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Ghosh UK, Upadhyay SN. Gas Holdup and Solid-Liquid Mass Transfer in Newtonian and non-Newtonian Fluids in Bubble Columns. CAN J CHEM ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450850604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sanghamitra S, Hazra J, Upadhyay SN, Singh RK, Amal RC. Arsenic induced toxicity on testicular tissue of mice. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 52:84-90. [PMID: 18831356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Effect of arsenic was studied on the testicular tissue of Swiss albino mice. Sodium-meta-arsenite (NaAsO2) was administered to adult mice (25 +/- 30 g) at a dose level of 30 mg/L and 40 mg/L through drinking water for 30, 45 and 60 days. After the treatment, the testicular organ was removed, weighed and processed for histopathological observation. No change in the body weight was recorded in treated groups after arsenic exposure but significant decrease in the relative testicular weight was observed in comparison with the control. The result showed that arsenic-treated mice exhibited dose dependent gradual reductions in seminiferous tubular diameter and various gametogenic cell population i.e. resting spermatocyte, pachytene spermatocyte and step-7-spermatid except spermatogonia. Leydig cell atrophy was significantly increased in dose dependent manner indicating a definite effect of arsenic on the spermatogenesis in mice. These observations were supported by gradual reduction in Leydig cell population in the above treated groups. In conclusion, the above results confirm the toxic effect of arsenic in testis of mice.
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Banik RM, Santhiagu A, Upadhyay SN. Optimization of nutrients for gellan gum production by Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC-31461 in molasses based medium using response surface methodology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:792-7. [PMID: 16707262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A molasses based medium for the production of gellan by Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC-31461 was developed. Placket-Burman design criterion was applied to study the effect of various nutrient supplements on gellan production using molasses. Among the 20 variables tested, molasses, tryptone, casaminoacid, disodium hydrogen orthophosphate and manganese chloride showed significant effect on gellan production. A central composite design was applied to determine the optimum concentrations of the significant variables obtained from Placket-Burman design. Most suitable medium composition for production of gellan was (g/l): molasses-112.5; tryptone-1; casaminoacid-1; disodium hydrogen orthophosphate-1; manganese chloride-0.947 and the optimum gellan production was 13.814 g/l.
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Singh RS, Agnihotri SS, Upadhyay SN. Removal of toluene vapour using agro-waste as biofilter media. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2006; 97:2296-301. [PMID: 16516463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of toluene vapour was investigated in a laboratory scale biofilter packed with cylindrical pieces of yellow-gram (Cajanus cajan) stalk. Inlet concentrations and volumetric flow rates of toluene were varied from 2.56 to 34.73 g/m3 and 0.18 to 0.24 m3/h, respectively. The steady state was achieved within seven days and the degradation of toluene followed an exponential behaviour with time. Elimination capacity increased and tended towards a constant value but removal efficiency decreased with increase in inlet toluene loading. Depending upon loading rate, the process was either mass transfer or reaction-controlled.
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Singh RS, Rai BN, Upadhyay SN. Performance evaluation of an agro waste based biofilter treating toluene vapours. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2006; 27:349-57. [PMID: 16583819 DOI: 10.1080/09593332708618649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of toluene vapour was investigated for 162 days in a laboratory scale biofilter packed with maize waste. Inlet concentration of toluene was varied from 2.86 to 5.79 g m(-3) and the volumetric flow rate of toluene loaded air from 0.09 to 0.3 m3 h(-1). The media bed height used in the study was 0.63 m. Plug flow behaviour of the bed was confirmed by RTD experiments. The steady state was achieved in 18 days. Depending upon initial loading rates, removal efficiency ranging from 54.5 to 85.3% and elimination capacity ranging from 43.47 to 174.6 g h(-1) m(-3) were observed during steady state operation. The dynamic behaviour of the biofilter was evident from response to change in process conditions. The stability of the biomass was evident from the fast response of the biofilter to shutdown and restart operations. High value of carbon recovery confirms the effective biodegradation in the biofilter. In the startup period, the pressure drop in the bed increased for some time after that it tended towards a constant value.
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Jani D, Singh NK, Bhattacharya S, Meena LS, Singh Y, Upadhyay SN, Sharma AK, Tyagi AK. Studies on the immunogenic potential of plant-expressed cholera toxin B subunit. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2004; 22:471-7. [PMID: 14517689 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2003] [Revised: 08/15/2003] [Accepted: 08/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun was transformed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a gene encoding the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) of Vibrio cholerae, modified to contain a sequence coding for an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (SEKDEL), under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Total protein from the transgenic leaf tissue was isolated and an aliquot containing 5 microg recombinant CTB was injected intradermally into Balb/c (H2K(d)) mice. CTB-specific serum IgG was detected in animals that had been administered plant-expressed or native purified CTB. A T-cell proliferation study using splenocytes and cytokine estimations in supernatants generated by in vitro stimulation of macrophages isolated from the immuno-primed animals was carried out. Inhibition of proliferation of T lymphocytes was observed in splenic T lymphocytes isolated from animals injected with either native or plant-expressed CTB. Macrophages isolated from mice immunised with native or plant-expressed CTB showed enhanced secretion of interleukin-10 but secretion of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha was inhibited. These studies suggest that plant-expressed protein behaved like native CTB with regards to effects on T-cell proliferation and cytokine levels, indicating the suitability of plant expression systems for the production of bacterial antigens, which could be used as edible vaccine. The transgene was found to be inherited in the progeny and was expressed to yield a pentameric form of CTB as evident by its interaction with G(M1) ganglioside.
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Amarnath, Namboodhiri TKG, Upadhyay SN. Flow-assisted corrosion of API X-52 steel in 3.5% NaCl solution. CAN J CHEM ENG 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.5450800314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dwivedi PN, Upadhyay SN. Particle-Fluid Mass Transfer in Fixed and Fluidized Beds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/i260062a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kumar S, Upadhyay SN, Mathur VK. Low Reynolds Number Mass Transfer in Packed Beds of Cylindrical Particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/i260061a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kumar S, Upadhyay SN. Mass and momentum transfer to Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in fixed and fluidized beds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/i100003a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Upadhyay SN. Effect of gamma-irradiation on H3 histone and DNA in solution. INDIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOPHYSICS 2001; 38:406-11. [PMID: 11989671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Three methods, namely, absorbance of colour by reaction with Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, UV absorbance and fluorescence intensity measurements for detection of H3 histone in 0.15 M standard saline citrate (SSC) solution were compared. Maximum sensitivity was found with the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Effect of varying pH and of gamma- radiation on H3 histone and on interaction of H3 histone with DNA were studied. For this, solutions of H3 histone in SSC, in 0.9% NaCl, H3 histone + DNA in 0.9% NaCl were subjected to varying pH (1-10) and gamma- radiation (dose 10-50 Gy) and lambda(max) and Alambda(max) were monitored. From the molar ratios of histone and DNA in the complex, it was observed that at gamma -radiation dose of 50 Gy and pH 8.54, there was a depletion of 6-8 microg/ml of histone from the histone-DNA complex.
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Dubey RS, Upadhyay SN. Microbial corrosion monitoring by an amperometric microbial biosensor developed using whole cell of Pseudomonas sp. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 16:995-1000. [PMID: 11679280 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(01)00203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A microbial biosensor was developed for monitoring microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metallic materials in industrial systems. The Pseudomonas sp. isolated from corroded metal surface was immobilized on acetylcellulose membrane and its respiratory activity was estimated by measuring oxygen consumption. The microbial biosensor was used for the measurement of sulfuric acid in a batch culture medium contaminated by microorganisms. A linear relationship between the microbial sensor response and the concentration of sulfuric acid was observed. The response time of biosensor was 5 min and was dependent on the immobilized cell loading of Pseudomonas sp., pH, temperature and corrosive environments. The microbial biosensor response was stable, reproducible and specific for sensing of sulfur oxidizing bacterial activity.
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Agarwal P, Yadav RP, Upadhyay SN. A new method of detection and differentiation of pathogenic from non-pathogenic Aspergillus species. J Med Microbiol 2001; 50:653-4. [PMID: 11444778 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-50-7-653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Furmanowa M, Gajdzis-Kuls D, Ruszkowska J, Czarnocki Z, Obidoska G, Sadowska A, Rani R, Upadhyay SN. In vitro propagation of Withania somnifera and isolation of withanolides with immunosuppressive activity. PLANTA MEDICA 2001; 67:146-149. [PMID: 11301861 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-11494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera plantlets were produced in vitro from the shoot-tip of aseptically germinated seedlings. Culture conditions were optimized using different plant growth regulators which gave rise to 120 shoots from a single bud. The plantlets were then transferred to pots and maintained in greenhouse for 4 months. 90% of these in vitro propagated plantlets survived and showed normal growth. Leaves from these plants were used for isolation of the withanolides. Methanolic extract of leaves from plantlets growing in tissue culture and those transferred to the greenhouse were evaluated for immunomodulatory activity. While the extract from greenhouse samples showed potent immunosuppressive activity, those from tissue cultures samples did not show any activity. Fractionation and characterization of withanolides, using HPLC, NMR, MS methods revealed the presence of withaferin A in the greenhouse samples. Our results indicate that Withania species may require longer time and better differentiation and also natural environment for the production of withaferin A.
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Arora MK, Sahu N, Upadhyay SN, Sinha ASK. Alumina-Supported Cadmium Sulfide Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water: Role of Dissolved Ammonia in the Impregnating Solution. Ind Eng Chem Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ie980637f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arora MK, Sahu N, Upadhyay SN, Sinha ASK. Activity of Cadmium Sulfide Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water: Role of Support. Ind Eng Chem Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ie980400j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jaiswal AK, Upadhyay SN, Satyan KS, Bhattacharya SK. Comparative effects of prenatal and postnatal undernutrition on learning and memory in rats. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 1999; 37:17-22. [PMID: 10355360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Effects of pre- and post-natal undernutrition on learning and memory parameters were studied in albino rats. Prenatal undernutrition was induced in rat pups by restricting the mother's diet by 50% during the entire gestation period, whereas postnatal undernutrition was induced in rat pups by restriction of their diet by rotating them between lactating and non-lactating maternalised females for 12 hr each day during suckling period from 2nd day to 18th day after birth. At 2.5 to 3 months of age all the rat offsprings were subjected to (i) original and reversal discrimination learning, (ii) passive avoidance, and (iii) active avoidance and its retention tests. The results indicate that both pre- and post-natal undernutrition in rat pups caused significant deficits in original and reversal discrimination learning, retention of passive avoidance after one week retention interval, and retention of active of avoidance learning. However, both pre- and post-natal undernutrition did not show significant effect on acquisition of active avoidance and retention of passive avoidance after 24 hr retention interval.
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Sahu N, Arora MK, Upadhyay SN, Sinha ASK. Phase Transformation and Activity of Cadmium Sulfide Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water: Role of Adsorbed Ammonia on Cadmium Sulfate Precursor. Ind Eng Chem Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ie980237s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arora MK, Sinha ASK, Upadhyay SN. Active Cadmium Sulfide Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water. Ind Eng Chem Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ie970617y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Garg S, Talwar GP, Upadhyay SN. Immunocontraceptive activity guided fractionation and characterization of active constituents of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1998; 60:235-246. [PMID: 9613837 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for immunocontraception by intervention of local cell mediated immunity in the reproductive system by using single intrauterine application of neem oil has been described earlier. The reversible block in fertility was reported to last for 107-180 days in female Wistar rats (Upadhyay et al., 1990. Antifertility effects of neem oil by single intrauterine administration: A novel method of contraception. Proceedings Of The Royal Society Of London B 242, 175-180) and 7-11 months in monkeys (Upadhyay et al., 1994. Long term contraceptive effects of intrauterine neem treatment (IUNT) in bonnet monkeys: An alternative to intrauterine contraceptive devices. Contraception 49, 161-167). The present study, describes the identification and characterization of the biologically active fraction from neem seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Family Meliaceae), responsible for the above activity in adult female Wistar rats. Initial studies with the mechanically extracted oil and solvent extracts of neem seeds have revealed that the antifertility activity was present in constituents of low to intermediate polarity. A hexane extract of neem seeds was reported to be biologically active (Garg et al., 1994. Comparison of extraction procedures on the immunocontraceptive activity of neem seed extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 22, 87-92). Subsequently, hexane extract was sequentially fractionated through the last active fraction using various separation techniques and tested for antifertility activity at each step. Preparative HPLC was used for isolating individual components of the active fraction in quantities, sufficient for characterization. An analytical HPLC method was developed for standardization of the fraction. The active fraction was identified to be a mixture of six components, which comprises of saturated, mono and di-unsaturated free fatty acids and their methyl esters. Dose response study was performed with the last active fractions. The antifertility activity with the active fraction was reversible in nature and it was completely active until 5% concentration. There was no systemic toxic effect following the administration of the active fraction. This study, for the first time, proposes an active fraction from neem seeds, responsible for long term and reversible blocking of fertility after a single intrauterine administration with high efficacy.
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Arora MK, Sinha ASK, Upadhyay SN. Effect of Dispersion and Distribution on Activity of Alumina-Supported Cadmium Sulfide Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water. Ind Eng Chem Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ie970477s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Upadhyay SN, Sharma A, Nagpal KK, Saini SK. Effects of Gamma Radiation on the concentration of 5 Hydroxy L Tryptophan and 5 Hydroxytryptamine in presence of Radioprotector in Sprague Dawley Rats. DEFENCE SCI J 1997. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.47.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Jaiswal AK, Upadhyay SN, Satyan KS, Bhattacharya SK. Behavioural effects of prenatal and postnatal undernutrition in rats. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 1996; 34:1216-9. [PMID: 9246914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of pre- and post-natal undernutrition on anxiety and depression paradigms were studied in albino rats. Prenatal undernutrition was induced in rat pups by restricting the dam's daily food during the gestation period whereas postnatal undernutrition in rat pups was induced by rotating them between lactating and non-lactating maternalised females daily for 12 hr during suckling period from 2nd to 18th day after birth. At 2.5 to 3 months of age all the rat pups were subjected to (i) elevated plus maze behaviour, (ii) open-field behaviour, and (iii) swimming induced behavioural despair tests. The results indicate that postnatal undernutrition caused significantly increased anxiety in the elevated plus maze as well as in open-field behaviour tests. Whereas prenatal undernourishment caused lesser degree of anxiogenic behaviours in the elevated plus maze test. Prenatally undernourished rats showed increased anxiety in the open-field behaviour test. Both, pre- and post-natal undernutrition also lead to increased depressive behaviour in the behavioural despair test and postnatal undernourishment caused greater degree of behavioural despair.
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