Studies of Charm Quark Diffusion inside Jets Using Pb-Pb and pp Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

The first study of charm quark diffusion with respect to the jet axis in heavy ion collisions is presented. The measurement is performed using jets with p_{T}^{jet}>60  GeV/c and D^{0} mesons with p_{T}^{D}>4  GeV/c in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV, recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC. The radial distribution of D^{0} mesons with respect to the jet axis is sensitive to the production mechanisms of the meson, as well as to the energy loss and diffusion processes undergone by its parent parton inside the strongly interacting medium produced in Pb-Pb collisions. When compared to Monte Carlo event generators, the radial distribution in pp collisions is found to be well described by pythia, while the slope of the distribution predicted by sherpa is steeper than that of the data. In Pb-Pb collisions, compared to the pp results, the D^{0} meson distribution for 4<p_{T}^{D}<20  GeV/c hints at a larger distance on average with respect to the jet axis, reflecting a diffusion of charm quarks in the medium created in heavy ion collisions. At higher p_{T}^{D}, the Pb-Pb and pp radial distributions are found to be similar.

Proposta de sequenciamento das projeções mielográficas na identificação de compressão da medula espinhal em cães com doença do disco intervertebral cervical

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar em quais projeções foi possível identificar compressão da medula espinhal em cães com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) cervical e propor um sequenciamento das projeções a ser realizado no exame mielográfico dessa região. Foram avaliadas quatro projeções mielográficas (lateral, ventrodorsal e oblíquas esquerda e direita) de 41 pacientes diagnosticados com DDIV cervical. Em 40 pacientes (97,5%), foi possível identificar compressão da medula espinhal na projeção lateral; em 22 (53,6%), nas oblíquas; e em 11 (26,8%), na ventrodorsal (P<0,05). Havia lateralização da compressão em 22 (53,6%) pacientes; 100% delas (n=22) foram detectadas pelas projeções oblíquas e 50% (n=11) pela ventrodorsal. Em 10 (24,4%) cães, foi observado mais que um local de compressão, tendo as projeções ventrodorsal e oblíquas auxiliado na definição do local de compressão em 50% e 70%, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que todas as projeções mielográficas estudadas permitem identificar compressão na medula espinhal em cães com DDIV cervical, sendo a incidência lateral a que mais a revelou, seguida das oblíquas e da ventrodorsal, estabelecendo-se, assim, uma proposta de sequenciamento das projeções mielográficas a serem realizadas para essa região.

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 45 countries for 2012-2017: Device-associated module

BACKGROUND

We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2012 to December 2017 in 523 intensive care units (ICUs) in 45 countries from Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific.

METHODS

During the 6-year study period, prospective data from 532,483 ICU patients hospitalized in 242 hospitals, for an aggregate of 2,197,304 patient days, were collected through the INICC Surveillance Online System (ISOS). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI) were applied.

RESULTS

Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled central line-associated bloodstream infection rate was higher (5.05 vs 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days); the ventilator-associated pneumonia rate was also higher (14.1 vs 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days,), as well as the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.1 vs 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days). From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance, such as of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin-tazobactam (33.0% vs 18.3%), were also higher.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite a significant trend toward the reduction in INICC ICUs, DA-HAI rates are still much higher compared with CDC-NHSN's ICUs representing the developed world. It is INICC's main goal to provide basic and cost-effective resources, through the INICC Surveillance Online System to tackle the burden of DA-HAIs effectively.

Abstract P2-09-11: Prevalence of patients with indication of genetic evaluation for hereditary breast and ovarian syndrome in the Brazilian cohort study - AMAZONA III

INTRODUCTION: The evaluation of an individual with risk of hereditary breast cancer is based on the patient's family history and the characteristics of the neoplasia. BRCA1 and BRCA 2 are the most common genes associated with hereditary predisposition for breast or ovarian cancer. The evaluation of an individual with risk of hereditary breast cancer is key to identify patients with indication to BRCA test. Recent studies in US suggests that 31 to 34% of patients with breast cancer should be referred for genetic evaluation. In Brazil, the proportion of BC patients with indication to genetic evaluation is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of breast cancer patients enrolled in the AMAZONA III study with indication for genetic evaluation considering the criteria for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). METHOD: We evaluated the database of the AMAZONA III observational, prospective cohort study which included 2950 patients newly diagnosed with BC in the period of 2016-18 within 23 Brazilian sites. The criteria used to select patients who should be referred for genetic testing were extracted from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline 2018. The characteristics of interest were summarized through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 1094 (37%) BC patients had at least one criteria for HBOC syndrome test. The most common criteria for testing was age equal or inferior 45 years (27%), BC diagnosis under 50 years and family history of breast cancer (13.5%). From the 2950 enrolled patients, 651 (22%) had the information about whether an evaluation of BRCA test was performed. Of them only 45 (6.9%) performed BRCA test, one patient from public health system and the others from private health system and from those tested 18 (40%) had an identified pathogenic mutation. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of patients diagnosed with BC in Brazil have a criteria for HBOC syndrome testing. Nonetheless a few patients have access to genetic counseling and BRCA test, especially in the public health system. Therefore its critical to implement health policies to facilitate the access to specialized care in hereditary cancer.

Frequency of each criteria regarding all 2950 patientsTotal - n (%)Missing - n (%)&lt;=45 years806 (27.32)62 (2.10)&lt;= 60 years and molecular subtype triple negative234 (7.93)681 (23.08)Family history of ovarian cancer101 (3.42)214 (7.25)&lt;= 50 years and family history of breast cancer388 (13.15)214 (7.25)&lt;= 50 years and personal history of breast cancer26 (0.88)142 (4.81)Personal history of ovarian cancer4 (0.14)142 (4.81)

Citation Format: Alessandra BorbaAnton de Souza, Daniela Rosa, Antonio LuiZ Frasson, Felipe Pereira Zerwes, Nathalia Cunha Rossato, Patricia Asthon-Prolla, Sergio Simon, Jose Bines, Carlos Barrios, Alessandra Morelle, Carlos AlbertoSampaio Filho, Max Mano, Rafaela Gomes, Gustavo Werutsky. Prevalence of patients with indication of genetic evaluation for hereditary breast and ovarian syndrome in the Brazilian cohort study - AMAZONA III [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-11.

Extraction and validation of a new set of CMS pythia8 tunes from underlying-event measurements

New sets of CMS underlying-event parameters ("tunes") are presented for the pythia8 event generator. These tunes use the NNPDF3.1 parton distribution functions (PDFs) at leading (LO), next-to-leading (NLO), or next-to-next-to-leading (NNLO) orders in perturbative quantum chromodynamics, and the strong coupling evolution at LO or NLO. Measurements of charged-particle multiplicity and transverse momentum densities at various hadron collision energies are fit simultaneously to determine the parameters of the tunes. Comparisons of the predictions of the new tunes are provided for observables sensitive to the event shapes at LEP, global underlying event, soft multiparton interactions, and double-parton scattering contributions. In addition, comparisons are made for observables measured in various specific processes, such as multijet, Drell-Yan, and top quark-antiquark pair production including jet substructure observables. The simulation of the underlying event provided by the new tunes is interfaced to a higher-order matrix-element calculation. For the first time, predictions from pythia8 obtained with tunes based on NLO or NNLO PDFs are shown to reliably describe minimum-bias and underlying-event data with a similar level of agreement to predictions from tunes using LO PDF sets.

A religiously-tailored, multilevel intervention in African American churches to increase HIV testing: Rationale and design of the Taking It to the Pews cluster randomized trial

HIV continues to disproportionately impact African American (AA) communities. Due to delayed HIV diagnosis, AAs tend to enter HIV treatment at advanced stages. There is great need for increased access to regular HIV testing and linkage to care services for AAs. AA faith institutions are highly influential and have potential to increase the reach of HIV testing in AA communities. However, well-controlled full-scale trials have not been conducted in the AA church context. We describe the rationale and design of a 2-arm cluster randomized trial to test a religiously-tailored HIV testing intervention (Taking It to the Pews [TIPS]) against a standard information arm on HIV testing rates among AA church members and community members they serve. Using a community-engaged approach, TIPS intervention components are delivered by trained church leaders via existing multilevel church outlets using religiously-tailored HIV Tool Kit materials and activities (e.g., sermons, responsive readings, video/print testimonials, HIV educational games, text messages) to encourage testing. Church-based HIV testing events and linkage to care services are conducted by health agency partners. Control churches receive standard, non-tailored HIV information via multilevel church outlets. Secondarily, HIV risk/protective behaviors and process measures on feasibility, fidelity, and dose/exposure are assessed. This novel study is the first to fully test an HIV testing intervention in AA churches - a setting with great reach and influence in AA communities. It could provide a faith-community engagement model for delivering scalable, wide-reaching HIV prevention interventions by supporting AA faith leaders with religiously-appropriate HIV toolkits and health agency partners.

Azimuthal separation in nearly back-to-back jet topologies in inclusive 2- and 3-jet events in pp collisions at s = 13 Te

A measurement for inclusive 2- and 3-jet events of the azimuthal correlation between the two jets with the largest transverse momenta, Δ ϕ 12 , is presented. The measurement considers events where the two leading jets are nearly collinear ("back-to-back") in the transverse plane and is performed for several ranges of the leading jet transverse momentum. Proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 Te and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb - 1 are used. Predictions based on calculations using matrix elements at leading-order and next-to-leading-order accuracy in perturbative quantum chromodynamics supplemented with leading-log parton showers and hadronization are generally in agreement with the measurements. Discrepancies between the measurement and theoretical predictions are as large as 15%, mainly in the region177 ∘ < Δ ϕ 12 < 180 ∘ . The 2- and 3-jet measurements are not simultaneously described by any of models.

Measurement of exclusive ρ 770 0 photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPb collisions at s NN = 5.02 Te

Exclusiveρ 770 0 photoproduction is measured for the first time in ultraperipheral pPb collisions ats NN = 5.02 Te with the CMS detector. The cross section σ ( γ p → ρ 770 0 p ) is 11.0 ± 1.4 (stat) ± 1.0 (syst) μ b at ⟨ W γ p ⟩ = 92.6 Ge for photon-proton centre-of-mass energies W γ p between 29 and 213 Ge . The differential cross section d σ / d | t | is measured in the interval0.025 < | t | < 1 Ge 2 as a function of W γ p , where t is the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex. The results are compared with previous measurements and theoretical predictions. The measured cross section σ ( γ p → ρ 770 0 p ) has a power-law dependence on the photon-proton centre-of-mass, consistent with electron-proton collision measurements performed at HERA. The W γ p dependence of the exponential slope of the differential cross section d σ / d | t | is also measured.

Studies of Beauty Suppression via Nonprompt D^{0} Mesons in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

The transverse momentum spectra of D^{0} mesons from b hadron decays are measured at midrapidity (|y|<1) in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center of mass energy of 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The D^{0} mesons from b hadron decays are distinguished from prompt D^{0} mesons by their decay topologies. In Pb-Pb collisions, the B→D^{0} yield is found to be suppressed in the measured p_{T} range from 2 to 100  GeV/c as compared to pp collisions. The suppression is weaker than that of prompt D^{0} mesons and charged hadrons for p_{T} around 10  GeV/c. While theoretical calculations incorporating partonic energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma can successfully describe the measured B→D^{0} suppression at higher p_{T}, the data show an indication of larger suppression than the model predictions in the range of 2<p_{T}<5  GeV/c.

Search for a heavy pseudoscalar boson decaying to a Z and a Higgs boson at s = 13 Te

A search is presented for a heavy pseudoscalar boson A decaying to a Z  boson and a Higgs boson with mass of 125GeV . In the final state considered, the Higgs boson decays to a bottom quark and antiquark, and the Z  boson decays either into a pair of electrons, muons, or neutrinos. The analysis is performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb - 1 collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13Te . The data are found to be consistent with the background expectations. Exclusion limits are set in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models in the A boson mass range between 225 and 1000GeV .

Combined measurements of Higgs boson couplings in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 Te

Combined measurements of the production and decay rates of the Higgs boson, as well as its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented. The analysis uses the LHC proton-proton collision data set recorded with the CMS detector in 2016 ats = 13 Te , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb - 1 . The combination is based on analyses targeting the five main Higgs boson production mechanisms (gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production with a W or Z boson, or a top quark-antiquark pair) and the following decay modes: H → γ γ , Z Z , W W , τ τ , b b , and μ μ . Searches for invisible Higgs boson decays are also considered. The best-fit ratio of the signal yield to the standard model expectation is measured to be μ = 1.17 ± 0.10 , assuming a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 Ge . Additional results are given for various assumptions on the scaling behavior of the production and decay modes, including generic parametrizations based on ratios of cross sections and branching fractions or couplings. The results are compatible with the standard model predictions in all parametrizations considered. In addition, constraints are placed on various two Higgs doublet models.

Management of deep caries and the exposed pulp

Caries prevalence remains high throughout the world, with the burden of disease increasingly affecting older and socially disadvantaged groups in Western cultures. If left untreated, caries will advance through dentine stimulating pulpitis and eventually pulp infection and necrosis; however, if conservatively managed, pulpal recovery occurs even in deep carious lesions. Traditionally, deep caries management was destructive with nonselective (complete) removal of all carious dentine; however, the promotion of minimally invasive biologically based treatment strategies has been advocated for selective (partial) caries removal and a reduced risk of pulp exposure. Selective caries removal strategies can be one-visit as indirect pulp treatment or two-visit using a stepwise approach. Management strategies for the treatment of the cariously exposed pulp are also shifting with avoidance of pulpectomy and the re-emergence of vital pulp treatment (VPT) techniques such as partial and complete pulpotomy. These changes stem from an improved understanding of the pulp-dentine complex's defensive and reparative response to irritation, with harnessing the release of bioactive dentine matrix components and careful handling of the damaged tissue considered critical. Notably, the development of new pulp capping materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate, which although not an ideal material, has resulted in more predictable treatments from both a histological and a clinical perspective. Unfortunately, the changes in management are only supported by relatively weak evidence with case series, cohort studies and preliminary studies containing low patient numbers forming the bulk of the evidence. As a result, critical questions related to the superiority of one caries removal technique over another, the best pulp capping biomaterial or whether pulp exposure is a negative prognostic factor remain unanswered. There is an urgent need to promote minimally invasive treatment strategies in Operative Dentistry and Endodontology; however, the development of accurate diagnostic tools, evidence-based management strategies and education in management of the exposed pulp are critical in the future.

Search for vector-like quarks in events with two oppositely charged leptons and jets in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 Te

A search for the pair production of heavy vector-like partners T and B of the top and bottom quarks has been performed by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC using proton-proton collisions ats = 13 Te . The data sample was collected in 2016 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb - 1 . Final states studied for T T ¯ production include those where one of the T quarks decays via T → t Z and the other via T → b W , t Z , or t H , where H is a Higgs boson. For the B B ¯ case, final states include those where one of the B quarks decays via B → b Z and the other B → t W , b Z , or b H . Events with two oppositely charged electrons or muons, consistent with coming from the decay of a Z boson, and jets are investigated. The number of observed events is consistent with standard model background estimations. Lower limits at 95% confidence level are placed on the masses of the T and B quarks for a range of branching fractions. Assuming 100% branching fractions for T → t Z , and B → b Z , T and B quark mass values below 1280 and 1130Ge , respectively, are excluded.

Jet Shapes of Isolated Photon-Tagged Jets in Pb-Pb and pp Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV

The modification of jet shapes in Pb-Pb collisions, relative to those in pp collisions, is studied for jets associated with an isolated photon. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. Jet shapes are constructed from charged particles with track transverse momenta (p_{T}) above 1  GeV/c in annuli around the axes of jets with p_{T}^{jet}>30  GeV/c associated with an isolated photon with p_{T}^{γ}>60  GeV/c. The jet shape distributions are consistent between peripheral Pb-Pb and pp collisions, but are modified for more central Pb-Pb collisions. In these central Pb-Pb events, a larger fraction of the jet momentum is observed at larger distances from the jet axis compared to pp, reflecting the interaction between the partonic medium created in heavy ion collisions and the traversing partons.