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Cesarino I, Moraes FC, Machado SAS. A Biosensor Based on Polyaniline-Carbon Nanotube Core-Shell for Electrochemical Detection of Pesticides. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cesarino I, Moraes FC, Machado SAS, PassarettiFilho J, Cardoso AA. A New Indirect Electrochemical Method for Determination of Ozone in Water Using Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Valle EMA, Santamaría C, Machado SAS, Fernández JM. Thiram and picloram as entrapping agents for lead depicted by electrochemical methods. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-50532010000600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Malpass GRP, Miwa DW, Gomes L, Azevedo EB, Vilela WFD, Fukunaga MT, Guimarães JR, Bertazzoli R, Machado SAS, Motheo AJ. Photo-assisted electrochemical degradation of the commercial herbicide atrazine. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2010; 62:2729-36. [PMID: 21123900 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a degradation study of the pesticide atrazine using photo-assisted electrochemical methods at a dimensionally stable anode (DSA(®)) of nominal composition Ti/Ru(0.3)Ti(0.7)O(2) in a prototype reactor. The effects of current density, electrolyte flow-rate, as well as the use of different atrazine concentrations are reported. The results indicate that the energy consumption is substantially reduced for the combined photochemical and electrochemical processes when compared to the isolated systems. It is observed that complete atrazine removal is achieved at low current densities when using the combined method, thus reducing the energy required to operate the electrochemical system. The results also include the investigation of the phytotoxicity of the treated solutions.
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Malpass GRP, Miwa DW, Miwa ACP, Machado SAS, Motheo AJ. Study of photo-assisted electrochemical degradation of carbaryl at dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 167:224-229. [PMID: 19185994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results concerning the degradation of the pesticide carbaryl comparing two methods: electrochemical (EC) and photo-assisted electrochemical (PAEC). The experimental variables of applied current density, electrolyte flow-rate and initial carbaryl concentration were investigated. The results demonstrate that the electrochemical degradation of carbaryl was greatly enhanced when simultaneous UV light was applied. The greatest difference between the PAEC and EC method was apparent when lower current densities were applied. The extent of COD removal was much enhanced for the combined method, independent of the applied current density. It should be noted that the complete removal of carbaryl was achieved with out the need to add NaCl to the reaction mixture, avoiding the risk of chlorinated organic species formation.
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Malpass GRP, Miwa DW, Machado SAS, Motheo AJ. Decolourisation of real textile waste using electrochemical techniques: effect of electrode composition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 156:170-177. [PMID: 18242835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present paper presents the study of the decolourisation of real textile effluent by constant current electrolysis in a flow-cell using a DSA type material. The effect of using different anode materials (Ti/Ru(0.3)Ti(0.7)O(2); Ti/Ir(0.3)Ti(0.7)O(2); Ti/Ru(X)Sn(1-X)O(2), where X=0.1, 0.2 or 0.3) on the efficiency of colour removal is discussed. Attempts to perform galvanostatic oxidation (40 and 60 mA cm(-2)) on the as-received effluent demonstrate that colour removal and total organic carbon (TOC) removal are limited. In this case the greatest degree of colour removal is achieved when anode containing 90% SnO(2) is used. If the conductivity of the effluent is increased by adding NaCl (0.1 mol L(-1)) appreciable colour/TOC removal is observed. The efficiencies of colour and TOC removal are discussed in terms of the energy per order (E(EO)/kW h m(-3)order(-1)) and energy consumption (E(C)/kW h kg(-1)TOC), respectively. Finally, the extent of colour removal is compared to consent levels presented in the literature.
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Malpass GRP, Miwa DW, Miwa ACP, Machado SAS, Motheo AJ. Photo-assisted electrochemical oxidation of atrazine on a commercial Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 DSA electrode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:7120-7125. [PMID: 17993157 DOI: 10.1021/es070798n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the study of the degradation of the pesticide atrazine, employing photoassisted electrochemical methods at a dimensionally stable anode of nominal composition Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2. All experiments were performed in a flow cell, and the effects of current density, electrolyte flow rate, as well the use of different supporting electrolytes are reported. The results indicate that the energy per order (E(EO)/kW h m(-3) order(-1)) is substantially reduced when the photochemical and electrochemical techniques are combined. It is observed that complete atrazine removal is achieved at low current densities when the combined method is employed, thus reducing the energy required to operate the electrochemical system. The study of the electrolyte flow rate through the cell indicates that the photoassisted removal of atrazine is controlled by mass transfer. The degradation of commercial atrazine solutions is also presented, and the results show that the efficiency of atrazine removal is reduced compared with that of simulated solutions, due to the presence of the additional components present in the commercial formula.
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Malpass GRP, Miwa DW, Mortari DA, Machado SAS, Motheo AJ. Decolorisation of real textile waste using electrochemical techniques: effect of the chloride concentration. WATER RESEARCH 2007; 41:2969-77. [PMID: 17512571 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The present paper presents the study of the decolorisation of real textile effluent by constant current electrolysis in a flow-cell using a Ti/Ru(0.3)Ti(0.7)O(2) DSA type electrode. The effect of increasing the chloride ion concentration on the efficiency of colour removal is discussed. Attempts to perform galvanostatic oxidation (40 and 60 mA cm(-2)) on the as-received effluent demonstrate that colour removal and total organic carbon (TOC) removal are limited. If the conductivity of the effluent is increased by adding 0.033 mol L(-1) Na(2)SO(4), little increase in the extent of colour/TOC removal is observed. However, when Na(2)SO(4) is substituted, stepwise, with NaCl (while maintaining the ionic strength constant) appreciable colour/TOC removal is observed. The study of the effect of increasing the current density demonstrates that total colour removal is possible at high currents. The efficiencies of colour and TOC removal are discussed in terms of the Energy per order (E(EO)/kWh m(-3)order(-1)) and Energy consumption (E(C)/kWh kg(-1)TOC), respectively. Finally, the extent of colour removal is compared to consent levels presented in the literature.
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Lopes IC, De Souza D, Machado SAS, Tanaka AA. Voltammetric detection of paraquat pesticide on a phthalocyanine-based pyrolitic graphite electrode. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:1907-14. [PMID: 17593356 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the application of an ordinary pyrolitic graphite electrode modified by metallophthalocyanine allied to square wave voltammetry for the study of the electrochemical behavior of the herbicide paraquat and the development of a method for its analytical determination in natural water samples. Preliminary experiments indicated that the best responses, considering the intensities of the current and voltammetric profile for the paraquat reduction process, were obtained when the electrode modified by cobalt phthalocyanine was employed, which had a better catalytic activity as a result of this modification compared with that for an unmodified electrode and electrodes modified by iron, manganese and the acid form of the phthalocyanines. Studies of the concentration of cobalt phthalocyanine and the adsorption time showed that 1.0x10(-4) mol L(-1) cobalt phthalocyanine with an adsorption time of 10 min was sufficient to obtain reliability and stability of modification for employment in the development of the electroanalytical procedure for paraquat determination in natural water samples. The variation in pH of a 0.10 mol L(-1) Britton-Robinson buffer solution and the square wave parameters indicated that the best conditions to reduce paraquat were pH 7.0, a frequency of 100 s(-1), a scan increment of 2 mV and a square wave amplitude of 50 mV. Under such conditions, the variation of paraquat concentrations from 5.00x10(-7) to 2.91x10(-5) mol L(-1) showed a linear relation, with detection and quantification limits of 26.53 and 88.23 microg L(-1); those values were lower than the maximum limits for drinking water permitted by the Brazilian Environmental Council (100 microg L(-1)), indicating that the method could be employed to analyze paraquat in drinking water samples.
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De Souza D, Galli A, Calegaro ML, Machado SAS, Pires RC. Utilização da múltipla voltametria de onda quadrada na determinação eletroanalítica de compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos. QUIM NOVA 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422007000200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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36
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Oliveira RTS, Salazar-Banda GR, Santos MC, Calegaro ML, Miwa DW, Machado SAS, Avaca LA. Electrochemical oxidation of benzene on boron-doped diamond electrodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 66:2152-8. [PMID: 17126378 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an electrochemical investigation of the benzene oxidation process in aqueous solution on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Additionally, in order to determine the main products generated during the oxidation process, electrolysis and high performance liquid chromatography experiments were carried out. The complete degradation of this compound was performed aiming to a further application in waste water treatment. The cyclic voltammetry studies indicate that benzene is irreversibly oxidized in acid medium (H2SO4 0.5 M) on the BDD electrode surface at 2.0 V versus Ag/AgCl in a diffusion controlled process. During the cycling, other products are generated, and a pair of peaks was observed that can be associated with the oxi-reduction of anyone of the following species: hydroquinone, benzoquinone, resorcinol or catechol. The electrolysis experiments were carried out at 2.4 and 2.5 V on the BDD electrode surface in a solution containing 1x10(-2) M of benzene (below the saturation concentration in aqueous solution), for 3 and 5 h, respectively. The main products measured were: hydroquinone, resorcinol, p-benzoquinone, catechol and phenol. The complete electrochemical benzene degradation was performed in the electrolysis experiments using a rotating BDD disc electrode (2.5 V for 5 h) and the main products detected were all measured at concentrations lower than 10(-5) M in this condition. The boron-doped diamond electrode had proved to be a valuable tool for the electrochemical degradation of the benzene, a very stable chemical compound.
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De Souza D, de Toledo RA, Galli A, Salazar-Banda GR, Silva MRC, Garbellini GS, Mazo LH, Avaca LA, Machado SAS. Determination of triazine herbicides: development of an electroanalytical method utilizing a solid amalgam electrode that minimizes toxic waste residues, and a comparative study between voltammetric and chromatographic techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2245-53. [PMID: 17260139 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of a copper solid amalgam electrode (CuSAE) for the analytical determination of triazine herbicides (atrazine and ametryne) instead of the conventional hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) is reported. The results obtained using electroanalytical methods utilizing each of these electrodes were also compared with those provided by the HPLC technique. The results indicated that the CuSAE electrode can be used to detect the herbicides studied, since the detection limits reached using the electrode (3.06 microg L-1 and 3.78 microg L-1 for atrazine and ametryne, respectively) are lower than the maximum values permitted by CONAMA (Brazilian National Council for the Environment) for wastewaters (50 microg L-1) and by the US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency of the United States) in natural water samples (10.00 microg L-1). An electroanalytical methodology employing CuSAE and square wave voltammetry (SWV) was successfully applied to the determination of atrazine and ametryne in natural water samples, yielding good recoveries (70.30%-79.40%). This indicates that the CuSAE provides a convenient substitute for the HMDE, particularly since the CuSAE minimizes the toxic waste residues produced by the use of mercury in HDME-based analyses.
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Codognoto L, Winter E, Paschoal JAR, Suffredini HB, Cabral MF, Machado SAS, Rath S. Electrochemical behavior of dopamine at a 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid self-assembled monolayers. Talanta 2006; 72:427-33. [PMID: 19071635 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monolayers of 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid (DTDPA) were prepared on a polycrystalline gold electrode through a self-assembly procedure to produce a gold 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid self-assembled monolayer (AuDTDPA) modified electrode. The characterization of the AuDTDPA electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and ac impedance using the [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) redox couple. The electrochemical behavior of DA on the modified electrode AuDTDPA was studied by cyclic and square-wave voltammetries, using phosphate buffer as supporting electrolyte. The oxidation peak current for DA increases linearly with concentration in the range of 0.35x10(-5) to 3.4x10(-5)molL(-1). The performance of the AuDTDPA modified electrode was evaluated for the electroanalytical determination of dopamine (DA) in a pharmaceutical formulation. The AuDTDPA modified electrode showed a stable behavior and the presence of surface-COOH groups avoided the passivation of the electrode surface during the dopamine oxidation.
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Miwa DW, Malpass GRP, Machado SAS, Motheo AJ. Electrochemical degradation of carbaryl on oxide electrodes. WATER RESEARCH 2006; 40:3281-9. [PMID: 16914179 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the study of a prospective electrochemical treatment system for the pesticide carbaryl. Three different dimensionally stable anodes were employed (Ti/Ru0.3 Ti0.7 O2, Ti/Ru0.3 Sn0.7 O2 and Ti/Ir0.3 Ti0.7 O2) and the effect of current density (10, 20, 40 and 60 mA cm(-2)) and supporting electrolyte (0.1 mol L(-1) NaCl and 0.033 mol L(-1) H2SO4) is discussed. All the electrodes present a low level of carbaryl and total organic carbon removal in H2SO4, even at highly positive potentials, indicating that the application of current is not, in itself, sufficient to promote effective oxidation of the pesticide and its products. However, in the presence of NaCl all the electrodes used present rapid diminishing of the carbaryl and total organic carbon content, thus suggesting enhanced activity. The results demonstrate the participation of partially oxidised Cl- species at the electrode surface, which act as an intermediate in the electron transfer between the pesticide molecule and the electrode. Thus, under such conditions, the feasibility of the electrochemical route for the treatment (total or partial) of waste that contains carbaryl is evident.
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Malpass GRP, Miwa DW, Machado SAS, Olivi P, Motheo AJ. Oxidation of the pesticide atrazine at DSA electrodes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2006; 137:565-72. [PMID: 16621259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Revised: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the study of the electrochemical oxidation of the pesticide atrazine at a Ti/Ru(0.3)Ti(0.7)O(2) dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). The effect of using different supporting electrolytes (NaCl, NaOH, NaNO(3), NaClO(4), H(2)SO(4) and Na(2)SO(4)) during the galvanostatic electrolysis of atrazine was investigated. It was observed that the removal of atrazine and total organic carbon (TOC) was only achieved at appreciable rates when NaCl was used as the supporting electrolyte, due to the oxidising species formed in this electrolyte (e.g. ClO(-)). Variation of the NaCl concentration demonstrated that, although only low concentrations of NaCl are necessary to result in the complete removal of atrazine in solution, TOC removal is almost linearly dependent on the quantity of NaCl in solution. Examination of the applied current density indicates that the efficiency of TOC removal reaches a maximum at 60 mA cm(-2). Testing of alternative electrode materials containing SnO(2) did not improve the efficiency of atrazine removal in Na(2)SO(4), but in NaCl a small increase was observed. Overall there appears to be no great advantage in using SnO(2)-containing electrodes over the Ti/Ru(0.3)Ti(0.7)O(2) electrode.
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Pedrosa VA, Machado SAS, Avaca LA. Application of a Deconvolutive Procedure to Analyze Several Chlorophenol Species in Natural Waters by Square‐Wave Voltammetry on the Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600723783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Suffredini HB, Salazar-Banda GR, Tanimoto ST, Calegaro ML, Machado SAS, Avaca LA. AFM studies and electrochemical characterization of boron-doped diamond surfaces modified with metal oxides by the Sol-Gel method. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-50532006000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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43
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Galli A, De Souza D, Garbellini GS, Coutinho CFB, Mazo LH, Avaca LA, Machado SAS. Utilização de técnicas eletroanalíticas na determinação de pesticidas em alimentos. QUIM NOVA 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422006000100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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44
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De Souza D, Machado SAS. Electroanalytical method for determination of the pesticide dichlorvos using gold-disk microelectrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1720-5. [PMID: 16001239 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the use of laboratory-prepared gold microelectrodes and square-wave voltammetry for analytical determination of low concentrations of the pesticide dichlorvos in pure and natural water samples. After optimization of the experimental and voltammetric conditions, the best voltammetric responses-current intensity and voltammetric profile-were obtained in 0.1 mol L(-1) NaClO4 with f=100 s(-1), a=50 mV, and DeltaE(s)=2 mV. The observed detection and quantification limits in pure water were 7.8 and 26.0 microg L(-1), respectively. The reproducibility and repeatability of the method were also determined; the results were 1.4% (n=5) and 1.2% (n=10), respectively. Possible interfering effects were evaluated in natural water samples collected at different points with different levels of contamination from agricultural, domestic, or industrial waste from an urban stream. Results showed that the detection and quantification limits increased as a function of the quantity of organic matter present in the samples. Nonetheless, the values observed for these method characteristics were below the maximum value allowed by the Brazilian code for organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. Recovery curves constructed using the standard addition method were shown to be satisfactory compared with those obtained from high-performance liquid chromatography, confirming the suitability of the method for analysis of natural water samples. Finally, when the method was used to determine dichlorvos in spiked cows' milk samples, satisfactory recovery and relative standard deviations were obtained.
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Oliveira RTS, Machado SAS. Quantificação do pesticida diclorvos por voltametria de onda quadrada em águas puras e naturais. QUIM NOVA 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422004000600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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46
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Souza DD, Codognoto L, Malagutti AR, Toledo RA, Pedrosa VA, Oliveira RTS, Mazo LH, Avaca LA, Machado SAS. Voltametria de onda quadrada. Segunda parte: aplicações. QUIM NOVA 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422004000500019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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47
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Souza DD, Machado SAS. Estudo eletroanalítico do herbicida paraquat em soluções aquosas por voltametria de onda quadrada utilizando ultramicroeletrodos. QUIM NOVA 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422003000500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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48
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Massaroppi MRC, Machado SAS, Avaca LA. Electroanalytical determination of the herbicide picloram in natural waters by square wave voltammetry. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-50532003000100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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49
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Souza DD, Machado SAS, Avaca LA. Voltametria de onda quadrada. Primeira parte: aspectos teóricos. QUIM NOVA 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422003000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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50
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Santos MC, Machado SAS, Avaca LA, Mascaro LH. Estudos da eletrodeposição de metais em regime de subtensão. QUIM NOVA 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422000000300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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