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Martínez-Romero D, Castillo S, Valverde J, Guillén F, Valero D, Serrano M. THE USE OF NATURAL AROMATIC ESSENTIAL OILS HELPS TO MAINTAIN POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF ´CRIMSON´ TABLE GRAPES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2005.682.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Poulain E, Benítez J, Castillo S, Bertin V, Cruz A. A comparative theoretical study of the C2v and C3v reaction of H2 with a Pt4 cluster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2003.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pacheco-Sánchez JH, Luna-García H, Castillo S. Ab initio study of the reactions of Ga(2P, 2S, and 2P) with silane. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:5777-82. [PMID: 15367002 DOI: 10.1063/1.1785147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of Ga((2)P:4s(2)4p(1), (2)S:4s(2)5s(1), and (2)P:4s(2)5p(1)) with SiH(4) are studied by means of Hartree-Fock self-consistent field (SCF) and multiconfigurational SCF followed by extensive variational and perturbational second-order multireference Møller-Plesset configuration by perturbation selected by iterative process calculations, using relativistic effective core potentials. The Ga atom in its (2)P(4s(2)5p(1)) state can spontaneously insert into the SiH(4). The Ga atom in its (2)S(4s(2)5s(1)) state is inserted into the SiH(4). In this interaction the 3 (2)A(') potential energy surface initially attractive becomes repulsive after meeting the 2 (2)A(') surface linked with the Ga((2)P:4s(2)4p(1))+SiH(4) fragments. The two (2)A(') curves (2 (2)A(') and X (2)A(')) derived from the interaction of Ga((2)P:4s(2)4p(1)) atom with silane molecule are initially repulsive. The 2 (2)A(') curve after an avoided crossing with the 3 (2)A(') curve goes down until it meets the X (2)A(') curve. The 2 (2)A(') curve becomes repulsive after the avoided crossing with the X (2)A(') curve. The X (2)A(') curve becomes attractive only after its avoided crossing with the 2 (2)A(') curve. The lowest-lying X (2)A(') potential leads to the HGaSiH(3)X (2)A(') intermediate molecule. This intermediate molecule, diabatically correlated with the Ga((2)S:4s(2)5s(1))+SiH(4) fragments, which lies 1.5 kcal/mol above the ground state reactants leads to the GaH+SiH(3) or H+GaSiH(3) products through the dissociation channels. These products are reached from the HGaSiH(3) intermediate without activation barriers. This work shows that the Ga atom at its first excited state in the presence of silane molecules in gas phase leads to the formation of SiH(3) radicals, H atoms, GaH hydrides, as well as gallium silicide molecules.
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Astudillo H, Perez M, Silva J, Silva M, Castillo S, Benitez L, Gariglio P. P53, Bcl-2, PCNA expression and apoptotic rates during cervical tumorigenesis. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.5068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Astudillo H, Lopez T, Castillo S, Gariglio P, Benitez L. p53, Bcl-2, PCNA expression, and apoptotic rates during cervical tumorigenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1010:771-4. [PMID: 15033825 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1299.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Castillo S, Mozas P, Reyes G, Andrés E, Mallén M, Cenarro A, Pueyo M, Tejedor D, Argimón J, Panisello J, Plana N, Martínez A, Alonso R, Pocoví M, Mata P. W14.348 Cardiovascular risk factors in a Spanish heterozygous FH cohort. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(04)90347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mallén M, Martín B, Castillo S, Pueyo M, Pocoví M. M.576 A complete genetic diagnostic method for familial hypercholesterolaemia. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(04)90574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mozas P, Castillo S, Andrés E, Villar J, Gómez-Enterria P, Pintó X, Barba M, Alonso R, Mata P, Pocovi M. W14.382 Phenotypic expression of familial hypercholesterolemia associated with diabetes mellitus. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(04)90381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cruz A, Bertin V, Poulain E, Benitez JI, Castillo S. Theoretical study of the H2 reaction with a Pt4 (111) cluster. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:6222-8. [PMID: 15267509 DOI: 10.1063/1.1630298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The C(s) symmetry reaction of the H(2) molecule on a Pt(4) (111) clusters, has been studied using ab initio multiconfiguration self-consistent field plus extensive multireference configuration interaction variational and perturbative calculations. The H(2) interaction by the vertex and by the base of a tetrahedral Pt(4) cluster were studied in ground and excited triplet and singlet states (closed and open shells), where the reaction curves are obtained through many avoided crossings. The Pt(4) cluster captures and activates the hydrogen molecule; it shows a similar behavior compared with other Pt(n) (n=1,2,3) systems. The Pt(4) cluster in their lowest five open and closed shell electronic states: (3)B(2), (1)B(2), (1)A(1) (3)A(1), (1)A(1), respectively, may capture and dissociate the H(2) molecule without activation barriers for the hydrogen molecule vertex approach. For the threefolded site reaction, i.e., by the base, the situation is different, the hydrogen adsorption presents some barriers. The potential energy minima occur outside and inside the cluster, with strong activation of the H-H bond. In all cases studied, the Pt(4) cluster does not absorb the hydrogen molecule.
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Pacheco-Sanchez JH, Luna-Garcia H, Castillo S. Ab initio study of the reactions of Ga(2P, 2S, and 2P) with methane. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:4240-6. [PMID: 15268591 DOI: 10.1063/1.1643892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions of Ga(2P:4s(2)4p1, 2S:4s(2)5s1, and 2P:4s(2)5p1) with CH4 is studied by means of Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field (SCF) calculations using relativistic effective core potentials and multiconfigurational-SCF plus multireference variational and perturbational on second-order Möller-Plesset configuration interaction calculations. The Ga atom 2P(4s(2)5p1) state can spontaneously insert into the CH4. In this interaction the 4 2A potential energy surface is initially attractive and becomes repulsive only after meeting with the 3 2A surface, adiabatically linked with the Ga(2S:4s(2)5s1) + CH4 fragments. The Ga atom 2S(4s(2)5s1) excited state inserts in the C-H bond. In this interaction the 3 2A potential energy surface initially attractive, becomes repulsive after meet the 2 2A' surface linked with the Ga(2P:4s(2)4p1) + CH4 fragments. The two 2A curves (2 2A and X 2A) derived from the interaction of Ga(2P:4s(2)4p1) atoms with methane molecules are initially repulsive. The 2 2A curve after an avoided crossing with the 3 2A curve goes smoothly down and reaches a minimum: after this point, it shows an energy barrier. The top of this barrier is located below the energy value of the Ga(2S:4s(2)5s1) + CH4 fragments. After this energy top the 2 2A curve goes down to meet the X 2A curve. The 2 2A curve becomes repulsive after the avoided crossing with the X 2A curve. The X 2A curve becomes attractive only after its avoided crossing with the 2 2A curve. The lowest-lying X 2A potential leads to the HGaCH3 X 2A intermediate molecule. This intermediate molecule, diabatically correlated with the Ga(2S:4s(2)5s1) + CH4 fragments, which lie 6 kcal/mol, above the ground-state reactants, the dissociation channels of this intermediate molecule leading to the GaH + CH3 and H + GaCH3 products. These products are reached from the HGaCH3 intermediate without activation barriers. The work results suggest that Ga atom in the first excited state in gas-phase methane molecules could produce better quality a-C:H thin films through CH3 radicals, as well as gallium carbide materials.
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Boisdon MT, Castillo S, Brazier JF, Favrot J, Marsden CJ. 2(1H)-pyridinone (2-pyridone): self-association and association with water. Spectral and structural characteristics: infrared study and ab initio calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2003; 59:3363-3377. [PMID: 14607234 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(03)00162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
DFT calculations of 2(1H)-pyridinone (2-pyridone NHP), the centrosymmetric dimer (NHP)2 and the closed complexes (NHP, H2O) and (NHP, 2H2O), with their deuterated homologues NDP, (NDP)2, (NDP, D2O) and (NDP, 2D2O), are compared with vibrational spectra of NHP and NDP in ternary mixtures CH3CN, NHP, H2O. Experimental data are also obtained for NHP or NDP in various solvents. The protic solvent effects demonstrate that mechanical couplings are different in the 1500-1700 cm(-1) range for the nuC=O and nu8b (valence of the ring) modes in NHP and NDP (or (NHP, H2O) and (NDP, D2O)). For the first time, data are obtained for NDP in the dimer (NHP, NDP). Comparison of data for pyridone, monomer, dimer or complexed with water, shows that in the complexes, water is a weaker proton acceptor and a stronger proton donor than a second pyridone molecule in the centrosymmetric dimer.
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Mozas P, Castillo S, Reyes G, Tejedor D, Civeira F, García-Alvarez I, Puzo J, Cenarro A, Alonso R, Mata P, Pocoví M. Apolipoprotein E genotype is not associated with cardiovascular disease in heterozygous subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia. Am Heart J 2003; 145:999-1005. [PMID: 12796755 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(02)94788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are important differences in the presence of CVD among heterozygous subjects with FH. Some of this variability can be explained by genetic factors, and the apolipoprotein (apo) E genotype has been proposed as a useful marker. METHODS We analyzed the apo E genotype in 706 non-related subjects who were heterozygous for FH from Spain. CVD was present in 198 subjects (28%), 132 men (41%) and 66 women (17%). RESULTS Apo E allele frequencies for the epsilon 3, epsilon 4, and epsilon 2 alleles were 0.89, 0.09, and 0.02 respectively. Age, body mass index, smoking status, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, presence of tendon xanthomas, total cholesterol level, triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and Lp(a) did not differ among genotypes. The incidence of CVD and the age of onset of CVD did not differ among genotypes either. In the multivariant analysis, apo E genotype did not contribute significantly to CVD. CONCLUSIONS Heterozygous men with FH have a very high risk of coronary disease in a Mediterranean country, and the apo E genotype in this large group of adults with FH is not associated either with CVD or lipid values, in contrast with the established effect in the general population.
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Martinez-Romero D, Guillen F, Castillo S, Valero D, Serrano M. Modified Atmosphere Packaging Maintains Quality of Table Grapes. J Food Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb12339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cenarro A, Artieda M, Castillo S, Mozas P, Reyes G, Tejedor D, Alonso R, Mata P, Pocoví M, Civeira F. A common variant in the ABCA1 gene is associated with a lower risk for premature coronary heart disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia. J Med Genet 2003; 40:163-8. [PMID: 12624133 PMCID: PMC1735389 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common autosomal codominant hereditary disease caused by defects in the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene, and one of the most common characteristics of affected subjects is premature coronary heart disease (CHD). In heterozygous FH patients, the clinical expression of FH is highly variable in terms of the severity of hypercholesterolaemia and the age of onset and severity of CHD. Identification of mutations in the ATP binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) gene in patients with Tangier disease, who exhibit reduced HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 concentrations and premature coronary atherosclerosis, has led us to hypothesise that ABCA1 could play a key role in the onset of premature CHD in FH. In order to know if the presence of the R219K variant in the ABCA1 gene could be a protective factor for premature CHD in FH, we have determined the presence of this genetic variant by amplification by PCR and restriction analysis in a group of 374 FH subjects, with and without premature CHD. The K allele of the R219K variant was significantly more frequent in FH subjects without premature CHD (0.32, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.37) than in FH subjects with premature CHD (0.25, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.29) (p<0.05), suggesting that the genetic variant R219K in ABCA1 could influence the development and progression of atherosclerosis in FH subjects. Moreover, the K allele of the R219K polymorphism seems to modify CHD risk without important modification of plasma HDL-C levels, and it appears to be more protective for smokers than non-smokers.
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Greene JM, Asaki E, Bian X, Bock C, Castillo S, Chandramouli G, Martell R, Meyer K, Ruppert T, Sundaram S, Tomlin J, Yang L, Powell J. The NCI/CIT microArray database (mAdb) system - bioinformatics for the management and analysis of Affymetrix and spotted gene expression microarrays. AMIA ... ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS. AMIA SYMPOSIUM 2003; 2003:1066. [PMID: 14728569 PMCID: PMC1479987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
A scalable, modular, enterprise-level system for both microarray databasing and analysis over the Internet has been developed over the past four years by the National Cancer Institute's Center for Cancer Research in collaboration with NIH's Center for Information Technology. This completely Web-based system, called mAdb (for microArray database), is currently supporting over 810 registered users and collaborators at NIH and contains over 22,000 microarray experiments, making it one of the largest collections of microarray data in existence. In addition, the mAdb system has been ported for the Netherlands Cancer Institute, the Genome Institute of Singapore, and the CDC. This system has been used for a wide variety of scientific experiments spanning the range from cancer to studies of early development, and for human, mouse, rat, yeast, and numerous microbial organisms.
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Machicado C, Castillo S, Bueno M, Pocoví M, Sancho J. Mutaciones del receptor de LDL que permiten considerar la hipercolesterolemia familiar dentro de las enfermedades del plegamiento de las proteínas. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0214-9168(03)78903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gonzales GF, Córdova A, Vega K, Chung A, Villena A, Góñez C, Castillo S. Effect of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) on sexual desire and its absent relationship with serum testosterone levels in adult healthy men. Andrologia 2002; 34:367-72. [PMID: 12472620 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0272.2002.00519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was a 12-week double blind placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel trial in which active treatment with different doses of Maca Gelatinizada was compared with placebo. The study aimed to demonstrate if effect of Maca on subjective report of sexual desire was because of effect on mood or serum testosterone levels. Men aged 21-56 years received Maca in one of two doses: 1,500 mg or 3,000 mg or placebo. Self-perception on sexual desire, score for Hamilton test for depression, and Hamilton test for anxiety were measured at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. An improvement in sexual desire was observed with Maca since 8 weeks of treatment. Serum testosterone and oestradiol levels were not different in men treated with Maca and in those treated with placebo (P:NS). Logistic regression analysis showed that Maca has an independent effect on sexual desire at 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, and this effect is not because of changes in either Hamilton scores for depression or anxiety or serum testosterone and oestradiol levels. In conclusion, treatment with Maca improved sexual desire.
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Castillo S, Reyes G, Tejedor D, Mozas P, Suarez Y, Lasuncion MA, Cenarro A, Civeira F, Alonso R, Mata P, Pocovi M. A double mutant [N543H+2393del9] allele in the LDL receptor gene in familial hypercholesterolemia: effect on plasma cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease. Hum Mutat 2002; 20:477. [PMID: 12442279 DOI: 10.1002/humu.9087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the LDL receptor gene. During a survey of mutations of LDL receptor gene in Spanish FH patients we found two mutations in the same allele: a missense N543H mutation in exon 11 and a 9bp inframe deletion (2393del9) located in exon 17. This double mutant allele was founded in 10 out of 458 unrelated patients: one homozygous FH [N543H+2393del9] + [N543H+2393del9], one compound heterozygote [N543H+2393del9] + [W-18X+E256K] and 8 heterozygotes. Flow cytometric analysis showed a defective LDL binding (20% of normal value) and internalization (23%) in lymphocytes from the homozygous patient; furthermore, studies of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes demonstrated that the ability of LDL to support cell proliferation was impaired. Unexpectedly, not all carriers of the double mutant allele develop hypercholesterolemia and, furthermore, cholesterol-lowering treatment of the homozygous patient resulted in a 58% LDL cholesterol reduction. In conclusion, the phenotypic expression in the homozygous and heterozygous patients presented here, as well as the LDL-receptor residual activity, allowed the classification of this mutation as mild extending the group of mild mutations found at homozygosity.
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Valero D, Perez-Vicente A, Martinez-Romero D, Castillo S, Guillen F, Serrano M. Plum Storability Improved after Calcium and Heat Postharvest Treatments: Role of Polyamines. J Food Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Marı́n F, Martinez M, Uribesalgo T, Castillo S, Frutos M. Changes in nutraceutical composition of lemon juices according to different industrial extraction systems. Food Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Lario Y, Burló F, Aracil P, Martínez-Romero D, Castillo S, Valero D, Carbonell-Barrachina AA. Methylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids toxicity and total arsenic accumulation in edible bush beans, Phaseolus vulgaris. FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS 2002; 19:417-26. [PMID: 12028641 DOI: 10.1080/02652030110101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The main objective was to evaluate whether arsenic accumulated in the edible pods and seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris, cv. F15 above the Spanish maximum recommended concentration for food crops, 1 mg kg(-1) on a fresh weight basis. Only organic arsenicals, methylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids were used because they were: (1) the only arsenic species allowed for agricultural applications and (2) more mobile than inorganic species. Selection of French beans, a sensitive plant to arsenic, was based on the fact that arsenic-upward translocation is higher in sensitive than in tolerant plants. A 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted with two organic arsenic species (methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid) and three arsenic concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg l(-1)). Experimental results showed that the low bean plant tolerance to arsenic was possibly due to the high arsenic-upward transport to shoots, which could result in profound negative metabolic consequences. Even under extreme adverse conditions, arsenic residues in edible beans were below the maximum statutory limit set by the Spanish legislation. It is concluded that the major drawback of organic arsenical herbicides is that of decreased productivity rather than high arsenic intake by consumers of edible products from sensitive plant species.
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Luna-Garcı́a H, Ramı́rez-Solı́s A, Castillo S. Ab initio studies of the reactions of Cu(2S, 2D, and 2P) with SiH4 and GeH4. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1427713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Castillo S, Morán-Pineda M, Gómez R. Reduction of NO by CO under oxidizing conditions over Pt and Rh supported on Al2O3–ZrO2 binary oxides. CATAL COMMUN 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1566-7367(01)00049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Chapman BE, Anderson JK, Biewer TM, Brower DL, Castillo S, Chattopadhyay PK, Chiang CS, Craig D, Den Hartog DJ, Fiksel G, Fontana PW, Forest CB, Gerhardt S, Hansen AK, Holly D, Jiang Y, Lanier NE, Prager SC, Reardon JC, Sarff JS. Reduced edge instability and improved confinement in the MST reversed-field pinch. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:205001. [PMID: 11690477 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Improved confinement has been achieved in the MST through control of the poloidal electric field, but it is now known that the improvement has been limited by bursts of an edge-resonant instability. Through refined poloidal electric field control, plus control of the toroidal electric field, we have suppressed these bursts. This has led to a total beta of 15% and a reversed-field-pinch-record estimated energy confinement time of 10 ms, a tenfold increase over the standard value which for the first time substantially exceeds the confinement scaling that has characterized most reversed-field-pinch plasmas.
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Marson AG, Hutton JL, Leach JP, Castillo S, Schmidt D, White S, Chaisewikul R, Privitera M, Chadwick DW. Levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, remacemide and zonisamide for drug resistant localization-related epilepsy: a systematic review. Epilepsy Res 2001; 46:259-70. [PMID: 11518627 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-1211(01)00287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo controlled add-on trials of levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, remacemide and zonisamide for patients with drug resistant localization related epilepsy. METHODS We searched Medline, The Cochrane Library and contacted the relevant pharmaceutical companies. Outcomes were 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency and treatment withdrawal for any reason. Data were synthesised in a meta-analysis. The effect of dose was explored in regression models for levetiracetam and remacemide. RESULTS We found four trials (1023 patients) of levetiracetam, two (961) of oxcarbazepine, two (388) of remacemide and three (499) of zonisamide. Ignoring dose, the relative risks (95% CI) for a 50% response were 3.78 (2.62-5.44), 2.51 (1.88-3.33), 1.59 (0.91-2.97) and 2.46 (1.61-3.79), respectively. There was evidence for increasing effect with increasing dose for levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine and remacemide. The relative risks for treatment withdrawal were 1.21 (0.88-1.66), 1.72 (1.35-2.18), 1.90 (1.00-3.60) and 1.64 (1.02-2.62), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a useful effect for levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine and zonisamide. Levetiracetam has the more favourable 'responder-withdrawal ratio' followed by zonisamide and oxcarbazepine.
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Llácer A, del Amo J, Castillo S, Belza M. [Health and immigration; talking about AIDS]. GACETA SANITARIA 2001; 15:197-9. [PMID: 11423021 DOI: 10.1016/s0213-9111(01)71546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Castillo S, Revelen R, Bordron A, Renaudineau Y, Dueymes M, Youinou P. Anti-endothelial cell reactivity, the unresolved enigma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2001; 14:109-118. [PMID: 12604026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Not only are some anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) directed to thus far unidentified cell membrane structures, but some ot them recognize "planted" antigens and possibly ligand-receptor complexes. The functional heterogeneity of AECA is widely acknowledged: part of them activate the complement, mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity of trigger the production of tissue procoagulant factor. It has also recently been established that a proportion of AECA have the capacity to induce apoptosis of their target cells. In fact, the most direct demonstration of the pathogenicity of AECA is the autoantibody-induced murine model of vasculitis.
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78
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Castillo S, Mozas P, Reyes G, Tejedor D, Civeira F, Alonso R, Mata P, Pocovi M. Molecular genetics of familial hypercholesterolemia in Spain. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(01)80136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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79
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Alonso R, Castillo S, Mozas P, Reyes G, Pocovi M, Mata P. Phenotypic expression of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in Spain. The Spanish-FH study. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(01)80128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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80
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Cortés F, Mellado C, Hertrampf E, Alliende A, Castillo S. [Frequency of neural tube defects in public maternity during 1999 in Santiago, Chile]. Rev Med Chil 2001; 129:277-84. [PMID: 11372295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fortification of wheat flour with folic acid in Chile, started in January 2000. This fortification should decrease the incidence of neural tube defects. AIM To study the incidence of neural tube defects among Chilean newborns, during 1999. MATERIAL AND METHODS The records of all newborns and stillbirths with a birth weight over 500 g from 9 public maternity hospitals in Santiago in 1999, were reviewed. All neural tube defects, associated or not to other malformations were taken into account. RESULTS During the study period, 59.627 newborns and 455 stillbirths were analyzed. The global incidence of neural tube defects was 1.56 per 1.000 born (57% women, 42% men and 1% ambiguous sex). Spina bifida was the most frequent neural tube defect found. CONCLUSION These baseline data will be useful to assess the impact of folic acid fortification of wheat flour.
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Luna-Garcı́a H, Ramı́rez-Solı́s A, Castillo S. Ab initio studies of the reactions of M(1S,3P, and 1P) with GeH4 (M=Cd, Hg). J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1337863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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82
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Castillo S, Cenarro A, Mozas P, Reyes G, Pocoví M, Mata P, Alonso R, Puzo P, Civeira F. Familial hypercholesterolemia phenotype in Spain. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)80633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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83
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Mozas P, Cenarro A, Castillo S, Reyes G, Civeira F, Alonso R, Mata P, Pocovi M. Analysis of mutations in the LDLR gene in spanish patients with familial hypercholesterolemia by SSCP. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)81364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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84
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García-Otín A, Castillo S, Gañan A, Cenarro A, Recalde D, Civeira F, Mata P, Alonso R, Pintó X, Figueras R, Pocoví M. A rare Apo E variant, Apo E3 ΔL149, associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)81199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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85
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Mozas P, Cenarro A, Civeira F, Castillo S, Ros E, Pocovi M. Mutation analysis in 36 unrelated Spanish subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia: identification of 3 novel mutations in the LDL receptor gene. Hum Mutat 2000; 15:483-4. [PMID: 10790219 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(200005)15:5<483::aid-humu19>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We used the single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method to investigate 36 apparently unrelated Spanish patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) for mutations in the promoter region and the 18 exons and their flanking intron sequences of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene. Nineteen aberrant SSCP patterns were found, and the underlying mutations were characterized by DNA sequencing. In addition, we tested all patients for the presence of mutations in the gene coding for apolipoprotein B (apo B). Five missense mutations (Q71E, S156L, E256K, N543H and T705I), four nonsense mutations (W(-18)X, E10X, Q133X and C255X), six frameshift mutations (211delG, 518delG, 1045delC, 2085del19, 2207insT and 2393del9) and five splicing mutations (313+1G->C, 1061-8T->C, 1845+1G->C, 2140+5G->A and 2390-1G->C) were identified in the LDLR gene. In total, we detected 20 mutations, 3 of which, designated 1045delC, 1845+1G->C and 2207insT, have not been previously described. Seven patients were found to carry two different mutations in the same allele: W(-18)X and E256K (one patient), Q71E and 313+1G->C (two patients), 1061-8T->C and T705I (two patients), 518delG and 2140+5G->A (one patient) and N543H and 2393del9 (one patient). As we expected, there is a broad spectrum of mutations in the LDLR gene, given the genetic heterogeneity of the Spanish population.
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86
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Austin-Ward ED, Castillo S, Dragnic Y, Sanz P, Salazar S, Knoll JH. Clinical findings in a patient mosaic for a supernumerary ring chromosome 20. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 91:171-4. [PMID: 10756336 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000320)91:3<171::aid-ajmg2>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Marker chromosomes present a problem in genetic counseling because there are often no clear phenotype-karyotype correlations. We present the clinical findings in a patient who is mosaic for a supernumerary marker chromosome 20 determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and compare these findings to others reported in the literature.
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DeGruttola V, Dix L, D'Aquila R, Holder D, Phillips A, Ait-Khaled M, Baxter J, Clevenbergh P, Hammer S, Harrigan R, Katzenstein D, Lanier R, Miller M, Para M, Yerly S, Zolopa A, Murray J, Patick A, Miller V, Castillo S, Pedneault L, Mellors J. The relation between baseline HIV drug resistance and response to antiretroviral therapy: re-analysis of retrospective and prospective studies using a standardized data analysis plan. Antivir Ther 2000; 5:41-8. [PMID: 10846592 DOI: 10.1177/135965350000500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To assess the relation between resistance to antiretroviral drugs for treatment of HIV-1 infection and virological response to therapy, results from 12 different studies were re-analysed according to a standard data analysis plan. These studies included nine clinical trials and three observational cohorts. The primary end-point in our analyses was virological failure by week 24. Baseline factors that were investigated as predictors of virological failure were plasma HIV-1 RNA, the number and type of new antiretroviral drugs in the regimen, and viral susceptibility to the drugs in the regimen, determined by genotyping or phenotyping methods. These analyses confirmed the importance of both genotypic and phenotypic drug resistance as predictors of virological failure, whether these factors were analysed separately or adjusted for other baseline confounding factors. In most of the re-analysed studies, the odds of virological failure were reduced by about twofold for each additional drug in the regimen to which the patient's virus was sensitive by genotyping methods, and by about two- to threefold for each additional drug that was sensitive by phenotyping.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people with epilepsy have a good prognosis and their seizures can be well controlled with the use of a single antiepileptic drug, but up to 30 % develop refractory epilepsy, especially those with partial seizures. In this review we summarise the current evidence regarding oxcarbazepine when used as an add-on treatment for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of oxcarbazepine when used as an add-on treatment for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group's trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2000), MEDLINE (January 1966 to December 1999) and reference lists of articles. We also contacted Novartis (manufacturers of oxcarbazepine) and experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, add-on trials of oxcarbazepine in patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed trials for inclusion and extracted the relevant data. The following outcomes were assessed : (a) 50 % or greater reduction in seizure frequency; (b) treatment withdrawal (any reason); (c) side effects. Primary analyses were intention to treat. Summary odds ratios were estimated for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS Overall Odds Ratio (OR) (95 % Confidence Interval (CIs)) for 50 % or greater reduction in seizure frequency compared to placebo 2.96 (2.20,4.00). Treatment withdrawal OR (95 % CIs) compared to placebo 2.17 (1.59,2.97). Side effects: OR (99 % CIs) compared to placebo, ataxia 2.93(1.72,4.99); dizziness 3.05 (1.99, 4. 67); fatigue 1.80 (1.02, 3.19); nausea 2.88 (1.77, 4.69); somnolence 2.55 (1.84, 3.55); diplopia 4.32 (2.65, 7.04), were significantly associated with oxcarbazepine. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS Oxcarbazepine has efficacy as an add-on treatment in patients with drug-resistant partial epilepsy, both in adults and children. However, trials reviewed were of relatively short duration, and provide no evidence about the long term effects of oxcarbazepine. Results cannot be extrapolated to monotherapy or to patients with other epilepsy types.
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89
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Luna-Garcı́a H, Castillo S, Ramı́rez-Solı́s A. Ab initio studies of the reactions of M(1S, 3P, and 1P) with SiH4 (M=Cd, Hg). J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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90
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Sanz P, Calvo A, Tobella L, Salazar S, Daher V, Castillo S, Nielsen E, Smok G, Csendes A, Serra I. [Chromosome anomaly and flow cytometry in gallbladder adenocarcinoma]. Rev Med Chil 1998; 126:1301-10. [PMID: 10349172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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91
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Austin-Ward E, Castillo S, Cuchacovich M, Espinoza A, Cofré-Beca J, González S, Solivelles X, Bloomfield J. Neonatal lupus syndrome: a case with chondrodysplasia punctata and other unusual manifestations. J Med Genet 1998; 35:695-7. [PMID: 9719383 PMCID: PMC1051402 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.8.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a newborn infant whose mother had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosed before pregnancy. The child had clinical manifestations of neonatal lupus as well as chondrodysplasia punctata and other findings that resemble the congenital anomalies associated with the use of oral anticoagulants, with no history of exposure. We speculate that the combined action of the different maternal autoantibodies may produce the whole spectrum of manifestations.
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92
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Kelly MP, Kight MA, Castillo S. Trophic implications of altered body composition observed in or near the nails of hemodialysis patients. ADVANCES IN RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 1998; 5:241-51. [PMID: 9686635 DOI: 10.1016/s1073-4449(98)70037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of biochemically determined nutrient status, renal nutrition specialists have been left to assume that hemodialysis (HD) patients with a stable body weight and acceptable macronutrient intakes had adequate micronutrient stores. However, at the University of California Renal Center, using physical examination and laboratory studies, approximately one in three HD patients were found to have micronutrient imbalance. The Nutrition Physical Examination (NPE), an advanced practice, nutrition-focused, physical examination, can be a timely, cost-effective strategy in assessing nutrient status. Trophic changes that have been identified in and around the nails of HD patients suggestive of protein, vitamin, or mineral imbalance include (1) Beau's lines (zinc); (2) koilonychia (iron, copper, zinc, protein); (3) leukonychia (zinc); (4) pale nail beds (iron); (5) Muehrcke's lines (protein); (6) splinter hemorrhages (V-C); (7) onycholysis (iron, niacin); and (8) chronic paronychia (zinc). While these lesions are not pathognomonic of nutrient deficiency, they do provide valuable direction in diagnostic reasoning essential to problem-solving potential maladaptive alterations in the stimulus and function of micronutrients and their enzyme systems.
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93
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Luna-Garcı́a H, Castillo S, Ramı́rez-Solı́s A. Ab initio study of the reactions of Zn(1S, 3P, and 1P) with SiH4. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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94
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Planas J, Migliano E, Wagenfuhr J, Castillo S. External ultrasonic treatment of capsular contractures in breast implants. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1997; 21:395-7. [PMID: 9354599 DOI: 10.1007/s002669900143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The authors report their experience on the nonsurgical treatment of capsular contractures due to breast implant augmentation mammaplasty. External ultrasonic repeated applications have been applied to 24 patients after closed capsulotomy procedures in order to reduce the recurrency rate. The new ultrasonic device used was based on a 2-MHz generator with a timing adjustable power emission connected to eight transducers designed for breast anatomy. The authors report significant improvement of the closed capsulotomy technique demonstrating a persistent stability of the achieved results in 82% of the treated contractures, even in severe cases (Baker's IV), after a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. Methods of application, technical features of the ultrasonic device, experimental charts, and results obtained on 34 breast implant capsular contractures are reported and discussed.
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95
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Castillo S, Fernández M, Jaldin V. 4-17-13 The epilepsies in the elderly: Clinical aspects in a 37 patients serie under usual control. J Neurol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)86024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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96
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Sanchez-Borges M, Capriles-Hulett A, Fernandez-Caldas E, Suarez-Chacon R, Caballero F, Castillo S, Sotillo E. Mite-contaminated foods as a cause of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 99:738-43. [PMID: 9215239 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(97)80005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although insect and arthropod contamination of certain foods has been recognized for many years, allergic manifestations caused by ingestion of mite allergens have only rarely been reported. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to present clinical observations in patients who experienced acute anaphylaxis after eating mite-contaminated foods. METHODS Thirty atopic subjects who were first seen with systemic anaphylaxis precipitated by the ingestion of wheat-containing foods underwent skin prick tests with inhalant and food extracts, as well as with uncontaminated and mite-contaminated wheat flour. Flour samples were examined microscopically for identification and counting of mites. Der p 1 and Der f 1 levels were quantitated by using immunochemical methods. RESULTS The most common symptoms were breathlessness, angioedema, wheezing, and rhinorrhea, which started between 10 and 240 minutes after eating. Abundant mites were present in the flour obtained from 28 patients; Suidasia spp. mites were found in grated bread from the other two patients. Positive prick test responses to Dermatophagoides farinae-and mite-contaminated flour and negative skin test responses to wheat extract, other food extracts, and uncontaminated wheat flour were found in all patients. Skin test responses were positive in volunteers with mite allergy even after heating the mite-contaminated flour at 100 degrees C. Screening of 35 unselected flour samples demonstrated the presence of mites in 13 of them (37.1%). CONCLUSIONS Systemic anaphylaxis can occur after the ingestion of heated or unheated mite-contaminated foods. This problem may be more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries than previously recognized.
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97
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Castillo S. [Situation of genetics services in Chile]. Rev Med Chil 1997; 125:614-22. [PMID: 9497586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the demographic changes in Chile, where preventable causes of death are being controlled and congenital malformations arise as an important cause of morbidity and mortality during infancy, of pathological pregnancies and reproductive alterations, medical genetics is becoming increasingly important. Using data from an inquiry that was answered by thirteen medical genetics centers in the country, this article reviews the history of the discipline in Chile, the available resources, the existent services, the main problems found and their eventual solutions, genetics teaching and the research that is being conducted.
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98
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99
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Castillo S. [Use of molecular biology techniques in clinical research, in Chile]. Rev Med Chil 1996; 124:1245-7. [PMID: 9239914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Medical investigation in Chile is beginning to apply molecular biology methods as diagnostic tools and in studies establishing the prevalence of pathologies with Mendelian or multifactorial genetic origin. In this way, we are getting nearer to the strategies used worldwide for these purposes. Two studies published in this journal, one about hemophilia A where an analysis of intron-18 and intron-7 of the Factor VIII gene was applied as strategy for the diagnosis of carrier state in a Chilean population, and the other one about insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Santiago, Chile, with an analysis from immunogenetics to some environmental risk factors, constitute good examples about this integration.
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Wechsler H, Moeykens B, Davenport A, Castillo S, Hansen J. The adverse impact of heavy episodic drinkers on other college students. JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL 1995; 56:628-34. [PMID: 8558894 DOI: 10.15288/jsa.1995.56.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College student survey data were examined to assess the impact of campus levels of heavy episodic drinking on nonheavy episodic drinking college students. METHOD Analyses are based on a survey mailed to a random sample of college students at 140 American colleges. A total of 17,592 students (69%) at participating colleges responded. The study defined "heavy" drinking as the consumption of five or more drinks in a row for men and four or more for women, and divided schools into approximately equal categories: lower drinking level schools where 35% or fewer students were heavy drinkers; midlevel schools (36-50% heavy drinkers); and high drinking level schools where over 50% of the students were heavy drinkers. RESULTS Residing on campus at high drinking level schools adversely affected students who were not engaging in heavy drinking. The odds of experiencing at least one problem from other students' drinking was 3.6 to 1 when nonheavy drinking students at high drinking level schools were compared to nonheavy drinking students at lower drinking level schools. Examples of such secondary heavy drinking effects included being hit or assaulted, having one's property damaged or experiencing an unwanted sexual advance. CONCLUSIONS College alcohol prevention efforts should include a focus on the needs of students who are not engaging in heavy drinking yet may be adversely impacted by other students' heavy drinking.
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