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Kirkman M, Heap S, Mitu–Pretorian O, McGrath S, Pararajasingam R, Tavakoli A, Augustine T. Posttransplant Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis Localized to the Terminal Ileum. Perit Dial Int 2010; 30:480-2. [DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2009.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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McGrath S, Chatterjee F, Whiteley C, Ostermann M. ICU and 6-month outcome of oncology patients in the intensive care unit. QJM 2010; 103:397-403. [PMID: 20231238 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcq032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in oncological care have led to improved short- and long-term prognosis of cancer patients but admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) remains controversial. AIM The objective was to assess the outcome of patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours admitted to the ICU as emergencies, and to identify risk factors for mortality. DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective and prospective analysis of 185 cancer patients admitted to the ICU at Guy's Hospital (259 admissions), a large tertiary referral oncology centre between February 2004 and July 2008. RESULTS One hundred and fifteen patients had haematological malignancies of whom 30.4% died in ICU. Seventy patients had solid tumours. ICU mortality was 27.1%. Fifty-four patients had >1 admission to ICU. ICU survivors had significantly lower acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores and less failed organ systems on admission to ICU and less organ failure during stay in the ICU. Neutropenia, sepsis and re-admission were not associated with an increased mortality. Six-month mortality rates for patients with haematological malignancies and solid tumours were 73 and 78.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION Short-term outcome of critically ill cancer patients in ICU is better than previously reported. The decision to admit cancer patients to ICU should depend on the severity of the acute illness rather than factors related to the malignancy. In appropriate patients, invasive organ support and re-admission should not be withheld.
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Elbaz W, Metwally L, Mcauley M, Gilpin D, McGrath S, Einarsson G, McCaughan J, Moore J, Goldsmith C, Elborn J, Tunney M. Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates cultured from cystic fibrosis patients to temocillin. J Cyst Fibros 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(10)60156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wei L, McGrath S, Gillanders L, Gilpin D, Drain M, Elborn J, Tunney M. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates cultured from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis. J Cyst Fibros 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(10)60155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chowdhury S, O’Brien TS, Sarwar N, Shamash J, McGrath S, Agrawal S, Lim L, Rudman SM, Harper PG, Powles T. The effect of sunitinib on immune parameters and haemopoetic stem cell markers in patients with untreated clear cell renal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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McGrath S, Short D, Harvey R, Schmid P, Savage PM, Seckl MJ. The management and outcome of women with post-hydatidiform mole 'low-risk' gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, but hCG levels in excess of 100 000 IU l(-1). Br J Cancer 2010; 102:810-4. [PMID: 20160727 PMCID: PMC2833242 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) after a hydatidiform mole is either treated with single- or multi-agent chemotherapy determined by a multifactorial scoring system. Women with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels >100 000 IU l−1 can remain within the low-risk/single-agent category and usually choose one drug therapy. Here we compare the success and duration of single- vs multi-agent chemotherapy in this patient group. Methods: Between 1980 and 2008, 65 women had a pre-treatment hCG >100 000 IU l−1 and were low risk. The initial hCG level, treatment regimens, changes and duration and overall survival were recorded. Results: Of 37 patients starting low-risk/single-agent treatment, 11 (29.7%) were treated successfully, whereas 26 (70.3%) required additional multi-agent chemotherapy to achieve complete remission (CR). Combination chemotherapy was initially commenced in 28 women, and 2 (7%) required additional drugs for CR. The overall duration of therapy for those commencing and completing single- or multi-agent chemotherapy was 130 and 123 days (P=0.78), respectively. The median-treatment duration for patients commencing single-agent but changing to multi-agent chemotherapy was 13 days more than those receiving high-risk treatment alone (136 vs 123 days; P=0.07). All 3 patients with an initial hCG >400 000 IU l−1 and treated with single-agent therapy developed drug resistance. Overall survival for all patients was 100%. Conclusion: Low-risk post-molar GTN patients with a pre-treatment hCG >100 000 and <400 000 IU l−1 can be offered low-risk single-agent therapy, as this will cure 30%, is relatively non-toxic and only prolongs treatment by 2 weeks if a change to combination agents is required. Patients whose hCG is >400 000 IU l−1 should receive multi-agent chemotherapy from the outset.
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Kestin L, Vicini F, Ye H, McGrath S, Ghilezan M, Martinez A. Percentage of Positive Biopsy Cores is a Strong Predictor of Clinical Outcome and Overall Survival in Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mangona V, Grills I, Yan D, McInerney E, Martin S, Kestin L, McGrath S. Predictors of Pulmonary and Other Thoracic Complications after Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for Primary or Metastatic Lung Tumors: Dose–volume Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brabbins D, Kestin L, Yan D, McGrath S, Vicini F, Gustafson G, Chen P, Wong J, Edmundson G, Martinez A. Improvement in Clinical Outcomes with Prostate Radiotherapy at a Single Institution in the PSA Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McGrath S, Kestin L, Dilworth J, Liang J, Krauss D, Yan D, Vicini F, Martinez A. Adaptive Image Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT) Eliminates the Risk of Geometric Miss Due to Rectal Distention in Prostate Cancer Treatment Planning: Biochemical and Clinical Evidence of Efficacy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Park S, Kestin L, McGrath S, Ghilezan M, Brabbins D, Gustafson G, Vicini F, Martinez A. Impact of Young Age on Clinical Outcome in Prostate Cancer Treated with High-dose RT in the Modern ERA. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Campanacci V, Sciara G, Blangy S, Spinelli S, Siponen M, McGrath S, van Sinderen D, Tegoni M, Cambillau C. A topological model of the baseplate of lactococcal phage Tuc2009. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308089307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Lau SL, McGrath S, Evain-Brion D, Smith R. Clinical and biochemical improvement in acromegaly during pregnancy. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31:255-61. [PMID: 18401209 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous case reports of pregnancy in acromegaly exist, however detailed descriptions of changes in placental and pituitary GH and IGF-I throughout gestation are rare. A 19-yr-old female presented to this institution with signs and symptoms of a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Following transphenoidal hypophysectomy, she had 3 unplanned pregnancies, despite ongoing active disease. No pregnancy was complicated by glucose intolerance or hypertension and 3 healthy newborns were delivered near or at term. Clinical improvement was observed during each pregnancy, accompanied by IGF-I levels lower than in the non-pregnant state, the majority lying within the normal range. This was despite increasing placental GH levels, and was not consistent with previous reports in the literature. Further surgical and medical therapies for acromegaly failed to normalize nonpregnant GH or IGF-I levels in this woman. Estrogen is known to alter GH signaling via its interaction with Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways. We hypothesize that increasing concentrations of estrogen or other pregnancy-related hormones resulted in her clinical and biochemical improvement during pregnancy. This may be used for future therapeutic benefit.
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McGrath S, Hodkinson TR, Barth S. Extremely high cytoplasmic diversity in natural and breeding populations of Lolium (Poaceae). Heredity (Edinb) 2007; 99:531-44. [PMID: 17622266 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6801030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten chloroplast microsatellite markers were used to characterise chloroplast genetic diversity at allelic and haplotypic level in 104 accessions of Lolium perenne, other Lolium species, Festuca species and x Festulolium cultivars. Furthermore, genetic relationships between the accessions and biogeographic distribution of haplotypes were investigated using a range of Nei's population genetic diversity measures and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). An extremely high number (511) of haplotypes was detected in 1575 individuals. Nei's gene diversity values among L. perenne accessions ranged between 0 and 0.333. Much of the L. perenne European ecotype diversity (61%), as calculated using AMOVA, could be attributed to within-population variance and this is likely caused by, and maintained by, high levels of natural and anthropogenic seed dispersal. Plastid gene pools and maternal lineages for L. perenne could be clearly identified. Evidence was found, using AMOVA, to show a likely migration route of L. perenne from Southern regions of Europe northwards.
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Zhao F, McGrath S, Gray C, Lopez-Bellido J. Selenium concentrations in UK wheat and biofortification strategies. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bounpheng M, McGrath S, Macias D, van Orsouw N, Suh Y, Rines D, Vijg J. Rapid, inexpensive scanning for all possible BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene sequence variants in a single assay: implications for genetic testing. J Med Genet 2003; 40:e33. [PMID: 12676906 PMCID: PMC1735418 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.4.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Volkov Y, Long A, McGrath S, Ni Eidhin D, Kelleher D. Crucial importance of PKC-β(I) in LFA-1–mediated locomotion of activated T cells. Nat Immunol 2001; 2:508-14. [PMID: 11376337 DOI: 10.1038/88700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Crawling T cell locomotion in which activated lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) integrins participate is associated with translocation of the protein kinase C-beta (PKC-beta) isoenzyme to the microtubule cytoskeleton. In normal T cells and T lymphoma cell lines, this type of motility is accompanied by PKC-beta-sensitive cytoskeletal rearrangements and the formation of trailing cell extensions, which are supported by microtubules. Expression of PKC-beta(I) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in nonmotile PKC-beta-deficient T cells restored their locomotory behavior in response to a triggering stimulus delivered via LFA-1 and correlated directly with the degree of cell polarization. We have also shown that PKC-beta(I) is a component of the tubulin-enriched LFA-1-cytoskeletal complex assembled upon LFA-1 cross-linking. These observations may have physiological equivalents at advanced (post-integrin activation) stages of lymphocyte extravasation.
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McGrath S, Fitzgerald GF, van Sinderen D. Improvement and optimization of two engineered phage resistance mechanisms in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:608-16. [PMID: 11157223 PMCID: PMC92627 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.2.608-616.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous replication module genes were identified for four P335 type phages. DNA sequence analysis revealed that all four phages exhibited more than 90% DNA homology for at least two genes, designated rep2009 and orf17. One of these genes, rep2009, codes for a putative replisome organizer protein and contains an assumed origin of phage DNA replication (ori2009), which was identical for all four phages. DNA fragments representing the ori2009 sequence confer a phage-encoded resistance (Per) phenotype on lactococcal hosts when they are supplied on a high-copy-number vector. Furthermore, cloning multiple copies of the ori2009 sequence was found to increase the effectiveness of the Per phenotype conferred. A number of antisense plasmids targeting specific genes of the replication module were constructed. Two separate plasmids targeting rep2009 and orf17 were found to efficiently inhibit proliferation of all four phages by interfering with intracellular phage DNA replication. These results represent two highly effective strategies for inhibiting bacteriophage proliferation, and they also identify a novel gene, orf17, which appears to be important for phage DNA replication. Furthermore, these results indicate that although the actual mechanisms of DNA replication are very similar, if not identical, for all four phages, expression of the replication genes is significantly different in each case.
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Buford D, Mologne T, McGrath S, Heinen G, Snyder S. Midterm results of arthroscopic co-planing of the acromioclavicular joint. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2000; 9:498-501. [PMID: 11229322 DOI: 10.1067/mse.2000.109560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been recent concern about long-term morbidity associated with arthroscopic co-planing of the acromioclavicular joint in the treatment of impingement syndrome. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the results of the co-planing procedure, special attention being paid to acromioclavicular joint morbidity. METHODS The study included 56 patients who were operated on by the senior author. Outcomes were evaluated both objectively and subjectively through physical examinations and telephone surveying. Each patient had subacromial decompression at the time of the index surgery. Other concomitant arthroscopic procedures included rotator cuff repair and labral debridement or repair. RESULTS Average follow-up was 4 years (range, 2-7 years). Thirty-five (95%) of 37 patients had no subjective pain and no objective tenderness to direct palpation or compression of the acromioclavicular joint. The joint was not clinically hypermobile in comparison with that on the opposite side in any patient. In all, 95% of patients had good or excellent results in terms of the University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Score. Of the 2 patients who did have pain and tenderness at the acromioclavicular joint, both had had multiple operations on their shoulders before the index procedure. Nineteen patients were not examined clinically but did complete a telephone survey; these 19 patients were not symptomatic at the acromioclavicular joint. CONCLUSIONS To fully treat impingement syndrome, the surgeon should remove osteophytes under the lateral clavicle and medial acromion. With good technique, the surgeon can leave the anterior, posterior, and superior acromioclavicular joint capsule intact. We conclude that for appropriate clinical indications, beveling the inferior 20% to 25% of the clavicle to make it co-planar with the decompressed acromion is safe and is not an etiologic factor in acromioclavicular joint pain or instability.
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Freeman BD, Zehnbauer BA, McGrath S, Borecki I, Buchman TG. Cytochrome P450 polymorphisms are associated with reduced warfarin dose. Surgery 2000; 128:281-5. [PMID: 10923005 DOI: 10.1067/msy.2000.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Warfarin use is complicated by an erratic dose response. Interpatient variability associated with warfarin therapy may be partly attributable to polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) complex. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the frequency and influence of CYP polymorphisms on warfarin dosing in our patient population. METHODS Patients receiving warfarin therapy were recruited from the inpatient divisions of our hospital. Genotyping for known polymorphic alleles of the CYP subfamilies CYP2C9 (CYP2C9*1, CYP2C9*2, and CYP2C9*3) and CYP2A6 (CYP2A6*1, CYP2A6*2) with the use of standard methods of polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed. An unpaired t test was used to statistically compare genotypes. RESULTS Genotype frequency in 38 patients is as follows: CYP2C9*1/CYP2C9*1, 71%; CYP2C9*1/CYP2C9*2, 21%; CYP2C9*2/CYP2C9*2, 3%; CYP2C9*1/CYP2C9*3, 5%; CYP2A6*1/CYP2A6*1, 95%; CYP2A6*1/CYP2A6*2, 5%. Compared to a wild-type genotype, the presence of the CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, or CYP2A6*2 allele was associated with a significant reduction in weekly warfarin dose (mean weekly warfarin dose [+/- SE] for wild-type genotype was 0.397 +/- 0.024 mg/kg/wk vs 0.307 +/- 0.03 mg/kg/wk for carriers of CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, or CYP2A6*2 polymorphism; P =.03). CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms that impair warfarin metabolism are common, occurring in 34% of patients, and are associated with increased warfarin sensitivity. The use of genotypic information to prescribe more accurate doses of warfarin may increase the safety and efficacy of this medication.
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Freeman BD, Schmieg RE, McGrath S, Buchman TG, Zehnbauer BA. Factor V Leiden mutation in a patient with warfarin-associated skin necrosis. Surgery 2000; 127:595-6. [PMID: 10819072 DOI: 10.1067/msy.2000.105866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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McGrath S, Dooley JS, Haylock RW. Quantification of Clostridium botulinum toxin gene expression by competitive reverse transcription-PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:1423-8. [PMID: 10742222 PMCID: PMC92003 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.4.1423-1428.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/1999] [Accepted: 01/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum produces a characteristic botulinum neurotoxin which can cause an often fatal neuroparalytic condition known as botulism. Although food-borne botulism is rare, critical screening by food companies is necessary to ensure that food products are safe. At present, the food industry assesses the risks of botulinum neurotoxin production by challenge testing to check any new food products and to check the efficacy of new storage regimes. Challenge testing involves artificial introduction of defined strains of microorganisms into food, and microbial growth and possible toxin production are then monitored. Botulinum toxin is normally analyzed by using the mouse bioassay. However, the mouse bioassay is expensive, slow, and politically sensitive because of animal rights issues. In this paper we describe adaptation of a new assay, competitive reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), to monitor botulinum neurotoxin production. This method accurately measures the level of toxin-encoding mRNA in C. botulinum cells. Measurement of mRNA should provide a good indication of gene expression as mRNA is turned over rapidly in bacterial cells. In addition, the method is rapid, specific, and sensitive. The competitive RT-PCR method was developed to examine C. botulinum E VH toxin gene expression and was used to investigate the level of toxin production by C. botulinum E VH when the organism was grown in two different types of broth. The results which we obtained with the competitive RT-PCR method demonstrated that this method is more rapid and more sensitive than the mouse bioassay.
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Abstract
Idiopathic central hypoventilation has occasionally been reported in previously well children after infancy. The relationship between this late-onset central hypoventilation syndrome (LO-CHS) and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) has not been established. Both CCHS and LO-CHS have been associated with neural crest tumors, such as ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma, and they generally occur in the presence of a histologically normal central nervous system. At least 10 case reports of idiopathic LO-CHS featured evidence of hypothalamic dysfunction (HD), including hyperphagia, hypersomnolence, thermal dysregulation, emotional lability, and endocrinopathies. We report on a case of LO-CHS/HD successfully treated by nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). Despite the commonalties with CCHS, we propose that LO-CHS/HD is a distinct clinical syndrome. In addition to the markedly different age at presentation, features of hypothalamic dysfunction are not seen in CCHS. Review of the literature was undertaken to further clarify the full spectrum of the disease.
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