyclin D1 overexpression promoted an increase in the Poll II pausing index. This transcriptional impairment seems to be mediated by the interaction of cyclin D1 with the transcription machinery. In addition, cyclin D1 overexpression sensitized cells to transcription inhibitors, revealing a synthetic lethality interaction that was also observed in primary mantle cell lymphoma cases. This finding of global transcriptional dysregulation expands the known functions of oncogenic cyclin D1 and suggests the therapeutic potential of targeting the transcriptional machinery in cyclin D1-overexpressing tumors.
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30
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Clot G, Jares P, Giné E, Navarro A, Royo C, Pinyol M, Martín-Garcia D, Demajo S, Espinet B, Salar A, Ferrer A, Muntañola A, Aymerich M, Rauert-Wunderlich H, Jaffe ES, Connors JM, Gascoyne RD, Delabie J, López-Guillermo A, Ott G, Wright GW, Staudt LM, Rosenwald A, Scott DW, Rimsza LM, Beà S, Campo E. A gene signature that distinguishes conventional and leukemic nonnodal mantle cell lymphoma helps predict outcome. Blood 2018; 132:413-422. [PMID: 29769262 PMCID: PMC6071558 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-838136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy, but some patients have a very indolent evolution. This heterogeneous course is related, in part, to the different biological characteristics of conventional MCL (cMCL) and the distinct subgroup of leukemic nonnodal MCL (nnMCL). Robust criteria to distinguish these MCL subtypes and additional biological parameters that influence their evolution are not well defined. We describe a novel molecular assay that reliably distinguishes cMCL and nnMCL using blood samples. We trained a 16-gene assay (L-MCL16 assay) on the NanoString platform using 19 purified leukemic samples. The locked assay was applied to an independent cohort of 70 MCL patients with leukemic presentation. The assay assigned 37% of cases to nnMCL and 56% to cMCL. nnMCL and cMCL differed in nodal presentation, lactate dehydrogenase, immunoglobulin heavy chain gene mutational status, management options, genomic complexity, and CDKN2A/ATM deletions, but the proportion with 17p/TP53 aberrations was similar in both subgroups. Sequential samples showed that assay prediction was stable over time. nnMCL had a better overall survival (OS) than cMCL (3-year OS 92% vs 69%; P = .006) from the time of diagnosis and longer time to first treatment. Genomic complexity and TP53/CDKN2A aberrations predicted for shorter OS in the entire series and cMCL, whereas only genomic complexity was associated with shorter time to first treatment and OS in nnMCL. In conclusion, the newly developed assay robustly recognizes the 2 molecular subtypes of MCL in leukemic samples. Its combination with genetic alterations improves the prognostic evaluation and may provide useful biological information for management decisions.
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31
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Beekman R, Chapaprieta V, Russiñol N, Vilarrasa-Blasi R, Verdaguer-Dot N, Martens JHA, Duran-Ferrer M, Kulis M, Serra F, Javierre BM, Wingett SW, Clot G, Queirós AC, Castellano G, Blanc J, Gut M, Merkel A, Heath S, Vlasova A, Ullrich S, Palumbo E, Enjuanes A, Martín-García D, Beà S, Pinyol M, Aymerich M, Royo R, Puiggros M, Torrents D, Datta A, Lowy E, Kostadima M, Roller M, Clarke L, Flicek P, Agirre X, Prosper F, Baumann T, Delgado J, López-Guillermo A, Fraser P, Yaspo ML, Guigó R, Siebert R, Martí-Renom MA, Puente XS, López-Otín C, Gut I, Stunnenberg HG, Campo E, Martin-Subero JI. The reference epigenome and regulatory chromatin landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Med 2018; 24:868-880. [PMID: 29785028 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a frequent hematological neoplasm in which underlying epigenetic alterations are only partially understood. Here, we analyze the reference epigenome of seven primary CLLs and the regulatory chromatin landscape of 107 primary cases in the context of normal B cell differentiation. We identify that the CLL chromatin landscape is largely influenced by distinct dynamics during normal B cell maturation. Beyond this, we define extensive catalogues of regulatory elements de novo reprogrammed in CLL as a whole and in its major clinico-biological subtypes classified by IGHV somatic hypermutation levels. We uncover that IGHV-unmutated CLLs harbor more active and open chromatin than IGHV-mutated cases. Furthermore, we show that de novo active regions in CLL are enriched for NFAT, FOX and TCF/LEF transcription factor family binding sites. Although most genetic alterations are not associated with consistent epigenetic profiles, CLLs with MYD88 mutations and trisomy 12 show distinct chromatin configurations. Furthermore, we observe that non-coding mutations in IGHV-mutated CLLs are enriched in H3K27ac-associated regulatory elements outside accessible chromatin. Overall, this study provides an integrative portrait of the CLL epigenome, identifies extensive networks of altered regulatory elements and sheds light on the relationship between the genetic and epigenetic architecture of the disease.
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32
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Bomben R, Roisman A, D'Agaro T, Castellano G, Baumann T, Delgado J, López-Guillermo A, Zucchetto A, Dal-Bo M, Bravin V, Slavutsky I, Vlasova A, Guigó R, Martin-Subero JI, Chapaprieta V, Beekman R, Martin-García D, Beà S, Salaverria I, Aymerich M, Campo E, Gattei V, Hernández L. Expression of the transcribed ultraconserved region 70 and the related long non-coding RNA AC092652.2-202 has prognostic value in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2018; 184:1045-1050. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Nadeu F, Clot G, Delgado J, Martín-García D, Baumann T, Salaverria I, Beà S, Pinyol M, Jares P, Navarro A, Suárez-Cisneros H, Aymerich M, Rozman M, Villamor N, Colomer D, González M, Alcoceba M, Terol MJ, Navarro B, Colado E, Payer ÁR, Puente XS, López-Otín C, López-Guillermo A, Enjuanes A, Campo E. Clinical impact of the subclonal architecture and mutational complexity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2018; 32:645-653. [PMID: 28924241 PMCID: PMC5843898 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome studies of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have revealed the remarkable subclonal heterogeneity of the tumors, but the clinical implications of this phenomenon are not well known. We assessed the mutational status of 28 CLL driver genes by deep-targeted next-generation sequencing and copy number alterations (CNA) in 406 previously untreated patients and 48 sequential samples. We detected small subclonal mutations (0.6-25% of cells) in nearly all genes (26/28), and they were the sole alteration in 22% of the mutated cases. CNA tended to be acquired early in the evolution of the disease and remained stable, whereas the mutational heterogeneity increased in a subset of tumors. The prognostic impact of different genes was related to the size of the mutated clone. Combining mutations and CNA, we observed that the accumulation of driver alterations (mutational complexity) gradually shortened the time to first treatment independently of the clonal architecture, IGHV status and Binet stage. Conversely, the overall survival was associated with the increasing subclonal diversity of the tumors but it was related to the age of patients, IGHV and TP53 status of the tumors. In conclusion, our study reveals that both the mutational complexity and subclonal diversity influence the evolution of CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Clonal Evolution/genetics
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation/genetics
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Signal Transduction
- Young Adult
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34
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Martínez-Trillos A, Pinyol M, Delgado J, Aymerich M, Rozman M, Baumann T, González-Díaz M, Hernández JM, Alcoceba M, Muntañola A, Terol MJ, Navarro B, Giné E, Jares P, Beà S, Navarro A, Colomer D, Nadeu F, Colado E, Payer AR, García-Cerecedo T, Puente XS, López-Otin C, Campo E, López-Guillermo A, Villamor N. The mutational landscape of small lymphocytic lymphoma compared to non-early stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:2318-2326. [PMID: 29115891 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1397660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) is considered as the non-leukemic form of presentation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We have compared the features, genomic alterations, and outcome of 890 patients with CLL and SLL. One hundred and thirteen patients presented as SLL and more frequently had unmutated-IGHV, CD38high, ZAP-70high, CD49dhigh, +12, alterations in genes of NOTCH1, cell cycle, RNA metabolism, and NFkB pathways than CLL. During the follow-up, 46% of SLL patients developed CLL. Time to first treatment (TTFT) was shorter in SLL (10-year: 75% vs 62%; p = .006). Binet stage, SLL, and IGHV were independent predictive factors for TTFT. Transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was higher (10-year: 12% vs 6%; p = .003), and overall survival was shorter in SLL (10-year: 55% vs 66%; p = .004). When A0 CLL patients were excluded, only CD38 and CD49d expression, +12, and 10-year TTFT remained different between the SLL and CLL patients. In summary, SLL showed only minor clinicobiological differences when compared with CLL in similar clinical stages.
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35
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Rosenquist R, Beà S, Du MQ, Nadel B, Pan-Hammarström Q. Genetic landscape and deregulated pathways in B-cell lymphoid malignancies. J Intern Med 2017. [PMID: 28631441 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the introduction of next-generation sequencing, the genetic landscape of the complex group of B-cell lymphoid malignancies has rapidly been unravelled in recent years. This has provided important information about recurrent genetic events and identified key pathways deregulated in each lymphoma subtype. In parallel, there has been intense search and development of novel types of targeted therapy that 'hit' central mechanisms in lymphoma pathobiology, such as BTK, PI3K or BCL2 inhibitors. In this review, we will outline the current view of the genetic landscape of selected entities: follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and marginal zone lymphoma. We will detail recurrent alterations affecting important signalling pathways, that is the B-cell receptor/NF-κB pathway, NOTCH signalling, JAK-STAT signalling, p53/DNA damage response, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation, as well as other perhaps unexpected cellular processes, such as immune regulation, cell migration, epigenetic regulation and RNA processing. Whilst many of these pathways/processes are commonly altered in different lymphoid tumors, albeit at varying frequencies, others are preferentially targeted in selected B-cell malignancies. Some of these genetic lesions are either involved in disease ontogeny or linked to the evolution of each disease and/or specific clinicobiological features, and some of them have been demonstrated to have prognostic and even predictive impact. Future work is especially needed to understand the therapy-resistant disease, particularly in patients treated with targeted therapy, and to identify novel targets and therapeutic strategies in order to realize true precision medicine in this clinically heterogeneous patient group.
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36
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Vidal-Crespo A, Rodriguez V, Matas-Cespedes A, Lee E, Rivas-Delgado A, Giné E, Navarro A, Beà S, Campo E, López-Guillermo A, Lopez-Guerra M, Roué G, Colomer D, Pérez-Galán P. The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor CC-292 shows activity in mantle cell lymphoma and synergizes with lenalidomide and NIK inhibitors depending on nuclear factor-κB mutational status. Haematologica 2017; 102:e447-e451. [PMID: 28838994 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.168930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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37
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Navarro A, Clot G, Martínez-Trillos A, Pinyol M, Jares P, González-Farré B, Martínez D, Trim N, Fernández V, Villamor N, Colomer D, Costa D, Salaverria I, Martín-Garcia D, Erber W, López C, Jayne S, Siebert R, Dyer MJS, Wiestner A, Wilson WH, Aymerich M, López-Guillermo A, Sánchez À, Campo E, Matutes E, Beà S. Improved classification of leukemic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders using a transcriptional and genetic classifier. Haematologica 2017; 102:e360-e363. [PMID: 28522579 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.160374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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38
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Beà S, Amador V. Role of SOX11 and Genetic Events Cooperating with Cyclin D1 in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Curr Oncol Rep 2017; 19:43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-017-0598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Carreras J, Kikuti YY, Beà S, Miyaoka M, Hiraiwa S, Ikoma H, Nagao R, Tomita S, Martin-Garcia D, Salaverria I, Sato A, Ichiki A, Roncador G, Garcia JF, Ando K, Campo E, Nakamura N. Clinicopathological characteristics and genomic profile of primary sinonasal tract diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) reveals gain at 1q31 and RGS1 encoding protein; high RGS1 immunohistochemical expression associates with poor overall survival in DLBC. Histopathology 2017; 70:595-621. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Queirós AC, Beekman R, Vilarrasa-Blasi R, Duran-Ferrer M, Clot G, Merkel A, Raineri E, Russiñol N, Castellano G, Beà S, Navarro A, Kulis M, Verdaguer-Dot N, Jares P, Enjuanes A, Calasanz MJ, Bergmann A, Vater I, Salaverría I, van de Werken HJG, Wilson WH, Datta A, Flicek P, Royo R, Martens J, Giné E, Lopez-Guillermo A, Stunnenberg HG, Klapper W, Pott C, Heath S, Gut IG, Siebert R, Campo E, Martín-Subero JI. Decoding the DNA Methylome of Mantle Cell Lymphoma in the Light of the Entire B Cell Lineage. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:806-821. [PMID: 27846393 PMCID: PMC5805090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the in silico purified DNA methylation signatures of 82 mantle cell lymphomas (MCL) in comparison with cell subpopulations spanning the entire B cell lineage. We identified two MCL subgroups, respectively carrying epigenetic imprints of germinal-center-inexperienced and germinal-center-experienced B cells, and we found that DNA methylation profiles during lymphomagenesis are largely influenced by the methylation dynamics in normal B cells. An integrative epigenomic approach revealed 10,504 differentially methylated regions in regulatory elements marked by H3K27ac in MCL primary cases, including a distant enhancer showing de novo looping to the MCL oncogene SOX11. Finally, we observed that the magnitude of DNA methylation changes per case is highly variable and serves as an independent prognostic factor for MCL outcome.
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41
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Kandaswamy R, Sava GP, Speedy HE, Beà S, Martín-Subero JI, Studd JB, Migliorini G, Law PJ, Puente XS, Martín-García D, Salaverria I, Gutiérrez-Abril J, López-Otín C, Catovsky D, Allan JM, Campo E, Houlston RS. Genetic Predisposition to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Is Mediated by a BMF Super-Enhancer Polymorphism. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2061-2067. [PMID: 27524613 PMCID: PMC4999417 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an adult B cell malignancy. Genome-wide association studies show that variation at 15q15.1 influences CLL risk. We deciphered the causal variant at 15q15.1 and the mechanism by which it influences tumorigenesis. We imputed all possible genotypes across the locus and then mapped highly associated SNPs to areas of chromatin accessibility, evolutionary conservation, and transcription factor binding. SNP rs539846 C>A, the most highly associated variant (p = 1.42 × 10−13, odds ratio = 1.35), localizes to a super-enhancer defined by extensive histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation in intron 3 of B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-modifying factor (BMF). The rs539846-A risk allele alters a conserved RELA-binding motif, disrupts RELA binding, and is associated with decreased BMF expression in CLL. These findings are consistent with rs539846 influencing CLL susceptibility through differential RELA binding, with direct modulation of BMF expression impacting on anti-apoptotic BCL2, a hallmark of oncogenic dependency in CLL. SNP rs539846 underlies 15q15.1 association with chronic lymphocytic leukemia rs539846 resides in a B cell super-enhancer, disrupting a conserved RELA-binding site The rs539846 risk allele (A) reduces enhancer activity and RELA binding in CLL rs539846-A confers lower BMF expression
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Alleles
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Binding Sites
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatin/chemistry
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Genetic Loci
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Histones/genetics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Odds Ratio
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Binding
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Risk
- Transcription Factor RelA/genetics
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
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42
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Tomita S, Kikuti YY, Esteban JC, Takata K, Yoshino T, Beà S, Campo E, Nakamura N. Genomic and immunohistochemical profiles of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma in Japan. Pathology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2015.12.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Salaverria I, Martín‐Garcia D, López C, Clot G, García‐Aragonés M, Navarro A, Delgado J, Baumann T, Pinyol M, Martin‐Guerrero I, Carrió A, Costa D, Queirós AC, Jayne S, Aymerich M, Villamor N, Colomer D, González M, López‐Guillermo A, Campo E, Dyer MJS, Siebert R, Armengol L, Beà S. Detection of chromothripsis-like patterns with a custom array platform for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:668-80. [PMID: 26305789 PMCID: PMC4832286 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common disease with highly variable clinical course. Several recurrent chromosomal alterations are associated with prognosis and may guide risk-adapted therapy. We have developed a targeted genome-wide array to provide a robust tool for ascertaining abnormalities in CLL and to overcome limitations of the 4-marker fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). DNA from 180 CLL patients were hybridized to the qChip®Hemo array with a high density of probes covering commonly altered loci in CLL (11q22-q23, 13q14, and 17p13), nine focal regions (2p15-p16.1, 2p24.3, 2q13, 2q36.3-q37.1, 3p21.31, 8q24.21, 9p21.3, 10q24.32, and 18q21.32-q21.33) and two larger regions (6q14.1-q22.31 and 7q31.33-q33). Overall, 86% of the cases presented copy number alterations (CNA) by array. There was a high concordance of array findings with FISH (84% sensitivity, 100% specificity); all discrepancies corresponded to subclonal alterations detected only by FISH. A chromothripsis-like pattern was detected in eight cases. Three showed concomitant shattered 5p with gain of TERT along with isochromosome 17q. Presence of 11q loss was associated with shorter time to first treatment (P = 0.003), whereas 17p loss, increased genomic complexity, and chromothripsis were associated with shorter overall survival (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, we have validated a targeted array for the diagnosis of CLL that accurately detects, in a single experiment, all relevant CNAs, genomic complexity, chromothripsis, copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity, and CNAs not covered by the FISH panel. This test may be used as a practical tool to stratify CLL patients for routine diagnostics or clinical trials.
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Delgado J, Salaverria I, Baumann T, Martínez-Trillos A, Lee E, Jiménez L, Navarro A, Royo C, Santacruz R, López C, Payer AR, Colado E, González M, Armengol L, Colomer D, Pinyol M, Villamor N, Aymerich M, Carrió A, Costa D, Clot G, Giné E, López-Guillermo A, Campo E, Beà S. Genomic complexity and IGHV mutational status are key predictors of outcome of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with TP53 disruption. Haematologica 2014; 99:e231-4. [PMID: 24997154 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Santacruz R, Villamor N, Aymerich M, Martínez-Trillos A, López C, Navarro A, Rozman M, Beà S, Royo C, Cazorla M, Colomer D, Giné E, Pinyol M, Puente XS, López-Otín C, Campo E, López-Guillermo A, Delgado J. The prognostic impact of minimal residual disease in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia requiring first-line therapy. Haematologica 2014; 99:873-80. [PMID: 24700492 PMCID: PMC4008107 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.099796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A proportion of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia achieve a minimal residual disease negative status after therapy. We retrospectively evaluated the impact of minimal residual disease on the outcome of 255 consecutive patients receiving any front-line therapy in the context of a detailed prognostic evaluation, including assessment of IGHV, TP53, NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations. The median follow-up was 73 months (range, 2-202) from disease evaluation. The median treatment-free survival durations for patients achieving a complete response without or with minimal residual disease, a partial response and no response were 76, 40, 11 and 11 months, respectively (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that three variables had a significant impact on treatment-free survival: minimal residual disease (P<0.001), IGHV status (P<0.001) and β2-microglobulin levels (P=0.012). With regards to overall survival, factors predictive of an unfavorable outcome were minimal residual disease positivity (P=0.014), together with advanced age (P<0.001), unmutated IGHV status (P=0.001), TP53 mutations (P<0.001) and elevated levels of β2-microglobulin (P=0.003). In conclusion, for patients requiring front-line therapy, achievement of minimal residual disease negativity is associated with significantly prolonged treatment-free and overall survival irrespective of other prognostic markers or treatment administered.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Induction Chemotherapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasm, Residual/genetics
- Neoplasm, Residual/pathology
- Prognosis
- Treatment Outcome
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Allinne et al propose the nucleolin-dependent activation of the translocated CCND1 allele in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) because of its relocalization to a transcriptionally favorable area in the perinucleolar region.
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Enjuanes A, Albero R, Clot G, Navarro A, Beà S, Pinyol M, Martín-Subero JI, Klapper W, Staudt LM, Jaffe ES, Rimsza L, Braziel RM, Delabie J, Cook JR, Tubbs RR, Gascoyne R, Connors JM, Weisenburger DD, Greiner TC, Chan WC, López-Guillermo A, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Campo E, Jares P. Genome-wide methylation analyses identify a subset of mantle cell lymphoma with a high number of methylated CpGs and aggressive clinicopathological features. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2852-63. [PMID: 23754783 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell neoplasm with an aggressive clinical behavior characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32) and cyclin D1 overexpression. To clarify the potential contribution of altered DNA methylation in the development and/or progression of MCL, we performed genome-wide methylation profiling of a large cohort of primary MCL tumors (n = 132), MCL cell lines (n = 6) and normal lymphoid tissue samples (n = 31), using the Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip. DNA methylation was compared to gene expression, chromosomal alterations and clinicopathological parameters. Primary MCL displayed a heterogeneous methylation pattern dominated by DNA hypomethylation when compared to normal lymphoid samples. A total of 454 hypermethylated and 875 hypomethylated genes were identified as differentially methylated in at least 10% of primary MCL. Annotation analysis of hypermethylated genes recognized WNT pathway inhibitors and several tumor suppressor genes as frequently methylated, and a substantial fraction of these genes (22%) showed a significant downregulation of their transcriptional levels. Furthermore, we identified a subset of tumors with extensive CpG methylation that had an increased proliferation signature, higher number of chromosomal alterations and poor prognosis. Our results suggest that a subset of MCL displays a dysregulation of DNA methylation characterized by the accumulation of CpG hypermethylation highly associated with increased proliferation that may influence the clinical behavior of the tumors.
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Navarro A, Clot G, Prieto M, Royo C, Vegliante MC, Amador V, Hartmann E, Salaverria I, Beà S, Martín-Subero JI, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Wiestner A, Wilson WH, Campo E, Hernández L. microRNA expression profiles identify subtypes of mantle cell lymphoma with different clinicobiological characteristics. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3121-9. [PMID: 23640973 PMCID: PMC3691513 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE microRNAs (miRNA) are posttranscriptional gene regulators that may be useful as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. We aim to study the expression profiles of a high number of miRNAs and their relationship with clinicopathologic and biologic relevant features in leukemic mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression profiling of 664 miRNAs was investigated using a high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR platform in 30 leukemic MCLs. Statistical and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to define miRNAs associated with different clinicopathologic parameters. Gene expression profiling was investigated by microarrays in 16 matching cases to study the potential genes and pathways targeted by selected miRNAs. The prognostic value of miR-34a was investigated in 2 independent series of 29 leukemic and 50 nodal MCLs. RESULTS Robust consensus clustering defined 2 main MCL subgroups with significant differences in the immunoglobulin (IGHV) mutational status, SOX11 expression, genomic complexity, and nodal clinical presentation. Supervised analyses of IGHV and SOX11 categories identified 17 and 22 miRNAs differentially expressed, respectively. Enriched targets of these miRNAs corresponded to relevant pathways in MCL pathogenesis such as DNA stress response, CD40 signaling, and chromatin modification. In addition, we found 7 miRNAs showing prognostic significance independently of IGHV status and SOX11 expression. Among them, miR-34a was also associated with poor prognosis in 2 independent series of leukemic and nodal MCL, and in cooperation with high expression of the MYC oncogene. CONCLUSION We have identified miRNAs and target pathways related to clinical and biologic variants of leukemic MCL, and validated miR-34a as a prognostic marker in MCL.
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Bassaganyas L, Beà S, Escaramís G, Tornador C, Salaverria I, Zapata L, Drechsel O, Ferreira PG, Rodriguez-Santiago B, Tubio JMC, Navarro A, Martín-García D, López C, Martínez-Trillos A, López-Guillermo A, Gut M, Ossowski S, López-Otín C, Campo E, Estivill X. Sporadic and reversible chromothripsis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia revealed by longitudinal genomic analysis. Leukemia 2013; 27:2376-9. [PMID: 23612016 PMCID: PMC3865532 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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